Chihuahua

Regina Ayala Eduardo Espinoza Cuellar Ximena A. Rivera Aguilar Fabiola Rocha Arias

Chihuahua is localized in the north side of the country; The city of Chihuahua is the state capital of the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It has a population of about 825,327.

Archaeology:

Archaeological remains such as Las Cuarenta Casas of Paquimé, the latter is noted for its adobe buildings and doors in "T" shape and it is considered cultural

heritage and abundant sample because it shows eloquent and abundant evidence of the cultural evolution of North America and its relationship with other cultures.

“las cuarenta casas,localized in a town called El Vallecito”

Natural landmarks:

(cañon del pegüis) (Basaseachi waterfalls)

Cañón del Pegüis, Polvorillas, Barrancas del Cobre, San Ignacio Arareko, Valle de Bisabirachi, Cusárare, Recowata, Parque Nacional, Basaseachi Waterfalls, Cerocahui, Samalayuca Dunes are the most recognized zones of the state of chihuahua

Monuments:

Puerta de Chihuahua, Puerta del Sol, La Guirnalda, Árbol de la vida, El Ángel de la Libertad, Monumento “Las Palomas”, Obelisco de Sacramento, Esfinges de la Plaza de Armas, Estatua de Teporaca, Estatua el León, Estatua el Jinete.

(el jinete) (árbol de la vida)

Museums:

Museo de Arte Sacro

Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Casa Redonda Quinta Gameros Museo de la Revolución Mexicana (Casa de Villa) Museo de la Lealtad Republicana (Casa Juárez)

Galería de Armas

Museo de Hidalgo

Centro de Patrimonio Cultural Museo Casa Chihuahua

Museo Tarike

Museo Centro Semilla

Museo de las Culturas del Norte

Zona Arqueológica de Paquime Art: “Las Mañanitas” by Jesús Enrique Espinoza Emilio de la Helguera (May 28, 1910 Chihuahua – December 5, 1971 Mexico City) was a painter and illustrator from Chihuahua.

(las mañanitas)

His work would be kind of folk, mainly influenced by the current modernization and developmentalism the country was facing in the decade of the forties and the existing nationalism among the artists of the time, especially the muralists. Besides his work as an illustrator of folk subjects, Jesés Helguera had jobs no calendrical, most notably his version of “Leda y el Cisne”, a painting in which the

female eroticism is more openly shown, unlike the more commercial pictures, where female eroticism is more passive

. (leda y el cisne) Luis Yaotl Aragón was born in Chihuahua in 1939. He studied at the prestigious National School of Painting, Sculpture and Engraving "La Esmeralda" Mural: El Juego en el Tiempo.

(vision del mictlan)

Enrique Carbajal González “Sebastián” was born in the city of Camargo 1947, and lived in Chihuahua until 1964. He studied at the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City and at the National School of Plastic Arts of the UNAM.

(la puerta de chihuahua)

Sculpture by Sebastián, located in front of Parque Central “El Palomar.” It is dedicated to the Mexican martyrs of work: Pinos Altos (1883), Cananea (1906),

Río Blanco (1907) and Babícora (1939). (el palomar)

Colossal metal geometric composition, work of renowned sculptor Sebastian from Chihuahua. This is one of the highest sculptures in the world and is located at the southern entrance of the city. It represents our roots through binding bow with pre-Hispanic colonial staircase.

Águeda Lozano born in Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua in 1944 and performed her formal studies in Fine Arts at the Institute of Fine Arts (Bellas Artes) at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, as well as Monterrey, Nuevo León. 15 of her large Works are presented at the Metropolitan Gallery.

José Arturo Martínez Lazo (Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua state, July 18, 1952) is a Mexican architect, professor, writer and sculptor. His monumental sculptures were characterized by figurative geometric icons, trying to incorporate the natural space topping with vertical elements to emphasize on the horizon.

José Lucero was born on April 15, 1953 in San Francisco de Borja, Chihuahua. He studied at the National Institute of Fine Arts (Bellas Artes) at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. His most important work is "Paquime Huella de Sangre".

Don Ignacio Asúnsolo, Has a beautiful work carved in stone, is located in front of the Shrine of Guadalupe.

At 18 years of age, he entered as a student at the National School of Fine Arts (Bellas Artes), being taught by teachers such as José María Velasco, Leandro Izaguirre, Arnulfo Dominguez Bello and neoclassical sculptor Enrique War (1871-1943), from whom he learns the eternal value and aesthetics of the classical form.It has an sculpture named “Monumento a la Madre” in the state of Chihuahua

(monumento a la madre)

Köppen Climate Zones of Chihuahua

Subtropical Highland Cfb

Humid Subtropical Cwa

Steppe BSk

Cool Desert BWh

Hot Desert BWk

The climate in the state depends mainly in the elevation of the terrain. According to Köppen climate classification the state has five major climate zones.

Chihuahua is the largest state in Mexico by area, with a mainland area of 247,455 square kilometres (95,543 sq mi), it is slightly larger than the United Kingdom. It is consequently known under the nickname El Estado Grande ("The Big State"). The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain. The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates.

(Peñón de El Cuadrado(natural rock formation), Majalca National

Park, Chihuahua, Mexico)

The tangible cultural aspects that we decided to focus on are the sculptures because in all of them you can see the traditions and costumes’ of Chihuhua,they all can be viewed from the 5 cultural dimensions.

Historic

Dimension

The monuments of Chihuahua are mainly used to remember and recognized the

historical events of Mexico, such as sculptures of Historical Characters or believe

that are held in Chihuahua.

Political

Dimension

The political transcendence of the sculptures is that all of these monuments recognized

important dates or characters of the most significant facts of Chihuahua and México in

general, such as the independence or the revolution, political and historical moments.

Economical

Dimension

Chihuahua is a well known state for their museums and sculptures,one their

sculptures is considered between the tallest worldwide, this provides economical

sustent due to the tourism national and international.

Geographical

dimension

The state of Chihuahua is localized in northern Mexico, is bordered by the states

of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the southwest, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to

the east. it the second most forests than any other state in Mexico with Durango in

first. Due to its variant climate the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state

is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide river valleys. Their most

common sculptures are downtown where you can find humid subtropical climate, which

makes it ideal for the population and the tourist.

Legal

Dimension

The current government of the state was established officially by the Political

Constitution of the United Mexican States in 1917. The state government is divided

into three branches of government which are: the legislative branch, the judicial

branch, and the executive branch. The government centrally located in the state

capital Chihuahua City.

Chihuahua, intangible culture:

Ethnic groups Chihuahua holds one of the largest proportion of white population of Mexico, as is the case in much of northern Mexico. Caucasians make up 60% of the population, most of them of Spanish origin, but also of French, Basque, Italian, Irish, German, Dutch and Middle Eastern descent, while the rest of the population are Mestizo groups of predominantly both Spanish and Indian descent. Indians form 5% of the state inhabitants and remain isolated in the forests of southwestern Chihuahua. The admixture with Indians was never sizable in Nueva Vizcaya due to the scarcity of natives (most of them warrior and anti-European Conchos and Tarahumaras), and the size of the territory. The most important indigenous tribes of the state of Chihuahua are:

Tarahumara: The largest tribe of indigenous people in the state. They call themselves

Rarámuri which means “Barefoot Runner”. They are famous for their endurance in running long distances. They live in large areas of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Many of the tribe have immigrated to the large cities of the state mainly for economic incentives.

Tarahumara tribe

Tepehuan Del Norte: A tribe differentiated from the Tepehuan that live in the state of

Durango by their language. The tribe lives near the small towns of Guadalupe y Calvo and Baborigame.

tepehuan del norte tribe

Guarijío: A small tribe that is differentiated from the other tribes of the state by

their language. Little is known about these indigenous tribes except that they live near the small villages of Chínipas and Uruachi.

Guarijío indigence

Pima:A large tribe of people that live in across extensive areas of northwestern

Mexico and southwestern United States. The population of the tribe in the state is small mostly around the town of Temósachi. Although all the tribe speaks the same language variant dialects have been discovered between different settlements.

Religion: Although the great majority of residents of the state of Chihuahua are Catholics, there is a large diversity of religions within the state. There are many apostolic churches, LDS churches, and large Mennonite communities. Population of 5 years and older claim to be the following religious beliefs: 84.6% are Catholic; 7.1% are Protestant; 2.0% are Nondenominational; 5.1% are Atheist. Unlike most of Mexico the state has a higher percentage of protestants.

Catholic

Protestant

Nondenominational

Atheist

During the Mexican Revolution, Álvaro Obregón invited a group of German-speaking Mennonites in Canada to resettle in Chihuahua state. By the late 1920s, almost 10,000 had arrived from both Canada and Eastern Europe. Today, Mexico accounts for about 42% of all Mennonites in Latin America. Mennonites in the country stand out because of their light skin, hair and eyes. They are a largely insular community that speaks a form of German and wear traditional clothing. They own their own businesses in various communities in Chihuahua, and account for about half of the state’s farm

economy, standing out in cheese production.

Cuisin: Due to the region’s extreme weather, the first settlers needed to take advantage of short harvest periods to preserve and store food. And that is why Chihuahua’s cuisine is used to dehydrate its food, dried beans, vegetables, fruits and even meat.

Among its most traditional dishes are the chile colorado with dried meat, Mexican machaca, steakhouse chili, chili con carne or cheese, flour tortillas, middlings (bread made from corn) traditional charcoal grilled meat or American meat cuts, apricot fruit (dried fruit), dried apricots zucchini with cheese, ranchero cheese, Mennonite cheese, steakhous and chorizo. You can also enjoy of delicious dishes of fresh fish originally from the State sucha as: Bear broth (catfish broth with vegetables), fried tilapia or rainbow trout; or desserts like walnut and apple pie.

The most famous products are from the Mennonite fields, such as cheese and other dairy products, like butter and cream. This Mennonite cheese, also called Chihuahua cheese, has achieved an important place in the national and international consumption.

Furthermore, Chihuahua smells like apples, tastes like apples and offers visitors the best apples in Mexico. In the fertile valleys watered by the river Papigochi, spring bursts into thousands of flowers which are then transformed into delicious apples, giving origin to delicious dishes like the apple pie.

Crafts: The crafts of this estate have three sources: The raramuri, Tarahumara known as Paquimé, and mestiza; three including materials as clay and adobe, where they apply the handmade, original and exclusive. As a destination that gives a lot of importance to these kind of jobs, recently there has been created a lot competitions to award the best “chihuahuense” art. The town of Juan Mata Ortiz is famous for the alfarería elaborated with ancient techniques of the Paquimé craftsman, which is not cheap but you won´t regret on buying this exceptional work. Other specialties include canastos de hoja de palma tejida, decorative objects, and wooden furniture. Crafts are so important that there is a place called “Handcraft House Museum of Chihuahua” which objective is to present the essential topics of the prehispanic cultures of the region through diverse elements related with the popular art and history.

Escenic Arts: An important event related with this theme is the “International Festival Chihuahua”, a multidisciplinary event created in 2005 with the objective of helping the social and cultural development, providing the community another quality alternative in terms of education and recreation, promoting the work of local, national and international artists, preserving and fomenting the cultural heritage on its different expressions.

This festival presents events that join entertainment and culture and promote the rescue of public places and necessary areas for the activities of the chihuahuenses. With these kind of events, they stand out the cultural value of the people that live there and increase the culture that had made us grow as human beings through the time. During this time, Chihuahua is full of the most important artistic expressions and manifestations, massive concerts, theater, artistic caravans, and obras infantiles which integrate more than 500 events together in this magnificent celebration. This festival is considered one of the best cultural exponents in the country because of its variety, quality, fun and reflection. One of the most interesting events because of its ancestral meaning is the meeting of sister nations, Omawari which have a peace message and cultural exchange between indigenous “pueblos” in Latin America.

Languages: Tarahumara, Tepehuano de Chihuahua, Lenguas Mixtecas, Náhuatl.

Especial Festivities: During the festivity of day of the dead ,Chihuahua has different ways to celebrate on November 1 a journey that started from the nineteenth century House, where the altar was installed in honor of the indigenous community leader Juan Gardea , headed by the Giants Catrinas developed by the Municipal Mediatheque , who made his first stop in the Plaza Merino.

There the participants were able to know that the Plaza Merino is one of the oldest places in the city of Chihuahua, and that since 1709 , it was agreed to leave the space for the construction of a plaza. It was known as the " Plaza de Trasviña”.

After telling the story of the Plaza Merino, the Giants Catrinas and some citizens , continued their route to the “Plaza de Armas” to visit the altars of the dead , honoring different characters, participating in the Contest of Altars Township .

Precisely the Plaza de Armas was the scene of the performance of the Symphonic Band Woodwind " ad libitum " Conservatory of Music in Chihuahua, directed by Master Samvel Abrahamyan , who entertained waiting for the awards contest altars.