Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Activities toward Runway Surface
Condition Assessment
Yoichi Hamahira
Airport Safety and Aviation Security Division,
Aviation Safety and Security Department
Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
Airport in Japan
2
Wakkanai
Monbetsu
Memanbetsu
Nakashibetsu
Kushiro Obihiro
Asahikawa Sapporo
New-Chitose
Hakodate
Okushiri
Aomori
Rishiri
Misawa
Hanamaki
Sendai
Odate-Noshiro
Akita
Shonai
Yamagata
Fukushima Niigata
Sado
Hyakuri
Tokyo-Narita Tokyo-Haneda
Oshima
Hachijyojima
Miyakejima
Shizuoka
Matsumoto
Chubu-Centrair
Toyama
Noto
Komatsu
Nanki-Shirahama
Kansai
Yao
Osaka Kobe
Okayama
Tottori Yonago Izumo
Oki
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi-Ube Takamatsu
Tokushima Matsuyama
Kochi Oita
Kitakyushu Fukuoka
Tsushima Iki
Saga
Kumamoto
Miyazaki Kagoshima
Nagasaki
Fukue
Amakusa *
Tanegashima Yakushima
Naha
Amami-oshima
Miyako Ishigaki
Kikaijima Yoron
Tokunoshima
Okinoerabu
Kumejima
Kita-Daitou
Minami-Daito Yonaguni
Niijima Kozushima
Iwami Tajima
45°N
35°N
26°N
Rebun
Ojika
kamigoto
Chofu
* oitakenoh
konan *
Nagoya
Iwakuni
Shimojijima
MLIT managed Airport （20）
Local government managed Airport （65）
Company managed Airport （4）
Civil - Military joint Airport （7）
Sea of Japan
Pacific ocean
Chitose
Snowy area
3
Wakkanai
Monbetsu
Memanbetsu
Nakashibetsu
Kushiro Obihiro
Asahikawa Sapporo
New-Chitose
Hakodate
Okushiri
Aomori
Rishiri
Misawa
Hanamaki
Sendai
Odate-Noshiro
Akita
Shonai
Yamagata
Fukushima Niigata
Sado
Hyakuri
Tokyo-Narita Tokyo-Haneda
Oshima
Hachijyojima
Miyakejima
Shizuoka
Matsumoto
Chubu-Centrair
Toyama
Noto
Komatsu
Nanki-Shirahama
Kansai
Yao
Osaka Kobe
Okayama
Tottori Yonago Izumo
Oki
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi-Ube Takamatsu
Tokushima Matsuyama
Kochi Oita
Kitakyushu Fukuoka
Tsushima Iki
Saga
Kumamoto
Miyazaki Kagoshima
Nagasaki
Fukue
Amakusa *
Tanegashima Yakushima
Naha
Amami-oshima
Miyako Ishigaki
Kikaijima Yoron
Tokunoshima
Okinoerabu
Kumejima
Kita-Daitou
Minami-Daito Yonaguni
Niijima Kozushima
Iwami Tajima
45°N
35°N
26°N
Rebun
Ojika
kamigoto
Chofu
* oitakenoh
konan *
Nagoya
Iwakuni
Shimojijima
Sea of Japan
Pacific ocean
Current practice
Airport Snow/ice inspection
• Mean depth of snow
• Type of snow
• Braking action by
measuring device
• Coverage etc.
ATC
AL FLT
Ops
AIS
Surface friction
tester(SFT) Bowmonk AFM2 Tapley meter
160131 RJAAYNYX
(0162/16 NOTAMR 0161/16
Q)RJJJ/QQSIC/IV/M/A/000/999/
A)RJCH B)1601160131 C)UFN
E)S/I COND AS OF 1601160112
RUNWAY 12/30 TWY AND APN CONDITION
A2 B1 C3 D5
E2 F1 G1 H4
I2 J1 K1 L3
M2 N2 O2
P2 Q3 R4
W3
RMKS 1)A.3MM B.1MM C.1MM
2)P5,P6...............1
P4..................3
P2,P3,T3 THRU T7....5
T1,T2,P1............6
3)31/95/95
SURFACE FRICTION TESTER)
←A section
←B section
←C section
←μ value ←Type of device
Braking Action
Good 1
Medium to Good 2
Medium 3
Medium to Poor 4
Poor 5
Very Poor 6
NOTAM example
Study Group
Winter airport operation study group established in 2012 for
the purpose of
• Conduct TALPA/ARC trial (simulation-based)
• Identify issues when implementing RWYCC assignment
procedures through analysis of the converted data from
current practice
• Develop optimal runway condition assessment
procedures and training manual in Japan
Participants: JCAB (Airport, ATS, AIS, ACFT-OPS)
Aircraft operator (Japan airlines, All Nippon Airways etc.)
Airport operator
Aomori
Hanamaki Odatenoshiro
Akita
Shonai
Yamagata
Toyama
45°N
35°N
26°N
Participated
Airport
RWY
(all grooved) Operating Aircraft
Aomori/RJSA 3000×60m B738､DHC8､CRJ200､E170/175
Odatenoshiro/RJSR 2000×45m A320､B738
Hanamaki/RJSI 2500×45m CRJ200､E170/175
Akita/RJSK 2500×60m B767､B738､CRJ200､DHC8
Shonai/RJSY 2000×45m A320､B738
Yamagata/RJSI 2000×45m E170､CRJ
Toyama/RJNT 2000×45m B787､B767､B737､A321､A319
TALPA/ARC Trial in 2015 (JAN 1 ～ MAR 31)
TALPA/ARC Trial Procedures
Snow & ice condition
with RWY B/A
Pilot B/A
Study Group
• Convert to RWYCC
• Comparison between RWY B/A and RWYCC
• Comparison between Pilot B/A and RWYCC
• Data analysis
Airport operator Airline/Pilot
NOTAM
ATS
Total Airport report at 2015 trial 618
Total Pilot B/A report at 2015 trial 147
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
Ｇ 144 145 137 8 8 10 8 8 8
ＭＧ 8 10 12 2 1 2
Ｍ 12 11 15 3 5 2
ＭＰ 3 1 3 1 3 3
Ｐ 6 3 3
ＶＰ
SLUSH
計 167 167 167 20 20 20 8 8 8
05 4 3 2 1
Akita Airport （195 airport reports）
TYPE OF SNOW NR of Report
DRY SNOW 267
WET SNOW 267
DRY SNOW&
COMPACTED SNOW 27
ICE 24
Depth of SN NR
Up to and including 3mm 525
More than 3mm 33
In case of depth of snow with up to including 3mm, 15% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”
When converted RWYCC is “5”, 15% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”
When converted RWYCC is “3”, 32% of RWY BA is worse than “Medium”
* The number derived from the condition of each runway third
RWYCC RWY BA
Correlation between RWY BA and RWYCC
Akita Airport (55 pilot BA reports) Correlation between Pilot BA and RWY BA and RWYCC
Pilot BA NR RWY BA/NR Type snow & depth RWY CC Downgrade Upgrade
requirement
Good
46
G
38 Dry, Wet snow 1 - 2mm 5
3 Compacted snow 1 – 2mm 3
1 Ice (coverage at or less
than 20% 1 Upgrade
MG 3 Dry, Wet snow 2mm 5
M 1 Dry 1mm 5
Good to Medium 1 MG 1 Wet snow 2mm 5
Medium 7
G 3 Dry, Wet snow 1 – 3mm 5 Downgrade
MG 1 Wet snow 3mm 5 Downgrade
MG 1 Dry snow 4mm 3
M 2 Dry snow 2 – 3mm 5 Downgrade
Medium to Poor
Poor 1 P 1 Wet snow 5mm 3 Downgrade
Less than Poor *RWY BA is worst BA of each RWY third
Pilot BA reports which are worse than what the pilot may be expecting・・・7 reports
Odatenoshiro Airport (83 airport reports)
TYPE OF SNOW NR of Report
DRY SNOW 183
WET SNOW 63
COMPACTED SNOW 3
Depth of SN NR
Up to and including 3mm 246
More than 3mm 3
* The number derived from the condition of each runway third
A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B CＧ 54 54 55 2 2 2ＭＧ 7 7 4Ｍ 7 7 18ＭＰ 2 4 3 1 1 1Ｐ 2 1ＶＰSLUSH計 72 72 81 3 3 3
3 2 1 05 4
Correlation between RWY BA and RWYCC
In case of depth of snow with up to including 3mm, 32% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”
When converted RWYCC is “5”, 28% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”
When converted RWYCC is “3”, 33% of RWY BA is worse than “Medium”
Odatenoshiro Airport (42 pilot BA reports)
Correlation between Pilot BA and RWY BA and RWYCC
Pilot BA NR RWY BA/NR Type snow & depth RWY CC Downgrade Upgrade
requirement
Good
29 G 29 Dry, Wet snow 1 - 2mm 5
Compacted snow 1mm 3
Good to Medium 5 G 3 Dry snow 1 - 2mm 5 Downgrade
M 2 Dry snow 2mm
Wet snow1mm 5 Downgrade
Medium 6 MG 1
Dry snow 1mm
Wet snow 3mm 5 Downgrade
M 5 Dry snow 1mm 5 Downgrade
Medium to Poor 1 MG 1 Dry snow 1mm 5 Downgrade
Poor 1 M 1 Dry snow 1mm 3 Downgrade
Less than Poor
*RWY BA is worst BA of each RWY third
Pilot BA reports which are worse than what the pilot may be expecting・・・13 reports
Summary ‘type of snow’
Aomori
Hanamaki Oodatenoshiro
Akita
Shonai Yamagata
Toyama Type of snow Nr
DRY S/N 931
WET S/N 847
COMPACTED S/N 299
ICE 33
SLUSH 31
DRY & COMPACTED 27
WET & COMPACTED 12
Summary ‘depth, type of snow, RWY BA’
「G」 「MG」 「M」 「MP」 「P」 「VP」
DRY 713 47 90 17 3 -
WET 691 38 30 10 2 -
COMPACTED 275 16 5 - - -
DRY & COMPACTED 25 2 1 - - -
WET & COMPACTED 3 - 2 1 - -
「G」 「MG」 「M」 「MP」 「P」 「VP」
DRY 16 7 15 11 8 -
WET - 2 - 1 - -
COMPACTED 14 9 13 7 11 -
DRY & COMPACTED - - - - - -
WET & COMPACTED 1 2 3 - - -
DRY､WET SNOW ： 82～90％「Good」, 10-18% worse than「Good」
COMPACTED etc. ： 92％「Good」, 8% worse than「Good」
DRY SNOW ： 41％ at or better than「Medium to Good」, 33% worse than 「Medium」
COMPACTED etc. ： 43％ at or better than「Medium to Good」, 30% worse than 「Medium」
RWY BA up to and including
3mm depth
RWY BA more than 3mm depth
Summary ‘RWY BA & RWYCC’
RWY BA converted RWYCC
Summary ‘ RWY BA at converted RWYCC’
No RWY BA 「SLUSH」3
Summary ‘ Pilot BA at converted RWYCC
RWYCC「5」
20% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting
RWYCC「3」
11% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting
RWYCC「1」
Contamination is ice with 20% coverage.
Totally 73% of Pilot BA and what the pilot may be expecting matches
20% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting
7% of Pilot BA is better than what the pilot may be expecting
*RWYCC is worst RWYCC of each RWY thirds
Pilot BA at converted RWYCC
worse
30(20%)
equivalent
better
10(7%)
Recent serious incident
Hanamaki AP (RJSI)
Dec.25 2012 PM 17:20
Type: Bombardier CL600
RWY: 2500×45m
Last RWY COND
ALL area wet snow 10mm B/A P
Inspection time 16:18
Shonai Airport (RJSY)
Dec.8 2012 PM 22:26
Type: Boeing 737-800
RWY: 2000×45m
Last RWY COND
A: wet snow 2mm B/A G
B: wet snow 2mm B/A G
C: wet snow 2mm B/A G
Inspection time 22:07
RWY excursion Overrun
issues
Is it enough?
• How should we deal with RWY friction measurement?
• How is the first flyer going without pilot BA?
• Will airport operator be able to assess runway surface
condition adequately?
etc.
Study Group task list & schedule
Task Time scale
Develop domestic runway surface condition assessment procedures 2018 Q3
Develop domestic friction measurement approval standards 2019 Q1
Develop training manual 2018 Q3
NOTAM system modification (AIS, Airlines) (proposed) 2020 Q2
Application of minimum friction level TBD
Others ・・・
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Develop relevant domestic
rules & guidance
Training for airport operator
Trial
applicable
Thank you for your attention !
