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ACTIVITY 3BSpecialized CT

CARTILAGE ANDBONE

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Cartilage tissue

Perichondrium an outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue that

ensheaths the cartilage tissue

(except articular cartilage)

Ground substance

Subs. in the matrix area consisting of proteoglycans,glycoproteins, and water (75%)

No Calcium salts.

Fibers protein filaments consist of collagen or elastin

assembled with the molecules in the ground subs.

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Cells in the cartilage tissueChondrogenic cells - stellate-shaped cells of

fibroblast origin with spindle-shaped nucleusfound interspersed within the inner layer of theperichondrium. These cells give rise to

chondroblasts.Chondroblasts - Synthesize the precursors of

extracellular fibers and other organic subs. inthe matrix; when surrounded by the matrix,they acquire lacunae and transform into

chondrocytes.Chondrocytes - Cells in the matrix, still mitotic,

still synthesizing the materials in the matrix. Isogenous groups - chondrocytes that underwent

mitotic division and the resulting cells are groupedinto small clusters.

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Cartilage Tissue: HYALINE

Description: Consists of a bluish white and shiny ground

substance with fine collagen type II fibers;

contains numerous chondrocytes; most

abundant type of cartilage

Location: Ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose,

parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial

tubes, and embryonic skeleton.

Function: Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints,

flexibility and support.

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Perichondrium

Ground

substanceChondrocytes

Hyaline cartilage of the trachea, 100x

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Isogenousgrouplacuna

chondrocyte

Hyaline Cartilage of the trachea 1000x

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Territorial matrixthe space where adjacent singlechondrocytes are separated.

Interterritorial matrixThe space where isogenous

groups are separated.Provide structural support to thetrachea

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SPECIALIZED CT

Hyaline cartilage devoid of perichondrium

- Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints.

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Fibrocartilage

Description: Consists of chondrocytes usually arranged in

rows among bundles of collagen type I fibers

within matrix.

Location: Pubic symphysis (point where hipbones join

anteriorly), intervertebral discs (discs between

vertebrae), menisci (cartilage pads) of knee.

Function: support and fusion

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Chondrocytes

Collagenfibers

Fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disk

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Fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disk

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Intervertebral disc

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus

pulposus

Allows movement between vertebrae and provide structural support ofgreat strength.

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ELASTIC cartilage

Description: Consists of chondrocytes located in a

threadlike network of elastic fibers within

matrix.

Location: Epiglotis, external ear (auricle), and auditory

(Eustachian) tube.

Function: Gives support and maintains shape

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Chondrocytes

in lacunae

Elastic fibers

in ground

substance

Epiglottis section, 400x

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The epiglottic cartilage, consisting of elastic cartilage, gives flexibilityto the epiglottis. It is a heart-shaped cartilage covered with mucousmembrane. It provide elasticity to the epiglottis.

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Bone (Osseous) tissue

Description: Compact bone consists of osteons (Haversian systems)that contain lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, canaliculi

and central (Haversian) canals.

Spongy bone consists of thin plates called trabeculae;

spaces between trabeculae are filled with red bonemarrow.

Location: Both compact and spongy bone comprise the various

parts of bones in the body.

Function: Support, protection, storage, houses blood-forming tissue

and serves as levers that act together with muscle

tissue to provide movement.

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Structures in a

Bone Tissue:

Periosteum an outer layer of dense

collagenous fibers that cover the compact

bone shell. Along with its fibers are fibroblastlike

osteoprogenitor cells which are spindle shapedthat divide mitotically to become osteoblasts.

Endosteum - single layer of flattened

osteoprogenitor cells that lines all internalcavities within the bone with a very small

amount of connective tissue.

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Compact Bone, longitudinal section, x 100

Periosteum

osteoprogenitorcells

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Osteoblasts cells thatresulted from the mitotic

divisions of osteoprogenitorcells in the periosteum.

Synthesize the matrix subs.

Osteocytes - mature bone cells that areentrapped within lacunae.

These cells have long processesthat pass through the narrowcanaliculi that radiate from thelacunae.

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Osteoclasts - phagocytic cellsthat erode bone surfaces;

important in the constantturnover and refashioning ofbone

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SPECIALIZED CT

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Compact bone (decalcified section), LPO

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Compact bone, showing an Osteon (Haversian system)

Osteocytes

in lacunae

lamella

Haversian

canal

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Compact bone, 1000x

Canaliculi

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Spongy or cancellous bone, 1000x

Bony

trabecula

Peripheral bone (compact)

Periosteum

Endosteum

Marrow

cavities with

hemopoeitic

tissues

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References Young B. 2009. WHEATERS FUNCTIONAL

HISTOLOGY. 5TH Edition. UK: Churchill Livingstone.Distributor: Phils: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Gonzales E. 2009. ESTEBAN and GONZALESTEXTBOOK OF HISTOLOGY. 4TH Edition. PHILS: C & EPublishing, Inc.

Online: BLUE HISTOLOGY

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

Junquiera LC, Carneiro J. 2005. BASIC HISTOLOGY :TEXT AND ATLAS 11th Edition. McGraw-Hills ACCESSMEDICINE.