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Adaptation and selective breeding

Date post: 11-May-2015
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Physical Adaptations Animals depend on physical features to: obtain food keep safe build homes withstand weather attract mates.
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Page 1: Adaptation and selective breeding

Physical Adaptations

Animals depend on physical features to: obtain food keep safe build homes withstand weather attract mates.

Page 2: Adaptation and selective breeding

Physical Adaptations

Do not develop during an animal's life but over many generations.

Examples: shape of a bird's beak number of fingers color of the fur thickness or thinness of fur shape of the nose or ears

Page 3: Adaptation and selective breeding

Anti-Predator Strategies

Defensive adaptations include:Predator avoidance

Hiding and camouflage

Group defenseFleeingSignal

Warnings

Page 4: Adaptation and selective breeding

Costs and Benefits of Camouflage

Many organisms avoid predators by the use of cryptic coloration.

A requirement of camouflage in many cases is that the individual choose an appropriate background.

Page 5: Adaptation and selective breeding

Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest

Natural selection rests on three facts:

1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.

2. Individuals vary in their characteristics.

3. Many characteristics are inherited by offspring from their parents.

Page 6: Adaptation and selective breeding

Logically then.......

• Some individuals will be better suited to their environment

They will survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals without those characteristics.

• Future generations: contain more genes from better-suited individuals.

• Result: characteristics will evolve over time to resemble those of the better-suited ancestors.

Page 7: Adaptation and selective breeding

Peppered Moths – Adaptation in Action

Two Kinds: White speckled moth Black moth.

In early 1800’s dark form was very rare. Dark form caused by dominant mutation

that occurs spontaneously.

Page 8: Adaptation and selective breeding

Peppered moths rest on trees and depend on camouflage for protection.

Page 9: Adaptation and selective breeding

Peppered Moth

Unpolluted Areas: trees are covered in lichens and the light form of the moth is hard to see.

In mid 1800’s air pollution in British cities covered trees with soot.

In cities dark form became common and light form rare.

Page 10: Adaptation and selective breeding
Page 11: Adaptation and selective breeding

Peppered moth

In mid 1950’s pollution controls were introduced in Britain and frequency of the black moth form has declined since then.

Page 12: Adaptation and selective breeding
Page 13: Adaptation and selective breeding

Peppered Moth Video


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