Adapted from Susan M. Pojer

The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty

•Land•Reparations•War Guilt•League of

Nations•Military

Restrictions

The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty

• German army reduced

• Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines

• Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland

Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ

The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty

Although President

Wilson was the driving

force behind the creation

of the League of Nations, the United

States did not join it.

The League of NationsThe League of Nations

The “Stab-In-The-Back” TheoryThe “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory

German soldiers are German soldiers are dissatisfied.dissatisfied.

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

Economic

• economic functions controlled by state corporations or state

Cultural

• Censorship• Indoctrination• Secret police

Social• Supported by

middle class, industrialists and military

Chief Examples

• Italy

• Spain

• Germany

Political

• nationalist

• racist (Nazism)

• One-party rule

• Supreme leader

Basic principles•Authoritarianism•State more important than the individual

•Charismatic leader•Action oriented

Characteristics of Fascism

Italy

Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers

Rise of the Nazis

• Germany’s economic woes

• Political instability

• Fascism• National

Socialist German Workers’ Party

Adolf Hitler

The Nazis promoted a

view of Germany as surrounded by enemies

and threatened on all sides

Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933

The Nazis Gain Power

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935

Emperor Emperor Haile Haile

SelassieSelassie

IlIlDuceDuce

Germany Rearms

German troops march back into the Rhineland, March 1936

Hitler and MussoliniRome-Berlin Axis

Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis Alliance

Building an Axis

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?

Italian troops in Madrid

Italian troops in Madrid

The Destruction of Guernica