Adapted from Susan Pojer at Historyteacher.net

By Kathryn Raia at msraia.com

BaroqueBaroque► 1600 – 1750.

► From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”

► Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.

► The more dramatic, the better!

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture► Dramatic, emotional.

► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.

► Counter-Reformation art.

► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.

► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.

► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican

City

by Gialorenzo

Bernini

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican

City

by Gialorenzo

Bernini

Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

“The Assumption of the Virgin Mary”

Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750

“The Assumption of the Virgin Mary”

Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750

Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764

Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764

“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595

“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595

“The Flagellatio

n of Christ”

by Caravaggi

o

“The Flagellatio

n of Christ”

by Caravaggi

o

“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”

by Caravaggio

“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”

by Caravaggio

“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595

“The Dead Christ Mourned”

Annibale Carracci, 1603

“The Dead Christ Mourned”

Annibale Carracci, 1603

“The Virgin Appearing

to St. Hyacinthe”

Lodovico Carracci

1594

“The Virgin Appearing

to St. Hyacinthe”

Lodovico Carracci

1594

“Joseph’s Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob”

Diego Velázquez, 1630

“Joseph’s Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob”

Diego Velázquez, 1630

“Christ on the Cross”

Diego Velázquez

, 1632

“Christ on the Cross”

Diego Velázquez

, 1632

“Las Meninas

”

Diego Velázqu

ez

1656

“Las Meninas

”

Diego Velázqu

ez

1656

“St. Francis in Meditation”Francisco de Zurbarán

“St. Francis in Meditation”Francisco de Zurbarán

“St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed”

Francisco de Zurbarán, 1629

“St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed”

Francisco de Zurbarán, 1629

“The Elevation

of the Cross”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1610-11

“The Elevation

of the Cross”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1610-11

“The Lamentat

ion”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1609-11

“The Lamentat

ion”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1609-11

“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens

“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens

“A Village Fête”Peter Paul Reubens

“A Village Fête”Peter Paul Reubens

“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-

32

“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-

32

“The Ecstasy of

St. Theresa of

Avila”

by Gianlorenzo Bernini

1647-52

“The Ecstasy of

St. Theresa of

Avila”

by Gianlorenzo Bernini

1647-52

“A Bust of Louis XIV”by Bernini

“A Bust of Louis XIV”by Bernini

“Louis XVI”

HyacintheRigauld

“Louis XVI”

HyacintheRigauld

“A Bust of Cardinal Richelieu”by Bernini

“A Bust of Cardinal Richelieu”by Bernini

“Cardinal Richelieu”Philippe de Champaigne

[1602-1674]

“Cardinal Richelieu”Philippe de Champaigne

[1602-1674]

Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture

Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture

A Baroque RoomA Baroque Room

Baroque Music

Characteristics:– Belief that text should dominate the music;

the lyrics and libretto were most important– Composers developed the modern system of

major-minor tonalities

Claudio Monteverdi (1547-1643)

Developed the opera and the modern orchestra

Orfeo (1607) – is his masterpiece, the first opera

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Wrote dense and polyphonic structuresVariety of genres, choral, instrumental,

concertos etc.Extremely Prolific

Concerto for Two Violins: "Vivace"

George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)

Variety of genresMasterpiece The Messiah

Dutch Style Characteristics:

–Did not fit the Baroque style of trying to overwhelm the viewer

–Reflected wealth of Dutch Republic

–Reflected urban and rural settings of Dutch life during the “golden Age of the Netherlands”

Rembrandt (1606-1669)

Christ in the Storm on the Lake of Galilee, 1633

Oil on Canvas

Rembrandt

Self Portrait, 1658

The Abduction of Europa, 1632

Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)

Girl With a Pearl Earring, 1665

Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)

Woman Holding a Balance, 1665

Frans Hals (1580-1666)

Officers and Sergeants of the St Hadrian Civic Guard. c. 1633

French ClassicismNicolas

Poussin, Self Portrait, 1650 Les Bergers

d’Arcadie, 1650-55Paintings rationally

achieved harmony and balance

Focused early on classical scenes from antiquity or Biblical scenes

Later focused on landscape painting

Jean Racine (1639-1699)

DramatistPlays were

often funded by Louis XIV

Written in classical style

Dramatic Works: La Thébaïde (1664) Alexandre le Grand (1665) Andromaque (1667) Les Plaideurs (1668) Britannicus(1669) Bérénice (1670) Bajazet (1672) Mithridate (1673) Iphigénie (1674) Phèdre (1677) Esther (1689) Athalie (1691)

Jean-Baptist Moliere (1622-1673)

DramatistFocused on social

strugglesMade fun of aristocracy,

upper bourgeoisie and high church officials

Le Docteur amoureux (1658), the first play performed by Molière's troupe for Louis XIV (now lost) --The Doctor in Love