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ADDICTION, HEALTH AND FAMILY Shanaz Butt May 8, 2012
ADDICTION,
HEALTH AND FAMILY
Shanaz Butt May 8, 2012
Emotions of Addiction
Gotta have it!!
What is Addiction?
Characterized by:
– Compulsive Behavior
– Continued use of drugs despite negative consequences
Different types of Addictions
o Alcoholism
o Drug abuse
o Eating disorders
o Compulsive sex dependence
o Compulsive gambling
o Video games
o Internet Abuse
o Television and other media
o Cell phones
o Feel Good
o Relaxation
o Performance
o Curiosity
o Peer Pressure
o Relieve Stress
o Avoid depression or anxiety
o Avoid anger
o Escape marital or family troubles
o Escape problems at work
o Forget financial troubles
o Unable to deal with stressors
Reasons for Addiction
Addiction Does not Discriminate
Equal Opportunity Destroyer!
Affects:
o Babies
o Adolescents
o Adults
o Parents
Causes Social Problems:
o Drugs/Alcohol – Driving
o Violence
o Theft
o Child Abuse
o Domestic Abuse
o Sexual Abuse
o Infectious diseases
o Stress and vulnerability
Estimated Economic Cost to Society Due to
Substance Abuse and Addiction:
Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year
Alcohol: $185 billion/year
Tobacco: $158 billion/year
Total: $524 billion/year
Factors involved in Addiction
DRUGS
History Biology
-Previous -Genetics
-Learning -Comorbidity
BRAIN
ADDICTION
ENVIRONMENT
Social
Family
Stress
Becomes Subordinate
Stress remains
Becomes Dominant
No longer stressed
Individually Housed
Group Housed
Environment and Addiction
Morgan, D. et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2002.
Cocaine (mg/kg/injection)
* *
S .003 .01 .03 .1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Dominant
Subordinate
Addiction Pathways of the Brain
Addiction Reward & well-being
Motivation
Movement
Dopamine
Addiction = Reward
Three main areas mediate reward pathways
– Nucleus Accumbens – reward related activities
– Amygdala – fear motivated activity
– Pre Frontal Cortex – decision making and prediction of reward
Damaging effects of
Addiction
Driving Under the Influence
Drunk drivers kill someone approximately
every 48 minutes
In 2009
o 33,808 people killed in traffic accidents.
o 10, 839 of these deaths was a result of alcohol
o 1.4 million people arrested for driving under the influence.
o An drunk driver will drive drunk 87 times before being pulled over!
o Alcohol-related crashes in the United States cost the public an
estimated $114.3 billion in 2000, including $51.1 billion in monetary
costs and an estimated $63.2 billion in quality of life losses.
Alcohol Addiction
Hangovers. Headaches, nausea, vomiting,
aches and pains
Weight gain & High Blood Pressure.
Alcohol is not water. A beer has about
150 "empty" calories
Depressed immune system. Impaired
immunity makes you more likely to
contract viral illnesses such as flu and
infections.
Cancer. Esophagus, mouth, larynx, and
pharynx, liver etc.
Liver disease. Fatty liver,
hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer
Alcohol poisoning.
Heart or respiratory failure.
Leading to death
Cigarette Addiction
Amphetamines
speed uppers, dexies, bennies
o Amphetamines are swallowed, inhaled, or injected
o Uppers pump up heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure,
and they can also cause sweating, shaking, headaches,
sleeplessness, and blurred vision
o Prolonged use causes hallucinations and paranoia
o Difficult to stop using once started - various mood problems
such as aggression and anxiety and intense cravings for the
drugs.
Cocaine and Crack
(Cocaine) coke, snow, blow, nose candy, white, big C
(Crack) freebase, rock
o Cocaine-inhaled through the nose or injected,
o Crack-smoked
o Highly addictive
o Even after one use, cocaine and crack can create both
physical and psychological cravings that make it very, very
difficult to stop.
o Stimulant gives intense feeling of power and energy.
o Elevates heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and
temperature.
o Snorting can put a hole inside the lining of your nose
Cold and Cough Medicines
triple C, candy, DM, drex, red devils, robo,
rojo, skittles, tussin, velvet
o OTC -dextromethorphan (DXM).
o Tablets, capsules, gel caps, lozenges and syrups
o Large doses cause confusion, impaired judgment, blurred vision,
dizziness, paranoia, excessive sweating, slurred speech, nausea,
vomiting, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, headache,
lethargy, numbness of fingers and toes, loss of consciousness,
seizures, brain damage, and death.
o People who use cough and cold medicines regularly become
dependent on them.
Marijuana pot, weed, blunts, chronic, grass, reefer, herb, ganja
o Most widely used illegal drug in the US
o A stronger form called hashish (hash) looks like brown
cakes or balls.
o Called a gateway drug -leads to use of stronger drugs.
o Smoked in cigarette (joints), hollowed out cigars (blunts),
pipes (bowls), or water pipes (bongs). Some people mix it
into foods or brew it as a tea.
o Users experience mood swings that range from stimulated
to happy to drowsy to depressed.
o Makes people paranoid or causes hallucinations.
o Affects the lungs -cough, wheezing, and frequent colds.
o Elevates heart rate and blood pressure.
Inhalants
o Sniffed or “huffed” to get an immediate rush or high.
o Household products like glues, paint thinners, dry cleaning
fluids, gasoline, felt-tip marker fluid, correction fluid, hair
spray, aerosol deodorants and spray paint.
o Inhalants are breathed in directly from the original
container (sniffing or snorting), from a plastic bag (bagging),
or by holding an inhalant-soaked rag in the mouth (huffing).
o Inhalants make you feel giddy and confused, as if drunk.
o Long time users get headaches, nosebleeds, and may suffer
the loss of hearing and sense of smell.
o Inhalants are the most likely of abused substances to cause
severe toxic reaction and death.
Barbiturates –Sedatives and tranquilizers are
commonly abused prescription drugs. They can
cause hangover-like symptoms, nausea, seizures, and
coma. Overdose or mixing these drugs with alcohol
can be fatal.
LSD - causes nausea, rapid heart rate, depression,
and disorientation. Long-term effects
include paranoia and psychosis.
ECSTASY: dam, Clarity, XTC
Causes euphoria, pleasure, self-confidence,
extrovert. Party drug – teens & young adults
Your Brain on Drugs in the 1980’s
IT IS NOT MY FAULT
MY GENES MADE ME DO IT!
Internet Abuse &
Internet Addiction
o Rapid growth of internet over past 10 years affected everyone
o Changed the way we shop, research and entertain ourselves.
o The internet provides a compulsive escape from reality.
o Pornography addiction, online affairs or chat room relationships,
online shopping, gambling etc.
o A growing disorder affecting marriages, families, friendship.
o Individuals who suffer from internet addiction are also likely to show
signs of other addictive behaviors or depression and/or anxiety.
TEENS & HIV/AIDS
o Drug abuse and addiction closely linked to HIV/AIDS
-injection drug use, needle sharing, unsafe sex
o Young people engage in risk-taking and sensation-seeking
behaviors -putting them at higher risk
o Drugs and alcohol increase the chances of unsafe behavior
by altering judgment and decision making
o Choose not to use drugs. Know that drug affect the way
people make decisions and weigh risks
Food Addiction
o Obsessive/Compulsive eating
o Binge Eating – large amounts of calories (5000-15000)
o Obesity and Overweight Problems: Diabetes, Hypertension, Cholesterol,
Heart Disease, Kidney, Arthritis, Stroke, Depression
o Bulimia Nervosa – binge eating with purging
o Signs:
o Eating uncontrollably even if not hungry
o Eating little in public, but maintaining a high body weight
o Shame and guilt associated with eating
o Preoccupation with body weight
o Depression or mood swings
o Rapid weight gain or onset of obesity with decreased mobility
o Very low self esteem and feeling a need to eat larger amounts.
Islamic Teachings
o A Muslim may not offer prayers (salaat) when he is not in full
possession of his senses, even if that is caused by excessive
emotion or a state of sleep. Certainly, a mind that is intoxicated is
not able to focus on Allah.
o Drugs are used as a means of escape from overwhelming
difficulties and responsibilities. The attitude of one who has truly
embraced the teachings of Islam cannot be compatible with this
state of despair. A true Muslim places his reliance on Allah for the
relief of hardship.
o Islam understands that it may not be easy for a person to break
away from addiction, so it does not exclude or discourage the use
of outside resources, such as counseling or rehabilitation.
o The most potent antidote is PRAYERS and seeking FORGIVENESS
THE HOLY QUR’AN
They ask thee concerning wine and the game of hazard. Say in both
there is a great sin…(Holy Qur’an, 2:220)
O ye who believe! Wine (al-khamr) and the game of chance... are
only an abomination of Satan's handiwork. So shun each one of
them that you may prosper. Satan seeks only to create enmity and
hatred among you by means of wine and games of chance, and to
keep you back from the remembrance of Allah and from Prayer...
(Holy Qur’an, 5:91-92)
If a large amount of anything causes intoxication, (even) a small
amount of it is forbidden. (Abu-Dawood)
ADDICTION….
A CHOICE OR A DISEASE?
QUESTIONS??
