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49
CONSERVATION PLAN FOR CUMBERLAND HOSPITAL HERITAGE PRECINCT HISTORIAN'S REPORT July 1992
Transcript
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CONSERVATION PLAN FOR

CUMBERLAND HOSPITAL HERITAGE PRECINCT

HISTORIAN'S REPORT

July 1992

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Terry Kass

PERUMAL MURPHY,

WU

PTY Limited

A.C.N. 001 961 806

PLANNERS '

Historian & Heritage Consultant 32 Jellicoe Street Lidcombe N. S. W., 2141 (02) 7494128

In association with Perumal Murphy Wu, Surry Hills

August 1992

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass

CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Historical Development of the Site ...................................................................... 3 3.0 The Site as Network ............................................................................................... 7

1823 ..................................................................................................................... 7 1833 ......................................... : ........................................................................... 7 1861-3 .................................................................................................................. 8 1878 ..................................................................................................................... 8 1895 ..................................................................................................................... 9 1932 ................................................................................................................... 10

4.0 Buildings on the Site - Histories ......................................................................... 11 The building numbers refer to the numbers on the key map ................... 11 1. Main Administration Building: ................................................................... 11 2. Small building near compound gates: .................................................... 11 3. Sandstone wall: ........................................................................................... 11 4. Store: ............................................................................................................. 11 5. Credit Union: ................................................................................................ 12 6. Ward 1 (Hope Hostel): ................................................................................ 12 7. Dining Room: ................................................................................................ 13 8. Storage: ................................. : ....................................................................... 13 9~ North-east extension of Hospital (No 8 Male Ward) : ........................... 13 10. Ha Ha: ......................................................................................................... 14 11. Wards 2 & 3 Male (Spinal range): .......................................................... 14 12. Open shelter shed: .................................................................................... 1 5 13. Criminal Lunatic Block - site only: .......................................................... 15 14. Clerical office: ............................................................................................ 16 15. Kitchen: ....................................................................................................... 16 16. Ward 5 South: .................................................................................... : ....... 17 17. Ward 4 West: ................ : ............................................................................. 17 18. Ward 4 North: ............................................................................................. 18 19. Transport shed: .......................................................................................... 18 20. Walls and urinals: ..................................................... : ................................ 18 21. Female Factory (main range): ................................................................. 18 Additional Material Which Cannot be Related to Particular Buildings ...................................................... '" ................................................... 1 9

Repairs to Female Factory undertaken by Royal Engineers .............................................................................................. 19 Repairs to Lunatic Asylum undertaken at expense of Colonial Treasury ................................................................................. 19 Public Works Expenditure on P~rramatta Lunatic Asylum (only costs related to study site, but not related to specific buildings) ............................................................................................... 20

5.0 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 22 MAPS AND PLANS - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW ................................ 22 MAPS AND PLANS - M ITCH ELL LlBRARy ............................................... 22 MAPS AND PLANS - PUBLIC WORKS DEPT PLANS ROOM ............... 22 MAPS AND PLANS - WATER BOARD HISTORICAL UNIT .................... 23 MANUSCRIPT SOURCES - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW .................... 23 PICTORIAL - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW ................................................ 24 PICTORIAL - MITCHELL LIBRARy ............................................................... 24 OFFICIAL REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS ............................................... 24 NEWSPAPERS ................................................................................................ 25

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass ii

PRINTED BOOKS AND ARTiCLES .............................................................. 25 UNPUBLISHED REPORTS ........................................................................... 25

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This study of the history of the older buildings located within the central administrative complex of Cumberland Hospital was commissioned by Perumal Murphy Wu as part of a conservation plan for the NSW Department of Health on 2 June 1992. It aims to provide an outline of the uses of the site and the evolution of the standing buildings on the site, as well as providing background material relevant to an archaeological assessment of the site.

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Cum berland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 3

2.0 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE

This site became a part of the land surrounding the Government Mill at Parramatta in about 1803 to 1805. This Mill has been identified in previous research as probably being located off the study site. 1

On 9 July 1818, Governor Lachlan Macquarie laid the foundation stone of the Female Factory on this site. It was planned as a replacement for an earlier building (located elsewhere) used for the same purpose.2 The new female factory was completed in 1821. The Parramatta Female Factory was intended to accommodate female convicts who could not be assigned to free settlers. It was eventually used to incarcerate all types of women who needed to be institutionalised. Women fresh from convict transports were held in the Factory prior to assignment to free settlers. Female convicts who had violated the law in the colony were confined there. So were female convicts returned to the government for genuine or imagined misdemeanours whilst on assignment. The sick and infirm were housed in the Factory as well as pregnant convict women, convict women who had recently given birth as well as their children.3

To provide more punitive accommodation for the penal class of inmates in the Factory, construction of a new range of cells outside the existing walls was commenced in June 1838 by the Royal Engineers under Colonel Barney. They were completed in September 1839. The new cell block cost £2736.4

Their design was severely criticised for the manner in which the prisoners in the bottom range of cells, which had been constructed as punishment cells, were deprived of all light. Governor Gipps was castigated in Britain by the Inspectors of H. M. Prisons. In consequence, the Governor lost his discretion over prison design. To alleviate the harshness of the lower range of cells, windows were later cut into the stone walls to allow light to penetrate them.5 On the other hand, the open internal galleries permitting better observation of the cells were a radical departure from previous practice and served as the model for numerous other prisons.6 A high wall and associated outbuildings were also constructed.

With the winding down of convict transportation to New South Wales in the 1840s, the Colonial Government forfeited the services of the Royal Engineers who had been responsible for maintenance, repair and construction work on the Female Factory.7 At the same time, the Colonial Government was also left with an array of male and female former convicts who had become insane or destitute. To house them and any free persons who had also become afflicted

1 Hilary Weatherburn, Historical Analysis of the Artisans' Compound, Fleet Street, North Parramatta, With Consultant Archaeological Services for Public Works Dept, August 1990. 2 M. H. Ellis, Francis Greenway - His Life and Timgs, Sydney, 1973., 98 3 Hilary Weatherburn, 'The Female Factory', in In Pursuit of Justice - Australian Women and the Law 1788-1979, edited by Judy Mackinolty and Heather Radi, Sydney, 1979, 18-30. 4 Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1839, A. O. 4/271, 72 5 James Semple Kerr, Design for Convicts - An account of design for convict establishments in the Australian Colonies during the transportation era, , Sydney, 1984, 106 6 Kerr, Design, 106; See also James Semple Kerr, Out of Sight, Out of Mind - Australia's Places of Confinement 1788-1988, Sydney 1988, 44-6 7 See especially Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1838-57, A. O. 4/270-4/290.

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".

'-

photo shows the m l'al1ge er Female Factory us some of the currently extant buildings now used as store rooms. The photo has been dated as 1887 by the Government Printer - 5 years

after this buildin was demolished.

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-

-- f - -

IlIus 2.0.2 Asylum Entr'ance, 1880s

This photogl-aph which is believed to date from the 1880s, shows the entrance buildings .(c.f. 2.0.5) It also shows part of the Stores building. Sour-ce: ML. SI)F Filed under "Par'ramatta NSW - Hospitals c. 1880s"

J

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Parramatta c. 1883"

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, ,-

Illus 2.0.4 The Central Courtyard, 1888

This photograph, taken by a medical student, shows the dining hall behind Ward No 1 as well as the garden layout and plantings in this

vicinity. Source: R. Bindon Stoney, Photo Album, c. 1888 M. L.PXA 359 -2

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline' Terry Kass 4

with insanity, the government had opened a lunatic asylum at Tarban Creek near Gladesville in 1839.

By the late 1840s, Tarban Creek was nearly full. To relieve the pressure on Tarban Creek, the Colonial Government converted the former Female Factory at Parramatta into a Lunatic and Invalid Asylum in 1848. At first, its inmates were mainly the destitute. Two years later, in 1850, the former Parramatta Female Factory officially became a Lunatic Asylum. The first Surgeon Superintendent, Patrick Hill, was appointed in 1852.1 The first genuine lunatics were received in 1852. During the early 1850s, it continued to cater mainly for the destitute. Any insane inmates which it received tended to be harmless. They included both males and females. At that time, the Parramatta Asylum served mainly to absorb the excess from Tarban Creek.2

Gradually, more intractable patients were sent to Parramatta as Tarban Creek could no longer cope with their numbers. In 1861, there was a radical departure for Parramatta. A new block of cells was built for the criminal insane, i. e. criminal offenders certified as insane at their trial and prisoners who had become insane whilst serving their sentences. Criminal lunatics were housed separately from the rest of the inmates, though some of the more placid spent their days with the other inmates, and the few females certified as criminally insane were generally housed with the other female inmates.

The growing number of insane patients, stemming as much from the growth of population as from the pressures of modern life, placed strains upon the asylums. Over the following decades, additional accommodation was built at Parramatta, and new asylums were opened to house their numbers. In 1869 and 1870, additional accommodation was provided by "temporary" timber buildings at Parramatta and Tarban Creek. At Parramatta, the weatherboard division, as it became known was initially occupied by males. Later, a further range of timber buildings were built at Parramatta to house the females. Additional stone and brick buildings were also built in the central complex, which is the study site. These will be dealt with in detail later. In 1871, the former military barracks at Newcastle became an institution for the insane.

Callan Park was opened for patients in 1884. Yet, accommodation for the insane was still inadequate. At Parramatta, patients who should have been housed in separate rooms were in dormitories, where the restless, noisy, dirty and destructive were all housed with them, causing fights to break out. The Parramatta superintendent remarked, that "the wonder is that more serious accidents have not occurred amongst them [the inmates]".3 The crowding and the state of the existing buildings at Parramatta was so grievous that the Official Visitors took the unprecedented step of addressing a special letter to the Colonial Secretary about the buildings at Parramatta on 10 July 1887.4 To further alleviate the pressure on the existing asylums, in 1888, the former .' Protestant Orphan School at ,Rydalmere was acquired for insane patients and temporarily handed over to the busy superintendent at Parramatta as an "Annex" until new staff could be allocated to Rydalmere.

1 C. J. Cummins, The Administration of Lunacy and Idiocy in New South Wales 1788-1855, No 2, of Australian Studies in Health Service Administration, April 1968, 34. 2 C. J. Cummins,Administration of Lunacy, 35 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report J 188q, 30 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1887, 16

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a some 0 near the central courtyard. Although dated as c. 1900 by the A. 0., the existence of the

old kitchen block in the rear dates this hoto as c. 1894. neral Mental Hos P .... "' .• "'''''"

for the In c. 1 A. O ..... ,"',." ..

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Illus 2.0.8 Across the river, c. 1900

This view shows the main buildings from across the river. Note the kitchen range on the left. A hedge and fence between the buildings prevents the grazing animals from entering the central courtyard.

Source: Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Photographs of Parramatta Hospital for the Insane, c. 1900, A. O. 4/8686

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(

courtyard is ocated near 3 and shows part of the ne y built brick Ward 2

Source: nspector General of Mental pItals, Photographs of Parramatta H ital for the Insane c. 1900 A. O. 4/8686

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 5

From 1894 to 1901, a new asylum was under construction at Kenmore, near Goulburn. At Morisset, an asylum also commenced operation with the completion of its first ward. In 1910, overcrowding at lunatic asylums was alleviated further by the acquisition of the former quarantine station at Stockton and the Inebriate Institution at Rabbit Island in the Hawkesbury River. Temporary housing consisting of canvas huts on timber frames was built at Stockton to alleviate the shortage, followed by fibro walled buildings.1 In 1925, a new hospital was opened at Orange.

With continual stress being placed upon accommodation for inmates, the Parramatta Asylum, expanded physically but suc~ were the needs for accommodation, particularly during the 1860s and 1870s, that many buildings were retained in use long after they had exceeded their lifespan. To alleviate the shortage of wards for patients and to cater for the particular requirements of different types of patient, a wholesale building programme was undertaken at Parramatta from the 1870s onwards. At first, in the 1870s and 1880s temporary weatherboard wards relieved the pressure on existing wards. At the same time, commencing in 1876, virtually all of the earlier structures from the Female Factory were demolished and replaced by modern stone and brick

. buildings. The first range to be built in 1 $76, Wards 2 and 3 Male were immediately hailed as an improvement though F. N. Manning, Inspector General of the Insane, was less than enthusiastic, labelling them as "not conveniently arranged". 2

The next major change was the removal of the females to the newly constructed weatherboard buildings to the north, and the demolition of the main central range of the Female Factory, followed by the re-use of the stones in building No 1 Male Ward, with its tower surmounted by the Female Factory clock. From then until 1905, a series of builders moved through the complex demolishing ever more of the older buildings remaining from the days of t.he Female Factory and replacing them with new structures more attuned to the specific needs of different types of patient.

Whilst the outer areas, particularly the weatherboard division were used to house the quieter and chronic cases, patients needing particular care remained within the central complex. Here were those with special needs, such as the epileptics, housed in Ward 4, built for them in 1889.3 Here were the hospitalised patients, especially the "wet and dirty", i. e. the incontinent, who were housed in a new ward built for them with special drainage and ventilation, attached to the last remnant of the Female Factory. It was completed with great despatch when the ·Colonial Government promised bonuses to the contractor for early completion .4 The male "convalescent & industrious patients" were housed in Ward 1, the ward built using the stones of the former main building of the Female Factory, with views across the river and

1 Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration', NSWPP, 1923, 1,687 2 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, A. O. 4/810.3, p. 4 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1891,19; Plan MH9/46 PWD; PWD, Ann Rep 1892, 41 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1889, 16, 1890, 14; PWD Plans Room, MH9/15 (formerly A 1360), Ward 8 Male, ["Wet & dirty"], Proposed addition, c. 1880s;

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Source: 19026

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 6

parklands. 1 The healing effects of the aesthetic were not ignored. The site of the former Female Factory was laid out as gardens and shrubberies after its demolition.2

The central complex was eventually completed when the old entrance gates to the Female Factory were demolished to be replaced by a new visiting and office block.3 Subsequently, the Criminal Lunatic Ward No. 5 was demolished and a staff car park was placed over its site.4

1 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 30 2 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 16 3 PWD Plans MH9/37, MH9/60, Visiting and Office Block, 3115/1909 4 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1963,18

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Female Factory 1823 SOUl'ce: Harris Papers, Vol 3, M. L. C226

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Female Factory 1833 Source: PRO, MPH 91 (M) Be/278

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 7

3.0 THE SITE AS NETWORK

Over the years, that the site has been in use, first as an institution for housing female convicts, then as an asylum for the destitute and finally as an asylum for the insane, it has undergone changes in the way in which it functioned. By focussing on the surviving plans of the complex, we can see how the place was ordered and how it operated as a tool for managing the insane in a clear administrative fashion.

1823

Drawn shortly after construction of the Female Factory. The Factory is surrounded by a walled compound. The administrative section is located at the entrance, as is housing for the staff and storage facilities. The main accommodation area is located in the central range of buildings. The work houses, domestic facilities and ablution blocks are at the rear near the river.

1833

Administrative structures and stores are at the entrance which has been altered by the addition of further buildings. Part of the range has become a hospital. The arrangement of the buildings reflect the classes into which the females have been divided.

The first class of inmate were those who had recently arrived and had yet to be assigned. They were entitled to better rations, and some privileges1 They used the inner yard, and used a separate dining hall in the main building, separate kitchens, workshops and privies, and, one presumes, separate sleeping quarters.

The second class was a probationary class which women from the third (penal) class traversed on their way to the first class ready for assignment. 2

They also had separate arrangements, and a separate and much larger yard, possibly reflecting their greater numbers.

The third class was the penal class to which all women convicted of crimes in the colony were sentenced.3 It possessed a separate entrance and was sited in a walled enclosure with separate kitchens, workshops, and other facilities. Sleeping quarters were located along one wall, and this building still survives. The separate buildings and enclosure for the penal inmates was built in 1825.4

1 Hilary Weatherburn, 'The Female Factory', 21 2 Hilary Weatherburn, 'The Female Factory', 21 3 Hilary Weatherburn, 'The Female Factory', 21 4 Hilary Weatherburn, Historical Analysis of the Artisans' Compound, Fleet Street, North Parramatta, With Consultant Archaeological Services for Public Works Dept, August 1990. Section 4.0

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IlIus 3.0.4 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum 1863

Source: V & P L AN S W, 1863 •

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass . 8

1861-3

By 1863, the complex was in use as a lunatic asylum. Most of the buildings in use in 1833 were still extant, with notable additions. To the south-west, the female cells built in 1838-9 occupied their own compound built by the Royal Engineers. The Criminal Lunatic Ward completed in 1861 occupied a separate yard at the north-east corner.

As previously, the administrative rooms, residences for officials and stores were clustered near the entrance gate. The yards were apportioned to Females, quiet males, refractory males and invalids. Criminal Lunatics had their own yard. The main accommodation areas were the 1838-9 cells (female lunatics), the main range of the Female Factory (females dormitory, male invalids ward, Ward No 3 Male Lunatics and No 4 Quiet Male Lunatics), and the Criminal Lunatic ward. However, pressure for space had meant that domestic buildings, privies and cesspits at the rear and near the river were now inter-mingled with wards (Male Lunatics Wards No 4 and 5, plus others which are unnamed). At the north-west corner, one of the outhouses was utilised as a pump house.

1878

In 1878, Frederick Norton Manning Inspector General of the Insane, prepared a detailed report on the Parramatta Asylum. If used in conjunction with the Public Works Department plan of July 1880 in the Museum in the Administration building at Parramatta Asylum, it provides a real insight into the workings of the Asylum just before major changes altered the layout and physical fabric of the complex.

The Male division was in two parts in 1878. The "Weatherboard division" built in 1869-70, was used to house the quiet and harmless patients. It was situated to the north of the main complex. Along with the dormitories were the kitchens, stores and ablution facilities. There were no single rooms in those buildings at that stage. 1

The main buildings in the central compound housed both females and some of the males. There are number of yards for the male inmates.

1. Quiet and orderly 2. Sick epileptic and aged 3. Noisy and violent 4 Intermediate. Yard for quiet inmates on female side of asylum. This contained, an aviary, a fountain, and trees. 2 There is a photograph of this yard dated c. 1883, in the Mitchell Library Small Picture File. (See IlIus 2.0.3)

As in 1863, the offices, stores and attendant's quarters were still grouped near the entrance. Similarly, dormitories were located amongst the domestic buildings at the rear and close to the river. The laundry had been moved to a

1 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878,4/810.3, p. 3 2 Ibid, p. 3.

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Parramatta Lunatic Asylum May 1894 This plan, prepared by the Detail Survey Branch of the Department of Public Works, was the manuscript precursor to that published in 1895 as the Parramatta Detail Survey. It gives more detail about the

structures than the published version. Source: Detail Sheets, Water Board Historical Unit

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SHEET N! 42

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Illus 3.0.6 Parramatta Lunatic AsJ1um 1895

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Source: NSW - Dept of Lands, Parramatta Detail Series, M. L. Map M Ser 4/811.130111. Sheet 42

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 9

site alongside the wall around the 1838-9 compound. Female inmates were housed in the old Female Factory. However, there were already detailed plans ready for their removal to a new weatherboard section which would shortly be built. 1 "

The Criminal Asylum was still in its separate compound (No. 5) with two small airing courts and a large yard. 2 Since 1863, the Criminal Yard had been extended northwards, with new buildings along the wall. In 1869, the main criminal cell range had been enlarged lIin a style similar to the original structurell

•3 In 1876, a wide verandah and messroom had been added, as well

as a shed in the new criminal yard.4

Other major changes had occurred. A new two storey wing had been built (Wards 2 and 3) in 1876, with dining rooms, dormitories and single rooms. This had allowed the criminal yard to be extended as well as the "Airing Yardsll on the northern side of the complex.

Despite the new building, F. N. Manning's first report as Inspector General of the Insane, provided a withering candid view of his overall opinion of the complex. In the wake of his overseas tour of the world's asylums, he remarked of Parramatta that IIAs to the general fitness of the Parramatta Asylum as a residence for the insane, I believe it to be, as a whole, the worst in christendom." On a world wide scale, he thought, "I have not seen anything so unsatisfactory and so saddening as Parramatta - except at Cairo. 1I

5

Construction of the new female weatherboard division commenced shortly afterwards It was occupied in 1882 and remained in use long enough to become one of the scandals of Parramatta Asylum. In August 1882, after the female inmates had been moved, approval was granted to demolish the old Female Factory main bUilding.6

1895

By 1895, the two weatherboard divisions for males and females were functional. They occupied a large area north of the main complex.? The Parramatta Detail Sheet provides details of the buildings located upon the site.8 (See lIIus 3.0.6) In addition, the earlier manuscript version of this map provides additional details.9 (See IIlus 3.0.5)

The entrance was still marked by offices, stores, etc, but the rear parts of the complex had been transformed. Residential staff were housed away from this section, in other parts of the Asylum The Female Factory buildings had largely been swept away. To the south-west, the 1838-9 cells had been demolished

1 Ibid, p. 2 2 Ibid p. 4 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1876,9 4 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1&76), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1876, 10 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1883, 16 . 7 NSW - Dept of Lands, Parramatta Detail Series, M. L. Map M Ser 4/811.1301/1, Sheets 42, 65,66, 8 NSW - Dept of Lands, Parramatta Detail Series, M. L. Map M Ser 4/811.1301/1, Sheet 42 9 Detail Survey, Parramatta, Sheet 42, May 1894, Water Board Historical Unit.

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Illus 3.0.7 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum 1932

Source: PWD Plan A 1333

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 10

and whilst the compound around it remained, it was now occupied by a garden, cultivated by the criminal insane. 1 Wards Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 (western section), 5 and the new hospital wing (No 8 male) had been added. The cluster of domestic buildings throughout the rear of the complex had been removed and most of those functions removed into a new kitchen block completed in 1892. The laundry building along the 1838 wall remained, though now used as blacksmith' shop. By now the inner complex was becoming the arena for specialised functions. Here was administration, the Hospital, the epileptic ward, and the wards fo"r the incontinent.

Further details about the layout and fabric of the complex at this time can be seen in a series of photographs taken for the Inspector General of the Insane, about 1900, and included here as Illustrations 2.0.5 to 2.0.9.

1932

By 1932, the complex was essentially in its final form. The array of stores and offices at the front of the complex had been replaced by a new visiting and office block. The laundry along the 1838 wall had been removed. The 1838 walled compound had become the site of the tradesman's workshops. New wards had been added, including No 4 Male (north range) and No 2, (single storey brick extension).

Although the administration block and some specialised functions were located here, many functions had been transferred elsewhere. The Female Hospital was near the weatherboard section. The laundry, the admissions block, the dispensary, matrons, nurses' and superintendent's quarters were elsewhere. The major specialised function which remained in the central section was the kitchen and its associated stores.

1 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1886, 18

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KEY MAP FOR SECTION 4.0 ·1

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 11

4.0 BUILDINGS ON THE SITE - HISTORIES

The building numbers refer to the numbers on the key map I

1. Main Administration Building:

Built 1909 over original front gate of Female Factory Plans1

Designed by W. L. Vernon, NSW Government Architect 1962 New parquetry floor laid2

2. Small building near compound gates:

Shown as "Dead House" on 1880 plan in Museum Shown as Attendant's Office in 1932 plan3

3. Sandstone wall:

Part of perimeter wall of Female Factory, built 1818 to 1821 1840-1 Royal Engineers construct wall around new cell compound [Artisan's Square] at cost of £4234

November 1864 Jabez Lavor of Parramatta signs bond to re-build part of boundary wall5

April 1865 Lavor completed re-building wall. 6 July 1866 Bond signed with William Walton to re-build the boundary wall7 c. 1883 Wall of what seems to be relatively new stonework visible in photograph (llIus 2.0.3)

4. Store:

Part of original Female Factory Built 1818 to 1821 Used as store and Assistant Superintendent's quarters for Female Factory Campbell Report states built by Royal Engineers in 1840s8

1 PWD Plans Room, MH9/37 (formerly A1395) Visiting and Office Block, 31/5/1909, & MH 9160 ~ormerly A 1427)

Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1962, 12) 3 PWD Plan A 1333 4 Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), AO 4/273, 64 5 Letter PWD Out 64/3459, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 6 Note W. C. [William Coles], 4/4/65, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 7 Letter 66/1864, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C 8 Campbell Associates and Hillier Parker, with Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners and Masterplan Consultants Pty Ltd, Asset Management Study of the Sites of Parramatta Hospital, Cumberland Hospital, Marsden Rehabilitation Centre, for NSW Department of HeaJth, January 1989, 51

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Gumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 12

The Returns of the Colony show no buildings or expenditures by Royal Engineers which would match construction of this building though the extensive repairs which they undertook (See below) may have included work on this building1 September 1865 Proposed work for store on "north side" [Credit Union] "similar to that which has been made on the South Side".2 October 1865 Notes by W. C. [William Goles' of PWD] regarding wing on "east side of court" [NB These two are linked together and discuss the same structure]. W. C. notes that it is proposed to raise the wing "to correspond with that recently raised on the west side".3 Part of this building visible in photograph c. 1870s (?)4 (See IlIus 2.0.1) Part of this building visible in photograph c. 1880s. (See IlIus 2.0.2) Part of this building visible in photograph c. 1888. (See IlIus 2.0.4) Part of this building visible in photograph. c. 1900 (See IlIus 2.0.5, 2.0.6)

5. Credit Union:

Part of original Female Factory Built 1818 to 1821 Used as Matron's quarters for Female Factory and for Asylum Later dispensary, store and library 1857 Stores, offices and superintendents quarters re-shingled. Any weak rafters to be strengthened with collar ties5 (May be the set of buildings at entrance gates) October 1865 Notes by W. C. [William Goles of PWD] regarding wing on "east side of court" W. C. notes that it is proposed to raise the wing "to correspond with that recently raised on the west side" to provide better accommodation for dispenser and master attendant.6 .

1876 Contractor has completed and handed over block of buildings with assistant medical officer's quarters, store room for dry goods and dispensary? Part of this building visible in photograph c. 1870s (?)8 (See IlIus 2.0.1) Part of this building visible in photograph. c. 1900 (See IlIus 2.0.5,2.0.6)

6. Ward 1

Plans9

Work progressing rapidly in mid 1883 - using stone from demolished Female Factory10

1 Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1838-57, A. O. 4/270-4/290 2 Report with letter 65/4358, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 3 Notes by W. C. on 65/4358, dated 20/10/65, in Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 4 This photograph is dated as 1887, and shows the Female Factory which was demolished in the mid 1880s. It is more likely to date from the 1870s. 5 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta, Lunatic & Invalid School, 1850, 1857, A. O. 2/643B . 6 Notes by W. C. on 65/4358, dated 20/10/65, in Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. ? Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 8 This photograph is dated as 1887, and shows the Female Factory which was demolished in the mid 1880s. It is more likely to date from the 1870s. 9 PWD Plans Room, MH9/14 (formerly A1355), No. 1 Ward, Proposed additions, c. 1882 (?) 10 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1883, 16

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass

Intended for "convalescent & industrious patients"1 June 1885 block complete and occupied2

Partially over site of old Female Factory

13

Clock tower incorporates clock from Female Factory When new held 101 patients, 15 in single rooms. With day rooms, verandahs, attendants rooms, bathroom, scullery .. Designed to overlook park with a clock­tower3 Used for "convalescent & industrious patients" 4 1886 Painted and decorated5

Plan showing electrical installations 19306

7. Dining Room:

Built with Ward 1 This building visible in photograph c. 1888. (See IlIus 2.0.4)

8. Storage:

Built c. 1825 for worst female inmates of Female Factory Formerly two floors First floor removed and verandah and windows added 1860s Later housed "imbeciles and idiots" Campbell Report states built by R. E. 1840s7

However, the window opel")ings, both open and boarded up, internal spaces and proportions all agree with the 1833 plan in PR08 as shown in later plans especially PWD Plan9

The Returns of the Colony show no buildings or expenditures by Royal Engineers which would match construction of this building10 May be described by Manning in 187811 Press report, Aug 1877 - ward called the "strong room" - "Long low cavern", with 28 beds lighted by a few small barred windows12

9. North-east extension of Hospital (No 8 Male Ward)

Long commentary on getting rid of building for patients with "uncleanly" habits - plans been drawn in 188513

1 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1883,31 2 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 16 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 16 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 30 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1886, 17 6 PWD Plan MH9/80 (formerly A2728), Ward No. 1 Male (Hope Hostel), Measured Drawing, 5/2/1930; See also A. O. Plan 60381 . 7 Campbell Associates and Hillier Parker, with Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners and Masterplan Consultants Pty Ltd, Asset Management Study of the Sites of Parramatta Hospital, Cumberland Hospital, Marsden Rehabilitation Centre, for NSW Department of Health, January 1989, 51 8 PRO, MPH 91 (M), BC 278 9 PWD Plan MH9/15 (formerly A1360), Ward 8 Male, Proposed addition, c. 1880s 10 Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1838-57, A. O. 4/270-4/290 11 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, 4/810.3, p. 4 12 Freeman's Journal, 18 Aug 1877 13 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1886, 15

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 14

Plan at A. O. for this range dated 1888 shown as "Completed"1 1888 Colonial Secretary visited Hospital wards and approved of removal and replacement by buildings for which plans been drawn two years ag02 Plans3 1889 Contract just been taken to carry out work which will last 18 months4 1890 New buildings being pushed ahead, since contractor has special authority from Minister of Public Works for bonus if completed ahead of contract time5

1890 New hospital erected and old one demolished. Already occupied by some patients "who appreciate the change from the gloomy imprisonment of four walls to the bright and cheerful view across the river and the park now obtainable"6 Hospital requires painting and decorating? 1891 New hospital ward and [separate] wing for epileptics is best part of institution8

10. Ha Ha:

West of above Built mid 1880s Filled in 1960s

11. Wards 2 & 3 Male (Spinal range):

1875-6 built to replace did buildings - "commodious and fairly efficient"9 Built as part of male asylum 1876 1876 Large new building completed with dormitory, day room, for 50 patients plus 34 single rooms10 Described by Manning 1878 as substantial but "not conveniently arranged" - 2 large corridors as day rooms, & "fine" dining halP 1 Press report, 18 Aug 1877 - large day-room, dormitory with 50 beds, two levels of cells with 17 in each - used for difficult patients12 Plan showing minor alteration to Ward No 2 c. 187913 Ward No 3 alterations to windows - 1894 14 Part of this bu,ilding visible in photograph. c. 1900 (See IlIus 2.0.9)

1 A. O. Plan 60365 . 2 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1888, 16 3 PWD Plans Room, MH9/15 (formerly A1360), Ward 8 Male, ["Wet & dirty"], Proposed addition, c. 1880s 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1889, 16 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1890, 14 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1890, 25 ? Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1891, 18 8 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1891, 19 9 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1876, 9-10 10 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L A NSW, 1876-7, IV, 898 11 Colonial Secretary Special. Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, 4/810.3, p. 4 12 Freeman's Journal, 18 Aug 1877 13 PWD Plan, MH9/1 (formerly A1328) Alterations, 1879 14 PWD Plans Room, MH9/24 (formerly A1379), Alterations to windows, No. 3 male Ward, 14/6/1894

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass

New toilet facilities c. 1941 1 1960 Work on bathrooms2 1960Additional storage space Male 3 ward3 1960 Pantry Male 2 Ward4

12. Open shelter shed:

15

Statement of account from James Houison, for "work done and material supplied in the erection of a shed 120 feet by 20 ft" for £250/6/1. 5 (The only shed with these dimensions in the 1861-1863 plan is what is now the shelter shed) Believed to have been built c. 1860 as main male dining hall Later retained as shelter shed This was apparently in yard 2 1880-1 at that date, the "day-shed" was given a tar pavement and edged with a brick drain to carry off rainwater6

1881 Turf and flower-beds in yard 2 in good order?

13. Criminal Lunatic Block - site only:

June 1861 Letter from Or Greenup, Medical Superintendant of Asylum about location and design details of cells for criminal lunatics8

Tender of John Cobb and James Bocking of Campbelltown to build criminal lunatic wing for £3088 accepted9

Proposal to build additional storey accepted. Cobb and Bocking to complete for another £125010 Completed and ready to be handed over March 186411 Three storey prison block with two yards Enlarged in 1869 "in a style similar to the original structure"12 1876 Old criminal yard fitted with broad verandah and mess room 13 1876 New criminal yard fitted with a shed 14 Manning noted that it "seems to have been constructed solely with a view to the safe keeping of its inmates"15 Manning describes 1878 as located in a bare, unplanted yard surrounded by a high wall. Building of three stories. Central corridors serve' as day rooms,

1 PWD Plan MH9/47 (formerly B3511) New Sanitary Annexes to Male No 2 & 3 Wards, 14/10/1940 2 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1960, 10 3 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1960, 10 4 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1960, 10. 5 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. Undated but c. 1860-1861 from its position in the bundle of papers. 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1881, 30 ? Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1881, 30 . 8 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 9 Letter 62/2189, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 10 Letter 63/1152, Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 2/618C. 11 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, A. O. 21618C. 12 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1876,9 13 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 14 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 15 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, 4/810.3, p. 1

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 16

with single cells off each side. Wide verandah outside. Attached are attendants sleeping and dining rooms, bathroom and lavatory1 1882 Gardens & grass plots associated with this ward kept in good order2 1882 Asphalting and alteration of small seclusion yards attached3

1883 Recreation shed in inner yard boarded in & floor added4 1885 New bathroom much needed5 1885 Ventilation improved by replacing window glass with wire gratings6 1885 Upper & lower airing courts much improved with grass, etc, animals & birds introduced for pleasure of inmates7 New bathroom and dressing room, day room finally under construction, 1886 8 1886 New bathroom complete9

Proposed alterations 189210 Additions to criminal ward completed in 1893 at cost of £613/8/611 Plans to add timber store in 191612 - This store is shown at corner of building under verandah in MH9/91 PWD Plan 1923 RC into Lunacy laws has photo of interior13 Visible in photograph dated January 1962. 1963 Demolished and staff car park placed over site 14

14. Clerical office:

Plan 1897 15 Built 1897 as patient wards Plan of verandah extensions 193816 Plan of Alterations to observation ward and day room 194517

15. Kitchen:

Plans 189218 Built 1892 as hospital kitchen

1 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, 4/810.3, p. 4 2 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1882, 16 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1882, 18 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1883, 17 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885,36 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885,36 7 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 36 8 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1886,18 9 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1886, 35 10 PWD Plans Room, MH9/19 (formerly A1368), Proposed additions to Criminal Ward, No. 5 Ward, 21/9/1892 11 Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1893-4, 66 12 PWD Plan MH9/55 (formerly A1416), Store, No. 5 Criminal Ward, 3/3/1916 13 'Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration', NSWPP, 1923, Voll 14 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1963, 18 15 PWD Plans Room, MH9/22 (formerly A1377), Proposed additions [No 2 Male Ward], 6/4/1897

16 PWD Plan MH9/119 (formerly B2777) Extension of Verandah No 2 Male Ward, 14/6/1938 17 PWD Plan MH9/138 (formerly C463) Alterations No 2 Male Ward Observation & Day Room, . 25/7/1945 18 PWD Plans Room, MH9/26 (formerly A1375), Kitchen block, 29/8/92

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Illus 4.0.1 Criminal Lunatic Block, Parramatta, 1923

This photograph was used to illustrate the Royal Commission into Criminal Lunacy, a report which was scathing in its criticisms of this

building. Source: 'Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration',

lVSVVPP, 1923, VolI

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Illus 4.0.2 Criminal Lunatic Block, Parramatta, 1923

An interior view of the corridor and sin~le cells. Source: 'Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration',

NSWPP, 1923, Vol I

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 17

1893 New kitchen block with "spacious and lofty kitchen", stores for meat & vegetables, toilets, cook's room and attendants' dining and sitting rooms completed1 1893 kitchen block etc complete at cost of £3545/417. Cooking apparatus being installed2

1893 Fitted with "most modern and convenient cooking apparatus to be obtained in the Colony"3 1950 Plans prepared to remodel main kitchen4 1956 Repairs to bakers oven5

1957 Modernisation of kitchen in progress6

1958 Modernisation of kitchen in progress? 1962 Cool room for dairy products completed [in this block?] 8 Still used as kitchen

16. Ward 5 South:

Shown as "New" on plan of hospital with location of former buildings on site c. 1880s9

Built 1890 to replace earlier buildings of Female Factory on site Some foundations etc remain underneath

17. Ward 4 West:

Plans 188810 Built 1889 Built as wards Basement built as cold store 1891 New wing for epileptics is best part of institution [along with new hospital ward]11 1891 New ward for epileptics finished & occupied12 (See also Plan MH9/46 PWD) 1892 New epileptic ward completed at cost of £5356/14/1 13

1960 Pantry Male Ward 4 14

1 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1893,16 2 Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1893-4, 66 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1893, 25 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1950, 3 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1956, 8 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1957, 12 ? Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1958, 7 8 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1962, 12 9 PWD Plans Room, MH9/15 (formerly A1360), Ward 8 Male, Proposed addition, c. 1880s 10 PWD Plans Room, MH9/11 (formerly A 1359), No 4 Ward, c. 1888, MH9/13 (formerly A 1361), No. 4 Ward, 1888, Plan of proposed addition 11 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1891, 19 12 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1891, 19 13 Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1892, 41 14 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1960, 10

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass

18. Ward 4 North:

Plan of Hospital and day rooms 1901 1

Built 1900 as hospital ward Hospital completed 1901 at cost of £10502

Additions for liNo 4 Wardll completed 1902 at cost of £27063

19. Transport shed:

No data

20. Walls and urinals:

Part of Criminal Lunatic block Manning noted attached urinals etc to Criminal yard 1878.4

18

1884 Plan to convert one half of small yard attached to Criminal division as bath room for wards 3 & 5 and other half into dressing room5

New bathrooms & lavatories not yet built 18856

1885 Bathing arrangements for No 3 Ward not yet built? 1923 RC into Lunacy laws has photos of urinals located on North side of this block8

21. Female Factory (main range):

Approval for demolition, August 1882 - stone to be used in new buildings9

Area laid out as gardens & shrubberies after demolition10

1 PWD Plan MH9/46 (formerly A1405), MH9/47 (formerly A1406) Additions and Alterations to Ward No. 4 Male, 1/6/1901 2 Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1901, 32, 36 3 Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1903, 43 4 Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1878,4/810.3, p. 4 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1884,33 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 17 7 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 30 8 'Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration', NSWPP, 1923, Vol I 9 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1883, 16 10 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1885, 16

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 19

Additional Material Which Cannot be Related to Particular Buildings

Repairs to Female Factory undertaken by Royal Engineers1

1839 £552 (AO 4/271 p. 72)

Oct 1840 £423 (AO 4/273 p. 64)

1841 Water works - constructing and repairs £517 (AO 4/274 p. 108)

1843 £195 (AO 4/275-4/276, p. 130)

1844 £459 (AO 4/277, p. 144)

1845 £ 103 (Aa 4/278, p. 142)

1845 External painting and repairs £70 (AO 4/278, p. 142)

1846 £60 (Aa 4/279, p. 144)

1847 £95 (AO 4/280, p. 148)

1848 £48 (AO 4/281, p. 138)

1849 Now Lunatic & Invalid Establishment £14 & £63 (Aa 4/282, p. 156

1850 Now Lunatic Asylum £62 (AO 4/283 p. 164)

Repairs to Lunatic Asylum undertaken at expense of Colonial Treasury

1850 Alterations etc £196 (AO 4/283 p. 154)

1854 £256 (AO 4/287 p. 184)

1856 £34 (AO 4/289 p. 206)

1857 Alterations, repairs £1131 (AO 4/290 p. 192)

1857 Stores, offices and superintendents quarters re-shingled. Any weak rafters to be strengthened with collar ties 2 (May be the set of buildings at entrance gates)

1 All references to Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1838-57, A. O. 4/270-4/290. 2 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta, Lunatic & Invalid School, 1850, 1857, A. O. 2/643B

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 20

1857 Ridge capping to roof of No 3 Male Lunatic Dormitory added, plus renewal of floor in lobby and staircase (This is the main Female Factory building)1

1866 Wall between IIGreen Yard ll and Female Division taken down and re­built. New closets also built2

Public Works Expenditure on Parramatta Lunatic Asylum (only costs related to study site, but not related to specific buildings)3

1889 £1176 (PWD, 1889,19)

1890 Closets, drainage £402 (PWD, 1890, 26)

1891 Additions £9952 (PWD, 1891, 107)

1 893-4 Alterations & repairs 66)

£1093 ,(PWD, 1893-4,

1895 Additions completed 1894 £2800/2/6 (PWO, 1895, 84)

1896 Repairs

1899 Repairs,

£427 (PWD, 1896, 88)

£201 (PVVD,1899,59)

1900 Repairs & alterations £847 (PVVO, 1900, 63)

1902, Repairs completed 1901, £515 (PVVD, 1902, 35)

Contractor has completed and handed over block of buildings with assistant medical officer's quarters, store room for dry goods and dispensary4

New bathroom added in IImain divisionll with 8 baths5

Large new room added to kitchen6

Gas supply introduced into complex7

Kitchen converted in dining room for attendants and single sleeping rooms for patients8

Airing courts 2 & 3 need new paths and trees need attention since dwarfed from lack of care9

1 Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta, Lunatic & Invalid School, 1850, 1857, A. O. 2/6438 2 Public Works Dept, Correspondence, Parramatta Lunatic Asylum - repairs, 1866, A. O. 2/896A 3 All references to Public Works Dept, Annual Reports, 1889-1911 4 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 5 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN Sw, 1876-7, IV, 898 6 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P L AN S W, 1876-7, IV, 898 7 Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876). V & P L A NSW, 1876-7, IV. 899 8 Inspector General of the Insane. Report. 1883. 16 , 9 Inspector General of the Insane. Report. 1886. 16 '

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Cumberland Hospital - Historic~1 Outline Terry Kass 21

House originally occupied by Asst Superintendent has been altered for Hospital. Bottom floor for offices and workrooms and top as dormitory1

Airing courts have all been coated with tar "the advantages of which are fully appreciated both by patients and attendants during wet weather"2

New dispensary being built and old one converted into dining room for old and feeble females3

Nurses sitting room completed4 (This is probably located in the weatherboard range)

New workshops for carpenter, painter and blacksmith5

Reconstruction of Male sick and infirm ward6

New flower garden in progress?

A number of walls demolished "to emphasize the open ward policy"8

1 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1887, 16 2 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1888,43 3 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1890, 14 4 Inspector General of the Insane, Report ,.1892, 27 5 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1893, 16 6 Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1948, 6 ? Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1960, 11 8 Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1963, 18

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 22

5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

MAPS AND PLANS - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW

Health - Parramatta Psychiatric Centre, Plans of the Centre, 1876-1974, A. O. Plan 60359-60497, X11 08-1118 ( Index to th,ese plans at 8/3047)

Health - Parramatta Psychiatric Centre, Sketches of sewerage and water mains, c. 1920s, in 8/3047 (Plans very general - no great value)

Plan showing the proposed alignment of Factory Street from Fleet Street to the River, Lewis (draftsman), (originally P.714.r) 1859 A . O. Map 4808

MAPS AND PLANS - MITCHELL LIBRARY

Colonial Architect, Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, 1855, VIS/Parr/5

NSW - Dept of Lands, Parramatta Detail Series, M Ser 4/811.1301/1.

MAPS AND PLANS - PUBLIC WORKS DEPT PLANS ROOM

Parramatta Mental Hospital

A 1333, A 1334, Plans of site, Feb 1932

M H9/1 (form erly A 1328) Alterations, 1879

MH9/11 (formerly A1359), No 4 Ward, c. 1888

MH9/13 (formerly A1361), No. 4 Ward, 1888, Plan of proposed addition

MH9/14 (formerly A1355), No. 1 Ward (Hope Hostel), Proposed additions, c. 1882 (?)

MH9/15 (formerly A 1360), Ward 8 Male, ["Wet & dirty"], Proposed addition, c. 1880s

MH9/19 (formerly A1368), Proposed additions to Criminal Ward, No. 5 Ward, 21/9/1892

MH9/22 (formerly A1377), Proposed additions [No 2 Male Ward], 6/4/1897

MH9/24 (formerly A 1379), Alterations to windows, No. 3 male Ward, 14/6/1894

MH9/26 (formerly A 1375), Kitchen block, 29/8/92

MH9/37 (formerly A1395) Visiting and Office Slock, 31/5/1909

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 23

MH9/46 (formerly A1405), Additions and Alterations to Ward No. 4 Male, 1/6/1901

MH9/47 (formerly A1406), Additions and Alterations to Ward No. 4 Male,1/6/1901 .

MH9/55 (formerly A1416), Store, No. 5 Criminal Ward, 3/3/1916

MH9/60 (formerly A1427) Visiting & Office Block, 31/5/1909

MH9171 (formerly A1449), Sewerage diagram, 17/2/1913

MH9/80 (formerly A2728), Ward No. 1 Male (Hope Hostel), Measured Drawing, 5/2/1930

MH9/91 (formerly A274-[last digit cut off print]) Male Division [electrical installation] 6/2/1930

MH9/119 (formerly 82777) Extension of Verandah No 2 Male Ward, 14/6/1938

MH9/47 (formerly 83511) New Sanitary Annexes to Male No 2 & 3 Wards, 14/10/1940

MH9/138 (formerly C463) Alterations No 2 Male Ward Observation & Day Room, 2517/1945

MH9/145 (formerly C948) Extension of Verandah No 3 Male Ward, ~h~6 .

MH9/165 (formerly C3070) Site plan 10/10/1949

MAPS AND PLANS - WATER BOARD HISTORICAL UNIT

Detail Survey, Parramatta, Sheet 42, May 1894.

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW

Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta - Lunatic Asylum, 1856-66, 2/618C

Colonial Architect, Correspondence, Parramatta, Lunatic & Invalid School, 1850, 1857, 2/643B

Public Works Dept, Correspondence, Parramatta Lunatic Asylum - repairs, 1866, 2/896A

Colonial Secretary, Returns of the Colony ("Blue Books"), 1838-57, 4/270-4/290.

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Cumberland Hospital- Historical Outline Terry Kass 24

Colonial Secretary Special Bundles, Report of the Inspector General of Insane on Parra~atta Lunatic Asylum, 1878, 4/810.3

PICTORIAL - ARCHIVES OFFICE OF NSW

Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Photographs of Parramatta Hospital for the Insane, c. 1900, 4/8686

PICTORIAL - MITCHELL LIBRARY

Government Printer Laser Picture Studio (Disks 1 & 2) under:

Cumberland

Parramatta

Small Picture File under:

Parramatta - Hospitals

Parramatta - Public Buildings

Stoney, R. Bindon, Photo Album, c. 1888 PXA 359 -2

OFFICIAL REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1876, V & P L A NSW, 1876-7, IV, 761-775

Inspector General of the Insane, Report, 1881-1918

Inspector General of Mental Hospitals, Report, 1918-1971 (titles vary)

Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, (Report for 1876), V & P LA N S IN, 1876-7, IV, 897-9

Public Works Dept, Annual Reports, 1889-1911

Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1895, V &- PLC NSW, 1896, 11, 457ff

Public Works Dept, Annual Report, 1896, V & PLC NSW, 1897, 11, 553ff

'Report on Lunatic Asylums' by Frederick Norton Manning, V & P L A N S IN, 1868-9, 111,535-749

'Royal Commission on lunacy law and administration', NSWPP, 1923, I, 651-982

'Select Committee on Lunatic Asylum, Parramatta', V & P LA NSW, 1876-7, IV, 791-887

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Cumberland Hospital - Historical Outline Terry Kass 25

NEWSPAPERS

Freeman's Journal

Sydney Morning Herald

PRINTED BOOKS AND ARTICLES

Cummins, C. J. The Administration of Lunacy and Idiocy in New South Wales 1788-1855, No 2, of Australian Studies in Health Service Administration, April 1968.

Ellis, M. H., Francis Greenway - His Life and Times, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1973. '

Garton, Stephen, Medicine & Madness - A Social History of Insanity in New South Wales 1880-1940, New South Wales University Press, Sydney, 1988.

Jervis, James, 'The Mental Hospital, Parramatta', JRAHS, 1933, 191-7

Kerr, James Semple, Design for Convicts - An account of design for convict establishments in the Australian Colonies during the transportation era, Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1984.

Kerr, James Semple, Out of Sight, Out of Mind - Australia's Places of Confinement 1788-1988, S. H. Ervin Gallery & The Australian Bicentennial Authority, Sydney 1988

McDonald, D. I. , ' "This Essentially Wretched Asylum" : The Parramatta Lunatic Asylum 1846-1878' Canberra Historical Journal, Sept 1977,52-69

Weatherburn, Hilary, 'The Female Factory', in In Pursuit of Justice - Australian Women and the Law 1788-1979, edited by Judy Mackinolty and Heather Radi, Hale & Iremonger, Sydney, 1979.

UNPUBLISHED REPORTS

Campbell Associates and Hillier Parker, with Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners and Masterplan Consultants Pty Ltd, Asset Management Study of the Sites of Parramatta Hospital, Cumberland Hospital, Marsden Rehabilitation Centre, for NSW Department of Health, January 1989.

Weatherburn, Hilary, Historical Analysis of the Artisans' Compound, Fleet Street, North Parramatta, With Consultant Archaeological Services for Public Works Dept, August 1990.


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