1AD AD-E402 077 Contractor Report ARAED-CR-90009 (0 ADIABATIC COMPRESSION INITIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID Ln PROPELLANT NITROMETHANE UNDER DYNAMIC FILL CONDITIONS W. R. Herrera N. A. Messina Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, TX 78228-0510 W. 0. Seals ARDEC Project Engineering August 1990 L - U.S. ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER Armament Engineering Directorate us "RMYNe M s"ENT ,UNMOS Plicatinny Arsenal, New Jersey ft CHEMICAL COMMAND ARMAMENT ROE CENTER Approved for public release; distribution is inlimited. Ia
Transcript
1ADAD-E402 077
Contractor Report ARAED-CR-90009
(0
ADIABATIC COMPRESSION INITIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUIDLn PROPELLANT NITROMETHANE UNDER DYNAMIC FILL CONDITIONS
W. R. HerreraN. A. Messina
Southwest Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX 78228-0510
W. 0. Seals
ARDECProject Engineering
August 1990 L -
U.S. ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT ANDENGINEERING CENTER
Armament Engineering Directorate
us "RMYNeM s"ENT ,UNMOS Plicatinny Arsenal, New Jersey
ft CHEMICAL COMMANDARMAMENT ROE CENTER
Approved for public release; distribution is inlimited.
Ia
The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in thisreport are those of the author(s) and should not beconstrued as an official Department of the Army position.policy, or decision, unless so designated by otherdocumentation.
The citation in this report of the names of commercialfirms of commercially available products or systems doesnot constitute official endorsement by or approval of theU.S. Government.
When this report is no longer needed, Department of theArmy organizations will destroy it in accordance with theprocedures given in AR 380-5. Department of the Armycontractors will destroy this report according to therequirements of Section 14 of the Industrial SecurityManual for Safeguarding Classified Information. Allothers will return the report to the Scientific andTechnical Information Branch (SMCAR-IMI-I), U.S. ArmyArmament Research, Development and EngineeringCenter, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000.
6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7e. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION
Southwest Research Institute ARDEC, AED
6c. ADDRESS (CITY, STATE, AND ZIP CODE) 7b. ADDRESS (CITY, STATE, AND ZIP CODE)
Energetics and Warheads Div. (SMCAR-AEE)
San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510 Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000Ba. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Sc. ADDRESS (CITY, STATE, AND ZIP CODE) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT NO. TASK NO. WORK UNIT
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 ELEMENT NO. ACCESSION NO.
11. TITLE (INCLUDE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION)ADIABATIC COMPRESS!ON INITIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID PROPELLANT NITROMETHANEUNDER DYNAMIC FILL CONDITIONS
12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)W.R. Herrera and N.A. Messina, Southwest Research Institute; W. 0. Seals, ARDEC Project Engineer
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (YEAR, MONTH, DAY) 15. PAGE COUNTFinal FROM 3/27/89 TO 8/4/89 August 1990 42
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
17. COSATI CODES .J4 18. SUBJECT TERMS (CONTINUE ON REVERSE IF NECESSARY AND IDENTIFY BY BLOCK NUMBER)
FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Nitromethane, Han-based propellants, Adiabatic compression,TEXS systems. Kinematic viscosity Bubbles,
19. ABSTRACT (CONTINUE ON REVERSE IF NECESSARY AND IDENTIFY BY BLOCK NUMBER)
SwRI used Princeton Combustion Research Laboratories (PCRL) to perform the designated tasks. Based upontheir results of their limited laboratory-scale experiments in the field engineering assessments and preliminaryfindings from TEXS system modeling, PCRL concluded that the use of nitromethane in Tactical Explosive Systemis probably safe. PCRL has also advised that any hazards that may exist can be minimized by taking the followingrecommendations:
1: : Change off-loading nozzle valve to the type that shuts more slowly.
2. Make sure that the 1.5 in. connecting pipe is PE (expandable) and not steel or other heavy walled pipe.
3. Make sure that all valves in the 1.5 in. are wide open types and not constructed of steel.
20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
[] UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED [ SAME AS RPT. [J DTIC USERS UNCLASSIFIED22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (INCLUDE AREA CODE) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL
I. HAZENDARI 201 724-3316 SMCAR-IMI-I
DD FORM 1473, 84 MAR
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
CONTENTS
Introduction
Tasks Performed 2
Conclusion 3
Appendix 5
Distribution List 33
Accession ForNTIS GRA&I
DTIC TABUnnnnouincedJustificatio
Distribution/
is tAvailability CodesjAvail and/or
Dist r Special
II _•I 1+ 1s."ý
INTRODUCTION
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) was contracted under DOD Contract DAAA21-88-R-0021,Delivery Order 0003 to perform the following tasks:
1. Provide data on physical properties of nitromethane that are important in characterizinghydrodynamic surge pressure during dynamic fill processes and in characterizing bubblercollapse processes. Such data includes kinematic viscosity, vapor pressure, gas solubility(N, air), and compressibility. These physical properties are desired at cold and hottemperature extremes (-250F to 126 0F).
2. Conduct theoretical analysis of adiabatic compression phenomenon of bubbles in liquidnitromethane associated with hydrodynamic surge pressure wave in nominal dynamic filloperations by utilizing available experimental data and empirical correlations.
3. Conduct limited essential lab-scale experiments with government-furnished material(GFM) nitromethane sample for confirmation of Item 2 above.
4. Provide preliminary hazards statement based on results of Items 1, 2, and 3 available.This preliminary hazards statement will be refined at the conclusion of the programeffort.
5. Define "Phase II" Program Plan to establish safe operating corridor in multiparameterspace for dynamic fill process of nitromethane, to account for a typical or pathologicalperformance. This must take into account "what if' scenarios to properly answerpersonnel safety concerns.
TASKS PERFORMED
With the concurrence of U.S. Army Armament, Munition and Chemical Command, PicatinnyArsenal, New Jersey, SwRI used Princeton Combustion Research Laboratories (PCRL) to performthe designated tasks. PCRL has key technical personnel, equipment and facilities that were essentialto the proposed study. During the past several years, PCRL has conducted experimental investigationson the sensitivity of liquid propellants to compression ignition. This phenomenon has been identifiedas one of the potential sources of secondary ignition hazard as relates to the TEXS environment.Here we define secondary ignition as any ignition due to sources other than the desired directinitiation. In particular, compression ignition is that secondary ignition arising from hot spotdevelopment associated with bubble collapse under compressive loading of the liquid nitromethanecharge associated with hydrodynamic surge pressure waves. These bubbles may be brought into theTEXS pipeline from fill lines during the prefiring nitromethane dynamic filling process or may beformed by cavitation during the filling process.
The extent to which real fluid effects moderate the bubble dynamics needs to be quantified,especially at temperature extremes. Bubbles in the liquid nitromethane charge may contain reactivevapor or a mixture of permanent gas and vapor.
PCRL has the equipment and instrumentation necessary to characterize the kinematic viscosity,vapor pressure, gas solubility (4 2, air), and compressibility of nitromethane at cold and hottemperature extremes. In those instances where the desired data are available in the literature[government-furnished material (GFM) compendium of nitromethane data], these data will be usedto supplement the PCRL-generated data. PCRL has generated such data in the past on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based liquid monopropellants.
PCRL conducted limited essential laboratory-scale experiments with GFM-furnishednitromethane for confirmning the response to nitromethane to the hydrodynamic surge pressure wavein nominal dynamic fill operations in TEXS application. A specialized dynamic flow fixture isoperational at PCRL for obtaining flow characteristics (volumetric flow rates, water-hammer hydrauliceffects, etc.) at various conditioning temperatures in the range -25"F to 126 0F. A transparent chamberpermits high-speed cinematography of the dynamic flow tests.
PCRL attended program briefing meetings held in Monroe, Louisiana, Yuma, Arizona, andDover, New Jersey, and gave a presentation (Appendix A) in fulfillment of the contractual tasks.
2
CONCLUSIONS
Based upon the results of their limited laboratory-scale experiments, PCRL concluded that theuse of nitromethane in TEXS is probably safe. PCRL has also advised that any hazards that mayexist can be mninimized by taking the following recommendations:
1) Change off-loading nozzle valve to the type that shuts more slowly.
2) Make sure that the 1.5-in. connecting pipe is PE (expandable) and not steel or otherheavy walled pipe.
3) Make sure that all valves in the 1.5-in. pipe are wide open types and not constructed ofsteel.
3
APPENDIX APRESENTATION BY
PRINCETON COMBUSTION RESEARCH LABORATORIES
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DISTRIBUTION LIST
AdministratorDefense Technical Info CenterATTN: Accessions Division (12)Cameron StationAlexandria, VA 22304-6145
HQDA (SARD-TR)Washington, D.C. 20310-0001
CommanderU.S. Army Materiel CommandATTN: AMCDRA-ST5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333-0001
CommanderU.S. Army Laboratory CommandATTN: AMSLC-DLAdelphi, MD 20783-1145
DirectorBenet Weapons LaboratoryArmament RD&E CenterU.S. Army AMCCOMATTN: SMCAR-CCB-TLWatervliet, NY 12189-4050
CommanderU.S. Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical CommandATTN: SMCAR-ESP-LRock Island, IL 61299-5000
CommanderU.S. Army Aviation Systems CommandATTN: AMSAV-DACL4300 Goodfellow Blvd.St. Louis, MO 63120-1798
DirectorU.S. Army Aviation Research and Technology ActivityAmes Research CenterMoffett Field, CA 94035-1099
33
CommanderU.S. Army Missile CommandATTN: AMSMI-RD-CS-R (DOC)Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5010
CommanderU.S. Army Tank-Automotive CommandATTN: AMSTA-TSL (Technical Library)Warren, MI 48397-5000
