ZOOS

SEED GENE BANK

BOTONICAL GARDENS

CRYOPRESERVATION

GENE BANK

In zoos wild animals are maintained in captivity and conservation of wild animals (rare, endangered species). The oldest zoo, the Schonbrumm zoo which exists today also, was established in VIENNA in 1759.In India, the 1st zoo came into existence at BARRACKPORE in 1800. In world there are about 11 00 zoos. Such zoos have about 3000 species of vertebrates. Some zoos have undertaken captive breeding programmes.

Zoological Gardens

These are cold storages where seeds are kept

under controlled temperature and humidity

for storage and this is easiest way to store the germ plasma of plants at low temperature. Seeds

preserved under controlled conditions (minus

temperature) remain viable for long durations of

time.

Seed gene bank

According to the definition of Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) in the International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation (IABGC) (2000), “botanic gardens are institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education.”Botanical gardens should always have complete documentation of their collections, control over plants collected and demonstrate responsible management of their collections.

Botanical garden

Botanical gardens have three main objectives:

The first and best known objective is recreation. Exhibitions, plant sales, picnics under the trees and relaxing in a natural environment are some of the possibilities that botanical gardens offer both residents and tourists.The second very important objective of botanical gardens is education. This includes summer camps for kids, school group tours, interpretation, classes and seminars as well as publications and other ways of sharing information between botanical gardens and horticulture and botany professionals.Finally, gardens have a scientific objective. Gardens have always studied botany, taxonomy and systematic.

This is the newest application of technology for

preservation of biotic parts. This type of conservation is

done at very low temperature (196°C) in liquid nitrogen. The metabolic activities of

the organisms are suspended under low temperature, which are later used for

research purposes.

Cryopreservation

Genetic variability also is preserved by gene bank under normal growing

conditions. These are cold storages where germ plam are kept under controlled temperature and humidity

for storage; this is an important way of preserving

the genetic resources.

Gene bank

Advantages of ex-situ conservation

It is useful for declining population of species. Endangered animals on the verge of extinction are successfully breeded.Threatened species are breeded in captivity and then released in the natural habitats.Ex-situ centres offer the possibilities of observing wild animals, which is otherwise not possible.It is extremely useful for conducting research and scientific work on different species.

CASE STUDYBeej Bachao Andolan (Save the Seeds Movement)

This movement began in the Himalayan foot- hills. The members have collected seeds of diverse crops in Garhwal.

The movement has successfully conserved hundreds of local rice varieties, rajma, pulses, millets, vegetables, spices

and herbs. Many different varieties are being grown as an been supported by local women’s groups who felt these varieties were better than those pro- vided by the green revolution. In contrast, men who were interested in cash returns in a short time found it difficult to appreciate the

benefits of growing indigenous varieties.

Difference between Ex-Situ & In-situ

In-SituConservation in natural environment itself.Ex: National parks , sanctuaries , etc.

Ex-SituConservation in an artificially created environment.Ex: zoos , botanical gardens , gene banks , etc.

Thank you

All for one and one for all , keep BIODIVERSITY or our future may FALL!!!