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Adjective Morphosyntax

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    The Word Formation Of English Adjectives Trhough Derivation

    A. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –al1 !rutal

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[brute]N + [-al]suf#]Adj= [brutal ]/ / ̍bru .ːt ə l/

    &honologicall# $ule

    Meaning : cruel, vi lent and c !"letel $it% ut feelings

    &'a!"le : (e %ad "resided ver a brutal regi!e in $%ic% t% usands f "e "le %ad )disa""eared).

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' (onversational"nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[c nversati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [c nversati nal ] / 0̩ n.v1ɒ s̍e .ɪ ʃ ən. əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[c nversati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : relating t r li0e a c nversati n

    &'a!"le : a c nversati nal st le f $riting

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    * Educational

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[educati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [educati nal]/ / e̩d.jʊ 0̍e .ɪ ʃ ən. ə l/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[educati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : "r viding educati n r relating t educati n

    &'a!"le : 3educing t%e si4e f classes !a i!"r ve educati nal standards.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 56

    + ,overnmental

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[g vern!ent]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [g vern!ental]/ g̩ v.ʌ ə! ̍m en.t əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[g vern!ent]N + [-al]suf#]AdjMeaning : bel nging r relating t g vern!ent r t%e g vern!ent

    &'a!"le : 7e a$ait a g vern!ental decisi n ab ut t%e future f t%e "r gra!!e.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    - .nstitutional

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[instituti n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [instituti nal]/ /ˌ nɪ t .st ɪ̍ tju .ː ʃ ən. əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[instituti n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : relating t an instituti n

    &'a!"le : 8%e % s"ital "r vides t "icall a$ful instituti nal f d

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    / (ritical

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[critic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj= [clinical]/ / 0̍r t. .0ɪ ɪ əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[critic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : sa ing t%at s !e ne r s !et%ing is bad r $r ng

    &'a!"le : 8%e re" rt is highl# critical of safet standards at t%e fact r

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9

    0 (linical

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    *[#[clinic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj=[critical]/ 0̍l n. .0ɪ ɪ əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[clinic]N + [-al]suf#]AdjMeaning : describes !edical $ r0 r teac%ing t%at relates t t%e e'a!inati n and treat!ent f ill

    "e "le

    &'a!"le : clinical tests/training

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    2ogical

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[l gic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [l gical]/ /ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[l gic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : a l gical c% ice/c nclusi n

    &'a!"le : tudents need t%e abilit t c nstruct a l gical argu!ent.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd

    editi n 6 2

    3 4usical

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[!usic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj=[!usical]/ / !̍ju .ː4 .0ɪ əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[!usic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : related t r c nnected $it% !usic

    &'a!"le : !usical instruments

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6;2

    15 Original

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    *[#[ rigin]N + [-al]suf#]Adj

    &honologicall# $ule

    / /ǝ : [/1)r d in/]N + [-al]suf#]Adjɪ ʒ

    3-6 /i/ > / / ǝ : [1)r d 1n/]N + [-al]suf#]Adjɪ ʒ?ut"ut : [ riginal/ 1)r d 1nl/]ɪ ʒ

    Meaning : e'isting since t%e beginning, r being t%e earliest f r! f s !et%ing

    &'a!"le : @s t%is t%e riginal fire"lace

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9

    B. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix6a7le1 (ounta7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[c unt] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [c untable]/ / 0̍a n.t1.bl/ʊ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[c unt] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : a c untable n un can be used $it% )a) r )an) and can be !ade "lural

    &'a!"le : An e'a!"le f a c untable n un is )table), and an e'a!"le f an unc untable n un is)! ne ).

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 22

    ' Detacha7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[detac%] + [-able]suf#]Adj=[detac%able] /dɪˈtætʃ.ɪ.bl /

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[detac%] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : able t be detac%ed

    &'a!"le : a detac%able c llar/% d

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    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    * Eata7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[eat] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [eatable] /ˈ

    .t1.bl /

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[eat] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes f d t%at is g d en ug% t eat, t% ug% n t e'cellent

    &'a!"le : t%e a""le in t%e refrigerat r is eatable

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    + Enjo#a7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[enj ] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [enj able]/ /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bl /

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[enj ] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : An enj able event r e'"erience gives u "leasure

    &'a!"le : a ver enj able ga!e/fil!

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    - Forgiva7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[f rgive] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [f rgivable] /fəˈgɪv.ə.bl /

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[f rgive] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at u are able t f rgive because u understand it

    &'a!"le : a f rgivable !ista0e

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

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    / 2i8ea7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[li0e] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [li0eable] / l̍a .01.bl /ɪ /

    &honologicall# $ule*[#[li0e] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes a "ers n $% is "leasant and eas t li0e

    &'a!"le : (e)s a ver li0eable s rt f bl 0e

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    0 2oc8a7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[l c0] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [l c0able]/ / l̍ 0.1.bl /ɒ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[l c0] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : t%at can be l c0ed

    &'a!"le : All ur suitcases are l c0able B= can be l c0edC

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6 2

    Taxa7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[ta'] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [ta'able] / t̍D0.s1.bl /

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[ta'] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : @f s !et%ing is ta'able, u !ust "a ta' n it

    &'a!"le : ta'able income

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    3 4anagea7le

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[!anage] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [!anageable] / !̍Dn. .d 1.bl /ɪ ʒ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[!anage] + [-able]suf#]Adj Meaning : eas r " ssible t deal $it%

    &'a!"le : 8%e $ r0 %as been divided int s!aller, ! re !anageable secti ns.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6E

    15 4ar8eta7le

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[!ar0et] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [!ar0etable] / !̍ ɑ .ː0 .t1.bl /ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[!ar0et] + [-able]suf#]Adj

    Meaning : Mar0etable "r ducts r s0ills are eas t sell because a l t f "e "le $ant t%e!

    &'a!"le : 8%is is a %ig%l !ar0etable "r duct.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6E2

    ( The Formation of English Adjectives with the suffix –ary1 &arliamentar#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#["arlia!ent]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj= ["arlia!entar ] / ̩"ɑ .ːlɪ̍ !en.t ər.i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#["arlia!ent]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : f r relating t a "arlia!ent

    &'a!"le : a parliamentary candidate/debate/election/session parliamentary procedures/rules

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    ' !udgetar#

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[budget]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj=[budgetar ] / ̍b d . .tri/ʌ ʒ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[budget]n + [-ar ]suf#]adjMeaning : budgetar c nstraints

    &'a!"le : ! car is budgetar t be s ld

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * &lanetar#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#["lanet]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj=["lanetar ] /ˈplæn.ɪ.tər.i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#["lanet]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : relating t "lanets

    &'a!"le : "lanetar science/! ti n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    + $eactionar#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[reacti n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj = [reacti nar ] /riˈD0. ʃ ən. ər.i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[reacti n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : a "ers n $% is "" sed t " litical r s cial c%ange r ne$ ideas

    &'a!"le : 3eacti naries are "reventing ref r!s

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E

    - Stationar#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [#[stati n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj ) [stati nar ] /ˈsteɪ.ʃən. ər.i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[stati n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : n t ! ving, r n t c%anging

    &'a!"le : a stati nar car/train

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    D. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ed 1 Attached

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[attac%]v + [-ed]suf#]adj ) [attac%ed] /1 t̍Dt t/ ʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[attac%]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : t li0e s !e ne r s !et%ing ver !uc%

    &'a!"le : 8%e c%ildren are ver attac%ed t t%eir grand"arents.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65

    ' (ollected

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c llect]v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [c llected] /01 l̍e0.t d/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c llect]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : br ug%t t get%er in ne b 0 r series f b 0s

    &'a!"le : (is c llected " e!s $ere "ublis%ed in 26;

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    * (ommited

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [#[c !!it]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[c !!itted] /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c !!it]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : l al and $illing t give ur ti!e and energ t s !et%ing t%at u believe in

    &'a!"le : a c !!itted s cialist/ %ristian/teac%er

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    + Elevated

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[elevate]v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [elevated] / e̍l. .ve .t d/ɪ ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[elevate]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : %ig% r i!" rtant

    &'a!"le : %e % lds a ! re elevated " siti n in t%e c !"an

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55

    - Em7arrassed

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[e!barrass]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[e!barrassed]/ / !ɪ ̍bDr.1st/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[e!barrass]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : feeling as%a!ed r s%

    &'a!"le : %e felt e!barrassed a7out undressing in fr nt f t%e d ct r.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    / Em7ittered

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[e!bitter]v + [-ed]suf#]adj ) [e!bittered] /ɪmˈbɪt.əd/

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    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[e!bitter]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : ver angr ab ut unfair t%ings t%at %ave %a""ened t u

    &'a!"le : 8%e ign red all %er "leas and s%e beca!e ver e!bittered.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    0 Extended

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[e'tend]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[e'tended] /ɪkˈsten.dɪd/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[e'tend]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : l ng r l nger t%an usual

    &'a!"le : 8%e )re g ing n an e'tended % lida t Australia

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    &rofessed

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#["r fess]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=["r fessed] /"r1 f̍est/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#["r fess]v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : describes a belief $%ic% s !e ne %as !ade 0n $n

    &'a!"le : %e is a "r fessed ! narc%ist.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    3 $elaxed

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[rela']v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [rela'ed] /r ɪ̍ lD0st/

    &honologicall# $ule

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    [#[rela']v + [-ed]suf#]adj

    Meaning : feeling %a"" and c !f rtable because n t%ing is $ rr ing u

    &'a!"le : %e see!ed rela'ed and in c ntr l f t%e situati n.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E

    E. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ic1 Aesthetic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[aest%ete]N + [-ic] uf#]Adj = [aest%etic]/ /es F̍et. 0/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[aest%ete]N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : relating t t%e enj !ent r stud f beaut

    &'a!"le : 8%e ne$ building %as little aest%etic value/a""eal.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' Acro7atic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[acr bat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[acr batic]/ /ˌD0.r1 ̍bDt. 0/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[acr bat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : inv lving r able t "erf r! difficult and attractive b d ! ve!ents

    &'a!"le : an acr batic lea" int t%e air

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * Alcoholic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[alc % l] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj= [alc % lic]/ /ˌDl.01ˈ% l. 0/ɒ ɪ

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    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[alc % l] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : c ntaining alc % l

    &'a!"le : uld @ %ave s !et%ing n n-alc % lic, li0e range juice, "lease

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    + Antagonistic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [antag nist] N + [ic] uf#]Adj=[ antag nistic] /ænˌtæg.əˈnɪs.tɪk/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [antag nist] N + [ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : activel "" sing r s% $ing unfriendliness t $ards s !et%ing r s !e ne

    &'a!"le : (e)s e'tre!el antag nistic towards all critics.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    - Artistic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [artist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[artistic] /ɑː t̍ s.t 0/ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [artist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : relating t art

    &'a!"le : t%e artistic direct r f t%e t%eatre

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    / !asic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [base] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[basic]/ / ̍be .s 0/ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

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    [# [base] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : "r viding t%e base r starting " int fr ! $%ic% s !et%ing can devel "G si!"le and n tc !"licated

    &'a!"le : @ reall need t get s !e basic financial advice

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9

    0 Democratic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [de! crat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[de! cratic] / d̩e!.1 0̍rDt. 0/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [de! crat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : based n t%e "rinci"les f de! crac

    &'a!"le : 7e !ust acce"t t%e results f a de! cratic electi n B= an electi n in $%ic% all "e "lecan v teC

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    Fatalistic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [fatalist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[fatalistic] / f̩e .tɪ əlˈ s.t 0/ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [fatalist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : Heing fatalistic ab ut ur c%ances $ill d n g d.

    &'a!"le : are u fatalistic $it% ur j b

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    3 2inguistic

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [linguist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[linguistic] /lɪŋˈg ɪs.tɪk/

    &honologicall# $ule

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    [# [linguist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : c nnected $it% language r t%e stud f language

    &'a!"le : @)! "articularl interested in t%e linguistic devel "!ent f ung c%ildren.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    F. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ing 1 A7iding

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [abide]I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[abiding] /1 ̍ba .d J/ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [abide]I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes a feeling r !e! r t%at u %ave f r a l ng ti!e

    &'a!"le : M abiding memor# is f %i! $atering %is "lants in t%e garden.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' A7sor7ing

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [abs rb] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[abs rbing] /əbˈ!ɔː.bɪŋ/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [abs rb] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at is ver interesting and 0ee"s ur attenti n

    &'a!"le : @ read %er last n vel and f und it ver abs rbing.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * Adjoining

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [adj in] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[adj ining] /1 d̍ .n J/ʒɔɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [adj in] I + [-ing] uf#]AdjMeaning : near, ne't t , r t uc%ing

    &'a!"le : 7e as0ed f r adj ining r !s.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    + !affling

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [baffle] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj= [baffling] /ˈbæf.lɪŋ/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [baffle] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning :c nfusing, feeling c nfused

    &'a!"le : @ f und $%at %e $as sa ing c !"letel baffling

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 62

    - !ecoming

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [bec !e] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[bec !ing] /b ɪ̍ 0 !. J/ʌ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [bec !e] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes s !et%ing attractive t%at suits t%e "ers n $earing r d ing it

    &'a!"le : 8%at)s a ! st bec !ing dress, ! dear

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    / (hilling

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [# [c%ill] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[c%illing] / t̍ l. J/ ʃɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [c%ill] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : frig%tening

    &'a!"le : 8%e ! nu!ent stands as a c%illing re!inder f !an)s in%u!anit t !an

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E

    0 Degrading

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [degrade] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[degrading] /dɪˈgreɪ.dɪŋ/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [# [degrade] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : causing "e "le t feel t%at t%e %ave n value

    &'a!"le : .t is s degrading to %ave t as0 f r ! ne

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    Demanding

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [de!and] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[de!anding] /d ɪ̍ ! ɑ nː.d J/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    Meaning : needing a l t f ti!e, attenti n r energ

    &'a!"le : %e)s a ver de!anding c%ild.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    3 Em7arrassing

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [# [e!barrass] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[e!barrassing] /ɪmˈbær.ə.sɪŋ/

    &honologicall# $ule

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    [# [e!barrass] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : !a0ing u feel e!barrassed

    &'a!"le : an e!barrassing situati n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    , The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ive

    1 Affirmative

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    *[#[affir!]I + [-ive] uf#] Adj =[affir!ative 9 /1 f̍ ɜ .ː!1.t v/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    *[#[affir!]I + [-ive] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : relating t a state!ent t%at s% $s agree!ent r sa s ) es)

    &'a!"le : an affir!ative ans$er/res" nse

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' (ollective

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c llect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj=[c llective] /01 l̍e0.t v/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c llect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : f r s%ared b ever !e!ber f a gr u" f "e "le

    &'a!"le : a c llective decisi n/eff rt

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * (onductive

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [#[c nduct]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):conductive9 /01n d̍ 0.t v/ʌ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c nduct]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes a substance t%at all $s %eat r electricit t g t%r ug% it

    &'a!"le : Alu!iniu! is a c nductive !etal

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    + (orrective

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c rrect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):corrective9 /kəˈrek.tɪv/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c rrect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : intended t i!"r ve a situati n

    &'a!"le : c rrective !easures/acti n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    - Defective

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[defect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):defective9 /d ɪ̍ fe0.t v/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[defect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at %as a fault in it and d es n t $ r0 c rrectl

    &'a!"le : defective brakes

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    / Digestive

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[digest]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):digestive9 /d a ɪ̍d es.t v/ʒ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[digest]I + [-ive] uf#]AdjMeaning : relating t t%e digesti n f f d

    &'a!"le : t%e digestive "r cess

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    0 Dismissive

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[dis!iss]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):dismissive9 /d ɪ̍ s! s. v/ɪ ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[dis!iss]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : s% $ing t%at u d n t t%in0 s !et%ing is $ rt% c nsidering

    &'a!"le : (e)s s dis!issive of an b d else)s suggesti ns

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 62

    Effective

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[effect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):effective9 /ɪ̍ fe0.t v/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[effect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : successful r ac%ieving t%e results t%at u $ant

    &'a!"le : @t)s an e'tre!el effective cure f r a %eadac%e

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    3 Elective

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[elect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):elective9 /ɪˈlek.tɪv/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[elect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : v ted f r r c% sen

    &'a!"le : an elective ffice

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    15 Exhaustive

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[e'%aust]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ) :exhaustive9 / gɪ 4̍ɔ .ːst v/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[e'%aust]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj

    Meaning : c !"lete r t% r ug%

    &'a!"le : an e'%austive stud /re" rt

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    H. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ish1 !a7#ish

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[bab ]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ) [bab is%] / ̍be .bi. /ɪ ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[bab ]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : nl suitable f r a bab

    &'a!"le : 8%e lder c%ildren f und t%e t s t bab is%.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' ,houlish

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[g% ul]N + [-is%] uf#]Adj= [g% ulis%] / g̍u .ːl /ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[g% ul]N + [-is%] uf#]AdjMeaning : ugl and un"leasant, r frig%tening

    &'a!"le : g% ulis% faces

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    * .m%ish

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[i!"]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ):im%ish9 /ˈ !." /ɪ ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[i!"]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : s% $ing a c%ild)s "leasure in being "la ful and !a0ing tr uble

    &'a!"le : At sevent , %e still retains %is i!"is% grin.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 66

    + ;ittenish

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[0itten]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj =[0ittenis%] / 0̍ t.ɪ ən. /ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[0itten]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : describes a $ !an $% be%aves in a "la ful, sill $a , es"eciall as a $a fattracting se'ual attenti n

    &'a!"le : @ li0e t%e $ !an $% is 0ittenis%

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65

    - Oafish

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [#[ af]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ): afis%9 / 1̍ .f /ʊ ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[ af]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : li0e r t "ical f an afG B f a "ers n, es"eciall a !anC stu"id, rude r a$0$ard

    &'a!"le : afis% be%avi ur

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 99

    / Owlish

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[ $l]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ) : $lis%] / a̍ .l /ʊ ɪʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[ $l]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : A "ers n $% is $lis% %as a r und face, usuall $ears glasses, and l 0s seri us andintelligent

    &'a!"le : (e $as an $lis% figure, sitting in t%e c rner f t%e librar .

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    0 &alish"nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#["ale]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ): "alis%] /ˈpeɪ.lɪʃ/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#["ale]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj

    Meaning : Kuite "ale

    &'a!"le : 8%e s0 $as a "alis% blue.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    I. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ful 1 Artful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

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    [#[art]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [artful] / ɑ̍ tː.f əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[art]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : clever and s0ilful, es"eciall in getting $%at u $ant

    &'a!"le : (e %as s% $n %i!self t be an artful " litician

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    ' !eautiful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[beaut ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj=[beautiful] / ̍bju .ːt .fɪ əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[beaut ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : ver attractive

    &'a!"le : breat%ta0ingl beautiful scener

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * $ightful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[rig%t]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ):rightful9 /ˈr"ɪt.fəl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[rig%t]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : A rig%tful " siti n r clai! is ne $%ic% is ! rall r legall c rrect

    &'a!"le : L n)t f rget t%at @ a! t%e rig%tful owner f t%is % use

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    + (olorful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c l r]n + [-ful]suf#]adj=[c l rful] / 0̍ l.1.fʌ əl/

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    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c l r]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : %aving brig%t c l urs r a l t f different c l urs

    &'a!"le : a c l urful "ainting

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    -

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    [#[j ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : ver %a""

    &'a!"le : %rist!as is suc% a j ful ti!e f ear.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6 2

    2awful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[la$]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [la$ful] /ˈlɔː.fəl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[la$]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : all $ed b t%e la$

    &'a!"le : udge eenan c ncluded t%at t%e surveillance %ad been la$ful.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65E

    3 Successful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[success]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [successful 9 /s10 ̍ses.f əl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[success]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

    Meaning : a c%ieving t%e results $anted r % "ed f r

    &'a!"le : a successful "erati n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55

    15 Wonderful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[$ nder]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [$ nderful] /ˈ %n.də.fəl/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[$ nder]n + [-ful]suf#]adj

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    Meaning : e'tre!el g d

    &'a!"le : (e)s a $ nderful c 0

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    J. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –less1 !ottomless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[b tt !]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [b tt !less] / ̍b t.1!.l1s/ɒ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[b tt !]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : $it% ut a li!it r end

    &'a!"le : 8%e gener sit f t%e l cal "e "le is b tt !less.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55

    ' !aseless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[base]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [baseless] /ˈ

    be .sl1s/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[base]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : n t based n facts

    &'a!"le : %e assured !e t%at ! fears $ere baseless.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6

    * !oundless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[b und]n + [-less]suf#]adj= [b undless] / ̍ba nd.l1s/ʊ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[b und]n + [-less]suf#]adj

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    Meaning : %aving n li!it

    &'a!"le : b undless "ti!is!

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    + (areless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[care]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [careless] / 0̍e1.l1s/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[care]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : n t ta0ing r s% $ing en ug% care and attenti n

    &'a!"le : M s n)s teac%er sa s t%at %is $ r0 is ften rat%er careless.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E

    - (olorful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c l r]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [c l rless] / 0̍ l.1.l1s/ʌ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c l r]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : %aving n c l ur

    &'a!"le : 7ater and glass are c l urless.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    / Faithless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[fait%]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [fait%less] / f̍e F.l1s/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[fait%]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : n t fait%ful se'uall t ur !arriage "artner r usual se'ual "artner

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    &'a!"le : a fait%less %usband

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;

    0 Flawless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[fla$]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [fla$less] /ˈ&ɔː.ləs/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[fla$]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : "erfect r $it% ut !ista0es

    &'a!"le : a fla$less c !"le'i n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;E

    ,roundless

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[gr und]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [gr undless] / g̍ra nd.l1s/ʊ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[gr und]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : $it% ut cause

    &'a!"le : M fears turned ut t be gr undless

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E

    3

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    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 22

    15 $emorseful

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[re! rse]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [re! rseless] /rɪˈmɔː.sləs/&honologicall# $ule

    [#[re! rse]n + [-less]suf#]adj

    Meaning : severe and s% $ing n sadness r guilt

    &'a!"le : re! rseless cruelt /vi lence

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E;

    K. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ly1 !eastl#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[beast]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [beastl ] / ̍bi sː t .li/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[beast]n + [-l ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : un0ind r un"leasant

    &'a!"le : 7% are u being s beastl to !e

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    ' (owardl#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c $ard]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [c $ardl ] / 0̍a .1d.li/ʊ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c $ard]n + [-l ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : 8%is $as a "articularl brutal and c $ardl attac0.

    &'a!"le : 8%e are guilt f a c $ardl failure t address t%e "r ble!

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    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * (ostl#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[c st]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [c stl ] /ˈ

    0 sɒ t .li/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[c st]n + [-l ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : e'"ensive

    &'a!"le : a c stl ite!

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    + Deadl#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[dead]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [deadl ] / d̍ed.li/

    &honologicall# $ule

    Meaning : li0el t cause deat%

    &'a!"le : a deadl virus

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    - Dail#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[da ]n + [-l ]suf#]adj=[dail ] /ˈdeɪ.li/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[da ]n + [-l ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : %a""ening n r relating t ever da

    &'a!"le : 8a0e t%e tablets t$ice dail .

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

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    /

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    3 Sisterl#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[sister]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [sisterl ] /ˈsɪs.təl.i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[sister]n + [-l ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : feeling r be%aving li0e a sister

    &'a!"le : @ felt Kuite sisterl t $ards %i!, but @ c uldn)t !arr %i!

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    L. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –y1 Air#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[air]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [air ] /ˈeə.ri/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[air]n + [- ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : $it% a l t f lig%t and s"ace

    &'a!"le : 8%e ne$ ffices are lig%t and air .

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

    ' !ush#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[bus%]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [bus% ] / ̍b .i/ʊʃ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[bus%]n + [- ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : describes %air r fur t%at is ver t%ic0

    &'a!"le : a sKuirrel)s bus% tail

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

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    * !ree>el#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[bree4e]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [bree4 ] /ˈbriː.!i/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[bree4e]n + [- ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : $it% $ind t%at is Kuite str ng but "leasant

    &'a!"le : @t $as a bree4 da , just rig%t f r sailing

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 52

    + (raft#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[craft]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [craft ] / 0̍r ɑ fː.ti/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[craft]n + [- ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : clever, es"eciall in a dis% nest r secret $a

    &'a!"le : @)ve %ad a craft idea f r getting r und t%e regulati ns

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9

    - ,uilt#

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[guilt]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [guilt ]/ g̍ l.ti/ɪ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[guilt]n + [- ]suf#]adj

    Meaning : feeling guilt

    &'a!"le : @ feel s guilt a7out f rgetting %er birt%da .

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2

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    /

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    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#["lu!e]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) ["lu!! ] / ̍"l !.i/ʌ

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#["lu!e]n + [- ]suf#]adjMeaning : describes a l $ v ice r $a f s"ea0ing using l ng v $els, f a t "e t% ug%t t be

    t "ical f t%e Hritis% u""er s cial class

    &'a!"le : a "lu!! v ice

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    4 The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –en

    1 !arren

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[bare]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [barren] / ̍bDr. ən/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[bare]n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : unable t "r duce "lants r fruit

    &'a!"le : 7e dr ve t%r ug% a barren, r c0 landsca%e .

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5

    ' !eaten

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[beat]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [beaten] / ̍bi .ːt ən/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[beat]n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : describes g ld r an t%er !etal t%at %as been !ade flat b %aving been %it re"eatedl$it% a %ard bject

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    &'a!"le : %e $as $earing a nec0lace f beaten g ld.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    * !lac8en

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[blac0]n + [-en]suf#]adj= [blac0en] / ̍blD0. ən/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[blac0]n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : t bec !e blac0 r t !a0e s !et%ing bec !e blac0

    &'a!"le : 8%e f lds f t%e curtains $ere blac0ened with dirt.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd

    editi n 2

    + !ro8en

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[br 0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [br 0en] / ̍br1 .0ʊ ən/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[br 0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : d a!aged, n l nger able t $ r0

    &'a!"le : (e attac0ed t%e !an $it% a br 0en b ttle.

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n

    - 4ista8en

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[!ista0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [!ista0en] /! ɪ̍ ste .0ɪ ən/

    &honologicall# $ule

    [#[!ista0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : $r ng in $%at u believe, r based n a belief t%at is $r ng

    &'a!"le : @)! afraid @ $as !ista0en a7out % $ !uc% it $ uld c st.

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    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6;

    / Waxen

    "nderl#ing $e%resentation

    [#[$a']n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [$a'en] /ˈ æk.s ən/&honologicall# $ule

    [#[$a']n + [-en]suf#]adj

    Meaning : describes a face t%at %as "ale s%in s0in and d es n t l 0 %ealt%

    &'a!"le : a $a'en c !"le'i n

    urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 522


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