Date post: | 01-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | raga-manduaru |
View: | 232 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
1/102
Adolescent IssuesRaga Manduaru
1061050135
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
2/102
WHO Age GroupClassifcations
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
3/102
Adolescent age 10-19 out! age 15-"# oung people age 10-"#
oung Adolescents age 10-1#
Age classifcations
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
4/102
$efned %C!ild& as indi'iduals in t!e ( 10)ears age group
Child
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
5/102
C!ildren are particularl) 'ulnera+le tomalnutrition and inectious diseases,an) o. /!ic! can +e eecti'el)prevented or treated
Child
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
6/102
Preterm +irt!, +irt! asphyxia and inections
cause most newborn deaths
Pneumonia illed an estiated 12" illionc!ildren under t!e age o. f'e )ears /orld/ide
An estiated two million children under 15years o. age are li'ing /it! HI, and e'er) da)more than 1!!! are newly inected "mother#child#transmission$
Child Health%s &acts
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
7/102
WHO defnes Adolescents4 as indi'iduals in t!e 1!#
1' years age group
One in e'er) f'e people in t!e /orld is an adolescent, and 5 o. t!e li'e
in de'eloping countries
7O8: 8!e ter )oung people4 is used to denote t!ose +et/een 10 and "#)ears
Adolescents
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
8/102
;ndergoes a
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
9/102
“it is a period of risk: a period when health problems that have serious immediate
consequences can occur or when problem
behaviours that could have seriousadverse efects on health in the future
are initiated .”
$epartent o. C!ild and Adolescent Healt! and $e'elopent
=CAH> World Healt! Organi?ation
Adolescents
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
10/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
11/102
World Healt! Organi?ation =WHO>
%)#* ramewor( 8o strengt!en t!e adolescent !ealt! andde'elopent
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
12/102
8!e )#* ramewor( currentl) uses t/oprograatic:
12 HI pre'ention, care and support o.t!ose /it! HB
"2 Dre'enting early pregnancy andpregnanc)-related ortalit) and or+idit)2
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
13/102
Adolescent
Healt!
pideiolog)
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
14/102
1+ 15, o emale deaths were caused bymaternal conditions
-+ 11, o deaths were due to HI.AI/* andtuberculosis
32 1# o. ale and 5 o. .eale deat!s resulted .rotra0c accidents
#2 1" o. ale deat!s resulted .ro violence
52 6 o. all deat!s resulted rom suicide
$ata .ro:!ttp:EE///2/!o2intEaternalFc!ildFadolescentEepideiolog)EadolescenceEenEinde2!tl
Adolescent ortality
http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.html
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
15/102
8!ats /!), an) national seual andreproducti'e !ealt! =*2H> and HI programmes highlight adolescents asreuiring specifc attention2
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
16/102
8!e reasons .or frst seual intercourse cited/ereIlo'e, curiosit) and inJuence o. peers2
8!e a o. adolescents /!o !a'e!ad se did it /it!out using condos21
1 World Healt! Organi?ation2 Healt!related Milleniu $e'elopent Goals "0052 Gene'a2=!ttp:EE///2/!o2intE e d i a c e n t r e E . a c t s ! e e t s E . s " 9 0 EenEinde2!tl,accessed 30 Octo+er "006>2
*exual Activity inAdolescent
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
17/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
18/102
8!e number o sexually active malestudents in !ig! sc!ool !ad increased .ro 2 in 199@ to ""29 in 1999
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
19/102
Kased on data .ro 2is(esda -!1! a+outseual acti'it) in age 10-"# )ears old
Bt s!o/ed t!at t!ere is a 025 percent /oen!a'e !ad frst seual intercourse at t!eage o. )ears, and 021 percent in en
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
20/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
21/102
Dre-aritalEunarried pregnancies are notappro'ed o. +) societ)
Pregnancy andChildbearing
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
22/102
Anot!er sur'e)- in 3a(arta reportedthat "3 o. students aged 15-19 and62" aged "0-"# ne/ o. at least one
.riend /!o !ad eperienced one pre-arital pregnanc)24
- Laarta arriage 'alues and seualit) sur'e) o. !ig! sc!ool and uni'ersit) students, 199#-95, citedin Adolescent and out! Reproducti'e Healt! in Bndonesia: tatus, Bssues and Dolic) Drograes,
Dolic) Dro
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
23/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
24/102
16 o. /oen +egin c!ild+earing +) t!eage o. 1
"5 o. /oen !a'e !ad a +a+) +) t!e age19
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
25/102
oung ot!ers are ore liel) to suer .rose'ere coplications during deli'er) /!ic!results in !ig!er or+idit) and ortalit) .or +ot!t!esel'es and t!eir c!ildren2
Adolescents tend to !a'e a !ig!er aternalortalit) ratio =MMR> t!an older /oen2
2is( and Complications
Dregnanc) and C!ild+earing
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
26/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
27/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
28/102
Mot!ers age at +irt! can aect a c!ildsc!ances o. sur'i'al2
Hig! neonatal and in.ant ortalit) rates .or+irt!s to ot!ers aged under "0 ascopared /it! +irt!s to older /oen2=seefgure >
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
29/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
30/102
A+ortion is pro!i+ited in Bndonesia, ecept /!en itis necessar) to sa'e a /oans li.e2
Hig! aount o. DrearitalEunarried pregnanc)can lead t!e possi+ilit) o. a+ortion
Abortion
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
31/102
stiated #2" illion a+ortions per.oredeac! )ear in out!east Asia:
N 123 illion in ietna and ingapore
N between 45!!!! to 1+5 million in Indonesia
N +et/een 155,000 to @50,000 in t!e D!ilippines
N +et/een 300,000 and 900,000 in 8!ailand
6orld Health 7rgani8ation"6H7$
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
32/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
33/102
ro t!e pre'ious ta+le, it s!o/s t!at,incidences o. miscarriage or abortion occur higher in the reproductive agegroup younger and live in urban areas+
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
34/102
MOPB7G,
$RB7PB7G, A7$; O $R;G
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
35/102
8o+acco soing is associated /it! a2
*mo(ing
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
36/102
"00@ BARH, a dail) soer is defned assoeone /!o is a current smo(er andsmo(ed at least one cigarette in the -)hours preceding t!e sur'e)2
*mo(ing
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
37/102
8a+le @2" s!o/s t!at soing starts earl):a$ -9 percent o women and -1 percent o
en started to soe +e.ore 13 )ears
+> a slig!t I:C2;A*; especiall) .or /oen
copared /it! t!e "00"-"003 BARH fndings=1@ and 19 percent, respecti'el)>2
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
38/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
39/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
40/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
41/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
42/102
$ata .ro t!e "001 7ational House!old Healt!ur'e) =7HH> .ound t!at t!e pre'alence o.current drin(ers aong people age 10 andolder is < percent, ormer drin(ers is 4
percent, and lietime abstainers is '!percent2
A=C7H7= /2I:>I:?
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
43/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
44/102
Dercentage o. )oung /oen who have neverconsumed alcohol decreased .ro 9 percentin "00"-"003 to 9# percent in "00@2
or /oen, t!e percentage increased .ro "
percent to # percent, or en .ro 1 percent to "0 percent
&igure 4+< Compares Alcohol /rin(ing in @he-!!-#-!!< IA2H* with the -!!4 IA2H*
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
45/102
$rug user is soeone /!o taes drugs,suc! as ganja, putau, or shabu-shabu, that
people can use for fun or to get high.
/rug Bse
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
46/102
Kased on,DRA8;RA7 DMRB78AH RD;KQBPB7$O7BA 7OMOR #0 8AH;7 "013
878A7G
DQAPA7AA7 ;7$A7G-;7$A7G 7OMOR 35 8AH;7 "009 878A7G 7ARPO8BPA
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
47/102
?at atau o+at )ang +erasal dari tanaan atau+uan tanaan, +ai sintetis aupun
seisintetis, )ang dapat en)e+a+anpenurunan atau peru+a!an esadaran, !ilangn)a
rasa, engurangi sapai eng!ilangan rasan)eri, dan dapat eni+ulan etergantungan2
:ar(oti(a
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
48/102
@ypes o :arcotic
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
49/102
Kased on,;ndang-;ndang 7oor 5 ta!un 199@ tentang
psiotropia Dasal 1
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
50/102
?at atau o+at, +ai alaia! aupun sintetis+uan narotia, )ang +er!asiat psioati.
elalui pengaru! seleti. pada susunansara. pusat )ang en)e+a+an peru+a!an
!as pada ati'itas ental dan perilau
Psi(otropi(
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
51/102
@ypes o Psychotropic
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
52/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
53/102
8a+el @2@ s!o/s t!at si percent o. en age15-"# reported !a'ing used drugs, andalost all o. t!e soed t!e drug2
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
54/102
pideiolog)
and Dre'entionConcepts
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
55/102
12 Concepts o. disease and !ealt!"2 7atural Histor) o. $isease
32 Qe'els o. Dre'ention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
56/102
Concepts o disease and health
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
57/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
58/102
;xample
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
59/102
7atural !istor) o. disease re.ers to t!eprogress o. a disease proces in an indi'idualo'er tie, without intervention+
:atural history o disease
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
60/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
61/102
8!e process +egins /it! eposure to oraccuulation o. .actors capa+le o. causingdisease
6ithout medical intervention, t!eprocess ends /it! reco'er), disa+ilit), or
deat!
:atural history o disease
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
62/102
.our coon stages t!at ost diseaseani.ests:
tage o. susceptilit) tage o. pres)ptoatic disease
tage o. clinical disease tage o. diinis!ed capacit)
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
63/102
8!e disease has not yet developed, +utt!e !ost is suscepti+le due to t!e presenceo ris( actors+
aples: !ig! seru c!olesterol,
!)pertension, a sedentar) li.est)le, anddia+etes increased ris o. de'elopingcoronar) !eart disease
*tage o susceptility
*tage o presymptomatic
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
64/102
$isease process !as +egun, +ut no overtsigns or symptoms are evident to thehost+
Incubation period, tie +et/een t!e
in'asion o. an in.ectious agent t!e development o. t!e frst signs or
s)ptos o. t!e disease
*tage o presymptomaticdisease
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
65/102
stage in t!e !istor) o. a pat!ologiccondition t!at begins with anatomic orphysiologic changes t!at are suScient toproduce recogni8able signs and
symptoms o. a disease2
*tage o clinical disease
*tage o diminished
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
66/102
C!aracteri?ed +) con'alescent period or aresidual disa+ilit) =prolonged coplications>
Reco'er), disa+ilit), or deat!
*tage o diminishedcapacity
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
67/102
8!e .our le'els o. pre'ention are:12 priordial pre'ention
"2 priar) pre'ention
32 secondar) pre'ention and
#2 tertiar) pre'ention
=evels o prevention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
68/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
69/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
70/102
Consists o. actions to inii?e .uture!a?ards to !ealt! and !ence in!i+it t!eesta+lis!ent .actors =en'ironental,econoic, social, +e!a'ioural, cultural>
no/n to increase t!e ris o. disease
Primordial prevention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
71/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
72/102
8!ere is good e'idence t!at tobaccoconsumption can be reduced bytaxation and increased prices =seeigure 625>
;xample
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
73/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
74/102
8!e purpose o. priar) pre'ention is toliit t!e incidence o. disease +) controllingspecifc causes and ris .actors2
Primary Prevention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
75/102
Driar) pre'ention strategies ep!asi?e:
12 ris .actor reduction
"2 ot!er !ealt! protecti'e easures
32 !ealt! education
#2 !ealt! prootion progras
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
76/102
12 iuni?ation against counica+lediseases
"2 c!lorination and fltration o. pu+lic /atersupplies
32 8a+le 623 copares +ot! approac!es to t!epre'ention o. dia+etes and o+esit)
;xamples
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
77/102
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
78/102
ais to reduce t!e ore seriousconseuences o. disease t!roug! earl)diagnosis and treatent2
*econdary Prevention
d i
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
79/102
Can +e applied onl) to diseases in /!ic! t!enatural !istor) includes an earl) period/!en it is easil) identifed and treated, sot!at progression to a ore serious stage
can +e stopped
*econdary prevention
* d i
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
80/102
t/o ain reuireents .or a use.ul secondar)pre'ention prograe are
1+ *ae, and
-+ Accurate et!od o. detecting t!e disease
*econdary prevention
; l
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
81/102
aograp!) .or +reast cancer detection e)e tests .or glaucoa t!e Dap test .or cer'ical
concrete +reat! test .or Helico+acterp)lori, t!e Drostate-pecifc Antigen=DA> test .or
prostate cancer
;xamples
; l
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
82/102
igure 62 s!o/s an association +et/eenscreening rates and reductions in thedeath rate rom cervical cancer inselected Canadian pro'inces in t!e 19@0s2
;xample
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
83/102
@ ti ti
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
84/102
is aied at reducing the progress orcomplications o established disease and is an iportant aspect o. therapeuticand rehabilitation medicine
@ertiary prevention
@ ti ti
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
85/102
reduce ipairents reduce disa+ilities inii?e suering
@ertiary prevention
; l
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
86/102
12 treatent o. dia+etics to pre'entcoplication o. t!e disease
"2 t!e anageent o. c!ronic !eart diseasepatients /it! edication, diet, eercise,and periodic eaination
32 ipro'ing .unctioning o. stroe patientst!roug! re!a+ilitation +) occupational
and p!)sical t!erap), nursing care,speec! t!erap), etc
;xamples
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
87/102
Bnfdelit)
I fd lit
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
88/102
Ha'ing se /it! anot!er indi'idual out o.t!e relations!ip2 =Ha'ing aair>
Infdelity
I fd lit % & t
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
89/102
A ne/ stud) co-aut!ored +) ;C Kerele)researc!ers !as .ound t!at t!e rate o HItransmission due to infdelity is higher thanpreviously thought+ "sexual transmitteddiseases *@/$
8!e stud) .ound t!at out-o.-couple se accounted.or "@ to 61 percent o. all HB transissions inen and "1 to 51 percent in /oen2
Infdelity%s &act
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
90/102
Researc!ers .ound t!at )oung en are ostliel) to +e inected rom infdelity /!ile)oung /oen are ore liel) to +einected beore entering a stable
partnership "extramarital $
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
91/102
oung people adopt ris) +e!a'iours andare o.ten poorly inormed about theirbodies sexuality and theconseuences o unprotected sex+
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
92/102
O'erall, IA2H* -!!4, # percent o. /oen and @@percent o. en sa) t!at t!e) !a'e !eard o. AB$
2esult
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
93/102
8!e percentage is lower than that romIA2H* -!!-#-!!
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
94/102
Driar) pre'entionsecondar) pre'entions
Preventions
Primary preventions
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
95/102
Bn priar) pre'ention t!e ai is to pre'entt!e acuisition o. in.ection and disease2
8!is can +e done +) prooting:
N sa.er seual +e!a'iourT
N t!e use o. condos .or penetrati'e seualacts
Primary preventions
*econdary intervention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
96/102
8!e acti'ities s!ould include:12 prootion o. !ealt! care
"2 support and counselling ser'ices .or +ot!8$ and HB patients
*econdary intervention
InterventionsD aims and
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
97/102
7u+er o. strategies .or reducing eposureto 8$, including:
increased condo use
reduction in partners creening treatent
outcomes
Driar)pre'ention
econdar)pre'ention
tertiar)pre'ention
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
98/102
eual +e!a'iour a) +e inJuenced +) a nu+ero. personal and structural %deterinants o. ris
including:12 el.-estee
"2 ills in using condos
32 ills to negotiate sa.er se
#2 Pno/ledge a+out t!e riss o. dierent seual+e!a'iours
52 A'ai+ilit) o. seual ser'ices =condo, etc>
How to deliver
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
99/102
$eli'ered at dierent %le'els:12 Bndi'idual =partner notifcation, ris
counselling>
"2 Group =group /or, sc!ool se education>
32 Counit) =counit) de'elopent,capaigns>
#2 ocio-political =legislation, resource
allocation,pro.essional de'elopent>
Interventions E
/atar Pusta(a
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
100/102
Dage RM, Cole G, 8irec 8C2 Kasicpideiological Met!ods, and Kiostatistics2 A
Dractical Guide+oo2 Lones and Karlett Du+lis!er:
Koston, Qondon, 19952
Green, Q2 CQ Andersen2 19"2 Counit) Healt!2
#t!d2 t2 Qouis: C22 Mos+)
Keagle!ole2 Kasic pideiolog)2199"
/atar Pusta(a
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
101/102
Risesdas "00@ dan Risesdas "010 !ttp:EE///2/!o2intEaternalFc!ildFadolescentEep
ideiolog)EadolescenceEenEinde2!tl
;7$A7G-;7$A7G 7OMOR 35 8AH;7 "009
878A7G 7ARPO8BPA
;ndang-;ndang 7oor 5 ta!un 199@ tentang
psiotropia Dasal 1
http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/adolescence/en/index.html
8/9/2019 Adolescent Issues- Raga Manduaru
102/102
$epartent o. C!ild and Adolescent Healt! and$e'elopent =CAH> World Healt! Organi?ation2trengt!ening t!e !ealt! sector response toadolescent !ealt! and de'elopent2 World Healt!Organi?ation "009
WHOE;7AB$2 euall) transitted diseases:policiesand principles .or pre'ention and care
Bndonesia oung Adult Reproducti'e Healt! ur'e)2"00@2 Ministr) o. Healt!2 Laarta, Bndonesia
Adolescent Healt! at a Glance in out!-ast AsiaRegion "00@2 WHO: Regional OSce .or out!-astAsia