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ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

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ADULT LEARNING ADULT LEARNING Faculty of Medicine University Faculty of Medicine University of Sriwijaya of Sriwijaya (FAMOUS) (FAMOUS)
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Page 1: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

ADULT LEARNINGADULT LEARNING

Faculty of Medicine University of SriwijayaFaculty of Medicine University of Sriwijaya

(FAMOUS)(FAMOUS)

Page 2: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono
Page 3: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

ObjectivesObjectives

Backgrounds for adult learningBackgrounds for adult learning Characteristic of adult learnerCharacteristic of adult learner Motivate the adult learnerMotivate the adult learner The ways of being adult learnerThe ways of being adult learner

Page 4: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Key QuestionsKey Questions

Why should I be as adult learner ?Why should I be as adult learner ? What is adult learner ?What is adult learner ? What is adult learner look like ?What is adult learner look like ? How to be an adult learner ?How to be an adult learner ? What should I do as adult learner ?What should I do as adult learner ?

Page 5: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

A storyA storyA Medicine man with MDA Medicine man with MD

John Capsul,MDJohn Capsul,MD; is a clever doctor, his “IPK” is ; is a clever doctor, his “IPK” is more than 2,5 when graduated from “FAMOUS” in 7 more than 2,5 when graduated from “FAMOUS” in 7 years.years.Now, he work in a very isolated island that can be Now, he work in a very isolated island that can be reach after 2 days journey from a very isolated town.reach after 2 days journey from a very isolated town.All people come to him for care cause there is no All people come to him for care cause there is no alternative, so that he got a lot of patient.alternative, so that he got a lot of patient.After 10 years, he already rich, but know he also be a After 10 years, he already rich, but know he also be a medicine manmedicine man with MD. Why ??? with MD. Why ???What ever the diseases, what ever the symptoms the What ever the diseases, what ever the symptoms the medicine only : AB & PCTmedicine only : AB & PCT

Page 6: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Your storyYour story

Buying a new Branded-Hand phoneBuying a new Branded-Hand phone

What do you do first ?What do you do first ?

………………

………………

Page 7: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Why should I be as adult learner?Why should I be as adult learner?

Page 8: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Why should I be as adult learner?Why should I be as adult learner?

In medical profession, there are specialist even In medical profession, there are specialist even sub-specialist !! sub-specialist !! Why ? Why ? Medical science is a huge, deep, and very Medical science is a huge, deep, and very

complicated sciencecomplicated science Medical science always developed and Medical science always developed and

dynamically changed in every daydynamically changed in every day Medical science is combination of art and science Medical science is combination of art and science

that a lot of variation in every partsthat a lot of variation in every parts

Page 9: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Why should I be as adult learner?Why should I be as adult learner?

Is it possible to be learnt completely in only 6-Is it possible to be learnt completely in only 6-7 years ?7 years ?

Is there any guarantee that what I already learnt Is there any guarantee that what I already learnt will not be change in the following time ?will not be change in the following time ?

Page 10: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

What is adult learning ?What is adult learning ?An adult learn some thingAn adult learn some thing ! !An adult learn :An adult learn :

- Because he must learn for his own goal !- Because he must learn for his own goal !- Base on experience !- Base on experience !- Best by doing - Best by doing

Example:Example:An adult learning how to drive a car :An adult learning how to drive a car :

- Goal : He want to be a good driver- Goal : He want to be a good driver- Experience : He realize that, car different with cycle- Experience : He realize that, car different with cycle- Doing : He learn by trying to drive- Doing : He learn by trying to drive

Result : Result : He know how to drive a car and he can do itHe know how to drive a car and he can do it

Page 11: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

What is adult learners look-like ?What is adult learners look-like ?

Characteristics of adult learners:Characteristics of adult learners:1.1. Autonomous and self-directedAutonomous and self-directed2.2. Accumulated a foundation of life experience Accumulated a foundation of life experience

and knowledgeand knowledge3.3. Goal-orientedGoal-oriented4.4. Relevancy-orientedRelevancy-oriented5.5. PracticalPractical6.6. Looking for respectLooking for respect

Page 12: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

AUTONOMOUS & SELF-DIRECTEDAUTONOMOUS & SELF-DIRECTED Free to direct your selfFree to direct your self Actively involve in the learning processActively involve in the learning process Have a perspective about topicsHave a perspective about topics Work on projects base on your interestsWork on projects base on your interests Teachers only as facilitators guiding your Teachers only as facilitators guiding your

own knowledge rather than supplying the own knowledge rather than supplying the factsfacts

Page 13: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

Foundation of life experiences & knowledgeFoundation of life experiences & knowledge Work related activityWork related activity Relies on prior knowledge & experienceRelies on prior knowledge & experience Draw out your experience & knowledge which is Draw out your experience & knowledge which is

relevant to the topicsrelevant to the topics Relate theories & concepts to the learningRelate theories & concepts to the learning

Page 14: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

Goal-orientedGoal-oriented Appreciate the programsAppreciate the programs Goals & objectives must be known earlyGoals & objectives must be known early Pursues accuracy rather than speedPursues accuracy rather than speed

Page 15: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

Relevancy-orientedRelevancy-oriented Must see a reason for learning somethingMust see a reason for learning something Choose the applicable to your work/ Choose the applicable to your work/

responsibilitiesresponsibilities

Example:Example:

Choose the projects that reflect your own Choose the projects that reflect your own interestsinterests

Page 16: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

PracticalPractical Focus on a lesson most useful to your goalFocus on a lesson most useful to your goal Makes immediate application of learningMakes immediate application of learning Ask the teachers to explain explicitly how the lesson will Ask the teachers to explain explicitly how the lesson will

be usefulbe useful

Page 17: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Characteristics of Adult LearnerCharacteristics of Adult Learner

Looking for respectLooking for respect Should be treated as equals in experience and knowledgeShould be treated as equals in experience and knowledge Voice your opinions freely in classVoice your opinions freely in class

Page 18: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

How to be an adult learnerHow to be an adult learnerMOTIVATIONMOTIVATION Escape/stimulationEscape/stimulation

Break in the routine lifeBreak in the routine life Social relationshipsSocial relationships

New friends, need for associationsNew friends, need for associations External expectationsExternal expectations

Fulfill the expectation/recommendationsFulfill the expectation/recommendations Social welfareSocial welfare

Improve ability to serve mankind/community, participate in Improve ability to serve mankind/community, participate in community workcommunity work

Personal advancementPersonal advancement Higher status/job, professional advancement, richHigher status/job, professional advancement, rich

Cognitive interestCognitive interest Sake of learning, seek knowledge, satisfy an inquiring mindSake of learning, seek knowledge, satisfy an inquiring mind

Page 19: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Barrier or StimulantBarrier or Stimulant

Time/schedulingTime/scheduling MoneyMoney ConfidenceConfidence InterestInterest InformationInformation Expected Expected

Promotion, job Promotion, job enrichment, job changesenrichment, job changes

Enrolling your Enrolling your motivationsmotivations

Decrease the barriers !!!Decrease the barriers !!!

Page 20: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

What should I do as adult learner ?What should I do as adult learner ?

Page 21: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

1. Taking responsibilities1. Taking responsibilities

Don’t say !! : “OK, teach me”Don’t say !! : “OK, teach me”

Begin with perceptive questionsBegin with perceptive questions : :- What are the goals of this lesson ?What are the goals of this lesson ?- How do these goals relate to my own goal ?How do these goals relate to my own goal ?- How can we adapt my practice on these course How can we adapt my practice on these course

relevant to my goals ?relevant to my goals ?- How can we use the resources available ? (Library, How can we use the resources available ? (Library,

internet, etc)internet, etc)

Answer by your selfAnswer by your self !! !!

Page 22: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

2. Making connections2. Making connections- Seek & make connections betweenSeek & make connections between : :

- Previous experience/knowledge to a new onePrevious experience/knowledge to a new one- Theory-theoryTheory-theory- Theory-practiceTheory-practice- Theory-practice-opinion-valueTheory-practice-opinion-value

- Identify my own learning needIdentify my own learning need- Know what already knowKnow what already know- Know what we still have to learnKnow what we still have to learn

Page 23: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

3. Planning3. Planning

Identify what is impeding & take step to Identify what is impeding & take step to overcome the obstacleovercome the obstacle

How best to use the timeHow best to use the time How best to apply our effortHow best to apply our effort Interested in deadlineInterested in deadline Be a good manager for our own stepBe a good manager for our own step

Page 24: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

3. Planning3. Planning

Tips : 6 Ps of preparation :Tips : 6 Ps of preparation :

1.1. Preparation timePreparation time

2.2. Prepare the environmentPrepare the environment

3.3. Program flexibilityProgram flexibility

4.4. Proactive readinessProactive readiness

5.5. Platform skillsPlatform skills

6.6. Practice, practice, Practice, practice, practicepractice

Page 25: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

4. Strategic Learning4. Strategic Learning

Know how we learn best & seek out these Know how we learn best & seek out these ways of learningways of learning

Take a deep approach to learningTake a deep approach to learning Make our own sense of what we are learningMake our own sense of what we are learning

We know what we have to do We know what we have to do Even be a surface learner if necessaryEven be a surface learner if necessary

Practice make perfect Practice make perfect

An adult learn best by doingAn adult learn best by doing

Page 26: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

4. Strategic learning4. Strategic learning

People rememberPeople remember … … 10% of what they READ10% of what they READ 20% of what they HEAR20% of what they HEAR 30% of what they SEE30% of what they SEE 50% of what they SEE & HEAR50% of what they SEE & HEAR 70% of what they SAY70% of what they SAY 90% of what they DO90% of what they DO

Page 27: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

5. Monitoring progress5. Monitoring progress

Interested in receiving feed back from tutor/teacherInterested in receiving feed back from tutor/teacher Interested in talking to other students about your workInterested in talking to other students about your work Self evaluate on your own workSelf evaluate on your own work

Page 28: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Always questioningAlways questioning

Where are we know ?Where are we know ? Where do we begin ?Where do we begin ? What should we do ?What should we do ?

Page 29: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Bloom & Gagne Bloom & Gagne TaxonomyTaxonomy

Page 30: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

BELAJARBELAJAR

Aliran Aliran tingkah lakutingkah laku, menekankan pada , menekankan pada hasilhasil proses proses

belajar.belajar.

Aliran Aliran kognitifkognitif, menekankan pada , menekankan pada prosesproses belajar. belajar.

Aliran Aliran humanistikhumanistik, menekankan pada , menekankan pada isi atau apaisi atau apa yang yang

dipelajari.dipelajari.

Aliran Aliran sibernetiksibernetik, menekankan pada , menekankan pada sistem informasi sistem informasi yang yang

dipelajaridipelajari

Page 31: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

GAGNE (1979) Pembelajaran atau sistem instruksional adalah GAGNE (1979) Pembelajaran atau sistem instruksional adalah

suatu set peristiwa yang mempengaruhi peserta didik sehingga suatu set peristiwa yang mempengaruhi peserta didik sehingga

terjadi suatu proses terjadi suatu proses belajar.belajar.

Yang digerakkan oleh pengajar disebut pengajaranYang digerakkan oleh pengajar disebut pengajaran

Yang digerakkan oleh peserta didik dengan Yang digerakkan oleh peserta didik dengan

menggunakan buku, atau media lain.menggunakan buku, atau media lain.

Baik digerakkan oleh pengajar atau peserta didik harus Baik digerakkan oleh pengajar atau peserta didik harus

terencana sistematis.terencana sistematis. Kegiatan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan Kegiatan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan

sehari-hari disebut pengalaman.sehari-hari disebut pengalaman.

Page 32: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Belajar ada tujuan. Pendidikan ada tujuan.Belajar ada tujuan. Pendidikan ada tujuan.

Bloom (1956) mengklasifikasi tujuan Bloom (1956) mengklasifikasi tujuan

pendidikan menjadi tiga kawasan, yaitu pendidikan menjadi tiga kawasan, yaitu Kawasan Kawasan kognitifkognitif, berkenaan dengan ingatan atau , berkenaan dengan ingatan atau

pengenalan terhadap pengetahuan dan pengembangan pengenalan terhadap pengetahuan dan pengembangan

kemampun intelektual dan keterampilan berpikirkemampun intelektual dan keterampilan berpikir

Kawasan Kawasan afektif, afektif,

Kawasan Kawasan psikomotorpsikomotor

Page 33: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Gagne (1985) mengemukakan tiga Gagne (1985) mengemukakan tiga capabilities capabilities manusia sebagai hasil belajar kognitif, yaitu manusia sebagai hasil belajar kognitif, yaitu keterampilan intelektual (keterampilan intelektual (intellectual skills)intellectual skills), , informasi verbal (informasi verbal (verbal informationverbal information), dan strategi ), dan strategi kognitif (kognitif (cognitive strategycognitive strategy).).

Selain kognitif, ada dua hasil belajar lain, yaitu Selain kognitif, ada dua hasil belajar lain, yaitu keterampilan gerak (psikomotor), dan sikap keterampilan gerak (psikomotor), dan sikap ((attitudesattitudes). Kawasan yang terakhir ini sering juga ). Kawasan yang terakhir ini sering juga disebut kawasan sikap atau tingkah laku.disebut kawasan sikap atau tingkah laku.

Page 34: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Kawasan kognitif ada enam jenjang/hirarki, yaitu (C1-Kawasan kognitif ada enam jenjang/hirarki, yaitu (C1-6)6)

Pengetahuan,Pengetahuan, Pemahaman,Pemahaman, Aplikasi,Aplikasi, Analisis,Analisis, Sintesis,Sintesis, Evaluasi.Evaluasi.

Jenjang awal merupakan prasyarat untuk mencapai Jenjang awal merupakan prasyarat untuk mencapai jenjang berikutnya.jenjang berikutnya.

Page 35: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Metacognitive ThinkingMetacognitive Thinking

MetamemoryMetamemory. This refers to the learners' . This refers to the learners' awareness of and knowledge about their own awareness of and knowledge about their own memory systems and strategies for using their memory systems and strategies for using their memories effectively. memories effectively.

Metamemory includes (a) awareness of Metamemory includes (a) awareness of different memory strategies, (b) knowledge of different memory strategies, (b) knowledge of which strategy to use for a particular memory which strategy to use for a particular memory task, and (c) knowledge of how to use a given task, and (c) knowledge of how to use a given memory strategy most effectively.memory strategy most effectively.

Page 36: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

MetacomprehensionMetacomprehension. This term refers to the . This term refers to the learners' ability to monitor the degree to which learners' ability to monitor the degree to which they understand information being they understand information being communicated to them, to recognize failures to communicated to them, to recognize failures to comprehend, and to employ repair strategies comprehend, and to employ repair strategies when failures are identified.when failures are identified.

Self-RegulationSelf-Regulation. This term refers to the . This term refers to the learners' ability to make adjustments in their learners' ability to make adjustments in their own learning processes in response to their own learning processes in response to their perception of feedback regarding their current perception of feedback regarding their current status of learning.status of learning.

Page 37: ADULT LEARNING II.ppt By: dr. Yuwono

Thank YouThank You


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