"Advanced 4K/ UHD" - Mesclado/ EURECOM

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http://www.mesclado.com/case-studies-2/?lang=en


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4K/UHD – The 12 essentials


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1. Resolution

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Higher Throughput = higher bandwidth

Need for compression = Codecs and Formats


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Compression formats (1) – DCT-based

Format Mode Max Sampling Max

Resolution Max Frame Rate Max Birate

H.264 @5.2 Intra / Long GOP 4:2:0 10-bits 4K 60p 720 Mbps

XAVC

XAVC Long GOP 4:2:2 10-bits UHD-1

60p

150 Mbps

XAVC Intra 4:2:2 10-bits 4K 960 Mbps

XAVC S 4:2:0 8-bits (4K) UHD-1 150 Mbps

AVC-Ultra Intra

4:4:4 12-bits 4K 24p NM

4:2:2 10-bits 4K

UHD-1 60p NM

ProRes

4444 4:4:4:4 12-bits

math. lossless 5K 60p

3535 Mbps

422 (HQ) 4:2:2 10-bits

visually lossless 2357 Mbps

MPEG-4 SStP 5

4:4:4 12-bits 4K 30p 1800 Mbps

6 60p 3600 Mbps

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Compression formats (2) – wavelet-based

Implementation Max

Resolution Frame Rates

Sampling

Bit Depth Max Bitrate Colour Mode

IPX-JPUHD4K

(IntoPix) 4K 24 to 60

4:4:4 12-bits

4:2:2 12-bits 1 to 2 Gbps YUV, RGB, XYZ

JPEG 2000-4K

(Evatronix)

8K (16K

personnalisé) 24

4:4:4 12-bits

4:2:2 12-bits

4:2:0 12-bits

800 Mbps RGB, YCbCr

BA109/BA110

(BarcoSilex) 4K Unknown

4:4:4 12-bits

4:2:2 12-bits Unknown YUV, RGB, XYZ

CLIPSTER

(DVS

Rhode&Schwarz)

4K 24 4:4:4 10 bit Up to

500Mbps

YUV, RGB, XYZ

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JPEG-2000 hardware implementations


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RAW formats

Format Mode Lossy

Compression Max Sampling

Max

Resolution Max Frame Rate Max Birate

F65RAW

F65RAW-Lite YES

16-bit Linear 8K 60p

150 Mbps

F65RAW-SQ YES 250 Mbps

F65RAW-HFR YES 120p 1 to 2.4 Gbps

REDCODE

RAW

REDCODE 28 YES 12-bits

16-bits 6K

100p in 6K

150p in 4K

300p in 2K

224 Mbps

REDCODE 36 YES 288 Mbps

REDCODE 42 YES 336 Mbps

ARRIRAW

2.8K NO

12-bits

Log C 3.4K

120p in 16:9

90p in 4:3

1.34 Gbps in

16:9 24p

1.79 Gbps in

4:3 24p Open Gate (3.4K) NO

75p 1 to 2.4 Gbps

Canon RAW 4K RAW NO

10-bits 4K

60p

> 2.7 Gbps 120p 4K HRAW NO

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4. Display (1)

Minimum viewer-screen distance – 8K UHD screen

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Source: NHK


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4. Display (2)

4K/UHD monitors: towards a UHD phase 1 incompatibility

• UHD Ready logo pushed by manufacturers

• The 3 prerequisites of UHD phase 1 not guaranteed:

– Connectors (HDMI 2.0)

– Anti-piracy (HDCP 2.1)

– 50p compatibility (50 images / second)

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5. Connectivity

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You need to:

• Handle huge amounts of data in transfer

• Have flexible interfaces

• Get closer to real-time applications

• Consider distance between equipment to link up


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5. Connectivity - “4K/UHD SDI” Interfaces (1)

Interface Workgroup Standard Description Features

Resolution Sampling Mode Max Frame Rate

6G-SDI

SMPTE

32NF-40

SMPTE

ST 425-3

Mapping Image Formats into Dual Link 3G interface

4096x2160

&

3840x2160

4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image

formats 30p

SMPTE

32NF-70 ST 2081-10

2160-line and 1080-line Source Image and Ancillary Data

Mapping for 6G-SDI

3840x2160 4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image

formats 30p

4096x2160 4:2:2 10-bit image formats 30p

12G-SDI

SMPTE

32NF-40

SMPTE

ST 425-5

Mapping 2160 line Image Formats into Quad Link 3G

interface

4096x2160

&

3840x2160

4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image

formats 60p

4:2:2 & 4:4:4 10 & 12-bit image

formats 30p

SMPTE

32NF-70 ST 2082-10

2160-line and 1080-line Source Image and Ancillary Data

Mapping for 12G-SDI

3840x2160

4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image

formats 60p

4:4:4 12-bit image formats 30p

4096x2160

4:2:2 10-bit image formats 60p

4:4:4 12-bit & 4:4:4:4 10-bit

image formats 30p

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5. Connectivity - “4K/UHD SDI” Interfaces (2)

Interface Workgroup Standard Description Features

Multi-Link

10G-SDI

SMPTE

32NF-40 DG

SMPTE

ST 2063-4

UHDTV Multi-link 10Gb/s

interfaces

3840x2160 pixels

4:2:2 & 4:4:4 10 & 12-bit

100, 119.88 & 120p

4 to 6 10G-links

25G-SDI SMPTE

32NF-40 DG

SMPTE

ST 2062

part 2

25 Gb/s Serial Signal/Data Interface

(optical interface)

3840x2160 pixels

4:4:4 10 & 12-bits up to 60p

72G - ITU-R BT.2246-2 Super-Hi Vision 72 Gbps

Optical fiber interface

7680x4320 pixels

4:4:4 12-bit up to 60p

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https://kws.smpte.org/kws/groups/32nf40-20gbs/calendar/event?event_id=9274


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5. Connectivity - HDMI Interfaces

Version Ratification Date Max Resolution Max Frame Rate Bitrate/channel Total Bitrate

1.4 May 28, 2009 4096x2160 30p 3.40 Gbps 10.2 Gbps

2.0 Sept. 4, 2013

4096x2160

+ HDR with

HDMI 2.0a

60p 6 Gbps 18 Gbps

2.1

Unreleased (in

design/review

phase)

Specifications to be announced,

Main difference is with dynamic metadata

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5. Connectivity - DisplayPort Interfaces

Version Ratification Date Resolution Max Frame Rate Total Bitrate

1.2 2009 4K 60p

(8-bits) 17.2 Gbps

1.3 2014 8K

+ HFR

Up to 120p

(Up to10-bits) 32.4 Gbps

1.4 2016

8K

+ HFR

+ HDR

Up to 120p

(Up to10-bits)

32.4 Gbps

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6. Frame Rate

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Source : Big Buck Bunny – www.bigbuckbunny.org

Frame Rate = Dynamic Resolution

Interests rising in sports, action and

animation movie production

http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/


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7. Colour Space 8. Bit Depth

• High dynamic ranges and

sharper contrasts

finest sampling required

and more bits per colour

• The minimum for 4K/UHD

is 10bits in 4:2:0

• Today we can reach

16bits in 4:4:4:4 with

transparency channel


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8. Colour Space

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Existing: HD & UHD phase 1

(Rec.709)

Tomorrow: UHD phase 2

(Rec.2020)


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9. Camera optics

Bigger optic blocks for production devices: if

resolution is 4 times higher, the lenses must follow.

10. Camera sensor

Production performance: sensitivity to light and

capacity of signal processing (electrical filtering of

photo-sites and digital optimisation)

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11. Audio

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4K Metrology – Media Chain

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Codecs in the media chain

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Objective measurement

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𝑃𝑆𝑁𝑅 = 10 log(2𝑛 − 1)2

𝑀𝑆𝐸

MSE: Mean Square Error

n: quantification in bit per sample

PSNR algorithm Objective metric


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Video Sample

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Roland Garros 2013

Camera: Canon C500

Sequence: 600 frames (DPX format)

Resolution: 3840x2160

Colour space, sampling, bit depth:

RGB 444 10 bits

Frame rate: 59.94 fps

NB: Around frame 500, a scene change

with fade in/out

Effects

• Title from frames 1 to 60

• Zoom starting from frame 477


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Workflow tests

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Results

• ..\..\Salons\IBC\IBC 2015\IBC15

asma_jenhani_uhd_intercodec_interference_in_

reallife_production_chains.pdf

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../../Salons/IBC/IBC 2015/IBC15 asma_jenhani_uhd_intercodec_interference_in_reallife_production_chains.pdf













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Thank you for your attention

Date post:	11-Jan-2017
Category:	Engineering
Upload:	mesclado
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"Advanced 4K/ UHD" - Mesclado/ EURECOM

Engineering