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8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
1/65
", ,
,
We all know
that making
t few reladvelv
simple
changes
n our
uves:
like loslng
thai
last 10
poun&,
committing
to a dtlly
er.erclse
r$me,
or
gtving
up an unhalthy
vlce or iwo
-
can
lead to
tremendous
payoffs down the
road.
we all know
Ir's for
the besi
ln ihe long
r n, but
we often
seem
io
ftxate mo.e
on the
shornrcrm
paln'
dlscomfori,
and siarvation
as
compelling
reasons
to
put
of f
these
chanBes.
Transltlonlng
product development
from
a 2D
rleslSnsystem
to a
gD
solld
modellng
deslgn
8y8teft
fslls hto
tlls
srm category.
While
vou
mighi be
convinced
ihat
ultimatelv
it's
the rlght
move
and
blleve
wholehes.riedly
ln ihe botiom'llne
competitlve
beneflts
of maklng
the move,
vou
mlght also cringe at ihe ihought of th immediate
probtms
that
thb convFion
*ould
bdn8.
Productlvity
downttme,
data
translation
woe8, hlgh
lnittal
entry cosls,
loss
of legtcy
data,
tncretsed
hardwarc
equirement6.
nd
th need
o
relr , in
sraff
arejust
th tip of
the iceberg.
In
today s manulacturlng
world,
who
ha-s he
ttme
to deal
wtth even
one of
those
problems? There
cert.inly is
d case for
some
destgn
work to rematn
ln the realm
of 2D
-
AEC,
CtS, and
schematic
design,
io name
a iew.
Iiowever,
the m4ioritv
of
design
done by mdufacturers
would
gratlv
benefit
from
rhe use
of 3D destgn
tools
Throughout
thts e-book,
we'll
take a
closer look
at
aU the
concerns
that manufacturing
compantes
have
when
evaluaLing
a coneerston
to
a 3D design
environment.
We'll
examine
topics
such as
the
evaluatton
of
3D softwarc
packages;
implementation
issDes,
boih
technical
dld cultu.al;
the
preservation of legacy
data;
and the
use
of
downstream,
add-on
soft1'are
tools.
We'U also talk
to engineers
dd engineering
nanagers
who have
navigated
such a
parh,
and
yourU
read
in their o{n
word8
that tleir obsracle
sere and how they
serc ul t lmaLely
vercome
n
the real world. Yourll also read how migraiing ihelr
designs
ro 3D r$ulted
ln bi8
poyoffs
to
ihei.
producl
develoPment
Process.
O
Sott n- l , l r .
8.. .1 l t t
Trade
magaztnes
and dsi8n
consultancies
ha've
long
Droclatmed
ihc benefii8
of 3D
design
technlque
and how
ihese benefik
can dralticauv
lmprove a manufacturerrs
abillty to
compete
AmonS
the benefits
touted are
shortened design
cycles, streamllned
manufacturinS
proc3s3,
faster tlmeno-market
due to the
lmproved flow
of
produci
deslgn
Information and
communication
throughout
an organlzaLlon,
reduced
d$i8n
cos13,
fl
t^
t
b
g
e
It drrllnin lt
tulomrttd n.rhlm
t$.mtll.l h
3D, n in..tl d
Irumlll Enllnaarhot
.
a battorlaylo
|concll th.
.h Ylorol
Indlvldu.l
ad
lthln
i s53i1bly,
nslh.llt
dudn0mnlt
|ry l.rl
pmlotpli{
r|ld
.ls0 ?rltnn
n d.sl [
rytl.
ry
20
.tt d.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
2/65
e
$
{
3
g
8
F
fasrer
desiSn changes,
and, ultimalely,
higheF
Though thes
advantages
have been heavily
publicized
for
yea.s,
many manulacturing
companies
have becn
p.oducrive
using
2D design
rools and might
question
why
they need to make
such a t.ansition.
To answe.
this
question
and
mo.e, we u take
a look at thcse
p.oposed
bcnef i ls
one
hy onc and.xamine
wh so many.ompanirs
are deciding to
migrate to a 3D
solid modeling
design
environment.
In the
2D world, drawings
are continually
modified
and reintrp.el.ed
throughoul.
a
product's
liiecycle
While all designs
8o
th.ouSh multiple ite.ations,
dsigncrs
rorking
n a 3D dcsign
environmcnl
can
creaLe
p.oduction-ready detailcd drawings
automat ical ly,
l iminat ing ime-consuming
.awing
vlew crealion, manipulation,
and maintenancc.
Thcy can
also show hcir
designs rom mrl l ip le
anglcs and ca)i
enlarge dctails
of speciiic
components
with
just
a few
mousc cl icks.
O
Sp..dlng l rD Ploduct
o. t lgr
To compete
in today's manulacluring
envi.onment,
compdics are under
L.emndous
pressure
not
only to c.ank
out new
products su.passing that of
rhei. competitors, bul,l,o
beat them to the shelves
as well. 'ew
would argue that once
maste.ed, 3D
solid modeling systems
p.ovide
a fastcr and more
cfficienl
means to c.eatc
product
designs.
In the 2D
wo.Ld, c.eating a detailed
component in
o.rhog.aphic vicws can requi.e
four to fivcs times
the number
of .ommand cntr ies ian i t
would in
3D, mosr of which are duplicales
of othcr
commands. I).awing
creation adds subsiantial
lime
and expensc to a design p.ojecl, especiauy whcn
thc iask involves
int.icate
pafis
or complex
ConvcrscLy n thc
3D world, one linc can bc uscd k)
esrabl ish he ,
g,
: coordinaics
and rhen can be
movcd,copicd,
s.aled, or somchowmanipulr tcd
to
. .eare lhe 3D modcl . Once ie
3D model s c.ealed,
isomctr ic,cxplodcd
assembly icws
-
or dctai l and
sc.r ion
views of a drawing can bc crsi ly
generalcd
by most 3D
oAD
packaSes.
l ignmenl.
and
dimensionlng n most ClD sof tware
p.ograms
are aurcmat icby
simplJ cl icking on Lhec. lgesor
c.nt . .s
of what musr be dimensioncd,
Bcing ablc
to usc online 3D
parl.s
ibraries also
savc
slgniflcant design
,ime when crcaring 3D CAD
modcls- Thcsc
3D
pans
libraries
pro.luce
naiive,
feature-based,mechnical
dcsign componcnts,such
s fasicncre, bcarings,and 6reel
shapes,which arc
base.l
on
indusl.ry
stmdards o.on manuia.turer
cataloSs.Evry
pan
has
custom
propcfty
data
associated
wirh it, such as the
parl
name,
manufacturerrsnarne,
pari
rype, md sizc.
Severalmiuion
pa.ts
a.c availabl online through
various rcsources,and all
parls
can be dited
to fi1
useB specilic
requi.cmcnts. Thesc online 3D
parts
librarics cnable designe.s
o add the components mto
iheir
designssithouthaving to remodol hem from
thc mmufacturer's specilications,
a huge imesavcl
O
0.. lgr cnarg r
on t lc t ly
One change to a
part
often impacB muliiple
views
ofthe d.awin8, requiring
rhe enginee. to mmually
update aU assembly models, drawings,
view",
details, and bills ot
matedal
(BoMs),
an inhrcnrly
Dvery new
Dfoduct
design
tnusr
undergochangs
q r evolees
through
he
r lev. lopment
cyclc. Each
changca
r 2D drawing o.
rl l
AU drawing
F lhodrdln d$t
0ot.?Hlilwrl 3coolsr,
oaka
.lhft Llmned
u$d I i0 solld
modcllng
ablrlD 'dur. [s
dlilqn
cyclo y50
p3ffinl,
ul ls
developmEnlcosts
y50
pon.nl,
xFdne
he
dor lopmsdl noldr
id
dimensions,
nd annotat ions
update automatically,
so the
designer
never has to redraw
a
section, detail, or isomei.ic
view manuaUy,
g.eatly
rducing
thc
possibility or
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
3/65
enor-prone
process.
MakinS a change
in 2D also
often necessitates an addiiional round of drawing
checking, a time-consuming
and tedious
process.
On the other hand, making
a change to
a 3D solid
modcl is much
simpler and faste.-
Solid modeling
sysiems
offer bi-directional
sssociativity,
wnich
assures he user
that all elements
of a model are
associated
or connccted.
when a change
is made o
a 3D model, ii
is automaticauy.efLected
in aU
related
d.awinSs and associated
vicws.
Pa.amet.ic
design functionality
is anothe.
Iearure
of many solid modelers
that facilitales
enginecring
changeorde.s
(ECOS).
Ot iginal ly
developed o. lhe
aerospace and automorive indust es fo. desiSnine
complex cu.ved
forms,
paramel.ic
modeling
wo.ks
like
a numertcal sprcadsheet.
By storing
lhe
relat ionships
betwecn he
va. ious clementsof the
deslgnand trcat ing
hem l lke mathemat i .a l
equations,
it allows any elcment
ol the model to
be
changed, and then insran
y
regenerales
the model
in much the same
way that a sp.eadshect
auiomar.ically
recalcularcs
any numerical
changes.
ln
p^.ameir lc-based
sol id
modelers, aU
fealures and dimcnslons
of a model
are sLored
as dcsign
paramelers,
al lowlng
designe.s
l .o
make fasr c lesignchanges
by simply
changln8
rhc
vetuc of rhc
paramer. . . Whan a
talue is
changed, the model
ls auromat ical ly
updaled io
Lhe new
valuc, and al l o iher
model tealures
and dimcnslons af tecrcd
by thal chang.
update
automat ical ly.
Sol id model ing
systems lhst
of fcr boih bi-direct ional
associat iv i ty
and
parametr ic
design funcl ional i ty
not only speed
deslgn changes,
but also
Sreat ly.cducc
the
chance ot e. .ors.
O
f,rxtnt2ln th
ualu. ot 3D Prod| |ct
0r t .
Onc
problem
inhe.ent
io 2D desiSn is
the fact that,
afre. all the work is done to create the many levcls
of drawin8s ftat
oltimately represent
a
product,
that
data is
practically wo.thless to other
applications
such as structural
analysis and
downstream manufacluring
p.ocessesJ
ncluding
tooling creation and
nume.ical control
(NC)
pfogramming.
These funclions requi.c
3D drta,
which musr then be created
f.om the
original2D
Another way
to derive value from a solid model is
to analyze md test dcsiSns rhile they ar stitl
d iSiral .Th. abi l ' rJ
tn
resr
produ. ls whcn
designs
still reside in tho computer not only saves on
protoryping
costs,
but also
p.ovides
engineers wiih
a way to
quickly
iterate and oltimize designs
witlout woftying about
delays or
prototyping
costs
rhar.mighr de.ail
production
schedules and
Traditionally, designe.s
have had a defind window
ol oppo.tuniry to improvc upon a dcsign bcfore
having to move it for*ard
in o.der to adiere to
p.oduct
schedules, oftcn rcsultinS in an it s
good
enough attirudc
-
hardly l.he
hallma.k oftruly
oplimized designs. Today, horcvcr, duc to solid
modeling rools that arc fully
inreS.ated with
analysis, as
well as simulalion tools running on
affordable
yet powcrful
PCs,
enginee.s can
simulate models,
go
back and make a change to thc
CAD model, and thcn ve.y
qriclly
sec
the effecrs
of that change.
Modular i ly s anolhe.
t rend in manufacrur ing hat
has beneftted from dcaiSn rcusc. As cons m.r
markets becomc increasingly
flnicky,
manufacturers have responded by creating families
of
products,
ach
with subt le dl t ferences o appeal
to
dist incr ive
groups
ot users, h i l s l i l l using
.ommon componcnts. hcsc modula.producls may
vary in size, weight ,dimension,
r
capaci iy-
Fo.
the manufaclurer,
p.oducts
that sharc common
moduLeswirhin a
p.oduci
famlly are more
efficient
to design and manufactd.e
a.e easie. to upgrade
and maintain, and enable the reus of
product
dara
-
all ot which reduce
the ovc.all lifecyclc cosls of
l icrng
2l ' ,
r r s no.r ly impossible o dcvelop
vaf ious
confiSuratioru of
producrs,
assemblies,
o. families
of
products
etficiently,
since each individual
assembly must bc .edrawn from scratch. sohe
:lD
CAD systems otle. configu.ation managemcnt
tools, which enable uscrs to create mulliple
variations of a
product
in a single documcnt. Thcsc
tools also hclp users to develop and manage
families of
parts
and models
wiih different
dimensions,
components,
propcrtics,
and other
Anothe. area in rhich 3D
producl.
data
can be
leveraged is
itownstream in
p.oduct
documentation
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
4/65
GHAPIER
::
0nce
a company recognlzes
the need to move from
2D to 3D deslgn, hre s a
plethora of hurdles
both technlcal and cultural
-
that must be
overcom, Englners and deslgners must
b
retralnedon the new system.
whlch ls of tn
radlcally different frotn
the sysrem wlth whlch
they'reaccustomed.Excul tves
must be f l rmly otr
board wlth the
project ,ul t lnately convlnd hat
the lnltlal costs
and loss of
productlvlty
are wortn
the lnvesrment over the
long term,
Oftcn, CAD managers,
as well as the nglneers and
dslgners who report to them,
are the ftrst to
rcognlz the bneflts of deslSnlng
n
3D.
Faster
dslgn cratlon, easler and more accuraie deslgn
changes, et tr communlat lon l deslSn
ntent,
and th ablllty to test dslgns
whlle stlll dlgltal are
among th many beneftts that come
to
mlnd
when
ponderlng
such a t.ansltlon.
Upper management, oweve.,
ml8ht see he
sttuatlon completely
differendy, The Jlrst
objecdo.s
thar
mlSht pop tnto thetr heads when
thtnktng
about embarktng
on that same
path
could
be lncreased
costs, the
need
for addttlonal staff
tralnlng,
reduced
producdvlty, ind the
posstblllty
of losing legacy data that have taken years to
accumulate.
Whtle
some of these concerns mtghl
be easily mlttgated, othrs are
grounded
tn reallty
and shoutd h carefully addressed before an
jmplementatlon
ts lnttiated.
The
fi.st task is to
attain
upper management buy-
jn.
The
only way to successftrlly mplement a new
technology, srch as a
3D CAD
system, is to ensure
tbat
recurlves
have a full unde.standlng of the
tlme savtngs and competttlve beneflts that are
obtajnable uslng 3D CAD. ThouSh crtaln costs
mlSht prove dlfflcult to predlt, uppr management
must also be told upfront of all dflnable cosrs
-
both monetarlly and ln the loss of
productlvlty
-
that the companywl l l lncur as a resul t of th ls
Once upper managementhas been convlnced, lt s
essent la l o keep hm n the loop, holdtng nonthly
lnternaluser-groupmcct lngs o assess ow the
plannlng
and lmplementatjon are
progresslng.
Keeplng managemntabrast of the lmplementatlon
vla reSular eportswt l l belp to al levlate
uncertalntles and to assure thelr contlnued support,
wht.h l r cruclal ro rhe cuccecs f
(he
projec. .
padrgiig
macniner], edd Ds.lld modelhg pahilhlB o
qddry
elQr@
p.n
ad .embry rh4rl.riv
in rlal tm. h orde.
lo optml4 mchlEry
psrdmEe.
Usirg30
solidmodellq,
H.rlle$ dgineB wrc .bb ro d6ign .smllies
fid lesr iefi
befde boilding
.rrs,
$ich uldm.relyeMlled
diem o shonene
d6lgr rnd Mnufctrn'g qde trom m monhs
ojulr rllo nronris,
H.rln6
ln'Ilalional,a narufa.Urs ol cllrom
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
5/65
@
lrotcct ing
l | rYestm. l ts in 2I)
One lndisputable facr to
present
to management ts
that 2D CAD technology has matured to the
polnt
where
it has achteved all the
producdvlty
beneflts
tt ls capable of
provtdtng.
Conversly, 3D CAD ls a
dlffernt. reladvely new technology, whlch ls
capableof del iv. lngevenmore benef l ts o
veryone withln the manufacturlng organization
and
ts col laboradve upply chaln.
The adoptlon
of 3D solld modllng enables a
tompany
to make deslgn chanSdsmuch faster and.
ktth fewer Ifo.s than wlth 2D.qAD. Afte. a deslgn
change 3 made to a 30lld
'nodell
all d.aolng vtews,
dimenslons, and annotatlons update automattcally.
So th deslgner nevor has to manually redraw a
secdon,
detall, or lsometrlc
vlew, gratly
reduclng
theposstbt l i ty
off for . Unl tke 2D echniqucs. ol ld
ftodellnS
dslgn methods allow englneers o
produce
drawlngs much faster.
In addltlon, solld modls
greatly
facllltat the
communlcat lon fdeslgn lntent throughout he
organlzatlon. An accurate
3D
model, wlth all tts
assoclated ongeometr lc nglneer lnS ata at tached
to
jt,
becomes a complete dlgttal
product
for destgn
revtews,analysts,
rocurement,
nd manufactur lng.
Pllrs, ts form ls immedtately usable by all
persontcl
nvolved n
product
development, o ih
technlcal
and nontcchnlcal, maklng lt lnftnltely
nofe valuable to a company than its legacy 2D data.
Despl te hls fact . many companleshave arge
amountsof lntel lectualcapl tal led up ln thelr 2D
systems
-
from
the actual drawlngs to the
knowledgeolthetr deslgners
whl.h of ten makes
them hesitant to shift gears and move to 3D. At
these companles, the management mtght fear that
they wlll
no longer
be
abl
to use thelr prevlotrs
deslgn data
efflctndy
and that extenslve tralnlng
wlll be requtred on ncw systems. They inay also
feaf having to reorganize
the processes on whlch
their 2D
drawings
we. based tn the
past.
Some of these fears are
reality based. Designcrs
wlll require training on the ncw systems, thetr
lmplonlrrlng r 30 CrD
3y'r.n .r Inisi.p.
potymar
O6|lp
(tpc),
ma tactlftr ol sp.cl.lhd polyolfln hnlc
rd
p ..
p..t.{tng
produca
n rFlom.,
rss [ad h sho.r.ned ddopnsn
tlm6hy 0
pa.cqn;
o$gld dovoloFnd co.r by s5
p|corll
l.| s6ddro.i
b,
t0
prcsu
tnd rduceddro.i D, 75
p..onr.
product lv l ty
on those new sysrems
wi l l not lnt t ta l ly
be
up to
par
with wha t l t was
on the 2D systen,
and
some
processes
i l l chang.However,mosr 3D
CAD systems o al low for the f tpor t
of2D data.
Therefore,
a companys tnvestmcnt
n 2D legacy
data
wlll not b lost as a result
o{ the
For theseconpantas,a
safer
path
o 3D rntghtbe a
transltional 2Dl3D
deslSn system that employs
3l)
dslgn or new
deslgn
projects
whl le malntatntng
the 2D deslgn
process
for deslgn modlftcattons.
This way, prolects
are not dtsruprcd, the
rranslrlon
can take
place
ove. a pertod of t lme,
and destgnars
wl l l have dme
to rceive
proper
ralnlng.
(D
Mtths
Ver3u3 G.l i t t
Lt s take a look ai somc of the
commonobjct tons
that uppef
managefnnt f ten havewhen
considrtng a rnove fron 2D to
3D CAD.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
6/65
Myth: Scnior- Ievel engireers
don' t get
3D
design.
In
.eal i ty, wc al l l ive ln
a
3D
world and have
an
lnrate
senscof how
to navigatewjthln
i t . The
developers f 3D CAD
systems avc
worked hard
to
cfeate not only lntul t ive
user ntcr faces
brr
also
logical
work structufes
o. desiSnjng D
models.
A. r re\ulr . rhcsr s) srems
are \urpr ls lnglv
imp1.
for
enginees to lcarn.
Despi te hjs fact , l t s
real ist ic o assume
hat most
engiDeers ver the age
of
30
wcrc taugbt
engincer ing n
the ZD wor ld. fhcsc enBinee.s
many of whom are now senjor lcvcl engineers nd
designers wcrc t rained
on 2D. clther CAD
or
drawtng-bascd
yslems.Thc
good ncws s that
thescsamcdcslgners
lso undcrstatd
f t rsthand hc
hhe.ent wcaknesses
f 2D; hcfcfore,
many wi l l
easl ly ccognize
he areas n whlch 3D
melhods
Whl lc somc dcslgncrs
wl l l remaln cslstant
o
lcarnlng3D, nslst ing
hal they afc sdl l
p.odx.r ivc
uslng2D mcthods.many
wtl l v lcw thls chan8e
as
an oppoftunl ty
o
advanc.
thelr ski l l
sct and
wl l l
cager lyembarkupon 3D t.alnlng. n lact , many oi
these
proact lve
cnglnec.s
may havealrcady
pa.t lc lpared n
som cvcl o l3D deslgn
scl f
cducat lon
vla
tutor la ls.
onl lne
guldes,or VAR
scmlnars as a
way to bolsrcf their fu lufcjob
Often referred
o as
"car ly
adoplers, ' thcsc
engi.ecrsand destgners
hor ld bc among he f t rst
to be t rained
n
3D
CAD. After
seeing hc
prod,, . r
r
i ,
y gJirs a, h l . r
Fd
b
,hc car ly
3doptFr i
group
-
or perhaps purredon
by con.crn ovcr
futurejob
secur iry n today s un.er tain
manufactu. ing
ndustry
-
more
e.gidccrs wi l l
fo l low
rhe samc
path.
My(h: Ia
costs too much.
Whendr l \ed
b) uppe. mJndAcmFnrf
rhi ' rhdnSn \
gojng
o cosi
a lo l , yorr answershould
be,
"Yes. '
However,
his is also your f i rst opportuni iy
o
beglnbul ld ing
he case or the fol lowing
act:Thc
savings
n labor and the bcncf i ts der ived norn h
new system
wil l l t imately makc fof a sol id return
on
rhe .ompany's nvestment.Morc on that 1atcr ,
but
ler 's l rst take a look at thc spcci l ic costs.
One
waJ
to
dlverLdisaste.and discourscdown thc
roa. l
s to
be
complelelyhonestwith managemcnt
from Lhe
o tset . Inform them upffont of the cxact
costsof rhe sol tware,
ha.dwa.c, rajnjng,and
.amp
up t ime requi .ed or a 3D mplcmcntat ion.
After
rhese osls a.e discusscd, valuatcwhat thc
.projected abor savingswi l lbc oncc thc systcm s
up and running.Labor savings, ouplcd with thc
savirgs der lved
rom a reduccdnumbcr of
physical
prororypes, an quickly
-
ol tcn wlthtn thc f l rs l
year pay back the star tup costs or thc
Ler 's breakdowo the spccl l ic costsof an
impl.mcntar lon.
. l rst , rhere s the ac(ualcost for
rhc
sol twar. as w.1l as thc Integrated hlrd
party
sof twarc.
Forrunatcly, he cost ot 3D CAD systems
has comc
down slgni f lcant lyslnce helr
lntroduct ion,duc
ln par l to lhe surgeoi mldrangc
CAD prodtr . ts hat havc dr lvcn down costswhl le
glvtng
hlgh
cnd pa.kagcsa run lor Ihcir moncy n
terms
of fun. t ional i ty.
Accordlng o Daralech.
a m6rkct rcsearch i rm,
thcsemid.angcor valuc p. lccd 3D CAD packigcs
whi.h werc p.eviouslybi l lcd as 80
pcrccnt
of thc
funct io.al i ry at 20 pcr .cnt of thc
pr icc
now ot lcr
closcr o 90 pcrc.nt of the funct tonal l tyand, ln
most
nstances, t 50 pc.ccnt ofwhat thc high-cnd
l\,{osr
ikely, there also wlll bc
jncrcascd
hardware
reqr i rements.
hough hcsc costshavc bccn
\omeshd, mi, igdr .d n r . , .nr ycJr \d\hiAh
powered,
Windowsr
basedPCshaveplummctcd n
cost . O(her
hardwareexpensesmighl resul t rom
rhe need or 3D
graphicsa.celrators.Tberewi l l
a lso be costsassoctated
irh t ralningengineers n
3D designsystems.
whtch .ar be
Ineasrred
both
monetar l lyand n loss
ofman hofts.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
7/65
Tho gb
thesc nl t ia l
costs
wi l l be signl f icant ,
perhaps
he bcst way
to ovrcome
cost obje.r ions
js
to
point out that
your conpany's
transi t lon
o 3l)
CAD
s an invcstment
n i ts f rnrre,
a way
to bet tcr
compete
n thc
ycars ahead.Mig.at ing
o 3D
CAI)
wi l l have
ong teim tmpacts
on bolh
salesan. l
osrs
by cnabl ing
companles
o but ld
better
prod . ts
in
shortcr desi8.
cycles
with less
wastc of t tnc
a.d
Wi$ vr.ylig sllll $ts, hrctgrollnds, d wals or oafllng, 30 CAo
t
iiliq lor englnoss
toutd IndlvldulllyLilotsd
optlonsnclutb
rr.dilonal tnhing
das' r o.t.ls,
vARseminn,
usr
grouPs id
Myth: 2D
works for
us.
Why
chang?
Whl le
2D CAD can be
an ef f tc lent
way to creale
produc drawtngs,
3D CAD
furthets
ef f lc iency
by
spccdtngup
everyact lvt ty
and by opt imizing
dcstgns
hrough he removal
of many
sources
of
potenUal naccuracy
and
erro. . Moreover,
he
bcnef i tsof 3D
CAD wll l
be sccn nor
ust in the
cngtnee. ing
cpartment
but also h.oughout
rhe
enrire enterprisc.
The transition
to 3D
deslgn wtll
havc
a slgnl f icant
mpacl
on arcassuch
as
qual i ty
w6rranty costs.
manufactufing,
and assembly
as
wel l
as salesand market ing.
To
counr.r
rhb objecr ion.
pornt our
rhF arPa\
n
whlch 3D
CAD can
solvc current
problems
mo.e
efficiently and,
in the process,
shave enough time
off existing
pfocesses to pay for itself. To quantify
rbis argument,make
a l ist of a l l the
ways n which
3D CAD could
improveupon curenr
processes nd
then calculate
ln both abor and t ime
the .ough
t ime savin8sassociaied
with eachone.
Thorgh thjs
ls one way to
quant i fy h benef i tsol3D
CAD, he
real savingswi l l u l t imately
esul t rom
higher
qlal i ty p.oducts hal are
desiSned nd
manrfacturcd aster-
,
Some
ompanicswt l lconLend
hat 3D sol ldmodelnrg
technology
s ofcompeti(tve
advantagconly
to
companiesdesiSnlngand manulacturlngcomplcx
parts
and
assembl jcs. ' lhceal i ty
s that any
manufacturer
evn hosc desiEring
relativcly slmple
products wl l l
Sain
compct i t lve
dvanlaSe y
dcsignlng
and manulacturlng bett-"r
products fastcr.
D
Picking
thc night Project
ard thc
Righl P.oplc
I t mt8hr
provc dl f l icul t lor somecompanles
o stop
using 2D abrupt ly
and move complctely
o 3D lor
al l dslgns.Ungincc. lnS
managc.s
nccd to assess
careful lywhlch proJect nd which
pcople o start
out ln 3D CAD.The bcst
way to begln
a
3l l
tmplcmentat ton s
with a
pt lot project ro
cnsure
he
declstonsmadedur ing
rhc ear l ierstages
are wel l
rho ght
out. l ' l lot
proje.rs al low slnal l , ocused
gro ps to test the tnplemenrat ion,
docomentadon,
and
tralning
processes i th ln a smal ler .more
conrrol lcd
cnvironment.
They alsoal low the team
to make
mlnor adjustmenls
r changes o these
processes s they are betngeslabl lshed.
Ii s essenllal
o the succcssofa 3D
implementatlon o
choose rhe rtght
tjmc and task in
which to try
3D
CAD. Since many designsare merely modincations of
existtng systems
n whichjusr
a
few
areas of thc
design need changing,
t would be mpracttcal
to use
3D dcsign on these
ypes of
projects.
A belter
app.oach mighr be to maintain
egacydara n 2D and
hold
offon using 3D until a
new design
project
arises.
Pi lot proiccts should
be shorter term
projecls
that
are easily manageableand
relativcly low risk. Afte.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
8/65
the completion of the
pilot
p(ogram, iCs
tmportant
for the
englneering
team
leaders
to conduct
a
posrmortem
of
tlle
p.oject wtth
the entire
pfoject
tam
to assess
what did
and didn
t work
and to
determlne
the
best ways
to lmprove
upon
these
To avotd
dlsrupting
and
overwhel'nlnB
deslSners
engineertng
m.nagers
mtght
also
try a step_by_step
tmplemntation
that slovly
lntroducs
3D
nodellng
methods,
dependlng
upon
the task
at hand
and
the
varlous
sklll levels
oflndlvtdual
users At
thls
potnt
the manager
must hotesdy
analyze
whlch
enSlneers
are quallfld and inotivated enough to ftake the
ftrct transltlon
to 3D. Addlttonal
tralnlnS
and
posstbly extra
work rnay
be requlrcd
ofthese
englneers,
so
manaSers
should
b both
realisttc
and
honest
ln thelr
expectatlons
of
these early
adopters
These
englneers
and
destgners
wttt
probably become
the
projecCschamplons
who
wlll mntor
other users
durtnS
hetr transtdon
_
lhe oncs
whom
orhe'
englnerswlll
seek
out when
they
encounter
problems ot have
quesdons.One
way to ncouraSe
llill lmplomd ry . nfl 30 CIDsystm 0troqhootn oqJllrdlor,
Ecco,
mnutftnlt.
ot bachD
wlnln alrm3
tor
ucrr.nd
n fly
these mentors
s to
provide simple
rewards to
acknowledge
helr effons While
these rewards need
not b elaborate,
hey
a.e an important
way to
.ecognlze he
above'and-beyond
fo.ts
of enployees
who are cructal
to the
successofan
tmplementation.
In order to
determlne
who wlll be
on a
pilot prolect
team, as well
as what
type oftralnlnS
will be most
approprlate
fof usefs.
a managef m$t
ask sevefal
questlons:
Do they
have a 3D CAD
background?
Wtll
they be
'powr' users?
Wlll they
be reqri.ed
to
work wlth
complex assemblles
or
parts? Wlll they
be rqutred
to lmport
Seomelry
from other
Another
critlcal component
of
any succssful
technology-re,ated
tmplementatlon
ls tralnlfl8.
Because all
englneers
have dllferent
sklll sets
backgrounds,
and
ways of learnlnS,
tralnlng
must
be lndtvtdually
tatlored.
There ls
no such thlng
as
'one class
t ts al l . 'Several
educ.t tonal
opt lons
are
avallable,
tncludlng tradltlonal
tralnlng
classes,
tr.rtorlals,VAR
semlnars,
user
groups, snd onllne
guides.
Before
sny engtneer
partlclpate ln a
rull'
fledged
Falntng
class,
t s lmPeradve
to do solne
prel lmlnary nvest lSadon
nto 3D tcchnlque
rhereby
ensurtng
that
ttme ls not
wasted whn the
forrnal tralnlnS
bglns.
The
Managr 's
Perspect lv:
Todd Mansftld,
Systems
Engtne. lng
Team Lcadar,
ECCO
ECCO s the
world's
largest manufacturer
of
backup alarms
and amber
warnlnS lghts or
comme.ctal
vehlcles.
The company
s t rsnsl t lon
from AutoCAD
ro a 3D
solld modeltng
sysrcm
i'tproved collaboration,
communicatton,
and
efflctency:
helped cut
design cycle
dme by 40
percentr and reduced scrap by 5 to 10 percent Let s
hear from
Todd Mansftld,
systms
englneerlnS
team leadef,
on how
they ovefcame
the cultrrral
barrlers
to lmplementatlon
at ECCO.
&;
t low dld
you ldendfy
whlch engtneers
o
t.ansltion first
to 3D?
A: I would
say there are
two ways lo
look at iti
s$lpmem,
Incra|sd
rw6ir6
y
lrl|ding
I |Ew,
contlgunbl.
mrtrcl
li|r,
cur ts d6lgn
crcl6 y
a0
scorl
|ldcGd
$r.p bY
$10
Ps...n,
.nd
.d
ov.d nlg ..
L$b or
c.ll. or.lhr1,
conmunlc.lion,
ld smchncy.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
9/65
Who
are the
most agreeable
people? And
whre is
I t most
needed?
ou
mlght have
someone
who s
very
proactlve,
but they
really
don t
have any
lssues
that
are costlng
the company
time and
money.
Convrsely,
yorl mlght
have
someone
who s
not lhat
proactlve. but
they miSht
be
tn a sltuation
ln whlch
-
lfyou
don't
flx lt
-
you r
&olng
to
hsve
blgger
lssues
as far as
producttvttv ts conce'ned
A:
How
do
you motlvate
th englneer
who s
hesltant
to move
to 3D7
A: l fyou
look
at the
peoPlewho
are most
down
on
tmplementlng new technology, lfs often the sentor
people
tn
rhe shop
who are
holdinS
on to
systems
that they
may welt
have set
rP themselves
So they
have a ral
sense
of ownemhlp
on
those
older'
antlquated
systems
lfyou
can
8o
after
them
tntrlally,
turn them
stound,
and
8et
them
into a
proacttve
posltlon, thn
you suddenly
have
a
tremndous
asset. You'll
have
turned
your blggest
crltlcs
lnto
your
blggest
advocates.
and thatJust
changes
the
whole face
of lmplementatlon
They
say,'l
ve done
tt thls way
forever.
and
I don t
want io change.' So you say, 'What lf I can show
you
how
to take
all thls
admlnlslratlon
stuff
of f
your
plate?
Instead
ofspendlng
all day
creathg
drawinSs
that areJust
a
by_Product
of 3D
deslgn.
you
get to spend
youf tlme
dolnS
what
you
went to
school
for and
what
you love to
do
-
and
that
s
deslSn. 'Change
s scary'
But l fyou
can
partner
with
them and
assure
thm that
thts ls
what
you
have
to do to
remaln competltlve
you
can
hopefully
work
vith them
to drlve
out th.t
fear' lt s
a blg shlp,
and lt
tums slowly.
But
onc h
starts to
turn, suddenly
tt'sJust llke
a wlndfall
for
vou
/i:
How
dtd
your company
begin its
A: As
palnful as lt
was, we
set a drop_dead
d'tc
after whlch
all futura
work
-
both
new and
existhS
-
would be
done ln 3D. W
had
thls huge.
huge
pile
ollegacy
AtrtoCAD
drawings-
It was
patnful. and
,nitiatly
a ftve-mlnute
change
sometlmes
took
a fw
hou.s.
But
lf you don't
draw
a lin ln the
sand.
you
re
gotng o
waffle between
wo systems
forever. nlttally,thre s golng o be somepaln' but
the rewa.ds
beyond
hat are
weil worth it
Last
yar,
we hada 42
percentncrease
n documenrs
createdand
evtsed.
Q:
How
tmpoftant s
it to a successful
implementatton
o
haveman.Sement
uy-tn?
A: lt s
paramount.
Cs the numbr
one ssue.
fvou
don\ have
hat,
you
have
no authortty
and no
authntlclty
n what
you'rc doit8.
tf managenent
doesn share
your
viston, hen
you re
dead
n
rhe
warer.You have o implement hls whue actln8oo
th
authorlty
ot senior management
'"11.
ow
tmportant
s tt to
prform
sohe
tyPeof
advance
ROI study
on movtng
he company
new
product eveloPment
o 3D?
A: I thlnk
Cs ery
nportant.
ROI s easl ly
calculated
and nportant,
but
I thlnk lt's really
seconda.y
o
Plnpointlng
what
yoLrr xact ssus
are.You
mlght hlnk
youknow
whatyour
problemr
ar:but fyou
dld some
nalysts,
ou
d real lze
hat
they
ml8hi
be dlffrent.
f
you
don't
know where
you sre of
whefe
you're
8oln8,
5ny toad
wlll
Set
you
there.Untll
you
deftne
your
lssues.
ou
don
t
know
what the
posslble olutlonsare,
Wemade
he declsion
o
move o 3D for
buslness
feasons,
ecause
ustomers
re exPectlns
hat vel
olnodllng.
Many
of our customrs
oday
would
not
accepta 2D drawlng
at all.
Theyare
asklnS or
solld
geometry.
s
we l as ICES
and STEP les.
outputs
hat only 3D
can
glve you You can
l.se
your
focus
on th
fact ihat lt's a
b sinessdeclsion
to
go to
3D
hsedays
lt
P.oJects
our technt.el
competence.oday,3D s no longersomethlng nlv
the atst
and
greatestdo. You.e
shootlng
par
golf
lfyou're
uslng3D.
h s no longer
btrdle
golfi
lt's
par
and headtng
or boSey
ecausehings
are moving
so
fast. Once
you make
he buslness
ectslon,
ou get
out your checkbook
nd
ask,
"Okay.
what
s it
golng
to cost to
get
us
the.e?"
You know cs
Sojng
o take
tlm and money,
but
you do tL.And
onc t s done,
you'redamn
glad you did it.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
10/65
User Pcrspcctlve: Jeff
Ha
ErcD,
Englncering
Systems
Softwarc
Analyst,
Pap.r
Convertllg
Machtae
coa'pany
(PCMC)
PCMChas
baena
Slobal
manufacturer
fPaper-
convert ing
equlpment
tnce
1919. eCs
alk
to
Jeff
Hallgren,
engtne.lng
systems
software
analyst
about how
the company
made
the
t.ansltion
rrom
2D to 3D CAD.
*:
Ilow dld
you tdenttfy
{blch enginecrs
to
transltion
fhst to 3D?
A: usually you look at startlnSwlth the eng,oee's n
the new
product
development
area
Thev are
th'
ones
who typtcally
start
out wlth
a clean
shet ofpaper.
They aie
usually
the
8o_8etters,
more
lnnovailve.
and
ready
to accepl
new challenges.
They
also
tvpicallv
have more
tlme as
opposed
o an englneer
worldng
in
an enStneered-to-order
nvlronment
wlth anywhefe
from a
couple ofdays
to a few
months
turnarodnd
tlme. You
ned to
transltlon
them dtffrndy
than the
new
product development
eam Also
the new
product developftent
group can usuallysqueeze
n
th tlme to
do the experlmeniatlon,
so
the
productlvtty hlts are not as great
{li How lmportant
ls
tt to attatn
manaSement
buyln
for such
a transltlon?
A: I fs absolutely
cr l t tcal
l fhanagement
doesn\
drlve
lt, tCs doomed
to fall
You really
need
to sell
msnagement
on the
beneflts,
snd
you also need
to
mak sure
they understand
how lonS
tt s
goinS to
take
and what the
ramlflcattons
ar.
Mana8ement
needs to
understand
that
there ls no
maSlc
button
There ls
no llght
swltch
you can tu.n
on
-
one
dav
you re
on
a 2D
system, and
the next
dav ve.yone
ls up and
runnlng
and as
efflctent
as
posslblc on
th
nev system.
You really
need
to sell then
on tbe
fact
that thls ls
not an overntght
process, that
the
beneflts
ar real
and langtble
and there
at the
endi
but
you dont want
to
8o
too fast.
and
you dont
want to
drag tt out.
ai
Should
you pe.forrn some
type of
ROI studv
on
moving
ro 3D design?
A: You necd
to do the research.
Cet a VAR
lnvolvd
ro
do s lot of th
legwork for
you,
and
get
a lot ol
rferences
f.om
colnpants
who ve done
lt
-
80
spak to them,
and then
sit down and
say,
"OX,
how ls thls
gotng
to help
the orSantzatton?"
t s
lmportant
to look al ROI
notlust f.orn engtneerlng
but also
as a total organtzation
tool because
t s
8oin8
to lmpact
the entlr
company. Typtcally,
the
ROI does not
come fromlust
englneerlnSi
n fact,
sometlmes
you actually
take a ost
hlt by
Solng
to
3D In the englneerlng group. The real tangtble
beneflts
are seen n
quallty, warranty
costs,
reworks
out on the shop
floor. Thls
ts
Solng
to
lmprove the
manufactu.tng
process
and
the
assembly
p.ocess, because
now
you
can
cre,te
these exploded
vtews, e'drawlngs,
and at madons
rhat will be used
on the shop
floor by those dotng
assernbly
work. They ll have
a better unde.sianding
lf deploYng 30dcslgn
3ynsn, .ll( Mold,
l6.dlng
prot
dd oll
gi4 d, cnm9ld
molds
r
d.rio
hjcdo|
nol{6d
p.rb
rid
.hmlnun
.ddmdh c.tdng,
i s
moldd6lgn cFl.
by 50
p. o|n,
ncFriod
t .blliv
ro npo.l fid upon
varlou3
dd.for
|r, inFwed
thslgn
crJnomrs,
d enbncGd
r3
mold
x|tlFb c.p.tllltlei
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
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A flnanctal
evaluatlon needs
to be completed
prior
to the movement
of any englneering
SrouP
to a new
MCAD
platformi thts holds especlally
true for 3D
Whn
evaluadnS
the cost elements
of movlng to
3D,
all aspects
of the mlgratlon must
be sssssed
so that a reflectlve
'total cost ofovnershtp"
ls
obtalned. Financlally,
thls Includes
the costs
assoclated
wlth developlnS the fequired
lnf.astructure
(t.alntng,
VAR
support,
standard
llbra.y creation,
standard/best
practlces), PLM
software, engineertng
anslysls soltware
(FEA,
ndtton
analysts).
manufacturlng CAM
software,
and frequnt
updaies
io users workstatlons
to
ersure optlmum perlormance. Addltlonally, costs
should
Includ converslon
of legacy data.
A flrn
ROI can be extremely
dtfflcult to obtatn
because
some ofthe lntanglbles
do not correlate
dtrecdy to
{lscal return. The beneflts
of 3D rnodllng
a.e more far-reachlnS
han as a
deslSn ool utlltzed
solely by and
for enSlneerlnS. hose
orSanlzadons
that don\ inlgrate
to a 3D systm n
the next 3
yearc
vtll b lelt behhd
and wlll be
placed ln a
posltlon
where they wlll be
at an extreme dlsadvantaSe
o theh
competltors.
Four dlstlnct
beneflts of 3D
modllng
recognlzedby PCMCwere lmProveddeslgnefflclency,
Improved
deslSn
quallty, shortned development
cycle, and lmproved
assembly
efflctency. We
cornpleted
a
projected
ROI
based on a senstttvlty
analysls
hat evaluatd he impact
to cofpomte
workflow
resultlng from the 3D
modellng mlSradon.
AlthouSh
an ROI was
projectd, the 3D modeltn8
proJectwas really evalu.ted/sold
on the totd
cost of
ownershlp
and the faci
that as an organlzadon
PCMC
couldnt
arofd not to
.omplate a
mlgratlon.
dl: How
dld
you
determlne
whlch
project
to use
ro.
youf ptlot
progfam?
A: I hlShly,
highly recommend
a phased approach
ICs best
ro manage t through
new
product
development
or
products
that
are
Soing
to be
a.ound fo. a
while: as far as legacy
typ conversion
goes, you
reed
to tfack the
products you wo.k
o.
mosi.
Don't
worry about small, obscur
products.
You need to feally
look at what
products are
golng
to
be vtable for the
.orporatlon over
the next
year.
two yars,or flve
years.
The.e s no bnent
b
convertinga product tne that isn t selling.
{lr
What
wr he tmportant actors to
your
company
n chooslng he rlght 3D CAD systm?
A:
We
ooked or largeassmbly
erformance,
con0guratlon
management, aseof use,and h
suppo.t of
the company tself. Whlch company s
rhe eader?Whats th flnanclal health of the
companyT
hen ou' re olng he evaluatlor.
rallze
hat eachof thessystems s
golng
o
grow,
and he technoloSy
s changlng t a rapld rate,so
look at whtch o.ganlzatlon s respondlngbest o
the needsof thelr
customers.
User Pcrspccttyc:
AIAtt Larscn, Englncc ng
Analyst for IT at Au,otlv
Asp,
Inc.
Autol lvAsp, nc.,
a
subsldtary
f Autol lv nc., lsa
global
manufacturer f auiomobllesafety
estralnt
systems.
he company egan he road lo 3D
lmplenentat lon
n 1998. hough ot
completed,
lt s speakwith Alan Larsen,an engtneerlnS
analyst.
o seehow they
got
th ball rolllng and
how they overcamenltlal reslstance o lhe
project.
G: flow dld
you ldentlfy whlcb nglneeB o
transitlon
lrsr to 3D?
A: We
plcked he
guys
whomoved he astest, l lke
those n new
product
development, ho have o
move ast.
was a memberof that
8roup.
once we
reallzed he
value or us, w lookedat how we
could malnstream
t. Thenw went out and ound
engtnrs
ho
have
epeadng
rocesses
hat took
2D or 3D and remodeled
s they movd o e.ch step
-
whether t was
analysts or
gas
low, suchas CFDi
structuralanalysls; r an llustradon step,whre
they had o make
llustratlonsand remodeUnSs
they wre hand
proS.anmlng nto CNC.
tli How dld
you
determlne
which project to use or
your
Ptlot
program?
A: Therewas a
ptlot project group withjust a few
seats hat were doing oollng.
processequipme.t,
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
12/65
and fabrtcation,but theywereJusthanglng
ut
there
without a net or
any s'rpport.Now
w ve
turned
he .esources f ihe
company
o support
that effort
and have olled
out comPany
tandards
So he
ptlot
project
was
klnd ofa case
study or the
company
o
p.ove
t works.
Thenwe
went to the
R&D
Sroup
who has a lot
inore CADdtverslty.
They're
he harderones
o brlng n. But
they wre
also solated,
so I could oll
tt out wtth
them
orlSlnally
and not lmpact
he rest of
the comPany
4l: Dld lhese
early users
help ransitlon
other
Ai Not really. Our
pllot
project
was used
prlmartly
to remove
s roadblock n
the company.
rom that
pfoject, however,we cratd
company
tandafds
that made
t okay o do
what we were
dotng,whlch
was a
lSnlflcant step
n trylng to roll
lt out In the
colnp.ny.
fir
How dld
you attaln msnaSement
uy-ln
or the
transltlon?
A: I
plcked
ny
battlesvery
carefully.We ooked
or
aress n whlch lt would be a slam-dunk,wherewe
were
8ttin8
ld
ofwork
processes.
t Isn\ hsfd
to
deflne hat to manBgement.
ou
say,
"Thls
step
s
gotng o be
gone omoriow," and hey mmediately
see he value n lt. When
you try to tell them that
it's btter, here'salways
someonewho s
golng
o
questlon
everythtng
ou say.Wedldnt want to turn
thts nto anythlngother
than a slam-dunk.Bven
though hey dtdn't enti.ely
understandt, they
understood t on thelr level.
Now we re
gotng
back
ro reeducate hem.we've
done
Phase
ne,so now
what dos
phase
wo entall?
They can really
dlgest t ln one blte,3o
theres a contlnualelment
fi:
llave
you
completed
our tmplementarlon l3D?
A:
No.
We're
abouta
year away.
We
started movlnS
to 3D In 1998, ut the
companydldn t fully support
the ffort. It was an
underground ffort. lfs
tmportant o make t
a
gra$roots
effort rather than
an underground
ne.Now we ve made t
vlslble
to
mana8emnt a solutlon
hat
8ts
rld of redundant
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A
good-qualily
workstarion capable of running tD
cAI)
systems
will
cosr approximarely $2,000
o
$3,000,
excluding the monilo.-
factors thal could
increase
the
price
in.lude added mcmory or thc
need
for a high-end
3D
graphics
card.
In most cases,
system
pe.formancc
is
proportional
to rhe
processor
speed ofrhe PC s OPU, hough il
is fa. f.om being the sole coniributor to
pe.formance.
Most CAD systcms will run
weu
on
systems based on Iniel's Pentium""4 or XeonrM
chipsets, or the AMD Opteroniv chips running
eirhe. Windows2000Professional r WindowsXP
I'.olessional (rlz-bit). A performancc advanrageoI
WindowsXP P.ofessional s thc JOB modc,
which
isn' l avai lable n Windows2000.Recent ly,
Microsoft int.oduced lhe Windows XP Professional
64'bii ope.arjng syslem, which wiU
grcaily
b.nefil
englreersworkrng n
i l l )
r -AD.
Anoihc.
f {cto.
to .onslder ls lhe cachcsizc of
thc
compuicr .
A
OI ' l t wi th a 2MB cachc
wi l lof fc.
better
pc.fo.mancc
than one with only I MB.
To
bettc.
cvaluaic
r.hcva.ious sysrcmi,
you
crn
.xn
benchnrark
tests
wilh real models, if
possible,
or
chcck out standafd benchn)ark scores ot systcms
.unning
various
3D
cAD sysrems ai
httpr/www.spec.or8/gpc.
O
Hox |ucn Manory r E| l ugh?
Memo.y is onc of the most important
componenLs
to considc., as mosr 3D OAD
systcms .rc fairly
memory-intcnsive. When
a system .unning 3D CAI)
runs out of memory,
you
will expe.ien.e a
significant dcclinc in
performance,
due to the fact
that hard disk access imes are
infinitely slowcr
inan mcmory access lmes.
So how do
you
know hor
much mcmory is enough?
The ansver to that
qxestion
depends largelyupon
the darascts bein8 loaded, as
weu as on thc numbcr
of
prog.ams
that
you
will run
simultaneously. Most
3D CAD systems cquire a minimum
of 612MB of
R-^M,although for most engineers
working in 3D
CAD, thai von t be sufficient -
1l
you
will be
running multiplc
programs
of working with la.ge
assemblies, he recommended RAM shoots up to 1
CB or more.
"The
first thing I tell my customers is thar they'll
ned morc RAM tha either they o. iheir IT
departmcnt thinks they'll need," says Jefrrey
Setzer, Technical Scrvices mana8cr fo. Graphics
Systems Co.poration, a Wisconsin based BD CAI)
systems
yAR-
I rccommcnd thcy starr, our wifh I
GB of 8AM
and
go
up from there, depcnding upon
how complex
their individual
part
modeLsare o.
the size of
their assembly models.
To lest how much RAM you wiU need, tcst thc
sorlwa.e with
rcal-worlal datasets. In ordcr to
8et
rhe mosr, ccu.aie
picl r i .e,
atrnch he
3D OAD
sysremalong with
other
appl icat iors
hnt
you
{oold lypical ly bc hrnningon
you.
systcm,You can
track and.epo. l memoryosed n rhc Windo*s
Irer to.mance ystemmonito. .
Keep n mind that as he complexi ly
of thc modcls
developed n. .eascs,so does hc dcmand
or
memory. Fo.tunatcly, mcmo.y upg.adcs
have
become alr ly lnexpenslv.However,
ou
nccd to
antlcipaLe the need fo. future memo.y upgradcs.
One rule of thumb is thar he RAM on C,\D
workstat ionsshould be doubledevery hree
ycars.
Fo. those uscrs who havc ve.y complcx modcls o.
pul l
l .ogether
ieces
nto an assembly, hey may
f ind that they are .eaching he t imirs of a 32.br t
operar ing
ystem. iyour machinehas 4 CB of
memoryand this condi t ion s renched, i is of tcn
seena^s
"blue
screen"condit ion or an
"oui
of
memory" error. Thcsc users will need to install the
Windows XP Profcssional 6{ bit oporating system
and upgrade their lD CAD application to a 64-bit
O
Tir lmpor lancr ot lc l t ro lk ln,
While raw CPU
processing
speed s impo.Dnt,
don't forgct the impo.tancc of a stable netwo.k,
wherc bottlcnccks can bring
producriviry
to a
siddstiu- Ovcrlookitrg thc nctwo.k is the biggest
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
15/65
mistakc comPanies
make whcn
implcmcnting
a 3ll CAD systcm,
according to Lutz
Feldman, thc
markt ingdirccto.
oi Sol idLineAA.
Headquarrcrcd in Geflnany,
the
company s a VAR or
3D CAD systcms.
' ln
most cascs. usrome.s
end o focus
on rhe
qorkstat ion,"
says
eldman.
"Rdr
nerwork
pcrforman.e
is even morc
impo. l ,anl .
rom our cxper ien.e,
we
have ound rhc
grcatest
bot l , leneck
the.e.
)er fo.mancc s , mrsl
in rhis
arca fo. al l components, ncluding
nelwo.k.a.ds,
routcrc, and
switches."
when implement ing D CAD,
t 'ekl 'nan
bcl ieves
a
good
nciwork is
the nrosr mpoi.ant
conrponent
o considcr .
l hc
prcsence
i an enginccr ing
erverdcdkatcd
to
th.
use ot enginccrc s
anolher cr l t ical componcnt.
At tDVision
Technologics,
Mqjcski notes hat onc
of
thc f i .sr
quesr
ons h. asks
ol companics
rransi t ioning
o JD is
whcthc. or not lhey havc
a
dcdicared
ngineer ing ervcr .
' l t
lhcy don' t , then i t 's a
.ed f lag for us," says
M4ieski . We
cLl hcm rhal
you
nccd to
8cL
an
.ngineer ing
serve. f
you
re
goinE
o sork in a
col labofal . iv.
wo.k cnvironmenr,especial ly
f the
dalasets
are a.ge. I would say
.hat80
pcrcent
ot
the
r ime,.ompanics have an engineef ing
c.vcr .
o.
rhc 20
pcrccnt
of companies
hat arc sl , i l lon
one
big
net{o.k,
ihc datasels
re
going
o bccome
a hot. r leneck.
hey l l cal l us and.omplain
that the
CAD syslem
s .unning slowly, and
Lhat of tcn the
Anorhercommonmistakc s ignor ing he scrcr
when i t comes
ime to upgrad.Oompanies
wi l l
often ser a schedule
fo. upgradin8 engineers'
personal
worksr,ations
but will forgel about
thc
seNcr, cvcn though an
outdated scner will
significantly
slow dorn the
perfo.mancc
of
eve.yone's
ystems.
O
Ttr Po*rr o l
0n- oard
Er.Dhlca
l lven wi lh rhe fastestcompulcr avai lablc,an
inadequale
raphics
ard can Lcad oslow rcircsh
r^roqandjrnrr ' r scrc.n b, hr \ ior To disr l r )
geomct.y
on Ihe screcn,most currcnr 3l)
appl i .a l ions use el ther OpenCL
d.veloDcd
by S(; l )
o. Dire.rX_
(. levebpcd
by Microsoft ) . h ink ot
OpcnGLand Di.eclX as AI ' ls, which appl ical ions,
such as C D
p.og.ams,
us. ro
placc "cal ls"
hroxgh
to display
gcom.try.
Ilolh
slanda.d and
profcssional
g.aphi.s
ca.ds
suDpor[
OpenGLand Di.cctx; howevc., C D use.s
si l l
necd,
t rot .ssionr lgraphi .s.r .d
Thn mrrn
.liltefen.e belreen the two tlpcs is thc drivc.. I
prolessional graphics
boa.d will offcr many more
supporred .ommands than a sranda.d card. which
dire. ls lhe
aclual
p.o.essing
of Lheconrmandso
rhe car.l,
freeing up lhe compute.'s CPLl fo. its
main compul ing r rsk.
Sol twarevendors esl ,each of lhe professional
Eraphics
ardsand
dr ive.s lo ce. t i fy which ones
work co.rect ly wi th
rhei . solrware,
These
esrs
check for issues uch
a$
s.reen errors and
dual
display support-On their Web si tcs,vendors ist
lhe supporied ca.ds and drivers. If
you
purchasc
a
ill)
graphics
boa.d md drivcr, make su.e that thc
CAD vendo. has cer t i f ied hem.
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For one,
Smphi.s
cdds 3nd today
s operating sJfrems,
such rs Microsoft's
Window XP, now
p.@ide support
for dual monitors,
which cm
provide
big
prcductiviff
gains
or engineers
{o.king in 3D CAD-
The other change
h6 ben hc deflating
p.ies
of flat
panel
displars over
the Lastcouple ofJars.
The higher resolut ion
of high'endmonitors
cnable
engineers working
in 3D CAD to see
more detail in
lhei . models as wel l
as mo.c of thei .
desiSn
layout
-
due to the additional
screen real
estatc
p.ovided
by biggcr displays.
In addiiion,
dual
monito.s
enablensinees
to display hei .
modeLs
on one sc.een,whi le keeping hc commandson
Prr l Iar t r l lh. VAR
Todry,
the valuc-addcd
eNl le.
(VAR) plays
an
essent i r l
o le in 3D implementat ion.
A
good
VAR
wil l
do most
of rhe egwo.k
for a cuslomer
implcmcnt ing
a 3D CAD solut ion
and 1]vi l l
e lp
down thc
t ine as companies
add ne usc
of
intcgrated
third.party software
lools.
vARs were
once
pr imar i ly
in the husincss
of resel l ing
sof iwarei however, heir ro le has evolved.
Cusl.ometsnow
expecr thc "value"add"
io
include
suppon and expc. t tse,
As a resul l , VARS
are no longer simply
pushing
"boxes,"
buL rather
are
playing
a kcy role in
del iver ing otal
solut ions
o
ihei .
custome.s
VARS
will be lnvolvcd
in all facets
of 3D implementattoni
p.oduct
sele.tion,
integral ion,
training,
implementation
supporL and
automrtion.
VARScan
make recommendatlons
rgarding
hardware
needs
as welt as troubleshoot
poienlial pitfalls,
suci
as
network issues,
ile management,
and dealing
with
legacy data.
"We
are much
more a
partner {rtn our customers
than wc were in
the
past,"
says Setze.
of Graphics
Systems Corporalion. 'ln
mmy ways,
wc vc
become
offshoots of thei.IT
department,
as it
becomes
more and more
difficuli to separate
software
issucs from nelwofk
issues from
g.aphics
ca.d issues.
So wc've become
much more
invorved
in other areas ot he
company s business- Plus,
we re educating noi only lhe engineers on new
techniques in 3D, bui the
IT
peopl
as well."
The Msnf,ger's Pe16pective:
Todd Mstrsfield,
Systems Engincer ing Team
Leader, ECCO
i:
What s thc biSgcst har.lwa.e
change a company
should anticipato when moving
ro 3D?
Ai It lakes a lot morc of a compuie.
to run a 3D
sysLem
han ir dos a 2D system-
With AutoCAD@,
yoo
.an
get
away with not up8rading
you.
machines n a reSularbasis.Bul whenyou move to
3l) ,
rhe.e s
going
o be morc data
Lo.runch and
that
reqr i .es a highr- lcvcl ystcm.
wirh lhe cost of
PCsdfopping, rhar rcal ly is no longer
a barr ier .
Uack n 2000, o buy a nicc CAD
wo.ksLal ion
ou
had o spend
$2,000lo
53,000. aday,
you
can buy
one hat would run 3D CAD
sof iware wt lh no
problem
for
$1,000
r lcss,cven
with I GB of RAM
:;
WhaL o
you
fecl are thc most c. i t ical
hardware
components
o consider?
Ai
Everyone
always talks about CPU, bur
RAM is
definitcly
going
to be a
pfimary,
if nol
l,hr
prlmr.y,
componnt
o
consider.
The amount of
p.ocessinS
yotr
can hold in that
.andom access memory is kcy.
Aecause
once
you
fiU ir up, lt slarts to
page
oui
and
utilize
the ha.d d.ive
-
and lhen il, becomes
much
Hard disk
is the only other key component
hat
CAD enginee.s
need to consider. I woul.l
recommend a decent-sized
hard drive that s
going
to be able to hold
your
filcs, because now, instead
otdeal in8 $| l t 260K i lcs. you re going o b c
de.ling with 25MIl
files. Thcs. JD files are higge.
because hey obviously
hold more dara.one of ouf
lcnses is a 25MB file,
and thaCs
ust
one
parr.
Thotrgh
those are important factors, it's really
ihc
eniire
ststem. You nccd a last
processor
to crunch
the dala, a
big f.ont-side bus to
pass
he
informalion,
lots of RAII so
you
don t
page
out, a
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specd. They 6ha.e
some of the
designs that
we do,
so we need better
connectivity
to ihcm, If
we
go
with a typical connection,
it s
going
to bc
way roo
slow. We might even
have to
go
to thc ext.eme
of
getting
a scrver setup
that is
identical to
what we
have hre, and only
pass
data
wirh changs.
\:
What considerations
do companies
need
ro
make regarding the
network's
se.ver?
A: Th biggest issue
is comparibility.
You have
to
make sure
your
se.ver
is compatiblc
with
your
actual CAD systems
notjusl
mechanical bul.
also
electric (ECAD) and hydraulics, pneumatrc, and
lDb. icat ion
UPL)
sysrems.
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
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lhahileUeslg:r om
Advancing
he
art of
moldmaking
Unconventional
oolmaking
cuts
signif icant
ime
from what 's usual ly
n
Paql
Dvotak
Senior
dl tor
,'s not hard
or tooling
costs
o devour
00,6 l a
development
udget And
once
constr0cled,
oldscan
makeonLy
ne
product
And
whn
production
inlshes,
molds
uslally
collect
ust on
warehouse
helves
or
years.
A few recent
deas,however,
promise
o
turn these
raditLons
n thelr
head.
For
nstance,
Laminale
oldcan
chopup to
1oo/o ff
traditional
oolin; ead lmes'
And
when
pu
into
producuon,
ts conformal
nd lood-cooling
hannels
elpshave
even
more lrne
off manufacturlng
lcles
Another
ecfnique
rmed
t
for- r9 large
e-ospace
rd marrne
arts
rlmrnares
lo
of -ough,ng,
t also
cutsup to
900/0 tr the
tlme LsLallv
eeded
or
lowtempe-ratuie
olds when
thls ool
s no
longerneeded,
ls sufface
anbe
adlusted
ndcut
again or new
parts
MOLDS
AYERBY
LAYER
Enoineers
r Faat4m,
Troy,
'1ich,, o.roweo
n
idea rom rapld
p.otolyping
o make
la; inatemolds,
P qLipment
u' lds
ans
ro|. ]
ma4y h n laYers
f
plast
so why
not bulld
njectionmolds
ayerby
layerout
of sheel
stock?
The echnique,
alled
amlnate
oollng,
slarts
with a cAD model
of a
part
software
'lilds
a moldbase
around he
part
and
hen
slices hls assembly
nto many
ayers,
cach
he thickness
f selected
heetstock.
A
high_speedaser
clts and
punches
details
f eachsllceofthe
mold
nto a steelor
aluminum
heet
Th ayers
re hen
pressed
ogethet bonded
o achieve
bout
940,6
f th ensileand
shear
trengthol
i-20 steel,
and lnlshed
machlned.
his ast
ask
puts
a fine inish
on the
part
surfaces
nd machines
jectors nd
other
mold
eatures class_A urfaces
may
reourrc latino
ne
aminate ool.
however,
orre
isers ay3s-'nished
aminale
too,no iart surracesrrrnoLt acceplaole a.ts,'saysFast4-n icePresident ob
Esl ing.
Laminate
molds
are made
ol coldrolled
teel,
300 and
400
stainless
teels,
nd 6061
T-6 al minum,
Steels
work
best or high+emperaturc
nd
pressur-injectionolds
whilealominum
s betterfor
ow-temperatur
nd
pressure
pplications
ut
stainlesssteel
oolshave
advantages
ver aluminum
e|sionsFor
ns|ance,
ood
venting
and hin-wall
construction
et tainless-steel
ools
perform
imilarlyo
aluminum
ools
but stainless
oes
not corrode,
atterns
re moraccurate
ue o
less he|lnal
expansion
ndconlraction,
nd t
far outlasts
luminum.
Laminate
moldsalso
et designers
lace
oolng ines
where
hey are mostuseful'
Heatconducis
rom he
molLen
lastlc
o the
moldand
s then removed
y coolant
flo,,ringhrougha networkof internal hannels. hennal
analysls f lhe
mold n the
design
tageaccuralely
redicts
he
location f hot
spots, ooling inescan hen
conr6rm
o tne
geometry
r the
part These onformal
ooling
ines emove our
o
f ive imes he
heat f radi t ional ly
un-dri l ledines.
The mold3&tlon Ir m.d.
by lEmln.tlng.hel
In th. Fa.t4m
m.thod. Llght-Hq.
aotohotlvc
p:.t
surtuund thc
part
..vlty.nd
rh. In..t caD lnage,
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Machrneuesrgnom
age o
Another nnovation,loodcooling.
ses arqe-surfa.e hannelshat create urbulence
in the flow o carw awavmoreheat han
aminarflow n smoothwallines,with
eithermethod, he
goal
s to maximize
eat ransferfrom he
part.
A
well-cooled
mold ets
parts
cooluniformly nd aster,
hls minimizingntemalstresses nd
trimming
production
ims.Another enefit
s uniform urface emperatures cross
the corand cavityofthe mold,
"ltore
efficient ooling ets manufaclurers
have30 to 50o/o
tr
a 60-sec
injectionmoldingycle," aysEsling. Large
arts
are usually
made
n singlecavity
molds.So n a machine apable f 7oo-ton lampingorcer hat equateso saving
about
$0.43/parr.
f the
ob
calls or 10o,ooo
arts/year,
hat comes o
$43.000
annual ly,"aysEsl ing,
Laminate
ooling
analso
build argemolds,However, urrent
equiprnentestricts
molds f about4 to 6-ft3. Generally,aminalemoldconstruction
osts essbecause
it's
made rom
sheetslock,
a relativelynexpensive aterlal
hat ls readilyavailable.
"costs
or a laminatemoldmay be I to 12o,.tess han
he samemold rom a
traditional hop.
And t
may rake bout 10o/oess he,"
saysEsling.
SUSTRACTIVE IN TOOLING
surface Gsnr.tlon In he lJ,K,developed n apprcach
alled ubtradivePin
Tolin9
SPT)
o bulldmolds hat usea
grid
of rectangularpins"
mounted n
threaded ods.Theirheightcan be adjustedo form
a roughneFshape urface. he
pinsareclarnped nd held n placeby a bolsterwhlle he workingmoldsurfaces
roughed nd lnishedwith traditionalmilllngequlpment.
vloldsmade his wayare
useful n abouta dozen perationsncludlng omposite
manufacturingruperplastic
fonhin9,vacuum ormin9,and
pattern
maklrg
"sFrT
hrlnks ead lmesand costsassoclate4wlth
argeand short-run omponenl
manuracluflngy crealinq he front a.e
of the tool, as opposedo an enti.es0lid
mold nsert," ays im Grayof llm D, Gray
& Assoc,nc., the NorthAmerlcan
dlstrlbutoror SPTh Richardson,ex, "Plns
anbe of
plastjc,
metal,ceramic, nd
evenwood,Graphit ouldbe used o make
a largeelectrode nd we'veven
proposed ins
of Inconel or a hlgh-lemperature
pplication,"
Accordinqo the
company,
PT oolsslash ostand ead lmesby up to 90oi, and t
cuts lme o marketby 350,6
or largeaomponents, nd RoIs are
prolected
n slx to
18 months.
'Thls
approach
llows
aplddesign teratlons y addlngmaterial, emovlngt, or
both,Over9006ofthe
moldcan
be rused n future
projects,
We suggest avlng he
model,not ts mold,and the system aneconomically
roduce
ne
part,"
saysGray.
"It's lmperatlvehat the flrst mold
be madeas
quickly
nd cheaply s
possible,"
dds
Gray. Toollng
s
onlyan asset
whlle ts beingused,So or low-volume ork, t is
ssentialto avea
reusable
ool, when he surface n the tool s no
longer
useful,
pin
hights
an
be
adjusted nd
rcut or new
parts."
Grayadds hat Strf also ets
users erify
assmblies,
anufacture ne-ol?s, nd
produce
everal
rototypes
rom
the
same
mold
o assess
ompeting esigns,
SPT
erformance
s
governed
y howcloselyhe
pins
can
produc
he near-net
shape f the required eometry.n mostcases, omposite PT oolsare morestable
than conventionalteel ools.
Forductilemalerials,machining
arameters
anbe set o blendaway he
pin+o-pin
joint,
usuallyess han 50 m. And
whennecessary, tempomrybondalong he
pin
boundarymay b usd o create
"single"
urface,
MODEL O CASTII{G I{ 10 DAYS
Fast
oolingalsocomes rom skillfully andling
.apid-prototyping achineo build
with
ow-mel materials, hese an be used o make
patterns
or losFwax asting.
For nstance, henengineers t Tecumseh roducts esearch aboratory, w
Holstein,Wis.,
spotteddesign hanges
n a two-cylindr ngine hy wer
developing,hey wouldmodifya CAD ile and sent l otr o th rapid'prototyping
facility
at the company's ompressorivision, The
cylinde|smeasured bout12 X
14 x 16 n.," says 4anufacturingngineer
avidWadsworth t Tecumseh
CompressorCo., n Dundee,4jch. The
sls rapidprototypin9quipmentrom 3D
lhe vertlcal llghtgold
lln
lt. coppalloy
b(
two eter eh*t3rna ramln.t
d mord.Th..llo
20 m
yet
shoE
d6e.ont.ct
wlth
tlre
Th. CAO nod.l h lor .tr HVAC du.t
on r er.
'
.hoM th. ohpl.rdry
po..lbl.
wlth
F..t4m'l
oollnq lln.4 In blu..
CADmd.l
ru.ri
8/10/2019 Advanced CAD Application Part 2
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.
l.l.nut durlng .n9ln.6 wlth
T4q|reh
C.rpr'sCo,In
Ounda, lllch,, ey th.y
rEdr rbout 20
v..latl6. of lh. .B.ll-.ngln.
.yllnd.r In ert
m.t.l, ech ln L- th.n two
w..k .
th nywh.cl-f.n lor r .onD. sr
l. h..L
or DuEForm,
a rugFd
pla
cr'Erwork
on
RP m.hln6fDm
30 S|at.hr. l*qm..l|'.
W.d.wonh
Ed thc
D.n
th.r wa.
t.ter
bolt.d io. .onpcsr
lor
phyJcat
tstttrg.
rage or
rhc rktangul.r
pln.
In.
Surt*. c.ne.rton
b.lnt .dls.t d
fo. h.lghr. Aft.M..dr
. .t.n
pln.
tlohtly tog.rhcr
tor rcushtns
.nd .urt.(
ott6 on th. Hru
h..hld.. Tht. SubrRdv.
Edq.d rad
tlre..nd c6r.
for t.EG not(
90'%.
Systemsbuilt he engine ylinder n
wax ovemight."After orming, he
wax
pattern
wascoatd n several ayers
f ceramic.whichwas baked nd sent
o a foundry.
Finishmachining
ollowed.But, notesWadsworth,otal ime rom receipt
f the c:AD
Rle o new unctional
art
ook only 10 days.
Prototype
parts
from
production
plastics
Gttlngworking
prototype
arts
n days et a vacuumcleaner
otormaker urn
out working nodels
f a new
deslgn n a week,
mor,englneers
t Amatk tncr Paoll,Pa., eceivednjectlon-moldd
arts
n Rynite, maierlal
strong
enough o survive
he
pressure enerated
n
performance
ests,
Before ulldlnghe
parts,
Protodold
lnc,, l,4aple laln, Yinn,. et
the motormaker
analyze
art
hodels or elmenB
hat mio
lead lme," saysAmetek ice Presldent
f Engineeringams hawcross.
changjng
stgns n ne
Instead f descrtbtng
lterai
lhe
phoneproved
a hugeadvantage
n
gettlng
a functlonalmodel
n ront of cllents
4lthin ne week,"
protomotd
created OO rqualltyparts or tstsby the engineering nd manrfacturtng epartments,nd clients,
l,4ostradltlonal apid-prototyplng
thods, owever, eliver
onlyone
part per
run and use
matertatsh6t deform
n rigorous
(
tests To solvesuch
problems,
unctlonalestingwasoften
put
on holduntll
productton
otds
ouldb devetoped,
ypiia
y
a i(
Prctomld.lcslOn.pel.l|3tr
and Protoquotq
the comp.ny'i.
Wbba*d
quodho.nd
dslEn-
analyrb
ry.tm,
lt
An.tck
6gheE ECiv wofklnq
pllot
panr
In fiv. daF for .u3torer
demonsFationi and
d6l9n
Th. moror deElopld
by AmGt
k
(rtshD
6rc.t th.
c.rbon bdrhs.nd
ai.-
hddltng
dfiu*r. lhe
arh.tlrF spport.nd
@rbon-b.ush
rysten
hang up.tde
down
iBted
of topltde up.
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CIIAPITR
,1
::a
tn the fi.st
chapter,
vreidiscussed
the
many
beneflts
of 3D deslgn,
amongwhtch
are
faste
engtneer i
8
changes.automated drawtng creatlon deslSn
.eus, and
easler
deslSn
and management
of
assembltes.
nolher
by-product
ofa 3D
lmplementat lon
s a huge
exploston
ol3D
data
a
companymust
manage
nd share
wlth
othef
departments,
uch
as manufactur lng
nd
purchastng.Wht le
cgacy
2D
systems
roduceone
type of engtneerlng
flle
-
drawtngs
-
3D
CAD
systems
roducseveral
ypes
of englner ln8
l les'
tncludtng
assembly,
ar t , and drawlng
ft les.
Part flles are
commonly
reLrsed
n
lnultlple
assembltes
nd
drawlnSsr
o carelul
t racklngof
the
relat tonshlPs
twen
par ls
and
thejr
respect lvc
assenrbl les
ust
b malnlalned
o
effecttvly
manage.
There nay
also
be a need
to
assoclate
on-CAD
documents
product maSs'
analysls,
and
rest resul ts
to rhe CAD
ll le
frnm
whlch t t was
created.
n ompanles
mplment lng
3D
CAD In
a Inul t lp le-user
workgroup
wlth
supplv
chaln
partnersas
wel l as customers
neer l lng
ccess
to
that 3D data.
some
form
ofdata
manageftent
systm
may bc
needed.
O
F.ctor ing
in Fi le
f , l . regcment
An lmpor lant
factor
n the ul t imate
success
tany
3D
CAD lmplcmentation
ls
effctlve
ftle
managenent.
wi th 2D
deslgn
svsrems
enginecrs
themsclves
often
name
files
in wavs
that dlfte'
from
those oI other
use.s
While
thts
might wo'k
with
2D systems,
t lnost
jkely
wl l l Iead
o
'haos
in
a data
r ich 3D
environment
A
.areful ly
thought
out
control
schme that
fully outlines
the
P.oper
procedurec
and srandards
hould
be dcveloped
very ear ly n the lmPlementat ion
Most 3D CAD
systems
have
a meansby
whtch
assembltes
re
creatcdby
combjnlng
parts
-
a
loglcal
approach,
tncedl f ferent
englneers
mlght
desiSn
ndivtdual
parts
and
asscmble her i
latcr '
Thls
approach,
howcvr,
can cad
to confuslon
later f
the
process sn' t control led.
Users
need o
be able
to l tnd the
atest
verslonof 3D