Advanced Computational Methods in

Heat Transfer IX

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NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN HEAT

TRANSFER

HEAT TRANSFER IX

Organised byWessex Institute of Technology, UK

Lund University of Technology, Sweden

Sponsored byThe Development in Heat Transfer Book Series

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE

B. SundénLund Institute of Technology, Sweden

C. A. BrebbiaWessex Institute of Technology, UK

CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN

R. AmanoA. Buikis

L. De BiaseG. De Mey

S. del GiudiceK. DomkeJ. Gylys

P. HeggsC. Herman

D. B. InghamY. Jaluria

P. S. LarsenX. Luo

A. MendesK. Onishi

H. Oosthuizen

B. PavkovicW. RoetzelB. Sarler

S. SinkunasA. C. M. Sousa

J. SzmydS. Yanniotis

Transactions Editor Carlos Brebbia

Wessex Institute of Technology Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst

Southampton SO40 7AA, UK Email: carlos@wessex.ac.uk

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences

Editorial Board

B. Abersek University of Maribor Slovenia

B Alzahabi Kettering University USA

K S Al Jabri Sultan Qaboos University Oman

A G Atkins University of Reading UK

J A C Ambrosio IDMEC Portugal

A F M Azevedo University of Porto Portugal

H Azegami Toyohashi University of Technology Japan

R Belmans Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

G Belingardi Politecnico di Torino Italy

E Blums Latvian Academy of Sciences Latvia

S K Bhattacharyya Indian Institute of Technology India

F-G Buchholz Universitat Gesanthochschule Paderborn Germany

A R Bretones University of Granada Spain

W Cantwell Liverpool University UK

J Byrne University of Portsmouth UK

S K Chakrabarti Offshore Structure Analysis USA

D J Cartwright Bucknell University USA

H Choi Kangnung National University Korea

A Chakrabarti Indian Institute of Science India

L De Biase University of Milan Italy

J J Connor Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

R de Borst Delft University of Technology Netherlands

L Debnath University of Texas-Pan American USA

G De Mey Ghent State University Belgium

S del Giudice University of Udine Italy

M Domaszewski Universite de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard France

I Doltsinis University of Stuttgart Germany

W Dover University College London UK

J Dominguez University of Seville Spain

K M Elawadly Alexandria University Egypt

J P du Plessis University of Stellenbosch South Africa

F Erdogan Lehigh University USA

M E M El-Sayed Kettering University USA

H J S Fernando Arizona State University USA

M Faghri University of Rhode Island USA

E E Gdoutos Democritus University of Thrace Greece

C J Gantes National Technical University of Athens Greece

D Goulias University of Maryland USA

R Gomez Martin University of Granada Spain

D Gross Technische Hochschule Darmstadt Germany

R H J Grimshaw Loughborough University UK

R C Gupta National University of Singapore

R Grundmann Technische Universitat Dresden Germany

K Hameyer Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

J M Hale University of Newcastle UK

P J Heggs UMIST UK

L Haydock Newage International Limited UK

D A Hills University of Oxford UK

C Herman John Hopkins University USA

T H Hyde University of Nottingham UK

M Y Hussaini Florida State University USA

N Ishikawa National Defence Academy Japan

D B Ingham The University of Leeds UK

N Jones The University of Liverpool UK

Y Jaluria Rutgers University USA

T Katayama Doshisha University Japan

D R H Jones University of Cambridge UK

E Kita Nagoya University Japan

S Kim University of Wisconsin-Madison USA

A Konrad University of Toronto Canada

A S Kobayashi University of Washington USA

T Krauthammer Penn State University USA

S Kotake University of Tokyo Japan

F Lattarulo Politecnico di Bari Italy

M Langseth Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

Y-W Mai University of Sydney Australia

S Lomov Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

B N Mandal Indian Statistical Institute India

G Manara University of Pisa Italy

T Matsui Nagoya University Japan

H A Mang Technische Universitat Wien Austria

R A W Mines The University of Liverpool UK

A C Mendes Univ. de Beira Interior Portugal

T Miyoshi Kobe University Japan

A Miyamoto Yamaguchi University Japan

T B Moodie University of Alberta Canada

G Molinari University of Genoa Italy

D Necsulescu University of Ottawa Canada

D B Murray Trinity College Dublin Ireland

H Nisitani Kyushu Sangyo University Japan

S-I Nishida Saga University Japan

P O'Donoghue University College Dublin Ireland

B Notaros University of Massachusetts USA

K Onishi Ibaraki University Japan

M Ohkusu Kyushu University Japan

E Outa Waseda University Japan

P H Oosthuizen Queens University Canada

W Perrie Bedford Institute of Oceanography Canada

G Pelosi University of Florence Italy

D Poljak University of Split Croatia

H Pina Instituto Superior Tecnico Portugal

H Power University of Nottingham UK

L P Pook University College London UK

I S Putra Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

D Prandle Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory UK

M Rahman Dalhousie University Canada

F Rachidi EMC Group Switzerland

T Rang Tallinn Technical University Estonia

K R Rajagopal Texas A & M University USA

B Ribas Spanish National Centre for Environmental Health Spain

D N Riahi University of Illinios-Urbana USA

W Roetzel Universitaet der Bundeswehr Hamburg Germany

K Richter Graz University of Technology Austria

S Russenchuck Magnet Group Switzerland

V Roje University of Split Croatia

B Sarler Nova Gorica Polytechnic Slovenia

H Ryssel Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen Germany

R Schmidt RWTH Aachen Germany

A Savini Universita de Pavia Italy

A P S Selvadurai McGill University Canada

B Scholtes Universitaet of Kassel Germany

L C Simoes University of Coimbra Portugal

G C Sih Lehigh University USA

J Sladek Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovakia

P Skerget University of Maribor Slovenia

D B Spalding CHAM UK

A C M Sousa University of New Brunswick Canada

G E Swaters University of Alberta Canada

T S Srivatsan University of Akron USA

C-L Tan Carleton University Canada

J Szmyd University of Mining and Metallurgy Poland

A Terranova Politecnico di Milano Italy

S Tanimura Aichi University of Technology Japan

S Tkachenko Otto-von-Guericke-University Germany

A G Tijhuis Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Netherlands

E Van den Bulck Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

I Tsukrov University of New Hampshire USA

R Verhoeven Ghent University Belgium

P Vas University of Aberdeen UK

B Weiss University of Vienna Austria

S Walker Imperial College UK

T X Yu Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong

S Yanniotis Agricultural University of Athens Greece

M Zamir The University of Western Ontario Canada

K Zakrzewski Politechnika Lodzka Poland

Advanced Computational Methods in

Heat Transfer IX

Editors

B. SundénLund University of Technology, Sweden

C. A. BrebbiaWessex Institute of Technology, UK

Published by

WIT PressAshurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UKTel: 44 (0) 238 029 3223; Fax: 44 (0) 238 029 2853E-Mail: witpress@witpress.comhttp://www.witpress.com

For USA, Canada and Mexico

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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A Catalogue record for this book is availablefrom the British Library

ISBN: 1-84564-176-0ISSN: 1746-4471 (print)ISSN: 1743-3533 (online)

The texts of the papers in this volume were set individuallyby the authors or under their supervision.Only minor corrections to the text may have been carriedout by the publisher.

No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher, the Editors and Authors for any injury and/ordamage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, orfrom any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in thematerial herein.

© WIT Press 2006

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Athenaeum Press Ltd., Gateshead.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

B. SundénLund Institute of Technology, Sweden

C. A. BrebbiaWessex Institute of Technology, UK

Preface

Research and developments of computational methods for solving andunderstanding heat transfer problems continue to be important because heat transfertopics are commonly of a complex nature and different mechanisms like heatconduction, convection, turbulence, thermal radiation and phase change may occursimultaneously. Although heat transfer might be regarded as an established andmature scientific discipline, its role and relevance in sustainable development andreduction of greenhouse gases as well as for micro- and nanoscale structures andbio-engineering have been identified recently. Non-linear phenomena may, besidesthe momentum transfer, appear due to temperature-dependent thermophysicalproperties. In engineering design and development works, reliable and accuratecomputational methods are requested to replace or complement expensive and timecomsuming experimental trial and error work. Tremendous advancements have beenachieved during recent years due to improved numerical solution approaches ofnon-linear partial differential equations and computer developments to achieveefficient and rapid calculations by parallelised computations on, e.g., PC-clusters.Nevertheless, to further progress computational methods in heat transfer,developments in theoretical and predictive procedures, both basic and innovative,and applied research are needed. To validate the numerical calculations accurateexperimental investigations are needed.

This book contains the edited versions of the papers presented at the NinthInternational Conference on Advanced Computational Methods and ExperimentalMeasurements in Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer held in the New Forest, AshurstLodge, Ashurst, UK in July 2006. The objective of this conference series is toprovide a forum for presentation and discussion of advanced topics, new approachesand application of advanced computational methods and experimental measurementsto heat and mass transfer problems. All papers have been reproduced directly frommaterial submitted by the authors but an attempt has been made to use a unifiedoutline and methods of presentation for each paper. The contributed papers aregrouped in appropriate sections to provide better access for readers. The selectedsections show the wide range of applied and fundamental problems in the heat andmass transfer field.

The editors would like to thank all the distinguished and wellknown scientistswho supported our efforts by serving in the International Scientific Advisory

Committee, reviewing the submitted abstracts and papers. The excellent administrativework of the conference secretariat at WIT is greatly appreciated and the efficient co-operation and encouragement by the staff at WIT Press contributed significantly inproducing the conference proceedings.

The Editors,May 2006

Contents

Section 1: Natural and forced convection A discussion on finite-difference schemes for low Prandtl number Rayleigh-Bénard convection X. Luo & W.-K. Chen ............................................................................................3 A numerical study of the convective heat transfer between a room and a window covered by a partially open plane blind with a gap at the top P. H. Oosthuizen .................................................................................................13 An analytical solution to the Graetz problem with viscous dissipation for non-Newtonian fluids R. Chiba, M. Izumi & Y. Sugano.........................................................................23 Heat transfer by unsteady laminar mixed convection in 2-D ventilated enclosures using the vorticity-stream function formulation S. Boudebous & Z. Nemouchi .............................................................................33 Effect of roughness shape on heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of solar air heater with roughened absorber plate A. Chaube, P. K. Sahoo & S. C. Solanki .............................................................43 Study of conjugate heat transfer accompanying mixed convection in a vertical tube submitted to a step of entry temperature O. Kholai, M. Kadja & T. H. Mai .......................................................................53 Section 2: Advances in computational methods An interaction of a sonic injection jet with a supersonic turbulent flow approaching a re-entry vehicle to atmosphere D. Sun & R. S. Amano.........................................................................................65

Simulation of coupled nonlinear electromagnetic heating with the Green element method A. E. Taigbenu.....................................................................................................77 Lattice Boltzmann simulation of vortices merging in a two-phase mixing layer Y. Y. Yan & Y. Q. Zu............................................................................................87 A numerical solution of the NS equations based on the mean value theorem with applications to aerothermodynamics F. Ferguson & G. Elamin ...................................................................................97 Solution of the radiative transfer problems in two-dimensional participating cylindrical medium with isotropic scattering using the SKN approximation N. Döner & Z. Altaç ..........................................................................................109 Presentation of the hemisphere method P. Vueghs & P. Beckers ....................................................................................121 Temperature identification based on pointwise transient measurements A. Nassiopoulos & F. Bourquin ........................................................................131 Section 3: Heat and mass transfer Heat transfer in 3D water and ice basins S. Ceci, L. De Biase & G. Fossati .....................................................................143 Coupled heat and moisture transport in a building envelope on cast gypsum basis J. Maděra, P. Tesárek & R. Černý....................................................................153 Spray water cooling heat transfer under oxide scale formation conditions R. Viscorova, R. Scholz, K.-H. Spitzer & J. Wendelstorf ..................................163 How to design compact mass transfer packing for maximum efficiency H. Goshayshi .....................................................................................................173 Autowave regimes of heat and mass transfer in the non-isothermal through-reactors A. M. Brener & L. M. Musabekova ...................................................................181

Experimental studies of heat transfer between crystal, crucible elements, and surrounding media when growing large-size alkali halide ingots with melt feeding V. I. Goriletsky, B. V. Grinyov, O. Ts. Sidletskiy, V. V. Vasilyev, M. M. Tymoshenko & V. I. Sumin .....................................................................191 Modelling of heat and mass transfer in water pool type storages for spent nuclear fuel E. Fedorovich, A. Pletnev & V. Talalov............................................................199 Section 4: Modelling and experiments Experimental study of in-line tube bundle heat transfer in vertical foam flow J. Gylys, S. Sinkunas, V. Giedraitis & T. Zdankus............................................213 Use of graphics software in radiative heat transfer simulation K. Domke...........................................................................................................221 On heat transfer variation in film flow related with surface cross curvature S. Sinkunas, J. Gylys & A. Kiela .......................................................................231 Experimental investigation of enhanced heat transfer of self-exciting mode oscillating flow heat pipe with non-uniform profile under laser heating F. Shang, H. Xian, D. Liu, X. Du & Y. Yang.....................................................241 Investigation of heat transfer in the cup-cast method by experiment, and analytical method F. Pahlevani, J. Yaokawa & K. Anzai...............................................................249 Atwood number effects in buoyancy driven flows M. J. Andrews & F. F. Jebrail ..........................................................................259 Testing of the vapour chamber used in electronics cooling A. Haddad, R. Boukhanouf & C. Buffone .........................................................269 Modeling a real backdraft incident fire A. Tinaburri & M. Mazzaro ..............................................................................279 Numerical and experimental studies in the development of new clothing materials E. L. Correia, S. F. C. F. Teixeira & M. M. Neves ...........................................289 Sensitivity analysis of a computer code for modelling confined fires P. Ciambelli, M. G. Meo, P. Russo & S. Vaccaro.............................................299

Conservative averaging as an approximate method for solution of some direct and inverse heat transfer problems A. Buikis ............................................................................................................311 Section 5: Heat exchangers and equipment Estimating number of shells and determining the log mean temperature difference correction factor of shell and tube heat exchangers S. K. Bhatti, Ch. M. Krishna, Ch. Vundru, M. L. Neelapu & I. N. Niranjan Kumar ....................................................................................323 The re-commissioned thermosyphon reboiler research facility in the Morton Laboratory A. Alane & P. J. Heggs .....................................................................................337 Analysis of water condensation and two-phase flow in a channel relevant for plate heat exchangers J. Yuan, C. Wilhelmsson & B. Sundén ..............................................................351 Numerical heat transfer modelling of staggered array impinging jets A. Ramezanpour, I. Mirzaee, R. Rahmani & H. Shirvani .................................361 The re-commissioning of a vent and reflux condensation research facility for vacuum and atmospheric operation J. C. Sacramento Rivero & P. J. Heggs ............................................................371 Heat transfer modelling in double pipes for domestic hot water systems I. Gabrielaitiene, B. Sunden & J. Wollerstrand................................................381 Convective heat transfer investigations at parts of a generator circuit breaker T. Magier, H. Löbl, S. Großmann, M. Lakner & T. Schoenemann ...................391 Simplified 3-D FE model of thermal conditions inside a shoe H. Raval, Z. W. Guan, M. Bailey & D. G. Covill ..............................................401 Section 6: Energy systems Radiative heat transfer in a model gas turbine combustor M. C. Paul & W. P. Jones .................................................................................413 Thermo-economics of an irreversible solar driven heat engine K. M. Pandey & R. Deb ....................................................................................423

Analysis of a new solar chimney plant design for mountainous regions M. A. Serag-Eldin..............................................................................................437 Section 7: Micro and nano scale heat and mass transfer Sinusoidal regime analysis of heat transfer in microelectronic systems B. Vermeersch & G. De Mey.............................................................................449 Viscous dissipation and temperature dependent viscosity effects in simultaneously developing flows in flat microchannels with convective boundary conditions S. Del Giudice, S. Savino & C. Nonino.............................................................457 Experimental study of water evaporation from nanoporous cylinder surface in natural convective airflow S. Hara ..............................................................................................................467 Author index ....................................................................................................477