INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Advanced Course inPsycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
An Example of Artificial Language Learning
Master on Linguistics(Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka)
2011/01/26
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Contents
1 INTRO:
2 Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
3 Language Learning Processes and StrategiesSegmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Contents
1 INTRO:
2 Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
3 Language Learning Processes and StrategiesSegmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Contents
1 INTRO:
2 Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
3 Language Learning Processes and StrategiesSegmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of Language
Biological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research Methods
Behavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of Language
Hierarchy of GrammarsResearch Methods
Behavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research Methods
Behavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research Methods
Behavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measures
ERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPs
fMRIArtificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar Learning
Transitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar LearningTransitional Probabilities
Possible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar LearningTransitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible Grammars
FSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
In previous days...
Propoerties of LanguageBiological Basis of LanguageHierarchy of Grammars
Research MethodsBehavioral measuresERPsfMRI
Artificial Grammar LearningTransitional ProbabilitiesPossible and Impossible GrammarsFSG vs. PSG
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Is Broca the seat of Syntax?Evidence from Aphasia
Left Anterior Temporal Lobe is also important in syntacticprocessing
Broca’s aphasics do not completely lack knowledge of syntax.
Broca’s aphasics exhibit semantic deficits
Broca’s aphasics not deficit of knowledge but a processing deficit
The brain areas that are damaged in Broca’saphasics need not to be the areas wheresyntactic knowledge is stored.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Isolating Syntax
In previous Literature1 Complex vs. Simple sentences
2 Sentences vs. Lists of Words3 Senteces vs. Jabberwocky4 Correct vs. Incorrect sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Isolating Syntax
In previous Literature1 Complex vs. Simple sentences2 Sentences vs. Lists of Words
3 Senteces vs. Jabberwocky4 Correct vs. Incorrect sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Isolating Syntax
In previous Literature1 Complex vs. Simple sentences2 Sentences vs. Lists of Words3 Senteces vs. Jabberwocky
4 Correct vs. Incorrect sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Isolating Syntax
In previous Literature1 Complex vs. Simple sentences2 Sentences vs. Lists of Words3 Senteces vs. Jabberwocky4 Correct vs. Incorrect sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Complex vs. Simple Sentences
BROCA (BA 44, 45)Complex conditions involveadditional syntacticoperations
Canonical Word OrderReconstructions vs. WorkingMemory Load
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Complex vs. Simple Sentences
BROCA (BA 44, 45)Complex conditions involveadditional syntacticoperationsCanonical Word OrderReconstructions vs. WorkingMemory Load
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Sentences vs. Words
no Broca activation
Very simple sentences were used.
Broca is not necessarily involved insyntactic operations
but only comes into play when theprocessing load increases.
Temporal Lobe
sometimes bilateral
patients with morphosyntacticproblems
superior and middle temporal gyri(BA 22, 21)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Jabberwocky and Syntactic Prose
examplesThe mumphy folofel fonged the apole trecon.The infuriated water grabbed the justifieddream.
STSPosterior Superior Temporal SulcusAnterior Superior Temporal Sulcus
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Correct vs. Incorrect Sentences
Syntactic violations haveconsequences for the semanticinterpretation.Detecting syntactic errors ofJabberwocky enlarge activity inleft BA45
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 11 Is there a specific area for syntax?
NO
2 Temporal LobeAnterior, middle and posterior parts of the Superior andMiddle Temporal Gyri.
3 Are areas unique for syntactic processing?NOBroca and Temporal Lobe’s areas has been activated inprocessing of syntactically unconnected words, lists ofsyllables, semantics, even during music perception
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 11 Is there a specific area for syntax?
NO2 Temporal Lobe
Anterior, middle and posterior parts of the Superior andMiddle Temporal Gyri.
3 Are areas unique for syntactic processing?NOBroca and Temporal Lobe’s areas has been activated inprocessing of syntactically unconnected words, lists ofsyllables, semantics, even during music perception
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 11 Is there a specific area for syntax?
NO2 Temporal Lobe
Anterior, middle and posterior parts of the Superior andMiddle Temporal Gyri.
3 Are areas unique for syntactic processing?NOBroca and Temporal Lobe’s areas has been activated inprocessing of syntactically unconnected words, lists ofsyllables, semantics, even during music perception
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.
None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.
Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.
Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.
Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.
Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.
Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Kaan and Swaab 2002
Conclusions 2Syntactic processing involves multiple brain areas.None of these areas are unique for syntax.Brain modularity for language remains unclear.Middle and superior temporal lobes → lexical processing.Anterior temporal lobe → encoding information.Borca → storing non-integrated material.Right areas → Prosody, ambiguity, discourse processing,and error detection.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds
⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words
⇒ phrases ⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases
⇒ sentences
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
Grammar Hierarchy
Finite Structure Grammars: [AB][AB][AB][AB][AB][AB]
Phrase Structure Grammars: [A[A[A[A[A[AB]B]B]B]B]B]
Transformational Grammars
Hierarchical Organization of Grammar
The man saw the woman with binoculars
Increasing Hierarchical Structure
sounds ⇒ words ⇒ phrases ⇒ sentencesMaster on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Segmenting words from a string
Saffran et al. 1996 → Transitional Probability: 8m.o.babies 2min of training.Pena et al. 2002 → Learning dependencies only withsubliminal pauses (50 ms.).McNealy et al. 2006 → fMRI replication of Saffran et al.1996.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Learning grammar
Morgan & Newport 1981 → Reference-world facilitatessyntax learning.Morgan, Meier, and Newport 1987 → Prosody, FunctionWords, and Morphological Concord facilates syntaxlearning.Saffran 2001 → Transitional Probabilities learninggrammars (Predictive dependencies).Thompson & Newport 2007 → Transformations (optionalelements, movement...) Statitiscal Computation learningsyntax.Musso et al. 2003 → UG vs. NON-UGFriederici et al. 2006 → [AB][AB] vs. [A[AB]B]
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
AIM
To see the progressive learning of an artificial language which characteristicskeep the core syntactic properties of natural languages like the recursivity,categories, argument structure and phrase structure architecture, excludingany semantics and prosody in order to avoid any cue but distributional cue.
Hypothesis
There is a progression in the learning from sounds to words, from words tophrases, and from phrases to sentences.
Question
Is it possible to learn a complex linguistic structure (PSG) by means ofdistributional cues only?
Answer 1: No (Morgan et al. 1987)
Answer 2: Yes (Saffran 2001; Thompson & Newport 2007)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
AIM
To see the progressive learning of an artificial language which characteristicskeep the core syntactic properties of natural languages like the recursivity,categories, argument structure and phrase structure architecture, excludingany semantics and prosody in order to avoid any cue but distributional cue.
Hypothesis
There is a progression in the learning from sounds to words, from words tophrases, and from phrases to sentences.
Question
Is it possible to learn a complex linguistic structure (PSG) by means ofdistributional cues only?
Answer 1: No (Morgan et al. 1987)
Answer 2: Yes (Saffran 2001; Thompson & Newport 2007)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Language learning processes and strategies
AIM
To see the progressive learning of an artificial language which characteristicskeep the core syntactic properties of natural languages like the recursivity,categories, argument structure and phrase structure architecture, excludingany semantics and prosody in order to avoid any cue but distributional cue.
Hypothesis
There is a progression in the learning from sounds to words, from words tophrases, and from phrases to sentences.
Question
Is it possible to learn a complex linguistic structure (PSG) by means ofdistributional cues only?
Answer 1: No (Morgan et al. 1987)
Answer 2: Yes (Saffran 2001; Thompson & Newport 2007)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1
Our Artifical LanguageThe Vocabulary
DET: re, Zo, Sa, Su, ri
REL: na, ve, zo, zi, nu
Noun: debi, gapi, pogue, tafe, kelo, laku, fisa, motu, suma
Vb1: besi, dibo, goda, puki, tefo
Vb2: tike, lume, fagu, mipa, sole
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1
Our Artifical LanguageThe Vocabulary
DET: re, Zo, Sa, Su, ri
REL: na, ve, zo, zi, nu
Noun: debi, gapi, pogue, tafe, kelo, laku, fisa, motu, suma
Vb1: besi, dibo, goda, puki, tefo
Vb2: tike, lume, fagu, mipa, sole
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1
The Sentences of the Language1. [N + D] + V12. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V13. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V14. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V15. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: FSG vs. PSGTHE SENTENCES GENERATED BY THE PSG
The Sentences of the Language
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
THIS FSG CAN GENERATE ALL THESE SENTENCES
”the fundamental aim in the linguistic analysis of a language L is toseparate the grammatical sequences which are the sentences of Lfrom the ungrammatical sequences and to study the structure of thegrammatical sequences. The grammar of L will thus be a device thatgenerates all of the grammatical sequences of L and none of theungrammatical one‘’ (Chomsky 1957 [2nd ed., 2002: 13]).
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: FSG vs. PSGTHE SENTENCES GENERATED BY THE PSG
The Sentences of the Language
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
THIS FSG CAN GENERATE ALL THESE SENTENCES
”the fundamental aim in the linguistic analysis of a language L is toseparate the grammatical sequences which are the sentences of Lfrom the ungrammatical sequences and to study the structure of thegrammatical sequences. The grammar of L will thus be a device thatgenerates all of the grammatical sequences of L and none of theungrammatical one‘’ (Chomsky 1957 [2nd ed., 2002: 13]).
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: FSG vs. PSGTHE SENTENCES GENERATED BY THE PSG
The Sentences of the Language
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
THIS FSG CAN GENERATE ALL THESE SENTENCES
THEN WE GENERATED TWO NEW CONDITIONS
Material generated by the PSG
11. [[[[[[[[[N+D]+V2]+R]+N]+D]+V2]+R]+N]+D]+V1
Material not allowed by the PSG
X NDNDV2RNDNDV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Design
Series of 10 training (12 min) and testing (5 min). Total = 2h45
Training
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Testing
1 Non-Syllables → Rejected by the participants
2 Non-Words → TP > 0, Sounds
3 Words → Combining syllables into words
4 Phrases → Combining words into phrases
5 Sentences → Highest level of complexity
6 Deviant Phrases → Ungrammatical phrases
7 Deviant Sentences → Ungrammatical sentences
Task: Scalar grammaticality judgment (from 0 to 5)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Design
Series of 10 training (12 min) and testing (5 min). Total = 2h45
Training
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Testing
1 Non-Syllables → Rejected by the participants
2 Non-Words → TP > 0, Sounds
3 Words → Combining syllables into words
4 Phrases → Combining words into phrases
5 Sentences → Highest level of complexity
6 Deviant Phrases → Ungrammatical phrases
7 Deviant Sentences → Ungrammatical sentences
Task: Scalar grammaticality judgment (from 0 to 5)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Design
Series of 10 training (12 min) and testing (5 min). Total = 2h45
Training
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Testing
1 Non-Syllables → Rejected by the participants
2 Non-Words → TP > 0, Sounds
3 Words → Combining syllables into words
4 Phrases → Combining words into phrases
5 Sentences → Highest level of complexity
6 Deviant Phrases → Ungrammatical phrases
7 Deviant Sentences → Ungrammatical sentences
Task: Scalar grammaticality judgment (from 0 to 5)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Design
Series of 10 training (12 min) and testing (5 min). Total = 2h45
Training
1. [N + D] + V1
2. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V1
3. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
4. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V1
5. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]
7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]
8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Testing
1 Non-Syllables → Rejected by the participants
2 Non-Words → TP > 0, Sounds
3 Words → Combining syllables into words
4 Phrases → Combining words into phrases
5 Sentences → Highest level of complexity
6 Deviant Phrases → Ungrammatical phrases
7 Deviant Sentences → Ungrammatical sentences
Task: Scalar grammaticality judgment (from 0 to 5)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Results Across Conditions (n = 6)
Word SegmentationPreference to the structured conditionsImpossible to distinguish correct and incorrect structures
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Results Across Sessions (n = 6)
Word learned from the beginning AND The performance was decreasing
Conclusions
The experiment was too long, participants got tired
Words easily recognized
Some kind of preference to structure
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 1: Results Across Sessions (n = 6)
Word learned from the beginning AND The performance was decreasing
Conclusions
The experiment was too long, participants got tired
Words easily recognized
Some kind of preference to structure
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Aim
Progressive learning, core syntactic properties, no semantics, no prosody
Design
Extend the experiment in 5 days
Syllable Detection Task in the training in order to increase the attentionof the participants.
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Increase the amounto of words of the Vocabulary
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: The Language
The Vocabulary
DET like elements: ga, gi, to, fu, mi
COMP like elements: li, no, di, do, lu
NOUN like elements: pare, tero, kodi, buna, dugo, faru, cena, sige,gimu, monu, nulli, llajo, lebi, gofe, pulle, case
VERB1 like elements: petu, tine, quira, zori, dallo, geni, soni, fisu
VERB2 like elements: tade, juma, mellu, noe, kuza, poque, bepi, jafo
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: The Language
The Vocabulary
DET like elements: ga, gi, to, fu, mi
COMP like elements: li, no, di, do, lu
NOUN like elements: pare, tero, kodi, buna, dugo, faru, cena, sige,gimu, monu, nulli, llajo, lebi, gofe, pulle, case
VERB1 like elements: petu, tine, quira, zori, dallo, geni, soni, fisu
VERB2 like elements: tade, juma, mellu, noe, kuza, poque, bepi, jafo
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: The Language
The Vocabulary
DET like elements: ga, gi, to, fu, mi
COMP like elements: li, no, di, do, lu
NOUN like elements: pare, tero, kodi, buna, dugo, faru, cena, sige,gimu, monu, nulli, llajo, lebi, gofe, pulle, case
VERB1 like elements: petu, tine, quira, zori, dallo, geni, soni, fisu
VERB2 like elements: tade, juma, mellu, noe, kuza, poque, bepi, jafo
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2
Procedure (extended in 5 days)Day 1: Training + TestingDay 2: Double trainingDay 3: Training + TestingDay 4: Double trainingDay 5: Training + Testing (TP=0)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1. [N + D] + V12. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V13. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V14. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V15. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + Rel] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task
High Frequency Syllable identification alternating last and first syllables ofbisyllabic words.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1. [N + D] + V12. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V13. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V14. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V15. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + Rel] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]
Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task
High Frequency Syllable identification alternating last and first syllables ofbisyllabic words.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1. [N + D] + V12. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V13. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V14. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V15. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + Rel] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task
High Frequency Syllable identification alternating last and first syllables ofbisyllabic words.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1. [N + D] + V12. [ [ [V1 +R] + N]] + D]]] + V13. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V14. [[[[[[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V15. [N + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]6. [[[V1 +R] + N] + D] + [ [N + D] + V2]7. [[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + [[N + D] + V2]8. [N + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]9. [N + D] + [[[[[[N + D] + V2 ] R] + N] + D] + V2]
10. [[[V1 + Rel] + N] + D] + [[[[V1 + R] + N] + D] + V2]Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task
High Frequency Syllable identification alternating last and first syllables ofbisyllabic words.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
Sentences (80 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
Sentences (80 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
Sentences (80 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
Sentences (80 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
TP = 0 Phrases (32 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
TP = 0 Sentences (32 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Grammars (days 1 and 3 20 items; day 5 40 items)
PSG NDV2CNDV2CNDV1 FSG NDNDV2NDNDV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
TP = 0 Phrases (32 items)
DP: ND DNCP: V1C CV1VP: NDV2 V2DNNP: V1CN NCV1
TP = 0 Sentences (32 items)
NDV1 NCV1NDNDV2C NDV2DV1NDV2CNDV1 NCNDV2DV1NDV1CNDV2 NDV1DCNV2
Grammars (days 1 and 3 20 items; day 5 40 items)
PSG NDV2CNDV2CNDV1 FSG NDNDV2NDNDV2
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results WORDS (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results WORDS (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results WORDS (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results PHRASES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results PHRASES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results PHRASES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results PHRASES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results SENTENCES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results SENTENCES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results SENTENCES (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results GRAMMARS (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results TP = 0 (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Results TP = 0 (n = 4)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Discussion
Word Recognition
The words increase the scores across days; non-words remainSo, the vocabulary was not completely learned
Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic asymmetry
Phrase and Sentence Recognition
The scores of grammatical and ungrammatical phrases icrease.So, the structure of the language was not learned.
TP = 0 Material
Structured strings and non-structured strings both similar scores.
Grammar Preference
Small preference for the PSG only the first day.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Discussion
Word Recognition
The words increase the scores across days; non-words remainSo, the vocabulary was not completely learned
Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic asymmetry
Phrase and Sentence Recognition
The scores of grammatical and ungrammatical phrases icrease.So, the structure of the language was not learned.
TP = 0 Material
Structured strings and non-structured strings both similar scores.
Grammar Preference
Small preference for the PSG only the first day.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Discussion
Word Recognition
The words increase the scores across days; non-words remainSo, the vocabulary was not completely learned
Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic asymmetry
Phrase and Sentence Recognition
The scores of grammatical and ungrammatical phrases icrease.So, the structure of the language was not learned.
TP = 0 Material
Structured strings and non-structured strings both similar scores.
Grammar Preference
Small preference for the PSG only the first day.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: Discussion
Word Recognition
The words increase the scores across days; non-words remainSo, the vocabulary was not completely learned
Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic asymmetry
Phrase and Sentence Recognition
The scores of grammatical and ungrammatical phrases icrease.So, the structure of the language was not learned.
TP = 0 Material
Structured strings and non-structured strings both similar scores.
Grammar Preference
Small preference for the PSG only the first day.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.
The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
Prosodic Component
After two vain attempts trying to teach participants the grammar of ourartificial language, we decided to introduce prosodic cues to see if it wouldhelp the participants.The artificial language of the third experiment had three linguisticcomponents: the Lexical component, the Grammatical component, and theProsodic component. The Semantic component of language remained out ofour third artificial language.
Design
5 days experiment
During the training: Syllable Detection Task
Level driven Task: Testing single units of complexity (words, phrases, ...)
Transitional Probabilities = 0 phrases and sentences in the testing
Phrase Structure Grammar vs. Finite State Grammar
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: The Language
The Vocabulary
16 bisyllabic words like Nouns: budo, debi, gapi, poge, tafe, kelo, laku,fisa, motu, suma, cheno, zuvi, vomu, seko, chito, peja
5 monosyllabic words like Determiners: re, jo, cha, chu, ri
16 bisyllabic words like Verbs8 behaving like intransitives: besi, dibo, goda, puki, tefo, jugi, rova, rani8 behaving like transitives: tike, lume, fagu, mipa, sole, kaje, duza, fune
5 monosyllabic words like Complementaizers: na, ve, zo, zi, nu
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: The Language
The Vocabulary
16 bisyllabic words like Nouns: budo, debi, gapi, poge, tafe, kelo, laku,fisa, motu, suma, cheno, zuvi, vomu, seko, chito, peja
5 monosyllabic words like Determiners: re, jo, cha, chu, ri
16 bisyllabic words like Verbs8 behaving like intransitives: besi, dibo, goda, puki, tefo, jugi, rova, rani8 behaving like transitives: tike, lume, fagu, mipa, sole, kaje, duza, fune
5 monosyllabic words like Complementaizers: na, ve, zo, zi, nu
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: The Language
The Vocabulary
16 bisyllabic words like Nouns: budo, debi, gapi, poge, tafe, kelo, laku,fisa, motu, suma, cheno, zuvi, vomu, seko, chito, peja
5 monosyllabic words like Determiners: re, jo, cha, chu, ri
16 bisyllabic words like Verbs8 behaving like intransitives: besi, dibo, goda, puki, tefo, jugi, rova, rani8 behaving like transitives: tike, lume, fagu, mipa, sole, kaje, duza, fune
5 monosyllabic words like Complementaizers: na, ve, zo, zi, nu
The Grammar
S → DP + VPDP → NP + DNP → (RelC) + NRelC → VP + RelVP → (DP) + V
BUT
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: Prosody
Every sentences type of the experimental material had aestablished pitch pattern. The pitch pattern was obtained fromthe pitch pattern of the same structures in a natural Head Finallanguage. We applied that picht pattern directly to thesentences of our artificial language.Concerning to the duration of the phonemes, we appliedproportionally the absolute values recorded from Basque to thesentences of the experiment. That is, the duration of aphoneme in a given experimental sentence was proportional tothe duration of the phoneme itself and the duration of thephoneme in the same structural position of Basque.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3
ProcedureDay 1: Training + TestingDay 2: Double trainingDay 3: Training + TestingDay 4: Double trainingDay 5: Training + Testing (TP=0)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1 [N D] Vintr
2 [[Vintr C] N D] Vintr
3 [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr
4 [[[[Vintr C] N D] Vtr C] N D] Vintr
5 [N D] N D Vtr
6 [[Vintr C] N D] N D Vtr
7 [[N D Vtr C] N D] N D Vtr
8 [N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
9 [N D] [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vtr
10 [[Vintr C] N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task: High Frequency Syllable identification.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1 [N D] Vintr
2 [[Vintr C] N D] Vintr
3 [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr
4 [[[[Vintr C] N D] Vtr C] N D] Vintr
5 [N D] N D Vtr
6 [[Vintr C] N D] N D Vtr
7 [[N D Vtr C] N D] N D Vtr
8 [N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
9 [N D] [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vtr
10 [[Vintr C] N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task: High Frequency Syllable identification.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: Training10 sentences types range from 5 to 14 syllables (200 sentences = 24 min)
1 [N D] Vintr
2 [[Vintr C] N D] Vintr
3 [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr
4 [[[[Vintr C] N D] Vtr C] N D] Vintr
5 [N D] N D Vtr
6 [[Vintr C] N D] N D Vtr
7 [[N D Vtr C] N D] N D Vtr
8 [N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
9 [N D] [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vtr
10 [[Vintr C] N D] [[Vintr C] N D] Vtr
Days 2 and 4 Double Training (400 sentences = 48 min)
Task: High Frequency Syllable identification.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
Testing Phrasescorrect phrases deviant phrases
[ND] *[DN][Vintr C] *[CVintr ][NDVtr ] *[NCVtr ][Vintr CN] *[Vintr DN]
Sentences (80 items)
Testing Sentencescorrect sentences deviant sentences
[N D] Vintr *N C Vintr
[N D] N D Vtr *N D Vtr D Vintr
[[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr *N C N D Vtr D Vintr
[N D [Vintr C N D] Vtr *[N D [Vintr D C N Vtr
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
Testing Phrasescorrect phrases deviant phrases
[ND] *[DN][Vintr C] *[CVintr ][NDVtr ] *[NCVtr ][Vintr CN] *[Vintr DN]
Sentences (80 items)
Testing Sentencescorrect sentences deviant sentences
[N D] Vintr *N C Vintr
[N D] N D Vtr *N D Vtr D Vintr
[[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr *N C N D Vtr D Vintr
[N D [Vintr C N D] Vtr *[N D [Vintr D C N Vtr
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
Testing Phrasescorrect phrases deviant phrases
[ND] *[DN][Vintr C] *[CVintr ][NDVtr ] *[NCVtr ][Vintr CN] *[Vintr DN]
Sentences (80 items)
Testing Sentencescorrect sentences deviant sentences
[N D] Vintr *N C Vintr
[N D] N D Vtr *N D Vtr D Vintr
[[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr *N C N D Vtr D Vintr
[N D [Vintr C N D] Vtr *[N D [Vintr D C N Vtr
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
Task: Scalar gammaticality decision
Words (84 items)
The words of the vocabulary → Monosyllabic and bisyllabic non-words
Phrases (80 items)
Testing Phrasescorrect phrases deviant phrases
[ND] *[DN][Vintr C] *[CVintr ][NDVtr ] *[NCVtr ][Vintr CN] *[Vintr DN]
Sentences (80 items)
Testing Sentencescorrect sentences deviant sentences
[N D] Vintr *N C Vintr
[N D] N D Vtr *N D Vtr D Vintr
[[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr *N C N D Vtr D Vintr
[N D [Vintr C N D] Vtr *[N D [Vintr D C N Vtr
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 2: TESTING
TP = 0 Phrases (32 items)
New Correct Phrases[N D] [Vintr C] [NDVtr ] [Vintr CN]
budo re besi na motu chu tike besi ve budodebi jo dibo ve suma ri lume dibo zo gapi
gapi cha goda zo jeno re fagu goda zi debipoge chu puki zi zuvi jo mipa puki nu tafe
tafe ri tefo nu vomu cha sole tefo na poguekelo re jugui na seko chu kaje jugui ve kelolaku jo rova ve chito ri duza rova zo lakufisa cha rani zo peja re fune rani zi fisa
Structures of the New Incorrect Phrases[CN] [CV] [NVD] [CVN]
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
TP = 0 Sentences (32 items)
New Correct Sentences[N D] Vintr [N D] N D Vtr [[N D Vtr C] N D] Vintr [N D [Vintr C N D] Vtr
budo re besi budo jo peja ri tike motu chu tike na peja jo rani gapi jo besi ve budo re tike
debi jo goda debi cha chito jo lume suma ri lume ve chito chu rova debi re dibo zo gapi jo fune
gapi cha dibo gapi chu seko re mipa cheno re fagu zo seko cha jugui tafe chu goda zi debi cha duza
poge chu tefo pogue ri vomu chu sole zuvi jo mipa zi vomu ri tefo kelo cha puki nu tafe chu mipa
tafe ri puki tafe re zuvi cha kaje vomu cha sole nu zuvi re puki fisa re tefo na pogue ri kaje
kelo re jugui kelo jo suma re duza seko chu kaje na suma jo dibo laku ri jugui ve kelo re lume
laku jo rova laku cha cheno ri fune chito ri duza ve cheno cha goda pogue cha rova zo laku jo sole
fisa cha rani fisa chu motu jo fagu peja re fune zo motu ri besi budo chu rani zi fisa cha fagu
Structures of the New Incorrect Sentences[NCV] [NVDCV] [NVVNCV] [NCDCVDRV]
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: TESTING
Grammars (days 1 and 3 20 items; day 5 40 items)
Testing GrammarsPhrase Structure Grammar Finite State Grammar
NDVtr CNDVtr CNDVintr NDNDVtr CNDNDVtr
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: RESULTS (n = 9) WORDS
Significant interaction between Day and Correctness.Including length factor, interaction of Lenght and Correcteness(F (1, 5) = 4.3; p < .01).
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: RESULTS (n = 9) PHRASES
Effect of Condition (F (1, 6) = 20.7; p < .01).
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: RESULTS (n = 9) SENTENCES
Significant interaction (F (2, 12) = 18.3; p < .001) between Day andCorrecteness.Shorts easier than Long
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: RESULTS (n = 9) GRAMMARS
No signficant interaction.(Condition: F (1, 6) = 3.18; p = .12 and Day: F (2, 12) = 2.1; p = .17)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
Pilot Study 3: RESULTS (n = 9) TP = 0
Trend for new-phrases in comparison with new-pseudophrases(F (1, 6) = 5.6; p = .055)
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
General Discussion
Word Learning
Large vocabulary learning without semantics nor prosody
Monosyllabic vs. Bisyllabic asymmetry
Syntactic Pattern Learning
Only with prosody
New Material
Ratings close to illegal structures
However, higher scores to new combinations respecting Grammar
Grammar Generalization
No evidence for PSG rather than FSG in longer structures.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
General Discussion
Word Learning
Large vocabulary learning without semantics nor prosody
Monosyllabic vs. Bisyllabic asymmetry
Syntactic Pattern Learning
Only with prosody
New Material
Ratings close to illegal structures
However, higher scores to new combinations respecting Grammar
Grammar Generalization
No evidence for PSG rather than FSG in longer structures.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
General Discussion
Word Learning
Large vocabulary learning without semantics nor prosody
Monosyllabic vs. Bisyllabic asymmetry
Syntactic Pattern Learning
Only with prosody
New Material
Ratings close to illegal structures
However, higher scores to new combinations respecting Grammar
Grammar Generalization
No evidence for PSG rather than FSG in longer structures.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
General Discussion
Word Learning
Large vocabulary learning without semantics nor prosody
Monosyllabic vs. Bisyllabic asymmetry
Syntactic Pattern Learning
Only with prosody
New Material
Ratings close to illegal structures
However, higher scores to new combinations respecting Grammar
Grammar Generalization
No evidence for PSG rather than FSG in longer structures.
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
INTRO:Is Broca the seat of Syntax?
Language Learning Processes and Strategies
Segmenting Words from a StringLearning GrammarOur Experiments
The End
Master on Linguistics (Kepa Erdozia and Itziar Laka) Advanced Course in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics