Advanced Hop Products...CO 2 Hop Extracts District Northwest OCT 12,13 2018 Yakima, WA • CO 2 Hop...

Advanced

Hop

ProductsPhil Chou

John I. Haas

District Northwest OCT 12,13 2018 Yakima, WA

Hops in Beer…Why?

District Northwest OCT 12,13 2018Yakima, WA

Worldwide, hops are now an essential ingredient in beer that provide beneficial (if

not magical) properties to beer:

Flavor and Aroma

• Derived primarily from hop essential oils

• Polyphenols and glycosides may contribute

Bitterness

• a-acids iso-a-acids

Preservative Value

• Hop acids inhibit gram-

positive bacterial growth

Visual appeal (head retention)

• Long-lasting, attractive foam

Legal

• Reinheitsgebot

Complexity of Hop Products

District Northwest

HOP OIL

HOP EXTRACT

ISOMERIZED

KETTLE EXTRACT(IKE)

ISOMERIZED HOP

PELLETS

(Isopellets)

RHO

(rho-iso-a-acids)

TETRA

(tetrahydro-iso-a-acids)

ISO

(iso-a-acids)

HOP PELLETS

Type 90

KETTLE

PRODUCTS

WHOLE HOPSHOP PELLETS

Type 45

(Lupulin Enriched)

OIL RICH

EXTRACT

AROMA EXTRACT

(Oil Enriched)

HEXA(hexahydro-iso-a-acids)

POST-FERMENTATION

PRODUCTS

Worldwide Distribution of Hop Products


Total Hops – alpha basis

Advanced Products - Brewing

Iso8%

Rho20%

Tetra70%

Hexa2%

Extract

CO2 as a Solvent – Liquid & Supercritical


CO2 Hop Extracts


• CO2 Hop Extracts are produced from T90 type pellets

using pressurized carbon dioxide, either liquid CO2 or

super-critical CO2.

• Extract is composed of hop lupulin gland resin

components including alpha acids, beta acids and oils.

The extraction process maintains integrity of hop

components (unchanged from pellet resinous

compounds).

• The hop vegetative compounds and most water soluble

components (e.g. cellulose, proteins, minerals,

polyphenols) are not extracted with carbon dioxide.

Production of CO2 Extract


Extraction

Vessel

(filled with

Pellets)

Heat

Exchanger

Pure

Super-

Critical

CO2

CO2

Storage

Vessel

Super-Critical CO2 with

Dissolved Material

CO2

Pump

Heat

Exchanger

evaporates

CO2

Separator

Hop

Extract

Condensor

liquifies

CO2

Gaseous

CO2

Liquid CO2

Pressure

Control

Valve

CO2 Hop Extracts


• Extracts are concentrated and very stable

hop products.

• The extract represents approximately 25% of

the original mass of the pellet.

• The alpha acids content in extract is about 3-

4 times the pellet concentration.

• Extracts reduce the volume of hop vegetative

material needed to bitter beer.

CO2 Hop Extracts


• They can be added early or late in the boil.

• Commonly available extracts are from the

bitter hop varieties.

• Extracts can be pre-isomerized for better

utilization.

Advantages of CO2 Extract


• Excellent storage stability – can be stored for extended periods at room temperature

• Best a-acid utilization of classic kettle products

• Consistent and uniform

• Eliminates hop vegetative material – no wort or beer losses

• Can easily be applied toautomatic dosing systems

Isomerized Kettle Extract (IKE)


Contains the components of CO2 Extract, but the alpha acids are isomerized and provide greatly enhanced bitterness utilization.

Similar in effect as isomerized hop pellets.

Utilized primarily for beer bitterness, i.e. early kettle addition.

Considerations with Isomerized Kettle Extract:

Heat of pre-isomerization reaction can affect hop oils and flavor-matching.

IKE is not as stable as traditional kettle extract.

CO2 Extract

Alkaline Water and

Mg++

Isomerization

Alpha Acids

Isomerization

Separation

Acid Addition

Wastewater

Resinous IKE in

free-acid state

Waste

Acid

Tank

Packaging

Advanced Hop Products


Developed from the separation, purification and

standardization of hop components designed to

separate and optimize the various functionalities of

hops, thereby adding flexibility in use and

enhancing hops’ utilization in brewing.

• Typically dosed post-fermentation

• Often called “downstream” hop products.

Advanced Hop Products


Isomerized hop extract (Iso)

Post-fermentation bittering

Reduced isomerized hop extract (Rho)

Post-fermentation bittering; light protection

Tetrahydro-iso-a-acids (Tetra)

Post-fermentation bittering; light protection; foam

enhancement

Hexahydro-iso-a-acids (Hexa)

Post-fermentation bittering, light protection; foam

enhancement

Specialty Aroma Products (Hop Oils, Hop Oil Emulsion)

Hop Anti-foam (HopAid ®)

Light Protection


Iso-a-acids, when exposed to light in beer, form a light-struck, skunky

aroma due to the formation of 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol (3-MBT).

iso-a-acids

Light-struck Compound

3-methyl-2-butene-1-

thiol

Foam Enhancement


One minute following pour

Control Lager Tetra Addition

Hop Aroma


Design by Victor AlgazzaliGraphics from

http://www.bojensen.net/index.htmlTable adapted from: Eyres, G.; Dufour, J.

Hop Oil Composition


Terpenes

Terpene alcoholsEsters

Thiols

Sesquiterpenes

Hops

Linalool

Humulene

Myrcene

Eugenol

Caryophyllene

Geranyl Acetate

4-MMP

Hyrdrocarbons

Oxygen-

containing

Compounds

Sulfur-

containing

Compounds

Total Essential Oil


Essential Oil and Aroma

• Primary source of hop aroma

• Varietal Dependent

• Essential Oil = ml/100g hops

Linalool

Myrcene

Isovaleric Acid

Sulfur Compounds

Hundreds more!

Gas Chromatography – Hop Oils


Golding

Centennial

Biotransformation of Essential Oils


King, Yeast 2000; 16: pp.499-506.

2

Bound Aroma


Sugar Geraniol

EnzymeAcid

Hydrolysis

Sugar

Geraniol

Sugar

Geraniol

Specialty Oil Products


Barth-Haas YCH Steiner Kalsec Totally Natural Solutions

Pure Hop Oil

Emulisified Hop Oil

PHA Classics

- Rose

- Myrcene

- Citrusy

- Sylvan

- Spicy

- Floral

- Herbal

- Custom

PHA Varietal

PHA Varietal Topnotes

Elevate®

- Fruity

Natural Additions™

- Bergamot

- Tangerine

- Grapefruit

- Coconut

- Honey

- Smoke

- Coriander

- Tropical

Hop Oil

Hop Oil Type Dry

Hop Oil Type Noble

Hop Oil Type Noble Plus

Kettle Aroma

- Prelude

- Crescendo

- KAE-7

- Grandissimo

Kettle Aroma + Bitter

- KAE 4/3A

Hop Rival®

- Fanfare

- Classical

- Dry Hop I

- Dry hop III

- Dry Hop IV

Neat Hop Oils

- Myrcene Rich

- Caryophyllene Rich

- Humulene Rich

- Sesquiterpene Rich

Hops Plus Natural Flavors

- Pumpkin Spice

- Black Pepper

- Multi-Dimensional Heat

- Fusionary® Wit Bier

- Lemon Shandy

- Passion Fruit

- Blood Orange Moon

- Beer Type Flavor

- Barrel Aged Flavor

- West Coast Hopshine

Craft Brew Solution

- Bitter Blaster®

- Head Master®

- Hopfenatic®

- Hopcitrales™

- Trop Hopical®

HopShot Products

- Spicy

- Sylvan

- Floral

- Herbal

- Citrus

- Varietal

- Ale

- Hero

- Esters

- IPA

- Lager

- Pilsner

- Rose

- Stout

HopBurst® Products

- Bespoke

- Centurion

- Citrulicious

- Floret

- Geronimo

- Halo

- Howitzer

- Kentish Gold

- Limonata

- Magnifico

- Outback

- Pacific Northwest

- South Pacific

- Super Citrus

- Tutti-fruitti

- Uncle Sam

- Varietal

- Victory

Hop Sensation Products

- Deep Sea

- Dynamite

- Invicta

- Midnight Blush

- Pear-fect 10

- Sunburst

Hop Plus Products

- Autumn Berry

- Cilantro

- Elder Statesman

- Florentine

- Orange Candy

- Prose

- Rubus

- Sour Kraut

- Tahiti

- Weissbier

Citrus Hop Oil Product Sensory


Citrus Oil Addition Rate: 15 g/hl

Citrus Hop Oil Product Sensory


Saaz Aroma Product Addition Rate: 10 g/hl

Application of Hop Oils: Challenges


• Solubility:

Dosing

Solvent Carrier

• Impact:

Aroma intensity

Doesn’t yield true dry hopping aroma

• Cost

Summary


• CO2 extracts provide the brewer with process

flexibility:

Bittering

Foam Enhancement

Aroma

• Supply chain savings.

• Holy Grail: Dry hopping without dry hopping!

Acknowledgements


• Victor Algazzali

• Daniel Sharp

• Tim Kostelecky

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Advanced Hop Products...CO 2 Hop Extracts District Northwest OCT 12,13 2018 Yakima, WA • CO 2 Hop...

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