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Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

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Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009. Dan C. Marinescu Email: [email protected] Office: HEC 439 B. Office hours: M, Wd 3 – 4:30 PM. TA: Chen Yu Email: yuchen @cs.ucf.edu Office: HEC 354. Office hours: M, Wd 1.00 – 3:00 PM. Last, Current, Next Lecture. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009 Dan C. Marinescu Email: [email protected] Office: HEC 439 B. Office hours: M, Wd 3 – 4:30 PM. TA: Chen Yu Email: yuchen@cs.ucf.edu Office: HEC 354. Office hours: M, Wd 1.00 – 3:00 PM. 1
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Page 1: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009Dan C. Marinescu

Email: [email protected]: HEC 439 B. Office hours: M, Wd 3 – 4:30 PM.

TA: Chen YuEmail: [email protected]: HEC 354. Office hours: M, Wd 1.00 – 3:00 PM.

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Page 2: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

Last, Current, Next Lecture Last time:

Page replacement algorithms Today

I/O subsystem Next time:

File Systems

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Page 3: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

I/O Systems

I/O HardwareApplication I/O InterfaceKernel I/O SubsystemTransforming I/O Requests to Hardware OperationsStreamsPerformance

Page 4: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

I/O HardwareVariety of I/O devices:

storage networking graphics video scanners, phones,…

Attributes of I/O devices Character-stream or block Sequential or random-access Sharable or dedicated Speed of operation Read-write, read only, or write only

Page 5: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

I/O devices

Connected using Controller (host adapter) Buses Ports

I/O operations occur as result of privileged I/O instructions Devices have addresses, used by

I/O instructionsMemory-mapped I/O

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Page 6: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

Alphabet soup; busses and interface standards

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) computer bus integrated circuit fitted on the fitted onto the motherboard itself,

called a planar device expansion card that fits into a socket e.g.,  network , sound, and TV

tuner cards, modems, extra ports such as USB or serial,  and disk controllers. PCI video cards are available for supporting extra monitors and upgrading PCs that do not have any AGP or PCI express slots.

AGP (Accelerated/Advanced Graphics Port  high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching graphics cards primarily for 3D graphics.  AGP is being progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express. 

ATA (AT Attachment ) and ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) interface standards for the connection of storage devices such as hard disk, solid-state drives, and CD-ROM drives.

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Page 7: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

More alphabet soup

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices such as hard disks and tape drives; it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners and CD drives. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and electrical and optical interfaces.

USB (Universal Serial Bus) serial bus standard; replaces many serial and parallel ports allows hot swapping;   provides power to low-consumption devices, eliminating the need

for an external power supply; allows many devices e.g., mice, keyboards, joysticks, scanners,

digital cameras, PDAs, flash drives, external hard disks, to be used without requiring manufacturer -specific drivers  to be installed, .

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Page 8: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

More alphabet soup

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) interface standard for connecting storage devices e.g., such as  hard disks, solid-state drives, CD ROM drives; not just to the connector and interface definition, but also the drive controller is integrated into the drive, as opposed to a separate controller on or connected to the motherboard. The integrated controller presented the drive to the host computer as an array of 512-byte blocks with a relatively simple command interface. This relieved the software in the host computer of the chores of stepping the disk head arm, moving the head arm in and out, and so on.

ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus standard developed at IBM for the PC. In 1987, IBM replaced it with MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) in an effort to regain control of the PC architecture and the PC market.

InfiniBand point-to-point bidirectional serial link for connection of processors with high speed peripherals such as disks.

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Page 9: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

VIA (Virtual Interface Architecture)

An abstract model of a user-level zero-copy network. created by Microsoft, Intel , and Compaq, the original VIA

sought to standardize the interface for high-performance network technologies known as System Area Networks (SANs)

the basis for InfiniBand. Networks are a shared resource. In traditional networks

such as Ethernet, the network is protected by the kernel, which presents a tremendous performance bottleneck when latency is an issue.

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Page 10: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009
Page 11: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009
Page 12: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

Polling versus Interrupts

Polling periodically checking the status of an I/O device

Interrupt deliver data or status information when status information immediately

States of device ready busy error

Alternatives Busy-wait cycle to wait for I/O from device Use interrupts

Page 13: Advanced Operating Systems - Spring 2009 Lecture 18 – March 25, 2009

Interrupts: used for I/O and for exceptionsCPU Interrupt-request line triggered by I/O device Interrupt handler receives interruptsTo mask an interrupt ignore or delay some interrupts Interrupt vector to dispatch interrupt to correct handler

Based on prioritySome non-maskable


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