Advanced Software

Engineering -

Assets and DevelopmentDRAFT – NOT FINAL VERSION

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Version 1.0

Advanced Software Engineering

- Assets view - What you create and who use it

Assets, views and the landscape of software engineering

Game Development - A special area of software engineering

Embedded Device – A special area of software engineering

Mobile Apps – A special area of software engineering

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Assets, views and the landscape of software

engineering

What is an asset?

What assets are produced in the landscape of software engineering?

Does other assets exists?

What roles/user does exists?

What view does this roles/user have?

What are view related problems a software engineers have to beware of?

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Landscape of Software engineering

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Landscape of Software engineering

Design Patterns

Across applications, abstractions are commonly presented as design patterns denoting either abstract or concrete objects or interactions. Design patterns are concepts which can be reused as a concept or implemented in adaptable source-codes or components (see Gamma, 1995 for example)

Component-based Software Engineering

A software systems will be created by a mix of components meeting the standards of the component model. Typically, the software units used here are components (Szyperski, 2002a).

Application Frameworks

These consist of concrete and abstract class sets which can be expanded or adapted to build application systems. In application frameworks usually application parts can be used. An example for reuse of application parts is the Microsoft Office application. Often, application parts of Microsoft Word or Microsoft PowerPoint are reused between these two applications in the same version of Office as well as between different versions of Office. Therefore, a specific framework is used that is provided to software engineers using the Microsoft Component Object Model (COM) technology (Microsoft, 2012a).

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Landscape of Software engineering

Legacy System Wrapping

A system that can be included in a wrapper and is defined by the associated use of an interface over which access takes place. This type of reuse often uses components, application parts or services. Especially if a wrapper or legacy system creates a connection to another technology and is used in the system providing the wrapper. An example is the use of Java byte code in a .NET application using the IKVM wrapping system (Frijters, 2011).

Service-Oriented Systems

These comprise systems developed by linking shared services that can be supplied by external sources. Typically, services are the used software units for reuse in this area (Singh and Huhns, 2005; Wang and Fung, 2004).

Software Product Lines

A type of application which is generalised by using a common architecture so that it can be adapted to different customers. Usually, whole applications are used in such approaches (see Fayad and Johnson, 2000)

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Landscape of Software engineering

Commercial of the shelf (COTS) integration

These systems are developed through the integration of existing application systems. Typically, the software units used here are components (Sommerville, 2011) that are provided by COTS selling companies (e.g., Componentsource, 2012). An example for COTS is the WebCAD web service provided by Componentsource (2012) which includes numerical procedures to either construct a function of one or two variables from a set of points (i.e., interpolate), or solve an equation of one variable.

Configurable Vertical Applications

A generic system designed to make it adaptable to the specific needs of the customer. Compared to the application product lines, the software units here are reused by configuration and not by adaptation of the software units. The typical software units are also whole application systems.

Programming Libraries

Consists of class and function libraries that implement functionality for reuse. Typically, the software units used here as components are used as libraries today. An example is the topic of Dynamic Linked Libraries (DLL). Often, these libraries include a set of classes that may be not related to each other or to the same business domain. This is the difference to components used in component-based development (see Szyperski, 2002a)

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Landscape of Software engineering

Program Generators

A generator system storing knowledge about a particular type of application purchase system or system fragment created for this application. Czarnecki and Eisenecker (2000) Discuss such Program Generator technology called Generative Programming.

Aspect-Oriented Software Development

In this process, shared components are ‗woven‘ into the composing program in different places. In this type of reuse development, smaller software units (e.g., source-code, classes, components or services) are usually used (see Rashid and Akşit, 2006).

Model-Driven Development (or Model-Driven Software Development; MDSD)

Development discipline using domain models and implementation independent models to represent software or software units. By transforming models, software units or systems can be created (see MDSD; PetraschandMeimberg,2006).

ERP System

System for organisational use. These include business functionality and rules.

Architectural Patterns

Software architecture used to create software. An architectural example is the use of a plug-in infrastructure (e.g., Microsoft Extensible Framework; cf. Microsoft, 2012b

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Assets of Software engineering

Landscape

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Asset Technology area examples

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Views at your assets (Examples)

Your Asset Reuser (Dev) Customer Application/User

Application Parts

Classes

Components

Interfaces

Models

Services

Source-Code

Often assets have a € sign!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 11

Are there more assets, think about?

Tasks:

1. Ask the supervisor for groups

2. Think about reusable assets in

software engineering

Time: 15 Minutes

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The knowledge problem reuse

Reuse need experience

About software unit behaviour

Internals of a software unit

Interfaces….

Requirements…

Fact is knowledge has to be learned

The problem is

Young professionals want to do reuse, but they have not enough experience

Experts may handle new technologies, but the have not enough knowledge 13

Advanced Software Engineering

Embedded Devices? What are embedded devices?

Are embedded devices software products?

What are characteristics/requirements for embedded device programming?

What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area of embedded device

programming?

What are typical challenges for software engineers?

Interactive Live Demo „Arduino―

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What are embedded devices/systems?

Embedded device or system : is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it.

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today. - Wikipedia

Examples

Air conditioner, ATM machine, Battery charger, Digital camera, DVD Player, Fax machine, PDA, Printer, Router, Scanner

…..

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What are embedded devices/systems?

An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded

within it, which exercise primarily a control function.

The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor

adapted for embedded control applications.

Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer

principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory

and peripherals.

Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of

different families. Each family has identical central architecture and

instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their

microcontrollers.

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What are characteristics/requirements

for embedded device programming?

Characteristics

Special-purpose Typically, is designed to execute a single program, repeatedly It used to be single-purpose Now, multi-functioned, but single-purpose Tactic and Strategy

Tightly constrained Low cost Simple systems Fewer components based Performs functions fast enough Minimum power

Reactive and real-time Reactive: Continually reacts to external events Real-time: Must compute certain results in real-time

Hardware and software co-exist The software written for embedded systems is often called firmware Is stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips rather than a disk drive

Typical Requirements

Low resources

Real time behaviour

User interfaces: Embedded systems range from no user interface at all — dedicated only to one task — to full user interfaces similar to desktop operating systems in devices such as PDAs.

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Example of embedded device platform

and SDK

Example Arduino

WEB

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Example of embedded device platform

and SDK

Example Arduino SDK

IDE

Own SDK / libraries

Often libraries are related to a specific hardware component

Simple C Code

You can write your own libraries in C

Special functions

Setup()

Loop()

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Summary

An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded

within it, which exercise primarily a control function.

The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor

adapted for embedded control applications.

Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer

principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory

and peripherals.

Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of

different families. Each family has identical central architecture and

instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their

microcontrollers.

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What are typical challenges for software

engineers?

Limited resource

Limitations on data types

Limitations on CPU cycles

Limitations on I-Os

Limitations on architecture base don hardware

Restriction for maintenance/continues integration based on hardware

Restriction of deployment types (based on manufacturer rules)

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Live Example

Arduino Robot and Fundamentals

A good description

can be found at Link

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Advanced Software Engineering

- Mobile apps

What are mobile apps?

Are mobile apps software products?

What are characteristics/requirements for mobile apps programming?

What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area of mobile apps programming?

What are typical challenges for software engineers?

Interactive Live Demo „Java and Android―

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What are mobile apps?

Look into Google Play

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What are characteristics/requirements

for mobile apps programming?

Medium hardware requirements

Memory

System specific OS

Touch / Voice input

…..

Software requirements

Open or closed DIE support

Limited App Memory

Cross Platform scope (new trend)

….

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What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area

of mobile apps programming?

Web and smart phones

iPhone: tools, languages, deployment

Android: tools, languages, deployment

Windows Phone: tools, languages, deployment

BlackBerry: tools, languages. deployment

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Web and smart phones

Technologies

WML

primitive forms of XHTML

XHTML

Flash

ASP/ASP.NET / Java ServerFaces

Java FX/ Silverligth

Today HTML5

C, Java, C++

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Mobile Web: challenges

Ad hoc design of web sites (m-sites) or apps

Different layout, different content, different idea

It's just a new project

Reusability is a great thing, if applied at the right level

Don't succumb to the siren call that m-sites are the standard ASP.NET sites just

with a different CSS/Layout

Architect your site to expose reusable/query able logic

Add a mobile service layer that serves right data to presentation

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Mobile Web: challenges

Mobile sites are generally simpler than classic sites

Logical/functional subset; nets physical subset

In theory, mobile sites can provide you a huge audience

Millions of devices can browse the web

Nearly each device in its own way • Huge fragmentation (of capabilities)

Know your users

Selling ringtones? Your target is the device; maximize audience

Selling services? Your target is (smart) consumer; focus on apps

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Mobile Web: challenges

• Fragmentation is huge

• Don't trust the device

Manufacturers want to make each device kind of unique

For years, they just customized the embedded browser

Net effect is that too many devices have a different set of capabilities

• Querying for capabilities

Test capabilities in JavaScript via DOM and browser OM

Acceptable results in desktop Web; not in mobile Web because of the different

impact/size of fragmentation

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Smartphone's / Tablets

Mobile computing: smart phones

Smartphone's run their own OS platform

Mobile OS is like a continent

Differences at various levels

Continents partition Earth: mobile OSs partition mobile space

A few platforms you might want to address

iPhone/iPad

Android

BlackBerry

Windows Phone 7

Maybe Nokia OT

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Mobile Web vs. Native Apps

Follow-up session («Mobile Dilemma»)

Decision boils down to your mobile strategy

Generally preferable to start with a m-site (large audience, lower development

costs)

Advertise your m-site; redirect automatically to m-site

Upgrade to m-site subscriptions

Upgrade to smart-apps. For which platforms?

Native apps may be cooler, but expensive

Some middle ground being researched...

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IOS Tools

You need a Mac; the cheapest Macbook is fine

Mac is necessary to compile the code as it relies on libraries that simply don‘t exist

in Windows

Technically, Can run OSX on a Win box; except that it is illegal

Join the iOS developer program ($99/year)

Free registration doesn‘t not allow to test on real devices

In 2010, US declared jailbreaking lawful

Get and install Xcode from Mac store

Get and install the iOS SDK

Get familiar with Objective C

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iPhone App Basics

Starter method (main.m)

Single window object is created by you in main or loaded from a XIB file

XIB files are where the UI behind the iPhone application is saved/packaged (i.e., form designer files in .NET)

Single window contains views and/or controls

One window, possibly multiple views

Views are rectangular areas on top a window

Display content (controls, animation, text, drawing

Handle events (touch)

Various specialized views: table, Web, alert, navigation

View behaviour handled by controller classes

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iPhone App Basics

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iPhone App Basics

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Concepts you must get used to ...

An app-delegate controls the behaviour of the application from start to end

Receives notifications when the app reaches certain states such as ―finished launching‖ or ―will terminate‖ or ―memory warning‖

A view-controller class governs the behaviour of a view

Handles touch events, initialization

An outlet is an ―object reference‖ through which the controller acts with an object (i.e., button) in the view

Similar to Button1 members in VS, must be created explicitly

Need outlets to be able to set a label after a button click

An action is an action to be performed on an object

First add outlets and actions to XIB

Next connect them to actual objects so that action ―btnClicked‖ is associated with an event on Button1 and outlet ―Button1‖ is associated with a given button...

Finally, write the code for btnClicked in the view controller class

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i0S: MonoTouch

• Use .NET for building iOS applications

Check out Xamarin.com ($399 license for individuals)

A Mac computer is still required

Need: iPhone SDK, Mono, MonoTouch SDK

Use MonoDevelop to develop code

Use Interface Builder including Cocoa Touch thus having access to all the standard iPhone controls

Limitations on generics and dynamic code (DLR)

You get a native iPhone application that can be published as any other iPhone application

Wrappers for iPhone native API (accelerometer, GPS, ...)

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iOS: MonoTouch

Compile standard .NET 4 code using the MonoTouch core assemblies

Reuse is possible via a new compile step for the MonoTouch profile

Non Ul-code

Code can potentially be shared between .NET, Android, and iPhone/iPad

Currently, C# only

With some work, it is possible to write iPhone code in Windows under Visual

Studio and use the same project to compile on Mac

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Deployment

• Applications must be published to the AppStore

Internal distribution is possible only with an Enterprise developer account

Application code must be signed against a distribution certificate (to identify

the publisher) and a distribution provisioning profile

For companies, only the Team Agent can get the certificate

Get the AppStore distribution provisioning profile from the portal

Compile against that with your distribution certificate and submit

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Testing on devices

Get a Development Certificate to sign your code

Create a Certificate Signing Request using the Keychain Access application on your

Mac

Log on to the portal and upload the CSR • This needs be done once (per developer)

Install the certificate in the Mac keychain

Get a provisioning profile (Pprof) for each device

Register a device manually through the portal or connect them to Xcode and let it

do what's required (only a few devices)

If you do it manually, you need the device UDID

Can get UDID via Xcode, iTunes, or the device itself (settings)

UDID != IMEI or serial number

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Getting the Pprof

Xcode

Once the certificate is installed, you simply build the app and tell Xcode you want to test on the attached device

Xcode gets the Pprof automatically (if the device is registered)

In alternative, do it manually through the portal and download the Pprof to the device

Ad hoc provision profiles

To test on non-registered devices (up to 100) create an ad-hoc provision profile manually on the portal

Indicate UDID and App ID and download the Pprof as a file

Compile the app against this Pprof and send both profile and app to the tester

Tester doesn't even need to have a Mac and install via iTunes

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Android

Pay a fee only to publish to the Market (one-time $25)

Get and install the Java SDK

Get and install the Android SDK

Eclipse or IntelliJ Community Edition as the IDE

Get familiar with Java

Alternative: C Code

Faster

Existing integration into Microsoft development tools (e.g. Visual Studio)

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Android App Basics

Android App Basics

Starter class

Create main view

View based on XML file(s)

Event handling

Manual binding of handlers to controls

Manual definition of control references (outlets)

Easy match with C#/VB

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Basic class and project things

Emulators required in the first step

IDE i.e. Eclipse

Manifest file required

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Ressources in Manifest Files

<action>

<activity>

<activity-alias>

<application>

<category>

<data>

<grant-uri-permission>

<instrumentation>

<intent-filter>

<manifest>

<meta-data>

<permission>

<permission-group>

<permission-tree>

<provider>

<receiver>

<service>

<supports-screens>

<uses-configuration>

<uses-feature>

<uses-library>

<uses-permission>

<uses-sdk>

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Deployment

Enable your device to accept entrusted resources

Just compile and distribute the APK executable

Everything is at your own risk

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Live Demo

Android App Development

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Problems for software engineers

Platform specific things

IOS

Android

Windows 8/RT

Cross platform

High restrictions

Costs

i.e. Programming IOS App requires a macbook

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Advanced Software Engineering

Game development What kind of games do exists?

Are games software products?

What are characteristics/requirements for game development?

What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area of development?

What are typical challenges for software engineers?

Training „Game development with Unity3D and software engineering

methods―

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What kind of games do exists?

Look into Steam

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Are games software products?

YES, games are software products as any other program

Games have a different structure than any other software

Start up

Introductory Movie

Front End

Game Options

Sound Options

Video Options

YES, games are software

Loading Screen

Main Game

introduction

Gameplay

game modes

Pause Options

End Game Movie

Credits

Shut down

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An example process

What are the differences to other processes?

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What are characteristics/requirements for

game development?

Roles

Game Artist

Game Designer

Game Producer

Game Programmer

Customer

Game Categories (Common level)

Hardcore Games

Casual Games

Serious Games

Game Types

Adventures - High requirements on fun and special graphic

Sport - High requirements on business logic and behaviour

Simulations - High requirements on business logic

MMO – High requirements on business logic and network

RPG – High requirements on easy2use and graphical variety

Indie – High requirements on fun low requirements on graphic

Strategy - High requirements on AI and graphical variety

Action – High requirements on real-time, network and graphic

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What are characteristics/requirements for

game development?

Game programming disciplines

Game play programming

AI programming

Tools programming

Graphics programming

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What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area

of development?

The difference between APIs and SDKs .

API (Application Programming Interface) :

Software interfaces that OS, libraries, and services provide

You can take advantage of their particular features.

XNA , DirectX and OpenGL

SDK (Software Development Kit) : Collection Of libraries , APIs and tools .

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What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area

of development?

Game Engines

In-house Game Engines.

Scimitar (Assassin's Creed)

Two types of Game Engines :

Full tool chain (UnrealEngine 3 ,Unity )

Middleware & Integrated libraries (SDL, OGRE3D)

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What are platforms, engines, SDK in the area

of development?

Programming Tools examples

Unity

UDK

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Unity 3D Basics

Unity 3D Basics

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Agenda

Unity 3D Concepts and Vocabulary

Interface

Terrains

Lights

Textures

Cameras

Physics

Effects

Skyboxes

Audio

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Unity 3D Concepts

Assets - building blocks of all Unity projects - graphics (textures),

models, sound files. The files you use to create the scenario are

stored in a folder called Assets

Scenes - scenes are individual levels, areas of game content.

Scenes can be loaded on demand.

Game Objects - assets used in the scene become GameObjects

(script name) All GameObjects have at least one component - the

Transform component.

Components - come in various forms. Attach components to and

object to add parts of the game engine to the component e.g. a

physics component, or a script component

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Unity 3D Concepts

Scripts - components used to add, extend or modify behaviour of

game objects. Unity uses a Behaviour class to

facilitate the use of custom behaviours.

Prefabs - prefabricated game objects with stored associated

components and configuration. Prefabs allow functional game

objects to be reused in scenes (spawned) or imported into other

projects as external assets. ‗The First Person Controller‘ is an

example of a Prefab

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Interface

Scene [1]—where the game is constructed

Hierarchy [2]—a list of GameObjects in the scene

Inspector [3]—settings for currently selected asset/object

Game [4]—the preview window, active only in play mode

Project [5]—a list of your project's assets, acts as a library

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Unity 3D Terrain Editor

Create terrain by selecting brush type, brush size and opacity and

then sculpting topology

Set maximum height and smooth corners

Textures loaded to paint texture onto terrain

First texture acts as background to subsequent

Paint on trees and other smaller items e.g. grass.

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Unity 3D Terrain Editor

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Unity 3D Lights and Cameras

Lights

Directional

Point

Spot

Lights can be parented to other game objects

Cameras

One default camera

First Person Controller includes camera

Camera acts as an Audio Listener in the scene

Remove default camera to only have one Audio Listener

Cameras can be parented to other game objects

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Unity 3D Textures

Materials form the basic starting point for textures

Textures should be in the following format to enable ‗tiling‘.

Square and the power of two

128 x 128, 256 x 256, 512 x 512, 1024 x 1024

Shaders control the rendering characteristics of textured surface

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Physics and Collision Detection

Physics component

Mass

Gravity

Velelocity

Friction

Physics component added to game object.

Collision detection provided for most objects - can be customized with sphere colliders and mesh colliders

Mesh colliders most computationally expensive

Also level of detail LOD is handled by game engine

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Sky Boxes and Effects

Skybox - cubemap - six textures placed inside a cube

Rendered seamlessly to appear as surrounding sky and horizon

Not an object position a player can visit

Only visible in the Game View panel

Water effects created by an animated material applied to a

surface

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Audio Effects

Audio requires an Audio Source and an Audio Listener in the scene

Stereo sound treated as ambient constant volume and continuously

playing in the scene (looped enabled)

Mono sound treated as spatial - gets louder or softer depending on

player‘s position relative to the audio source position

Supported formats .wav, .mp3, .aiff, .ogg

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Unity 3D

- Live demo

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