Advanced Techniques of PL/SQL

7/21/2019 Advanced Techniques of PL/SQL

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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1

Achieving PL/SQL Excellence

Oracle PL/SQLAdvanced Techniques

Oracle7 thru Oracle8i

Steven euerstein

!!!"Steven euerstein"c#$!!!"Quest"c#$!!!"O%eill&"c#$

and c#ntri'uti#ns $#st excellent (r#$ )ill Pri'&l and *ic+ )#l,


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page

O'.ective OutlineO'.ective

Expand ur +n#!ledge and a!areness #( i$p#rtant and ne!(eatures #( the PL/SQL language"

Outline )uilding !ith Pac+ages 0Oracle7 2 PL/SQL 3#llecti#ns 0Oracle7 and Oracle8 2 3urs#r 4aria'les 0Oracle7 and Oracle8 2 *&na$ic SQL5 *)6S SQL and ative *&na$ic SQL 08i2 3alling 9ava (r#$ PL/SQL 0Oracle8i2 and 3 0Oracle82 Oracle Advanced Queuing !ith *)6S AQ 0Oracle82 6anaging Large O'.ects !ith *)6S LO) 0Oracle82 Other Oracle8i e! eatures

Autonomous Transactions (Oracle8i) Invoker Rights Model (Oracle8i) Row Level Security !"MS#RLS


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S#(t!are ;sed in TrainingPL/4isi#n5 a li'rar& #( pac+ages installed #n t#p #( PL/SQL" PL/4isi#n Lite - use it< c#p&< change it (#r (ree -- unless u 'uild

s#(t!are t# 'e s#ld c#$$erciall&" Active PL/SQL =n#!ledge )ase5 c#ntains PL/4isi#n Pr#(essi#nal< the

(ull& supp#rted and enhanced versi#n"

*e$#nstrati#n scripts executed in the training can 'e(#und #n the %eveal et PL/SQL Pipeline5 http5//!!!"revealnet"c#$/Pipelines/PLSQL/index"ht$ Archives sur('#ard< 6iscellane#us< PL/SQL Se$inar iles See (iledesc"d#c (#r a listing #( $an& #( the (iles"

The PL/SQL >*E 0>ntegrated *evel#p$ent Envir#n$ent2" ?#u n# l#nger have t# use SQL@Plus and a crude edit#r 3h##se (r#$

a$#ng the $an& listed in plsql ides"txt"

plsql ides"txt


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page B

)uilding !ithPL/SQL Pac+ages


Overvie!

>nitiali,ati#n secti#n

Overl#ading


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Dhat is a Pac+ageA c#llecti#n #( c#de ele$ents< (r#$ pr#cedures and

(uncti#ns t# T?PE< varia'le and curs#r declarati#ns" Single-$#st i$p#rtant structure !ithin PL/SQL< and al$#st certainl&

#ne #( the $#st under-utili,ed" 3#nceptuall& ver& si$ple< it can ta+e s#$e ti$e t# (ull& grasp the

i$plicati#ns and p#tential #( the pac+age"

The $eth#d #( ch#ice '& Oracle and #ther s#(t!aredevel#pers (#r extending the PL/SQL language" ?#u !ill (ind pac+ages in the data'ase< in Oracle *evel#per/ FFF< in

Oracle Applicati#n Server"

LetGs revie! s#$e #( the 'ene(its #( pac+ages"t$r"p+g

d'par$"p+g


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Dhen t# )uild a Pac+age9#in ph&sicall& l#gicall&-related c#de"

3an lead t# per(#r$ance i$pr#ve$ents" Puts $#re structure and #rgani,ati#n in ur '#d& #( c#de"

>$pr#ve transacti#n integrit& '& hiding data structures

'ehind the pac+age inter(ace" >nstead #( !riting SQL directl& in ur pr#gra$s< u call thepac+aged pr#cedures and (uncti#ns instead"

3#nstruct ver& (lexi'le and usa'le utilities (#r devel#pers" ThereIs a 'ig di((erence 'et!een a 'unch #( separate pr#gra$s and

a c#herent< pac+age-'ased Jc#$p#nentJ"!atch"p+g

custrules"p+ginsga"p+g

te e$pl#&ee"p+ste e$pl#&ee"p+'


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Pac+age >nitiali,ati#nThe initiali,ati#n secti#n is a 'l#c+ #( c#de at the end #(

the pac+age '#d& that is executed #nce per sessi#n< the(irst ti$e an& pac+age ele$ent is re(erenced" The PL/SQL runti$e engine deter$ines !hen and i( this c#de

sh#uld 'e run"

*#es thepac+age have an

init secti#n

Pr#gra$ re(erencespac+age ele$entthe (irst ti$e ineach sessi#n"

no

%un initiali,ati#nc#de"

yes

3#$plete request(#r pac+aged

ele$ent"



Pac+age >nitiali,ati#n StructureThe initiali,ati#n secti#n5

>s de(ined a(ter and #utside #( an& pr#gra$sin the pac+age" >s n#t required" >n (act< $#st pac+ages u

'uild !#nIt have #ne" 3an have its #!n excepti#n handling

secti#n"

;se(ul (#r5 Per(#r$ing c#$plex setting #( de(ault #r

initial values" Setting up pac+age data !hich d#es n#t

change (#r the durati#n #( a sessi#n" 3#n(ir$ing that pac+age is pr#perl&

instantiated"

PACKAGE BODY pkgIS PROCEDURE proc IS BEGIN END;

FUNCTION func RETURN

BEGIN END;BEGINEND pkg;

)EK> a(ter/#utside#( an& pr#gra$

de(ined in the p+g"


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3#n(igure Sessi#n !ith >nit" Secti#nPACKAGE BODY sessini IS !" No #ec$%re# p%ck%ge e$e&en s % %$$' "!BEGIN !" Ge user preferences for (is user) "! SE*ECT $o+,f$%g- .,f$%g- #efprin er INTO s(o/,$o+- s(o/, oo$.%r- prin er

FRO0 user,config 12ERE user,i# 3 USER;

E4CEPTION 12EN NO,DATA,FOUNDT2EN

!" No recor# for (is user) "! s(o/,$o+ 53 6Y6; s(o/, oo$.%r 53 6Y6; prin er 53 6$p 76;

12EN OT2ERST2EN

RAISE,APP*ICATION,ERROR89: -

6No profi$e for 6 ARC2AR:8? =;END sessini ;

An unusual pac+age Speci(icati#n c#ntains

#nl& varia'les" )#d& c#ntains #nl&

initiali,ati#n secti#n"

init"p+ginit"tst

Als# a pac+age !ith$an& design (la!s"""


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P#pulate 3#llecti#nsThe PL/4isi#n *ate pac+age< PL4date< e$pl#&s several

PL/SQL ta'les t# c#nvert strings and t# per(#r$ datearith$etic" This increases the (lexi'ilit& #( the date c#nversi#n pr#cess" The date$gr"p+g (ile de$#nstrates the 'asic technique 0and the

reliance #n an initiali,ati#n secti#n2 used t# achieve this (lexi'ilit&"

BEGIN f& s87= 53 6DD90ON9RR6; f& s8:= 53 6DD90ON9YYYY6; f& s8@= 53 6DD90ON6; f& s8 = 53 600!DD6; ))) f& s8 = 53 600!DD!YYYY6; f& s87 = 53 600DDYYYY6; f& s877= 53 6YYYY00DD6; f& s87:= 53 6RR00DD6; f& ,coun 53 7:;END # ;

date$gr"p+gdates"sql

>nitiali,ati#n secti#np#pulates a

PL/SQL ta'le"



Pr#gra$ Overl#adingDhen u #verl#ad pr#gra$s< u give

t!# #r $#re pr#gra$s the same name " ?#u can #verl#ad $#dules in an& declarati#n

secti#n and in pac+ages"$&pr#c

$&pr#c

$&pr#c

Overl#ading is a critical (eature !hen'uilding c#$prehensive pr#gra$$aticinter(aces 0AP>s2 #r c#$p#nents usingpac+ages" >( u !ant #thers t# use ur c#de< u need

t# $a+e that c#de as s$art and as eas& t# useas p#ssi'le" Overl#ading trans(ers the Jneed t# +n#!J (r#$

the user t# the #verl#aded pr#gra$"



Overl#ading in PL/SQL )uilt-insPL/SQL uses #verl#ading in $an& c#$$#n (uncti#ns"

?#u .ust pr#'a'l& never gave it a th#ught< and t##+ (uncti#ns li+eTO 3MA% and TO *ATE t#tall& (#r granted" )ut Oracle c#uldnIt #((er that level #( c#nvenience !ith#ut #verl#ading"

#% e,s ring 53 TO,C2AR 8SYSDATE- 600DDYY6=;

nu&.er,s ring 53 TO,C2AR 87 =;

Dith#ut #verl#ading< u !#uld have t# deal !ith s#$ethingli+e this5

#% e,s ring 53TO,C2AR,FRO0,DATE 8SYSDATE- 600DDYY6=;

nu&.er,s ring 53TO,C2AR,FRO0,NU0BER 87 =;


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M#! Overl#ading D#r+s#r t!# #r $#re $#dules t# 'e #verl#aded< the c#$piler $ust 'e a'le t#

distinguish 'et!een the t!# calls at c#$pile-ti$e" There are t!# di((erentJc#$pile ti$esJ5 1" Dhen u c#$pile the pac+age #r 'l#c+ c#ntaining the #verl#aded c#de" " Dhen u c#$pile pr#gra$s that use the #verl#aded c#de"

*istinguishing characteristics5 The (#r$al para$eters #( #verl#aded $#dules $ust di((er in nu$'er< #rder #r

datat&pe (a$il& 03MA% vs" 4A%3MA% is n#t di((erent en#ugh2" The pr#gra$s are #( di((erent t&pes5 pr#cedure and (uncti#n"

;ndistinguishing characteristics5 uncti#ns di((er #nl& in their %ET;% datat&pe" Argu$ents di((er #nl& in their $#de 0> < O;T< > O;T2"

Their (#r$al para$eters di((er #nl& in datat&pe and the datat&pes are in the sa$e(a$il&"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1B

Exa$ples #( >nvalid Overl#adingsPACKAGE oo,si&i$%rIS

PROCEDURE c%$c 8reg,in IN C2AR=; PROCEDURE c%$c 8reg,in IN >ARC2AR:=;END oo,&%n ,c%$s;

PACKAGE on$ ,re urnsIS

FUNCTION func7 8+%$ IN >ARC2AR:= RETURN DATE;FUNCTION func7 8+%$ IN >ARC2AR:= RETURN >ARC2AR:;

END on$ ,re urns;

PACKAGE p%r%&,&o#esIS

PROCEDURE proc7 8+%$ IN >ARC2AR:=;PROCEDURE proc7 8+%$ IN OUT >ARC2AR:=;

END p%r%&,&o#es;

Para$eter

data t&pescause c#n(lict"

Onl& di((erenceis (uncti#n

%ET;% t&pe"

Onl& di((erenceis para$eter

$#de"

oo,si&i$%r)c%$c 867:@6=;!hich #ne

DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8on$ ,re urns)func7 8+,+%$ue==;!hich #ne

p%r%&,&o#es)proc7 8+,+%$ue=;!hich #ne


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1C

Overl#ad Dherever P#ssi'leSupp#rting 6an& *ata 3#$'inati#ns

Appl& the sa$e acti#n t# di((erent +inds #r c#$'inati#ns #( data" >n this case E pr#cedure illustrates this technique -- and thePL/4isi#n p"l su'stitute d#es an even 'etter .#'"

itting the Pr#gra$ t# the ;ser T# $a+e ur c#de as use(ul as p#ssi'le< u $a& c#nstruct di((erent

versi#ns #( the Nsa$e pr#gra$ !hich c#rresp#nd t# di((erent patterns #(use"

Overl#ading '& T&pe< n#t 4alue A less c#$$#n applicati#n #( #verl#ading" ?#u use the type #( data and n#t

its value t# deter$ine !hich #( the #verl#aded pr#gra$s sh#uld 'e executed"


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A J3lassicJ Overl#aded Pac+age

PACKAGE pIS PROCEDURE $

8#% e,in IN DATE- &%sk,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 0on ( DD- YYYY 9 2250I5SS P06=;

PROCEDURE $ 8nu&.er,in IN NU0BER=; PROCEDURE $ 8c(%r,in IN >ARC2AR:=;

PROCEDURE $ 8c(%r,in IN >ARC2AR:- nu&.er,in IN NU0BER=;

PROCEDURE $8c(%r,in IN >ARC2AR:- #% e,in IN DATE-

&%sk,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 60on ( DD- YYYY 9 2250I5SS P06=;

PROCEDURE $ 8.oo$e%n,in IN BOO*EAN=;

PROCEDURE $ 8c(%r,in IN >ARC2AR:- .oo$e%n,in IN BOO*EAN=;END p;

p"spsp"sp'

6an& di((erent datat&pe c#$'inati#ns< all#!ing the user t# pass data t# the Jdispla&engineJ !ith#ut !riting Jpre-pr#cessingJ c#de"


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Advantage #( Extended Overl#ading

p)$ 86So /(% is #ifferen 6=;

p)$ 8prin ,repor ,f$=;

p)$ 8S *ERR0- S *CODE=;

p)$ 8SYSDATE=;

Extended #verl#adings are

$#re li+el& t# $eet user needs"DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE

86So /(% is #ifferen 6=;

DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8TO,C2AR 8SYSDATE-

600!DD!YY 2250I5SS6==;

DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8S *ERR0


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itting the Pr#gra$ t# the ;ser

A single piece #( (uncti#nalit&< such as Jdispla& dataJ #r Jcreatea (ileJ< can 'e applied #r needed under ver& di((erentcircu$stances"

>( u ta+e these di((erent circu$stances int# acc#unt !hen udesign ur pac+age speci(icati#n< the user #( ur pac+age can'ene(it (r#$ !riting less c#de" ?#ur c#de is a a $#re natural J(itJ under a variet& #(

require$ents"

>n $& experience< (e! devel#pers are c#nsiderate en#ugh #(their users t# tr& t# anticipate their needs" >( u !ant t# !rite s#(t!are that is ad$ired E 3OL;6 pr#cedure t# de(inethe datat&pe #( the th c#lu$n in the curs#r"

There are three !a&s t# acc#$plish this5 *#nIt #verl#ad" *e(ine a di((erent pr#gra$ na$e (#r each

datat&pe" Pass a string Nna$e #( the datat&pe" Pass a piece #( data #( the right t&pe"


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Opti#ns (#r Speci(&ing 3#lu$n T&pe*#nIt even '#ther #verl#ading"""

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,INTEGER,CO*U0N 8cur- 7=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,>ARC2AR:,CO*U0N 8cur- :- @ =;

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- 6NU0BER6=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- 6STRING6- @ =;

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- DB0S,S *)NU0BER,TYPE=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- DB0S,S *)>ARC2AR:,TYPE- @ =;

Pass a na$ed c#nstant"""

Pass a literal value"""

#! letIs l##+ at t!# exa$ples #( #verl#ading '& datat&pe""" *)6S SQL"*E > E 3OL;6 PL4gen"(unc

S# $an& pr#gra$na$es t# re$e$'er

ast&hard-c#ding"""

L#tsa t&ping E 3OL;6 pr#cedure de(ines the datat&pe #( a c#lu$n" T# $a+e it easier t# acc#$plish this tas+< u #nl& need t# pass a value -- an& value -- #( the c#rrect t&pe"

The three c#de 'l#c+s 'el#! are equivalent< (r#$ the perspective #( *)6S SQL"*E > E 3OL;6 "

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- 7=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- 6%6- @ =;

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- DB0S,UTI*ITY)GET,TI0E=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- USER- @ =;

BEGIN DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- +,e&pno=; DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- +,en%&e- @ =;


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Kenerating uncti#ns '& 4alue>n PL4gen< the user indicates the t&pe #( (uncti#n t# 'e generated '& pr#viding a value " The particular value itsel( is #( no importance. An& nu$'er< an& date< an& string< an&

)##lean !ill d#"

PACKAGE P*>genIS PROCEDURE func 8n%&e,in IN >ARC2AR:- pe,in IN >ARC2AR:=;

PROCEDURE func 8n%&e,in IN >ARC2AR:- pe,in IN NU0BER=;

PROCEDURE func 8n%&e,in IN >ARC2AR:- pe,in IN DATE=;

S *H e ec p$+gen)func86 o %$,s%$%r 6- 7=

A nu$'er (uncti#n< please

S *H e ec p$+gen)func86$%s ,#% e6- SYSDATE=

A date (uncti#n< please


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page C

The rustrati#ns #( Overl#adingDatch #ut An #verl#ading can c#$pile success(ull&< 'ut

u $ight later (#und #ut that u cann#t actuall& call an& #(the #verl#aded pr#gra$s"

PACKAGE profi sIS PROCEDURE c%$c 8co&p,i#,IN IN NU0BER=;

PROCEDURE c%$c 8co&p,i#,IN IN co&p%n )co&p,i# TYPE=;END;

>n the a'#ve exa$ple< > rel& #n an anch#red t&pe 0 T?PE2

t# esta'lish the datat&pe #( the sec#nd calcGs para$eter" Dhen > c#$pile pr#(its< PL/SQL d#es n#t sense a c#n(lict !itha'#ve #verl#ading even th#ugh c#$p id is a nu$eric c#lu$n"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page H

Quiz! uances #( Overl#ading

3an > #verl#ad t!# pr#gra$s !hich have para$eters that di((er #nl& '& name < li+ecalc t#tals sh#!n a'#ve >( n#t< !h& n#t >( s#< h#! !#uld u d# it 0*#nIt pee+ at the next page 2

PACKAGE s%$es

IS PROCEDURE c%$c, o %$ 8Jone,in IN >ARC2AR:=;

PROCEDURE c%$c, o %$ 8reg,in IN >ARC2AR:=;

END s%$es;

BEGIN

s%$es)c%$c, o %$ 86NORT21EST6=;

s%$es)c%$c, o %$ 86 ONE:6=;END;

sales"p+g


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;sing a$ed #tati#n

Explicit ass#ciati#n 'et!een the (#r$al para$eter 0the Jna$eJ2!ith the actual para$eter 0the JvalueJ2"

Advantages #( na$ed n#tati#n include5 3#de is $#re Jsel(-d#cu$entingJ" This is especiall& use(ul !hen !#r+ing

!ith in(requentl& used 'uilt-in pr#gra$s" ?#u can s+ip #ver 0n#t speci(& values (#r2 an& > para$eters that have

de(ault values" That !a& u d#nIt have t# know and pass de(ault values "

Lfor&%$ p%r%&e er n%&eH 3H Le pressionH

DB0S,MOB)su.&i 8 o. 3H +, o.no- /(% 3H 6DB0S,DD*)ANA*Y E,OBMECT 6


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PL/SQL

3#llecti#ns


3#llecti#ns are single-di$ensi#ned lists #( in(#r$ati#n"

Three t&pes #( c#llecti#ns5 >ndex-'& ta'les 0Oracle7 #nl&< #riginall& called PL/SQL ta'les2 ested ta'les 0Oracle8 and a'#ve2 4aria'le arra&s 04A%%A?s< Oracle8 and a'#ve2


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Dhen t# ;se 3#llecti#ns6aintain an& +ind #( list #( related in(#r$ati#n (#r use in ur

pr#gra$s"

E$ulate 'i-directi#nal curs#rs< !hich are #ther!ise n#tsupp#rted in PL/SQL3ache data in sessi#n-level $e$#r& (#r (aster access"

)uild hash ta'les 0cust#$ indexing structures2"

>$pr#ve quer& per(#r$ance '& av#iding .#ins"Av#id $utating ta'le err#rs in data'ase triggers"

d ) l


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page :F

>ndex-)& Ta'les

3haracteristics #( an index-'& ta'le5 ;n'#unded

$ractically s%eaking& 'alid row num ers range *+,-.+-8/+0-. to *+,-.+-8/+0-. 1ou will not actually create ta les this large& Instead+ this road range allows you to em%loy the row num er as an

intelligent key&

Sparse !ata does not have to e stored in consecutive rows o2 in2ormation&

M#$#gene#us !ata in each row has the same structure&

Availa'le #nl& in PL/SQL

TYPE L %.$e, peH IS TAB*E OF L#% % peH

INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER;DEC*ARE TYPE in&e&,e&p, IS TAB*E OF e&p RO1TYPE

INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER; e&p,cop in&e&,e&p, ;

d '& T 'l


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page :1

TYPEdeclaration

PACKAGE BODY family IS

TYPE child_list_type ISTABLE OF VA C!A " #$%&I'DE( BY BI'A Y_I'TEGE )

child*e+ child_list_type )Variable

declaration

>ndex '& Ta'les

children

6412

6904 Lisa Marie

ar! "ichard

#arbara $nne6%06

Lisa &ade'h(a6904

6)10 $da* "+ssell6412 ar! "ichard

#arbara $nne6%06

childrenchildren 0H81F2 5 RAda$ %ussellchildren 0H FB2 5 ILisa ade,h+aI

,o*-onent.election

+id 5 children 0B2

Err#r5O *ATA O; *

date$gr"p+g

d T 'l


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ested Ta'les

ested ta'le characteristics M#$#gene#us

3ach row contains the same structure o2 data&

;n'#unded< 'ut #nl& !ith explicit E TE * requests $ractically s%eaking& 'alid row num ers range , to *+,-.+-8/+0-.

>nitiall& dense< 'ut can 'ec#$e sparse i( u *ELETE inner r#!s

Availa'le '#th in PL/SQL and SQL 0as a c#lu$n in a ta'le2 The #rder #( ele$ents is n#t preserved in the data'ase

QCREATE OR REP*ACE TYPE L %.$e, peH ISTAB*E OF L#% % peH QNOT NU** ;

DEC*ARE TYPE /(en, IS TAB*E OF DATE; .ir (#% s /(en, ;

d T 'l


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page ::

Lisa 6arieKar& %ichard

)O *

ested Ta'lesCREATE OR REPLACETYPE child_table_type IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2 (3 !"

CREATE TABLE db_#a$ily (%&' a$e VARCHAR2 (3 !)*id% child_table_type!

+ESTE, TABLE *id% STORE AS *id%_ tab "

)OLU

)ar'ara Anned' (a$il&

#r O%A3LEIs use #nl&

surna$e +ids

6ax %ichardEric Th#$as

ntde$#"sql

4 i 'l A &


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page :B

4aria'le Arra&s

3haracteristics #( varia'le arra&s5 M#$#gene#us

3ach row contains the same structure o2 data& )#unded

4%%er limit esta lished when the T1$3 is de2ined& Ma5imum value *+,-.+-8/+0-.

*ense 6ever any ga%s etween de2ined rows+ can e 37T36!ed or TRIMmed&

Availa'le '#th in PL/SQL and SQL 0as a c#lu$n in a ta'le2 And the order o2 elements are %reserved in the data ase&

4aria'le arra&s are actuall& st#red in the *) ta'le

QCREATE OR REP*ACE TYPE L %.$e, peH IS >ARRAY 8N= OF L#% % peH QNOT NU** ;

DEC*ARE TYPE nu&.ers, IS >ARRAY 87 = OF NU0BER; s%$%ries nu&.ers, ;

4 i 'l A &


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page :C

4aria'le Arra&s

vade$#"sql

CREATE OR REPLACETYPE child_-a_type IS VARRAY (.! OF VARCHAR2 (3 !"

CREATE TABLE db_#a$ily (%&' a$e VARCHAR2 (3 !) *id% child_-a_type!"

)O *1 Eric Th#$as

6ax %ichard

)OLU1 )ar'ara Anne

Kar& %ichard: Lisa 6arie

d' (a$il&surna$e +ids

*e(ining 3#llecti#ns


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page :H

*e(ining 3#llecti#nsirst< u de(ine the T?PE #( the c#llecti#n"

#r index-'& ta'les< this can #nl& #ccur in a PL/SQL declarati#nsecti#n" )est #pti#n5 pac+age speci(icati#n"

#r nested ta'les and 4A%%A?s< u can de(ine the T?PE in thedata'ase !ith a 3%EATE state$ent< #r in a PL/SQL declarati#nsecti#n"

Then u declare an instance #( that t&pe< a c#llecti#n< (r#$the T?PE" ?#u can declare $ultiple c#llecti#ns (r#$ that T?PE"

CREATE OR REP*ACE PACKAGE %. pesIS

TYPE in eger,i. IS TAB*E OF INTEGER INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER; TYPE in eger,n IS TAB*E OF INTEGER; TYPE in eger,+% IS >ARRAY87 = OF INTEGER; )))END %. pes;

O'taining 3#llecti#n >n(#r$ati#n


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O'taining 3#llecti#n >n(#r$ati#n

ALL 3OLL T?PES The t&pes u have created 0#r have access t#2 in the data'ase

ALL T?PE ATT%S Attri'utes #( the data t&pe used in the T?PE de(initi#n" The c#de used t# de(ine the c#llecti#n T?PE

There is n# in(#r$ati#n in the data dicti#nar& availa'le (#r index-'& ta'les"

c#lldd"sql

SE*ECT A)% r,n%&e T6= AND T)e$e&, pe,n%&e 3 A) pe,n%&e;

>nitiali ing 3#llecti#ns


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>nitiali,ing 3#llecti#ns)e(#re u can use a c#llecti#n< it $ust 'e initiali,ed" >ndex-'& ta'les are initiali,ed aut#$aticall&< e$pt& !hen declared" ested ta'les and 4A%%A?s are at#$icall& null" ?#u $ust initiali,e

the$ explicitl& !ith a c#nstruct#r"

DEC*ARE TYPE nu&.ers, IS >ARRAY 87 = OF NU0BER; s%$%ries nu&.ers, 53 nu&.ers, 87 - : - @ =;BEGIN

CREATE TYPE nu&.ers, IS >ARRAY 87 = OF NU0BER;!DEC*ARE 99 Ini i%$iJe (e co$$ec ion) s%$%ries nu&.ers, 53 nu&.ers, 87 - : - @ =;BEGIN

T?PE de(ined inthe data'ase

T?PE de(ined inPL/SQL

CREATE TAB*E e&p$o ee,#enor& 8 e&p$o ee,i# INTEGER- s%$%r ,(is or nu&.ers, =;

3#llecti#n usedin a ta'le

3#llecti#ns #( 3#$p#sites


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3#llecti#ns #( 3#$p#sitesStarting !ith Oracle 7":< the Nh#$#gene#us c#ntents #( an index-'& ta'leIs r#! can 'e a rec#rd " 3an easil& create an index-'& ta'le !ith the sa$e structure as a data'ase ta'le '& declaring a rec#rd !ith

%ODT?PE"

Starting !ith Oracle8< the datat&pe (#r an& #( the c#llecti#n t&pes can als# 'e an #'.ect" )ut u cann#t have nested c#$p#site datat&pes"

DEC*ARE TYPE co&p,rec pe IS RECORD 8co&p,i# co&p%n )co&p%n ,i# TYPE- o %$,re+ NU0BER=;

TYPE co&p, %. pe IS TAB*E OF co&p,rec pe INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER;

co&p, %. co&p, %. pe;BEGIN co&p, %.87=)co&p,i# 53 7 ;

Mere !e have a threestep pr#cess" Againnclude a handler (#r O *ATA O; * #r use the E >STS$eth#d t# av#id these excepti#ns"

BEGIN 99 E en# . 7 since I kno/ I /i$$ nee# (% &%n )

99 Se (e +%$ue of e%c( ne/ ro/ o (e con en s of (e firs ro/) s%$%ries)E4TEND 87 - s%$%ries8s%$%ries)FIRST==;

BEGIN IF s%$%ries)E4ISTS 8+,e&p$o ee,i#=

T2EN 99 1e %re OK) E*SE

DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 86D% % for e&p$o ee no %+%i$%.$e)6=; END IF;

preextend"tst

3#llecti#n 6eth#ds


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page BB

3#llecti#n 6eth#dsO'tain in(#r$ati#n a'#ut the c#llecti#n 3O; T returns nu$'er #( r#!s currentl& de(ined in the ta'le" E >STS returns T%;E i( the speci(ied r#! is de(ined" >%ST/LAST return l#!est/highest nu$'ers #( de(ined r#!s" E T/P%>O% return the cl#sest de(ined r#! a(ter/'e(#re the speci(ied

r#!" L>6>T tells u the $ax" nu$'er #( ele$ents all#!ed in a 4A%%A?"

6#di(& the c#ntents #( the c#llecti#n *ELETE deletes #ne #r $#re r#!s (r#$ the index-'& ta'le" E TE * adds r#!s t# a nested ta'le #r 4A%%A?" T%>6 re$#ves r#!s (r#$ a 4A%%A?"

The 'uilt-in pac+age plit'l$ 0PL/sql >ndex-Ta)Le 6eth#ds2de(ines these $eth#ds"

The *ELETE 6eth#d


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page BC

The ELETE 6eth#d ?#u can delete #ne #r $#re r#!s (r#$ a c#llecti#n using*ELETE5

BEGIN 99 De$e e %$$ ro/s & Co$$ec ion)DE*ETE;

99 De$e e one 8 (e $%s = ro/ & Co$$ec ion)DE*ETE 8& Co$$ec ion)*AST=;

99 De$e e % r%nge of ro/s & Co$$ec ion)DE*ETE 87 - 7 : =;END;

*ELETE releases $e$#r&< 'ut u $a& als# !ant t# call*)6S SESS>O " %EE ; ;SE* ;SE% 6E6O%?"

avigating Thr#ugh 3#llecti#ns


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page BH

avigating Thr#ugh 3#llecti#ns;se >%ST and E T t# $#ve (r#$ 'eginning t# end"

;se LAST and P%>O% t# $#ve (r#$ end t# 'eginning"

ro/in# P*S,INTEGER 53 .ir (#% s)FIRST; 99 .ir (#% s)*AST

BEGIN *OOP E4IT 12EN ro/in# IS NU**;

DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE8.ir (#% s8ro/in#=).es ,presen =;

ro/in# 53 .ir (#% s)NE4T 8ro/in#=; 99 .ir (#% s)PRIOR

END *OOP;END;

;sing 3#llecti#ns >nside SQL


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page B7

;sing 3#llecti#ns nside SQLested ta'les and 4A%%A?s can 'e de(ined as c#lu$ns #( a

ta'le and re(erenced directl& !ithin SQL"

?#u can als# appl& SQL #perati#ns t# the c#ntents #( nestedta'les and 4A%%A?s !ith these #perat#rs5 TME - 6aps a single c#lu$n value in a single r#! t# a virtual

data'ase ta'le

3AST - 6aps a c#llecti#n #( #ne t&pe t# a c#llecti#n #( an#ther t&pe 6;LT>SET - 6aps a data'ase ta'le t# a c#llecti#n TA)LE - 6aps a c#llecti#n t# a data'ase ta'le

>ndex-'& ta'les are pr#gra$$atic c#nstructs #nl&"

?#u cann#t $a+e a direct re(erence t# an index-'& ta'le in SQL" >nstead< s# d# indirectl& !ith a PL/SQL (uncti#n"

;sing 3#llecti#ns inside SQL


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page B8

;sing 3#llecti#ns inside SQL

Lisa 6arieKar& %ichard

)O *)OLU

)ar'ara Anned' (a$il&

surna$e children

6ax %ichardEric Th#$as

Lisa 6arieKar& %ichard)ar'ara Annec#lu$n value

SE*ECT co$u&n,+%$ueFRO0 TAB*E 8SE*ECT c(i$#ren FRO0 #.,f%&i$

12ERE surn%&e 3 6BO* 6=;

UPDATE TAB*E8SE*ECT c(i$#ren FRO0 #.,f%&i$ 12ERE SURNA0E 3 6BO* =

SET co$u&n,+%$ue 3 6*is% N%#eJ(k%6 12ERE co$u&n,+%$ue 3 6*is% 0%rie6=;

Lisa ade,h+aKar& %ichard)ar'ara Anne

" " ")OLU

d' (a$il&

surna$e children

;sing the TME Operat#r


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;s g t e Ope at;se TME t# $anipulate 0retrieve< > SE%T< ;P*ATE< *ELETE2 c#ntents #( a nested ta'le in adata'ase ta'le" 3an #nl& use !ith nested ta'les< n#t 4A%%A?s #r index-'& ta'les"

Onl& accessi'le (r#$ !ithin SQL state$ents in PL/SQL"

CREATE TYPE %c ion,$is , IS TAB*E OF >ARC2AR:87 =;!CREATE TAB*E inf$% ion,.e% er 8

focus,%re% >ARC2AR:87 =- %c i+i ies %c ion,$is , = NESTED TAB*E %c i+i ies STORE AS %c i+i ies, %.;

SE*ECT >A*UE 8%c =FRO0 T2E 8SE*ECT %c i+i ies FRO0 inf$% ion,.e% er

12ERE focus,%re% 3 6FORTUNE 7 6= %c ;

UPDATE T2E 8SE*ECT %c i+i ies FRO0 inf$% ion,.e% er 12ERE focus,%re% 3 6FORTUNE 7 6=

SET CO*U0N,>A*UE 3 6DISBAND OS2A6 12ERE CO*U0N,>A*UE 3 6SIDESTEP OS2A6;

the"sql

;sing the TA)LE and 3AST Operat#rs


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page CF

; g ) p;se 3AST t# c#nvert a c#llecti#n (r#$ #ne t&pe t# an#ther< TA)LE t# c#nvert a T?PE int# a data'aseta'le" 3ann#t use !ith index-'& ta'les"

;se(ul !hen u !#uld li+e t# appl& SQL #perati#ns against a PL/SQL c#llecti#n 0ie< #ne n#t st#red in a data'ase ta'le2"

DEC*ARE n c,#e+o$u ion cu .%cks,for, % cu s 53

cu .%cks,for, % cu s 86S op r% e er&in% ion progr%&s6-6Fire .ui$#ing inspec ors6- 6C$ose pu.$ic (ospi %$s6=;BEGIN DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8 62o/ o 0%ke (e NYC Ric( 0uc(- 0uc( Ric(er56=; FOR rec IN 8SE*ECT CO*U0N,>A*UE o(&

FRO0 TAB*E 8CAST 8n c,#e+o$u ion AS cu .%cks,for, % cu s=== *OOP DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8rec)o(& =; END *OOP;END;

cast"sql

;sing the 6;LT>SET Operat#r


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page C1

; g ; p6;LT>SET is the inverse #( TA)LE< c#nverting a set #( data 0ta'le< vie!< quer&2 int# a 4A%%A? #r nested ta'le" 3ann#t use !ith index-'& ta'les" ?#u can use 6;LT>SET t# e$ulate #r trans(#r$ relati#nal .#ins int# c#llecti#ns< !ith p#tential client-server per(#r$ance i$pact"

DEC*ARE CURSOR .ir#,curs IS

SE*ECT .)genus- .)species-CAST8 0U*TISET 8SE*ECT .()coun r FRO0 .ir#,(%.i % s .(

12ERE .()genus 3 .)genus AND .()species 3 .)species= AS coun r , %., = FRO0 .ir#s .; .ir#,ro/ .ir#,curs RO1TYPE;

BEGIN OPEN .ir#,curs; FETC2 .ir#,curs in o .ir#,ro/;END; $ultiset"sql

%etrieves all detailin(#r$ati#n (#r the

$aster in #ne trip"

%e(erencing >) Ta'les inside SQL


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CREATE OR REP*ACE PACKAGE i. %. IS FUNCTION ro/+%$ 8in# IN P*S,INTEGER= RETURN DATE; PRAG0A RESTRICT,REFERENCES 8ro/+%$- 1NPS- 1NDS=;END;

CREATE OR REP*ACE PACKAGE BODY i. %. IS TYPE #% e, %. IS TAB*E OF DATE INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER; (ire#% es #% e, %.;

FUNCTION ro/+%$ 8in# IN P*S,INTEGER= RETURN DATE IS BEGIN RETURN (ire#% es 8in# =; END;END;

( g ) Q ?#u canIt directl& re(erence an index-'& ta'leIs c#ntentsinside SQL"

>nstead< call (uncti#ns that retrieve the ta'leIs data< 'ut hidethe index-'& ta'le structure"

i'ta' in sql"sql

6a+e accessi'lein SQL (#r

Oracle8 and'el#!"

Exa$ples #( 3#llecti#ns in Acti#n


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page C:

p (

E$ulati#n #( 'i-directi#nal curs#r #perati#ns

Av#id $utating ta'le pr#'le$s in data'asetriggers"

)i-*irecti#nal 3urs#r E$ulati#n


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page CB

CREATE OR REP*ACE PACKAGE .i#irIS

!" I er% e (roug( ro/s in (e resu$ se "! PROCEDURE se Ro/ 8n ( IN P*S,INTEGER=; FUNCTION ge Ro/ RETURN e&p$o ee,p$us RO1TYPE; PROCEDURE ne Ro/; PROCEDURE pre+Ro/;END;

)Oracle d#es n#t &et supp#rt the a'ilit& t# $#ve 'ac+ and(#rth 0and at rand#$2 thr#ugh a curs#rIs result set" A tal+ed-a'#ut (eature (#r Oracle i -- n#pe< didnIt $a+e it

>nstead< dep#sit ur data in a c#llecti#n and then pr#videpr#gra$s t# access that data in the necessar& (ashi#n"

This is particularl& use(ul 0read5 e((icient2 !hen u need t#per(#r$ $ultiple passes against the data"

'idir"p+g'idir"tst

#tice that thec#llecti#n itsel( is

hidden"

The 6utating Ta'le Pr#'le$


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page CC

%#! level triggers cann#t quer& (r#$ #rchange the c#ntents #( the ta'le t# !hich it isattached it is J$utatingJ"

S# !hat are u supp#sed t# d# !hen a r#!-level #perati#n needs t# Jt#uchJ that ta'le

UPDATE ro/ 7

UPDATE ro/ N

UPDATE e&p SET s%$ 3 7State$ent Level

%#! Level

*ata'ase triggers can 'e attached t# the SQL state$entand/#r the individual r#! #perati#ns #n a ta'le"

#te5 in Oracle8i< ucan use aut#n#$#ustransacti#ns t# relax

restricti#nsass#ciated !ithqueries"

$utating"sql

A S#luti#n )ased #n >ndex-'& Ta'les


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page CH

Since u cann#t per(#r$ the pr#cessing desired in the r#!-level trigger< u need t# defer the acti#n until u get t# thestate$ent level">( u are g#ing t# de(er the !#r+< u have t# re$e$'er !hatu needed t# d#" an index-'& ta'le is an ideal rep#sit#r& (#r this re$inder list"

7s ro/ rigger fires

N ( ro/ rigger fires

D#r+ List0PL/SQL Ta'le2

S % e&en Trigger

Drites t# list

Drites t# list

Pr#cess datain the list"

An Exa$ple5 %an+ing Salespe#ple


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A ta'le h#lds the ran+ings 'ased #n the a$#unt #( annualsales #( salespe#ple !ithin a depart$ent" As the sales a$#unt is updated in this ta'le< the ran+ings $ust als#

change t# sh#! the ne! standings for that department #nl&"

Salespers#n >* Sales A$#unt %an+*epart$ent >*

7 ? @@@ ) @

7 ? 7 @@) 77 ? ? 7 ):

7 ? 77):

7:

?

J*e(erred !#r+J is n#t #nl& necessar&< 'ut pre(era'le"

)& st#ring the salespers#nGs depart$ent ids as the& change< !e then+n#! !hich depart$ents t# re-ran+" De $ight update $#re than #ne depart$ent !ithin a state$ent s# !e

$ust 'e a'le t# retain $ultiple depart$ent nu$'ers"

Trigger L#gic %equired


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CREATE OR REP*ACE TRIGGER R%nk,S%$es,S rg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DE*ETE

ON r%nk,s%$es

BEGIN r%nk)r%nk,#ep s;END;

State$ent Level Trigger

All details #( theran+ing are hidden

in the pac+age '#d&"

CREATE OR REP*ACE TRIGGER R%nk,S%$es,R rg AFTER inser OR up#% e OF s%$es,%& ON r%nk,s%$es FOR EAC2 RO1 12EN 8O*D)s%$es,%& '3 NE1)s%$es,%& =BEGIN r%nk)%##,#ep 85ne/)#ep ,i#=;END;

%#! Level Trigger *#esnIt (ire unless

the sales a$tis actuall& changed"

ran+ing"p+g

The %an+ing Pac+age


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PACKAGE r%nkIS PROCEDURE %##,#ep 8#ep ,i#,in IN INTEGER=;

PROCEDURE r%nk,#ep s;END r%nk;

PACKAGE BODY r%nkIS in,process BOO*EAN 53 FA*SE;

TYPE #ep , %. pe IS TAB*E OF BOO*EAN INDE4 BY BINARY,INTEGER; #ep , %. #ep , %. pe;

PROCEDURE %##,#ep 8#ep ,i#,in IN INTEGER= IS BEGIN IF NOT in,process

T2EN #ep , %. 8#ep ,i#,in= 53 TRUE; END IF; END %##,#ep

Ta'le h#lds indicat#rthat depart$ent

needs re-ran+ing"

3reate r#! t# indicate depart$ent t# 'e ran+ed"

The %an+ing Pac+age< 3#ntinued


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page HF

PROCEDURE r%nk,#ep sIS

+,#ep i# P*S,INTEGER 53 #ep , %.)FIRST; BEGIN

IF NOT in,process T2EN in,process 53 TRUE; *OOP

E4IT 12EN +,#ep i# IS NU**; perfor&,r%nking 8+,#ep i#=;

+,#ep i# 53 #ep , %.)NE4T 8+,#ep i#=; END *OOP; END IF;

in,process 53 FA*SE;

#ep , %.)DE*ETE; END r%nk,#ep ;

END r%nk;

Av#id recursiveexecuti#n #( l#gic

%#! nu$'er isdepart$ent nu$'er"

3lean up (#r next ti$e"

Dhich 3#llecti#n T&pe Sh#uld > ;se


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page H1

>ndex-'& ta'les

eed t# use in '#th Oracle7 and Oracle8 applicati#ns Dant t# ta+e advantage #( sparse nature (#r Jintelligent +e&sJ"

ested ta'les ?#u !ant t# st#re large a$#unts #( persistent data in a c#lu$n" ?#u !ant t# use inside SQL"

4A%%A?s ?#u !ant t# preserve the #rder in !hich ele$ents are st#red" Set #( data is relativel& s$all 0av#id r#! chaining2" ?#u !ant t# use inside SQL" ?#u d#nIt !ant t# have t# !#rr& a'#ut sparseness"

Tips (#r ;sing 3#llecti#ns


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Drap access t# ur c#llecti#ns" >n $an& cases< u !ill !ant t# av#id direct access t# 0assigning

and retrieving2 r#!s in ur c#llecti#ns" This !ill give u the (lexi'ilit& t# change ur i$ple$entati#n" ?#u can als# hide c#$plex rules (#r setting the r#! nu$'er"

Ket creative

*#nIt al!a&s (ill and use the index-'& ta'le sequentiall&" >( u can s#$eh#! translate ur applicati#n data t# an integer< it

can 'e used as a r#! nu$'er< and there(#re #((ers indexed access" 9ulian date (#r$ats and *)6S ;T>L>T?"KET MASM 4AL;E #((er

t!# di((erent $eth#ds"



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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page H:

3urs#r 4aria'les

Architecture #( 3urs#r 4aria'les


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page HB

%esultSet

%esultSet

%esultSet

%esult

Set

A curs#r varia'le p#ints t# an underl&ing cursor object in thedata'ase" The curs#r #'.ect in turns p#ints t# 0and +eeps its place in2 a result set"

The curs#r varia'le can 'e passed 'et!een pr#gra$s 0even'et!een< sa&< a 9ava servlet and a PL/SQL st#red pr#cedure2" Static SQL #nl& -- until Oracle8i"

3urs#rO'.ect

3urs#rO'.ect

3urs#r4aria'le

3urs#r4aria'le

Mard-3#ded3urs#r

Mard-3#ded3urs#r

3urs#r4aria'le

3urs#r4aria'lePKA

SharedKl#'alArea

Dith Mard-3#ded 3urs#rs Dith 3urs#r 4aria'les

)ene(its #( 3urs#r 4aria'les


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page HC

Share curs#r $anage$ent 'et!een pr#gra$s< even acr#ssthe client-server divide" ?#u d#nIt have t# pass the result sets #( a curs#r in #rder t# all#!

the client-side pr#gra$ t# have direct access t# the data in the resultset"

Oracle *evel#per "1 utili,es curs#r varia'les !hen u ch##se t#c#nstruct a J'ase ta'le 'l#c+J ar#und st#red pr#cedures instead #(

a data'ase ta'le"

Share the sa$e c#de acr#ss $ultiple< di((erent queries" Since the curs#r na$e is n# l#nger hard-c#ded< u can use a single

'l#c+ #( c#de 0sa&< a rep#rting pr#gra$2 against di((erent queries" De !ill tr& #ut this technique at the end #( the secti#n"

3urs#r 4aria'le Exa$ple


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page HH

,ECLARE TYPE c/$pa y_c&'type

ISREF C0RSOR RET0R+ c/$pa y1RO TYPE"

c/$pa y_c&'-a' c/$pa y_c&'type"

c/$pa y_'ec c/$pa y_c&'-a'1RO TYPE"

BE I+

OPE+ c/$pa y_c&'-a' FORSELECT 4 FRO5 c/$pa y "

FETCH c/$pa y_c&'-a' I+TO c/$pa y_'ec"

CLOSE c/$pa y_c&'-a'"E+,"

*eclare a varia'lecurs#r T?PE"

*eclare curs#r varia'le'ased #n that t&pe"

*eclare a rec#rd(r#$ curs#r varia'le"

OPE curs#r varia'leARC2AR:=RETURN pkg)c+, pe

IS re +%$ pkg)c+, pe;BEGIN IF ge , pe,in 3 E0P T2EN OPEN re +%$ FOR SE*ECT " FRO0 e&p; E*SIF ge , pe,in 3 DEPT T2EN OPEN re +%$ FOR SE*ECT " FRO0 #ep ; END IF; RETURN re +%$;END;

PACKAGE pkg IS TYPE c+, pe IS REF CURSOR;END;

Either quer& !ill Jd#J"4eri(icati#n !ill ta+eplace at the ET3M"

%E T?PE placed inpac+age s# that it

is Jgl#'all&J availa'le"

etching (r#$ the 3urs#r 4aria'le


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etching !ith curs#r varia'les (#ll#!s the sa$e rules asth#se !ith static curs#rs"

The > TO structure $ust $atch in nu$'er and datat&pe t#5 O% ST%O K curs#r t&pes< it $atch the curs#r t&pe data

speci(icati#n" O% DEA= curs#r t&pes< it $atch the OPE O% state$ent

structure"

3#$pati'ilit& chec+s are per(#r$ed pri#r t# (etching r#!" The %ODT?PE 6>S6AT3M excepti#n is raised #n (ailure"

etching can c#ntinue !ith a di((erent > TO clause"

FETC2 cursor,+%r,n%&e INTO recor#,n%&e;FETC2 cursor,+%r,n%&e INTO +%r,n%&e- +%r,n%&e- )));

$is$atch"sql

Dhen t# ;se 3urs#r 4aria'les


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6a+e it easier (#r calling pr#gra$s 0especiall& n#n-PL/SQLpr#gra$s2 t# $anipulate result sets" 9*)3 rec#gni,es curs#r varia'les"

*e(ine a 'ase ta'le 'l#c+ in #r$s )uilder 0(#r$erl& Oracle#r$s2 #n st#red pr#cedures rather than a ta'le directl&"

;se a single 'l#c+ #( c#de t# $anipulate $ultiple queries" Dith explicit curs#rs< u have t# repeat the c#de (#r each curs#r66E*>ATE Vsql stringW< used (#r **L< *6L and single

r#! (etches" OPE O% Vsql stringW< used (#r $ulti-r#! queries"

E E3;TE >66E*>ATE


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;se this state$ent t# execute an& d&na$ic SQL state$ent0including a PL/SQL 'l#c+2 except (#r $ulti-r#! queries"

The > TO clause all#!s u t# pass values (r#$ the selectlist #( a single r#! quer& int# l#cal varia'les< including#'.ects< c#llecti#ns and rec#rds"

The ;S> K clause all#!s u t# speci(& 'ind argu$ents #rvaria'les t# 'e passed int# the SQL string 'e(#re executi#n"

E6EC0TE I55E,IATE %7l8%t'i 9

: I+TO ;de#i e_-a'iable:) de#i e_-a'iable% 'ec/'d ?< : 0SI+ ;I+ > O0T > I+ O0T< bi d a'9&$e t :) ;I+ > O0T > I+ O0T< bi d a'9&$e t


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MereIs a hand& and si$ple utilit& ased #n S5

IF %.Coun 86ci iJens6- 6insure# 3 66NO666= H - -T2EN DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8 6No (e .es (e%$ ( c%re s s e& in (e /or$#))) %n# no &uc( of % #e&ocr%c ei (er'6=;END IF;

ta'c#unt81"s( c#$pare !ith5

ta'c#unt"s(

CREATE OR REP*ACE FUNCTION %.Coun 8 %. IN >ARC2AR:- /(r IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- sc( IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**= RETURN INTEGER IS re +%$ INTEGER;BEGIN E4ECUTE I00EDIATE

6SE*ECT COUNT8"= FRO0 6 * 8sc(- USER=


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( pCREATE OR REP*ACE PROCEDURE up#nu&+%$ 8 %.,in IN >ARC2AR:- co$,in IN >ARC2AR:- s %r ,in IN DATE- en#,in IN DATE- +%$,in IN NU0BER= ISBEGIN E4ECUTE I00EDIATE 6UPDATE 6 ARC2AR:- n%&e,in IN >ARC2AR:= IS +,s r >ARC2AR: 87 =;BEGIN

+,s r 53 6BEGIN 6


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PROCEDURE %##,profi ,source 8 (osp,n%&e IN >ARC2AR:- pers IN Person-

con# IN pree is ing,con#i ions=ISBEGIN E4ECUTE I00EDIATE

6INSERT INTO 6


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( (supp#rt $ulti-r#! d&na$ic queries"

Mere is a si$ple utilit& the displa&s the values #( an& date< nu$'er #rstring c#lu$n in an& ta'le"

CREATE OR REP*ACE PROCEDURE s(o/co$ 8 %. IN >ARC2AR:- co$ IN >ARC2AR:- /(r IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**=IS TYPE c+, pe IS REF CURSOR; c+ c+, pe;

+%$ >ARC2AR:8@: ? =;BEGIN OPEN c+ FOR 6SE*ECT 6


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p $ $ $ $na$es< etc"2 thr#ugh the ;S> K clause"

?#u cann#t pass the ;LL literal directl& in the ;S> Kclause" >nstead< pass a varia'le !ith a ;LL value"

The ;S> K clause (#r a quer& can #nl& have > 'indargu$ents"

?#u can have duplicate placeh#lders 0(#r 'ind argu$ents2" >( d&na$ic SQL< then u pr#vide a value (#r each placeh#lder 0'&

p#siti#n2" >( d&na$ic PL/SQL< pr#vide a value (#r each distinct placeh#lder 0'&

na$e2"

str list"p+g

*&na$ic SQL using *)6S SQLPri#r t# Oracle8i< the #nl& !a& t# per(#r$ d&na$ic SQL !as


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p ( Q!ith the *)6S SQL pac+age"

*)6S SQL is a ver& large and c#$plex pac+age< !ith $an&rules t# (#ll#! and l#ts #( c#de t# !rite"

Supp#rts all (#ur $eth#ds #( d&na$ic SQL< in particular$eth#d B"

The #verhead (#r using *)6S SQL has decreasedsigni(icantl& in Oracle8 and again in Oracle8i"

?#u sh#uld #nl& use *)6S SQL !hen u cann#t use *S"

Learning Thr#ugh Exa$ples**L


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page F

3reate an index (r#$ !ithin PL/SQL

*6L ;pdate r#!s in a ta'le

*6L !ith 'inding ;pdate r#!s using 'ind varia'les

Queries 6eth#d : and a d&na$ic DME%E clause

PL/SQL 4ersi#n #( JSELE3T @J Exa$ple #( 6eth#d B

PL/SQL 3reate a generic calculati#n pr#gra$

**L !ith *&na$ic SQLPROCEDURE cre% e,in#e


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3reates an index #n an& c#lu$n0s2 in an& ta'le inur sche$a" Open a curs#r< !hich !ill 'e used t# execute the **L

state$ent" 3#nstruct the **L state$ent as a string" Parse and execute that **L state$ent"

PROCEDURE cre% e,in#e8in#e ,in IN >ARC2AR:- %.,in IN >ARC2AR:- co$,in IN >ARC2AR:=

IS cur INTEGER 53 DB0S,S *)OPEN,CURSOR; f#.k INTEGER; DD*,s % e&en >ARC2AR:8: = 53 6CREATE INDE4 6


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CREATE OR REP*ACE PROCEDURE up#nu&+%$ 8

co$,in IN >ARC2AR:-en%&e,in IN e&p)en%&e TYPE-+%$,in IN NU0BER=

IScur P*S,INTEGER 53 DB0S,S *)OPEN,CURSOR;

f#.k P*S,INTEGER;BEGIN

DB0S,S *)PARSE 8cur- 6UPDATE e&p SET 6


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CREATE OR REP*ACE PROCEDURE up#nu&+%$ 8

co$,in IN >ARC2AR:-s %r ,in IN DATE- en#,in IN DATE- +%$,in IN NU0BER=IS

cur P*S,INTEGER 53 DB0S,S *)OPEN,CURSOR; f#.k P*S,INTEGER;BEGIN

DB0S,S *)PARSE 8cur- 6UPDATE e&p SET 6


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6a+e sure SELE3T is!ell (#r$ed0PA%SE2

6a+e sure SELE3T is!ell (#r$ed0PA%SE2

)ind an& varia'les0)> * 4A%>A)LE20)> * A%%A?2

)ind an& varia'les0)> * 4A%>A)LE20)> * A%%A?2

Kive curs#r structure0*E > E 3OL;6 20*E > E A%%A?2

Kive curs#r structure0*E > E 3OL;6 20*E > E A%%A?2

ill 'u((er !ith data0 ET3M %ODS20E E3;TE A * ET3M2

ill 'u((er !ith data0 ET3M %ODS20E E3;TE A * ET3M2

%etrieve the data03OL;6 4AL;E2%etrieve the data03OL;6 4AL;E2

ill curs#r !ith data0E E3;TE2

ill curs#r !ith data0E E3;TE2

%elease curs#r $e$#r&03LOSE 3;%SO%2%elease curs#r $e$#r&03LOSE 3;%SO%2

All#cate curs#r $e$#r&0OPE 3;%SO%2All#cate curs#r $e$#r&0OPE 3;%SO%2

Queries !ith *&na$ic SQLSh#! e$pl#&ees using a d&na$ic DME%E clause"""


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CREATE OR REP*ACE PROCEDURE s(o/e&ps 8/(ere,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**=IS cur INTEGER 53 DB0S,S *)OPEN,CURSOR; rec e&p RO1TYPE; f#.k INTEGER;BEGIN DB0S,S *)PARSE 8cur- 6SE*ECT e&pno- en%&e FRO0 e&p 6 E=;

DB0S,S *) DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- 7- 7=; DB0S,S *) DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- :- 6%6- ? =;

f#.k 53 DB0S,S *)E4ECUTE 8cur=; *OOP E4IT 12EN DB0S,S *) FETC2,RO1S 8cur= 3 ; DB0S,S *) CO*U0N,>A*UE 8cur- 7- rec)e&pno=; DB0S,S *) CO*U0N,>A*UE 8cur- :- rec)en%&e=; DB0S,OUTPUT)PUT,*INE 8TO,C2AR 8rec)e&pno=


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BEGIN FOR e%c(9co$u&n9in9 %.$e *OOP %##9co$u&n9 o9se$ec 9$is ; END *OOP;

DB0S,S *)PARSE 8cur- se$ec ,s ring- DB0S,S *)NATI>E=;

FOR e%c(9co$u&n9in9 %.$e *OOP DB0S,S *)DEFINE,CO*U0N 8cur- n (,co$- #% % pe=; END *OOP;

*OOP fe c(9%9ro/;

FOR e%c(9co$u&n9in9 %.$e *OOP DB0S,S *)CO*U0N,>A*UE 8cur- n (,co$- +%$=; END *OOP; END *OOP;END;

inta'"sp

4er& si$pli(ied

pseud#-c#de

;sing E E3;TE A * ET3MFUNCTION e ecu e,%n#,fe c(

8 i IN INTEGER


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6a+es it eas& t# execute and (etch a single r#! (r#$ a quer&" 4er& si$ilar t# the i$plicit SELE3T curs#r in native PL/SQL< !hich returns asingle r#!< raises O *ATA O; * #r raises the TOO 6A ? %ODS excepti#n"

>( exact $atch is T%;E< then E E3;TE A * ET3M !ill raise theTOO 6A ? %ODS excepti#n i( $#re than #ne r#! is (etched '& the SELE3T"

Even i( the excepti#n is raised< the (irst r#! !ill still 'e (etched and availa'le"

8cursor,in IN INTEGER- e %c ,&% c( IN BOO*EAN DEFAU*T FA*SE= RETURN INTEGER;

nu&ro/s 53 DB0S,S *)E4ECUTE,AND,FETC2 8cur=;

nu&ro/s 53 DB0S,S *)E4ECUTE,AND,FETC2 8cur- TRUE=;

*&na$ic #r$ula Executi#nSupp#se > a$ 'uilding a user inter(ace that all#!s a user t#select a (#r$ula (#r executi#n< and enter the argu$ents"


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select a (#r$ula (#r executi#n< and enter the argu$ents ;sing static PL/SQL< > !#uld have t# $#di(& $& screen ever& ti$e a

ne! (#r$ula !as added" Dith *)6S SQL< a single (uncti#n !ill d# the tric+"

FUNCTION # nc%$c 8 oper,in IN >ARC2AR:- n%rgs,in IN INTEGER 53 - %rg7,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg:,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg@,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg?,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU**- %rg7 ,in IN >ARC2AR: 53 NU** = RETURN >ARC2AR:;

d&ncalc"s( d&ncalc"p+g

6#re #n *&na$ic PL/SQLBEGIN cur 53 open,%n#,p%rse


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;se )> * 4A%>A)LE t# 'ind an& placeh#lders in the string -- even O;Targu$ents !hich are n#t 'eing '#und t# an& values"

;se 4A%>A)LE 4AL;E t# extract a value (r#$ an& varia'le u have '#und"

?#u $ust have a )EK> -E * ar#und the c#de"

P#ssi'ilities inherent in d&na$ic PL/SQL are $ind-'#ggling

p , ,p 86BEGIN ge ,&% ,s%$ 85#ep in- 5s%$ou =; END;6=;

DB0S,S *)BIND,>ARIAB*E 8cur- #ep in - +,#ep in=; DB0S,S *)BIND,>ARIAB*E 8cur- s%$ou - & ,s%$%r =;

f#.k 53 DB0S,S *)E4ECUTE 8cur=;

DB0S,S *)>ARIAB*E,>A*UE 8cur- s%$ou - & ,s%$%r =;END;

d&nplsql"sqld&nplsql"spd&nplsql"tst

>ndirect %e(erencing !ith *&n PL/SQLOracle #r$s #((ers supp#rt (#r indirect re(erencing !ith the

A6E > and 3OP? 'uilt-ins"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1FF

A6E > and 3OP? uilt-ins

PL/SQL d#es n#t supp#rt indirect re(erencing< 'ut u canacc#$plish $uch #( the sa$e thing !ith d&na$ic PL/SQLexecuti#n" Mere is an exa$ple #( a JPL/SQL A6E > J5

FUNCTION +%$. n%&e 8n& IN >ARC2AR:= RETURN >ARC2AR: IS +,cur P*S,INTEGER 53 DB0S,S *)OPEN,CURSOR; f#.k P*S,INTEGER; re +%$ P*>)#.&% +c:;BEGIN DB0S,S *)PARSE 8+,cur-

6BEGIN 5+%$ 53 6 ARIAB*E 8+,cur- 6+%$6- 6%6- : =; f#.k 53 DB0S,S *)E4ECUTE 8+,cur=; DB0S,S *)>ARIAB*E,>A*UE 8+,cur- 6+%$6- re +%$=; DB0S,S *)C*OSE,CURSOR 8+,cur=; RETURN re +%$;END;

d&nvar"p+gd&nvar"tst

*)6S SQL Status )uilt-insThe pac+age #((ers a set #( $#dules t# return in(#r$ati#n a'#ut the last-#perated curs#r in ur sessi#n"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1F1

p 3all these i$$ediatel& a(ter ur usage t# $a+e sure the& re(er t# ur curs#r"

>S OPE >s the curs#r alread& #pen

LAST E%%O% POS>T>O %eturns relative c#lu$n p#siti#n in curs#r #( text causing err#r c#nditi#n"

LAST %OD 3O; T %eturns the cu$ulative c#unt #( r#!s (etched (r#$ the curs#r"

LAST %OD >* %eturns the %OD>* #( last r#! pr#cessed"

LAST SQL ; 3T>O 3O*E %eturns SQL (uncti#n c#de #( curs#r"

D#r+ing !ith LO K 4alues*)6S SQL pr#vides special pr#cedures s# that u canextract values (r#$ a LO K c#lu$n in a ta'le"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1F

extract values (r#$ a LO K c#lu$n in a ta le

*)6S SQL"*E > E 3OL;6 LO K *)6S SQL"3OL;6 4AL;E LO K

irst< u de(ine the c#lu$n as a LO K K and

> TO clauses< th#ugh u c#uld !rite variati#ns (#r th#se as !ell" Encapsulate *)6S SQL"PA%SE s# that u include the trace in that

pr#gra$"

;se the Oracle8i inv#+er rights $#del !henever u !ant t#share ur d&na$ic SQL pr#gra$s a$#ng $ultiplesche$as"

Other!ise that SQL !ill 'e executed under the auth#rit( the #!ner #( the c#de< n#t the inv#+er #( the c#de" e((dsql"sql#penprse"p+g!hichsch"sql

*S #r *)6S SQL5 Dhich is )est*&na$ic SQL and PL/SQL is ver& use(ul< 'ut *)6S SQL is hard t# use" )#thi$ple$entati#ns !ill still c#$e in hand&"""

>(< #( c#urse< u have upgraded t# Oracle8i


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>(< #( c#urse< u have upgraded t# Oracle8i

6a.#r Advantages #( *S5 Ease #( use

Per(#r$ance D#r+s !ith all SQL

datat&pes 0including user-de(ined #'.ect andc#llecti#n t&pes2

etch int# rec#rds

Dhen ?#uId ;se *)6S SQL5 6eth#d B *&na$ic SQL

*ES3%>)E c#lu$ns #( curs#r SQL state$ents larger than : = %ET;% > K int# an arra& %euse #( parsed SQL state$ents )ul+ d&na$ic SQL

Availa'le (r#$ client-side PL/SQL



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OracleAdvanced Queuing

The high per(#r$ance< as&nchr#n#usnternet< s&ste$s are n#!heavil& reliant #n the a'ilit& #( c#$p#nents t# c#$$unicate


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( p

!ith each #ther in a dependa'le< c#nsistent $anner"

*istri'uti#n3enter

3#((ee )eansPr#ducer %etailer

3#nsu$er

ShippingService

Applicati#ns %el&ing #n 6essaging

St#c+ trading s&ste$


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Airline reservati#n s&ste$

Aucti#n p#rtals

An& e-c#$$erce applicati#n

=e& eatures #( Oracle AQLeverage (ull p#!er #( SQL 6essages are st#red in data'ase ta'les


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*ata'ase high availa'ilit&< scala'ilit& and relia'ilit& all carrver t# queues Str#ng hist#r& and retenti#n )ac+up and rec#ver& 3#$prehensive .#urnaliing

%ich $essage c#ntent increases use(ulness #( queueing ;se #'.ect t&pes t# de(ine highl& structured pa&l#ads

e! t# Oracle8i< AQ n#! #((ers a pu'lish/su'scri'e st&le #($essaging 'et!een applicati#ns" %ule-'ased su'scri'ers< $essage pr#pagati#n< the listen (eature and

n#ti(icati#n capa'ilities"

/+e+e Monitor rocess

AQ architectural #vervie!


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/+e+e Monitor -rocess

/+e+e

Prod+cers

En ueuedmessages

N3#nsu$ers

Message 4

Message 3

Message 2

Message1

/+e+e table

e ueuedmessages

"essages include bothcontrol information and#payload$ %content&

Oracle AQ Mighlights>n 8"F< AQ supp#rts5 6ultiple queues


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p q

%esetting #rder and pri#rit& #( queued ite$s Queue $anage$ent using #nl& SQL PL/SQL 6ultiple $essage recipients Pr#pagati#n #( queue t# re$#te servers

Oracle8 i adds5 %ules-'ased pu'lish su'scri'e Listening #n $ultiple queues Easier $#nit#ring ative 9ava inter(ace

AQ 3#$p#nentsThe *)6S AQ pac+age #((ers enqueue anddequeue capa'ilities


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q p

The *)6S AQA*6 pac+age pr#videsad$inistrative (uncti#nalit& t# $anage queues andqueue ta'les"

;nderl&ing data'ase ta'les and vie!sThe queue $#nit#r 0'ac+gr#und pr#cess2 Set Y #( pr#cesses !ith the AQ T6 P%O3ESSES

initiali,ati#n para$eter"

,B5S_A@A,5 MighlightsCREATE_@0E0E_TABLE Assigns na$e< pa&l#ad t&pe< st#rage clause< s#rt

c#lu$n< !hether $ultiple c#nsu$ers


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,ROP_@0E0E_TABLE *r#ps ta'le i( all queues in the ta'le have 'eenst#pped

CREATE_@0E0E Ass#ciates queue ta'le !ith queue assigns retr&and retenti#n pr#perties t# queue

,ROP_@0E0E *r#ps a st#pped queueSTART_@0E0E 3an als# turn #n/#(( enqueue and dequeue

#perati#nsSTOP_@0E0E St#ps queue< #pti#nall& !aiting (#r #utstanding

transacti#ns

A,,_S0BSCRIBER Adds an Nagent as a su'scri'er

3reating Queue Ta'les and QueuesCREATE TYPE &ess%ge, pe AS OBMECT 8 i $e >ARC2AR:8@ =-

>ARC2AR 8*e(ine the Jpa&l#adJ


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BEGIN

DB0S,A AD0)CREATE, UEUE,TAB*E 8Xueue, %.$e 3H 6&sg6-

Xueue,p% $o%#, pe 3H 6&ess%ge, pe6=;

DB0S,A AD0)CREATE, UEUE 8Xueue,n%&e 3H 6&sgXueue6- Xueue, %.$e 3H 6&sg6=;

DB0S,A AD0)START, UEUE 8Xueue,n%&e 3H 6&sgXueue6=;

END;

e >ARC2AR:8: ==;!

3reate the queue ta'le

*e(ine a queue in thequeue ta'le

Start the queueaq"p+g

The J#perati#nal pac+ageJ5 *)6S AQ*)6S AQ is deceptivel& si$ple" Onl& t!# pr#cedures< 'ut l#ts #( c#$plexit& 'uried inside the

para$eters #( these pr#cedures"


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para$eters #( these pr#cedures

E Q;E;E puts a $essage int# a speci(ied queue< and returnsa %AD $essage handle

*EQ;E;E extracts a $essage (r#$ a speci(ied queue

Para$eters c#ntr#l $essage pr#perties such as5 4isi'ilit& 0 O+_CO55IT #r I55E,IATE 2 Pri#rit& *ela& Expirati#n L#c+ing 'ehavi#r

a 3s l

Si$ple Enqueue Exa$pleDEC*ARE Xueueop s DB0S,A )EN UEUE,OPTIONS,T;

& g DB0S A )0ESSAGE PROPERTIES T*eclare rec#rds t#

h#ld i#


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 F

&sgprops DB0S,A )0ESSAGE,PROPERTIES,T; &sgi# %X)&sgi#, pe; & ,&sg &ess%ge, pe;BEGIN & ,&sg 53

&ess%ge, pe 8 6Firs EnXueue6-

60% (ere .e &%n &ore)))6=;

DB0S,A )EN UEUE 8 6&sgXueue6- Xueueop s- &sgprops-

& ,&sg- &sgi#=;END;

h#ld vari#us enqueueand $sg pr#perties"

Set up the pa&l#ad!ith an #'.ectc#nstruct#r"

Place the $essage #n thespeci(ied queue and get a

$sg >* in return"aqenq@"@

6#re >nteresting Enqueue Exa$ple

DEC*ARE ))) S%&e se up %s pre+ious p%ge )))BEGIN


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 1

& ,&sg 53 &ess%ge, pe 8 6Firs EnXueue6- 60% (ere .e &%n &ore)))6=;

&sgprops)#e$% 53 @ " ? " ? " : ;

DB0S,A )EN UEUE 86&sgXueue6-Xueueop s- &sgprops- & ,&sg- &sgi#7=;

& ,&sg 53 &ess%ge, pe 8 6Secon# EnXueue6-

6An# (is one goes firs )))6=;

Xueueop s)seXuence,#e+i% ion 53 DB0S,A )BEFORE; Xueueop s)re$% i+e,&sgi# 53 &sgi#7;

DB0S,A )EN UEUE 8 6&sgXueue6-

Xueueop s- &sgprops- & ,&sg- &sgi#:=;END;

Speci(& a dela&'e(#re the pa&l#ad

is availa'le"

6#di(& the dequeue

sequence '& changing thedeviati#n (ield and relative

$sg >*"

*equeue Exa$pleDEC*ARE Xueueop s DB0S,A )DE UEUE,OPTIONS,T; &sgprops DB0S,A )0ESSAGE,PROPERTIES,T;

& i % )& i*eclare rec#rds t#

h#ld vari#us dequeue


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&sgi# %X)&sgi#, pe;!" #efine# in %X)pkg "!

& ,&sg &ess%ge, pe;

PROCEDURE ge &sg 8&o#e,in IN INTEGER= IS BEGIN Xueueop s)#eXueue,&o#e 53 &o#e,in;

DB0S,A )DE UEUE 8 6&sgXueue6- Xueueop s-

&sgprops- & ,&sg- &sgi#=; END;BEGIN ge &sg 8DB0S,A )BRO1SE=; ge &sg 8DB0S,A )RE0O>E=; ge &sg 8DB0S,A )RE0O>E=;END;

h#ld vari#us dequeueand $sg pr#perties"

*equeue #perati#n

is#lated in l#cal$#dule"

*e$#nstrates destructiveand n#n-destructivedequeuing"

aqdeq@"@

Pri#riti,ed Pa&l#ads ?#u can assign pri#rities t# individual pa&l#ads and then dequeueacc#rding t# th#se pri#rities" The l#!er the nu$eric pri#rit& value< the higher the pri#rit&"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 :

p g p

A stac+ i$ple$entati#n using AQ de$#nstrates this !ell"

PROCEDURE pus( 8i e& IN >ARC2AR:= IS Xueueop s DB0S,A )EN UEUE,OPTIONS,T; &sgprops DB0S,A )0ESSAGE,PROPERTIES,T;

&sgi# %X)&sgi#, pe; i e&,o. %Xs k,o. pe;BEGIN i e&,o. 53 %Xs k,o. pe 8i e&=; &sgprops)priori 53 g,priori ; Xueueop s)+isi.i$i 53 DB0S,A )I00EDIATE; g,priori 53 g,priori 9 7;

DB0S,A )EN UEUE 8 c,Xueue- Xueueop s- &sgprops- i e&,o. - &sgi#=;END;

aqst+"p+gaqst+ "p+g

pri#rit&"@

*e(ining 6essage Su'scri'ers ?#u can speci(& that a $essage is t# 'e enqueued (#r a list #( su'scri'ers"

The $essage is then n#t re$#ved (r#$ the queue until all


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 B

The $essage is then n#t re$#ved (r#$ the queue until allsu'scri'ers have dequeued the $essage"

Steps t# !#r+ing !ith a su'scri'er list5 1" The queue ta'le $ust 'e de(ined t# supp#rt $ultiple su'scri'ers

#r c#nsu$ers"

" Add su'scri'ers (#r the queue"

BEGIN DB0S,A AD0)CREATE, UEUE,TAB*E 8 Xueue, %.$e 3H 6&% or,X %.$e6- Xueue,p% $o%#, pe 3H 6s u#en ,&% or, 6- &u$ ip$e,consu&ers 3H TRUE=;

DB0S,A AD0)ADD,SUBSCRIBER 8 c,Xueue- SYS)A ,AGENT 8n%&e,in- NU**- NU**==; aq$ult@"@

Oracle AQ - Su$$ar&4er& p#!er(ul and (lexi'le architecture" 6uch $#re r#'ust that *)6S P>PE"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 C

Signi(icant enhance$ents in Oracle8i< supp#rting apu'lish-su'scri'e $#del< i$pr#ved securit&< L>STEcapa'ilit&"

3#nsidered '& Oracle t# 'e a c#re c#$p#nent #( its#verall s#luti#n" 3rucial (#r Oracle t# have a $essage-#riented

$iddle!are in #rder t# #((er an all-Oracle s#luti#n" Sh#uld 'e str#ngl& supp#rted Jd#!n the r#adJ"



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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1 H

6anaging

Large O'.ects!ith *)6S LO)

LO) Ter$sLO) Large O).ect5 a categ#r& #( datat&pe all#!ingst#rage #( Nunstructured data up t# B giga'&tes


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LO) datat&pe can 'e5 3#lu$n in ta'le Attri'ute in #'.ect t&pe Ele$ent in nested ta'le

P#ssi'le applicati#ns include #((ice d#cu$ents< >$ages


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3LO)5 single-'&te (ixed-!idthcharacter data

3LO)5 $ulti-'&te (ixed-!idthcharacter data 0#r var&ing !idthin 2

#perating s&ste$ (ile

=e& pr#gra$$ing di((erences5 >nternal LO)s participate in transacti#ns external d# n#t

External LO)s are read-#nl& (r#$ !ithin Oracle

Te$p#rar& LO)s

>nternal LO)s that d# n#tparticipate in transacti#ns%E3TO%? na$espace is gl#'al

S&ntax5

Exa$ple5 C EATE DI ECTO Y ;en a ta'le"""

CREATE TABLE eb_9'aphic% (


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1:H

i$a9e_id I+TE ER) i$a9e BFILE!"

>n an #'.ect t&pe"""

CREATE TYPE B&%i e%%_ca'd_t AS OB ECT ( a$e +a$e_t) add'e%%e% Add'e%%_tab_t) ph/ e% Ph/ e_tab_t) %ca ed_ca'd_i$a9e BFILE!"

The 'uilt-in ) >LE A6E (uncti#n%eturns value #( datat&pe BFILE" Spec5

F2'CTIO' BFILE'A4E# directory_exprn 0 file_exprn &


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1:7

Exa$ple5

#tes5

# aut#$atic (ile chec+ing #r s&nchr#ni,ati#n # participati#n in transacti#ns

,ECLARE pict&'e BFILE D BFILE+A5E( EB_PI6 ) p'/dic/ =9i# !"BE I+ I+SERT I+TO eb_9'aphic% VAL0ES (G GM) pict&'e!"E+,"

ET2 ' BFILE)

L#ading ile int# *ata'ase )LO)

,ECLARE

CREATE TABLE eb_9'aphic_bl/b% ( i$a9e_id I+TE ER) i$a9e BLOB!"


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1:8

pic_#ile BFILE D BFILE+A5E( EB_PI6 ) p'/dic/ =9i# !" pic_bl/b_l/c BLOB D E5PTY_BLOB(!"

BE I+ I+SERT I+TO eb_9'aphic_bl/b% VAL0ES (G) pic_bl/b_l/c! RET0R+I+ i$a9e I+TO pic_bl/b_l/c"

,B5S_LOB=FILEOPE+(pic_#ile) ,B5S_LOB=FILE_REA,O+LY!"

,B5S_LOB=LOA,FRO5FILE(de%t_l/b D pic_bl/b_l/c) %'c_l/b D pic_#ile) a$/& t D ,B5S_LOB= ETLE+ TH(pic_#ile!!"

,B5S_LOB=FILECLOSE(pic_#ile!"E+,"

l#ad'l#'"sql

e! *)6S LO) AP>s in 8 i Supp#rt (#r te$p#rar& LO)s # l#gging #r r#ll'ac+ (aster


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Li(espan5 sessi#n< call< #r transacti#nA'ilit& t# retrieve LO) Nchun+ si,e All#!s pr#gra$$er t# tune %EA*s and D%>TEs

#r all internal LO)s, OPE+ CLOSE all#! c#ntr#l #ver ti$ing that can $ean less>/O

Trigger will not 2ire until LOS3 Inde5es will not u%date until LOS3

, ISOPE+

HOT

Large O'.ect - Su$$ar&LO) supp#rt in Oracle is n#! signi(icantl&i$pr#ved"

$ l d h


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1BF

COLD

3#$plete supp#rt in PL/SQL 0and #ther AP>s2 6uch 'etter per(#r$ance and c#ntr#l than !ith

LO Ks ;sa'le in #'.ect t&pes

S#$e !ea+nesses""" LO) l#cat#r 'ehavi#r slightl& a'struse >na'ilit& t# $#di(& ) >LEs directl& (r#$ !ithin

PL/SQL"



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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1B1

Leveraging 9ava>nside PL/SQL

Overvie! #( 9ava inter#pera'ilit&9ava inside #r #utside 8 i server can call PL/SQL Standard 9*)3 and SQL9 calls !ith Oracle extensi#ns Sa$e 9ava #n client< $id-tier< #r server


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ot covered in this seminar

PL/SQL can call 9ava inside 8 i server 3#$$and-line t##ls l#ad 9ava classes **L extensi#ns pu'lish 9ava classes Driting st#red pr#cedures< (uncti#ns< triggers in 9ava *istinct 9ava PL/SQL na$espaces

)ut (irst"""a )%>E intr#ducti#n t# 9ava"""

Questi#n 15 Dhat is 9ava3#uld it 'e""" The end #( pr#gra$$ing hist#r& as !e +n#! it The easiest< (astest< slic+est piece #( s#(t!are ever designed '&

h $ ' i g


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1B:

hu$an 'eings 9ust the latest in a series #( Jsilver 'ulletsJ pr#$#ted '& s#(t!are

vend#rs in #rder t# pr#p up quarterl& sales The (irst and #nl& success(ul O-O language #ne #( the a'#ve

De d#nIt reall& need t# ta+e a v#te" De .ust need t# +eep a (ir$ grip #n c#$$#n sense and sta& (#cused

#n delivering s#luti#ns"

Questi#n 5 Dill 9ava %eplace PL/SQLDhile that scenari# is certainl& p#ssi'le< it is ver& unli+el&and t#tall& unthin+a'le (#r &ears t# c#$e"

PL/SQL !ill till ' 5


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1BB

PL/SQL !ill still 'e5 aster and $#re pr#ductive than 9ava (#r data'ase #perati#ns" A language in !hich hundreds #( th#usands #( devel#pers are

trained" ;'iquit#us in th#usands #( pr#ducti#n applicati#ns and $illi#ns #(

lines #( c#de" Supp#rted and i$pr#ved '& Oracle -- and ver& aggressivel&< t# '##t"

S#$e >$p#rtant Things t# %e$e$'er 9ava is a case sensitive language""" string is de(initel& n#t the sa$e as String"

Ever&thing is a class 0#r an #' ect instantiated (r#$ a


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1BC

Ever&thing is a class 0#r an #'.ect instantiated (r#$ aclass2""" )e(#re u can call a 0n#n-static2 class $eth#d< u have t#

instantiate an #'.ect (r#$ that class" Dell< ever&thing excepti#n the pri$itive datat&pes"

?#u d#nIt have t# +n#! h#! t# d# ever&thing !ith 9ava t#get l#ts #( value #ut #( it""" *#nIt get #ver!hel$ed '& all the classes and all the strange quir+s"

)uilding a 9ava 3lass

p&blic cla%% Hell/ ;

p&blic %tatic /id $ai (St'i 9:< a'9%! ;S % $ /& 'i l (NH ll/ /'ldJN!"

LetIs start (r#$ the ver& 'eginning"""


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1BH

p&blic %tatic -/id $ai (St i 9:< a 9%! ; Sy%te$=/&t=p'i tl (NHell/ /'ldJN!" ??

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCE,0RE hell/ ISBE I+ ,B5S_O0TP0T=P0T_LI+E ( Hell/ /'ldJ !"E+,"

Oh< '& the !a&5the PL/SQL

versi#n

# $e$'ers< n# $eth#ds< except the JspecialJ $ain $eth#d" ;sed t# test #r run stand-al#ne a classt $eans that i( urclass c#ntains a $eth#d !ith this header5

p&blic %tatic /id $ai (St'i 9:< a'9%!


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1B8

p&blic %tatic -/id $ai (St'i 9:< a'9%!

d a-a a-a Hell/

d a-a a-a Hell/ $/$

then u can JrunJ the $ain $eth#d !ith the .avac#$$and5

?#u can als# pass #ne #r $#re argu$ents #n thec#$$and line5

Mell# ".ava

;sing a 3lassThe $ain $eth#d is hand& (#r pr#viding a 'uilt-in test$echanis$ #( ur class"

;suall&< h#!ever< u !ill use a class '& instantiating$ $


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;suall&< h#!ever< u !ill use a class & instantiating#'.ects (r#$ the class and then inv#+ing class $eth#ds #nthe #'.ect"

LetIs 'uild a per(#r$ance anal&,er class t# expl#re theseideas"

3#$pare Per(#r$ance #( 6eth#ds;se System>c3**e+tTime4illis t# calculate elapsed ti$e t#nearest th#usandth #( a sec#nd"

cla%% T$' ;


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1CF

cla%% T$ ;p'i-ate l/ 9 %ta't D "

p&blic -/id capt&'e (! ; %ta't D Sy%te$=c&''e tTi$e5illi%(!" ?

p&blic -/id %h/ Elap%ed (! ; p=l (NElap%ed ti$e N)

Sy%te$=c&''e tTi$e5illi%(! 8 %ta't!" ?

p&blic l/ 9 elap%ed (! ; 'et&' (Sy%te$=c&''e tTi$e5illi%(! 8 %ta't!" ?

p&blic -/id %h/ Elap%ed (St'i 9 c/ te t! ; p=l (NElap%ed ti$e #/' N c/ te t) elap%ed(!!" ??

p".avaT$r".ava

>n ile".ava

T&pes #( 3lassesThere are several di((erent +inds #( classes in 9ava< 'esidesthe JregularJ +ind !e .ust sa!"""


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1C1

A'stract class The class can c#ntain $e$'ers and $eth#ds< 'ut at least #ne

$eth#d re$ains uni$ple$ented"

>nter(ace class The class #nl& c#ntains uni$ple$ented $eth#ds"

>nner class 3lasses that are de(ined inside #ther classes"

And #! (#r S#$e Scar& )u,,!#rds>nheritance Su'classes inherit $eth#ds and varia'les (r#$ extended superclasses"

P#l&$#rphis$ An #'.ect #( a class can have J$ultipleJ (#r$s< either as its #!n class #r as


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( $ p ( $an& superclass"

*&na$ic p#l&$#rphis$5 (#r$ is deter$ined at run-ti$e" Static p#l&$#rphis$5 (#r$ is ch#sen at c#$pile-ti$e 0PL/SQL #verl#ading2"

$ ,lassierarch!

Pers#n".ava

Pers#n

3iti,en

3#rp#rati#n

Dar 3ri$inal

E$pl#&ee

supert&pe/J!iderJ su't&pe/Jnarr#!erJ

M#url& D#r+er

SalariedD#r+er

6anage$ent

#n-6anage$ent

Language )asics3#$$ents Si 9le li e c/$$e t

4 Bl/c* c/$$e t 4

44 /c&$e tati/ c/$$e t 4


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1C:

Pri$itive datat&pes S# > lied these are n#t #'.ects

instantiated (r#$ classes"

44 ,/c&$e tati/ c/$$e t 4

b//leacha'byte%h/'t

i tl/ 9#l/atd/&ble

Strings A String #'.ect is a read-#nl& i( u

assign a ne! value t# it< u areactuall& all#cating a ne! #'.ect"

3anIt d# a direct c#$paris#n"

St'i 9 $y+a$e"$y+a$e D NSte-e N"$y+a$e D NFe&e'%tei N"

i# ($y+a$e=e7&al%(Y/&'+a$e!!

#/& dFa$ily(!"

Driting L##ps in 9avaThree +inds #( l##ps5 !hile


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1CB

d/ ; l/%t%aSt#? hile (e p'e%%i/ !"

hile (e p'e%%i/ ! ; l/%t%aSt#

?

#/ (i itialiQe e p e%%i/ %tep! ; l/t%aSt#?

#/' (i d i d D "i d a'9%=le 9th"i d !

Sy%te$=/&t=p'i tl (a'9%:i d

Exa$ples5

Passing Para$etersS#$e i$p#rtant di((erences (r#$ PL/SQL""" # de(ault values (#r argu$ents u $ust suppl& a value (#r each

para$eter"

Onl& p#siti#nal n#tati#n is supp#rted"


155/269

PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1CC

p pp >( a $eth#d has n# argu$ents< u still include the #pen and cl#se

parentheses"

cla%% P&te'Li 9/ ; p'i-ate St'i 9 $ a$e" p&blic P&te'Li 9/ (St'i 9 a$e! ; $ a$e D a$e" ? p&blic St'i 9 a$e (! ; 'et&' $ a$e" ??cla%% L/t%ALi 9/% ; p&blic %tatic -/id $ai (St'i 9 a'9%:

Excepti#n Mandling in 9ava4er& si$ilar t# PL/SQL u Jthr#!J and JcatchJ excepti#ns*E

"+oad int# server using Nl#ad.ava c#$$and-linet##l


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1H1

:" 1ublish PL/SQL c#ver using AS LA+ 0A EAVA=== rather than BE I+===E+,

B"2rant privileges as desiredC"*all (r#$ PL/SQL 0#r SQL2 as i( calling PL/SQL

3reate 9ava class0es2

t#String $eth#dt#$ ti ll& d '&

cla%% C/'p/'ati/ e te d% Pe'%/ ; l/ 9 lay/##%" l/ 9 CEOC/$pe %ati/ "

p&blic C/'p/'ati/ ( St'i 9 P a$e) l/ 9 Play/##%) l/ 9 Pce/C/$p! ;

a$e D P a$e" lay/##% D Play/##%"CEOC/$pe %ati/ D Pce/C/$p"

#tes #n 9avaclasses


162/269


aut#$aticall& used '&S&ste$"#ut"println

$ain $eth#d is used t#test the class"

Entr& p#ints $ust 'ep&blic %tatic in $#stcases

3lasses $a& call #therclasses

Av#id K;> calls

CEOC/$pe %ati/ D Pce/C/$p ?

p&blic St'i 9 t/St'i 9 (! ; 'et&' a$e

N i% a t'a % ati/ al e tity ith N lay/##% N laid8/## e$pl/yee%) payi 9 it%N

N Chie# E ec&ti-e O##ice' N CEOC/$pe %ati/ " ?

p&blic %tatic -/id $ai (St'i 9:< a'9%! ; A -e'y %ca'y c/$pa y C/'p/'ati/ The l/bal5/ %te' D

e C/'p/'ati/ ( N+/'th'&p8F/'d85attel8Yah//8ATTN)

M ) M !"

Sy%te$=/&t=p'i tl (The l/bal5/ %te'!" ?? pers#n".ava

;pl#ad using Nl#ad.ava utilit&7racle ) i ser8er

load=a8a

a8aclass

a8areso+rce

3class


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1H:

Exa$ple5

l#ad.ava #pti#ns 0a''reviated2-#ci8 l#ad.ava !ill c#nnect using O3> driver

-res#lve %es#lves external class re(erences atc#$pile ti$e-res#lver 0sh#!n later2 Search path li+e 3LASSPATM

l/ad a-a 8&%e' %c/tt ti9e' 8/ci.8'e%/l-e datac'a#t bill Hell/=cla%%

a8aso+rce

Pu'lishExa$ple 0t#p-levelcall spec2

CREATE OR REPLACE F0+CTIO+ hell/_e$p(e$p /_i I+ +05BER!

RET0R+ VARCHAR2

AS LA+ 0A E AVA +A5E datac'a#t=bill=Hell/=E$p(i t!


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1HB

S&ntax 0si$pli(ied2

'et&' a-a=la 9=St'i 9 "

CREATE : OR REPLACE < ; PROCE,0RE > F0+CTIO+ ? < name > : RET0R+ < s ltype > ! C0RRE+T_0SER ? P2T_LI'E# hell/_e$p( K ! &)E'D)


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1HC

6eth#d 5 ;se 8 i SQL 3ALL state$ent (#r exa$ple< (r#$SQL@Plus5

3ALL av#ids #verhead #( SELECT fn FRO5 ,0AL

VA IABLE the+ame VA C!A "#6"&CALL hell/_e$p( K ! I+TO the a$e"P I'T @the+ame

.sp"sql

Pu'lishing -- $#re c#nceptsShape $apping

9ava $eth#ds declared Nv#id 'ec#$e PL/SQL procedures

Signature $is$atches detected #nl& at runti$e


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PL/SQL Advanced Techniques - page 1HH

T&pe $apping 0t&pical2 .ava"lang"String 4A%3MA% .ava"sql"Ti$esta$p *ATE .ava"$ath")ig*eci$al ;6)E%#racle"sql"ST%;3T user-de(ined #'.ect t&pe

'named type( user-de(ined #'.ect t&pe#racle"sql"%E #'.ect %E erence

#racle"sql"A%%A? user-de(ined c#llecti#n t&pe

Pu'lish in PL/SQL Pac+age Spec*esignate 9ava $#dule in PL/SQL pac+age spec"""

C EATE O EPLACE PACKAGE hell-_p .AS


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F2'CTIO' hi_emp #emp+-_i+ I' '24BE & ET2 ' VA C!A " AS LA+ 0A E AVA +A5E datac'a#t=&til=Hell/=E$p(i t!

'et&' a-a=la 9=St'i 9 "E'D)

>&o -ac(a:e bod! re +ired in this case?

Pu'lish as $#dule in pac+age '#d&"""#r in pac+age '#d&

C EATE O EPLACE PACKAGE hell-_p ."AS F2'CTIO' hi_emp #emp+-_i+ I' '24BE &

ET2 ' VA C!A ")


168/269


ET2 VA C!A )E'D)

C EATE O EPLACE PACKAGE BODY hell-_p ."AS F2'CTIO' hi_emp #emp+-_i+ I' '24BE & ET2 ' VA C!A " IS LA+ 0A E AVA +A5E datac'a#t=&til=Hell/=E$p(i t! 'et&' a-a=la 9=St'i 9 "E'D)

Pu'lish as #'.ect t&pe $eth#dEither inspec5

C EATE O EPLACE TYPE f--_t AS OB:ECT #


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C EATE O EPLACE TYPE f--_t AS OB:ECT #


170/269


ALTER AVA c/$pile% a-a %/&'ce) 'e%/l-e% a-acla%% 'e#e'e ce%=

,ROP AVA d r#ps a na$ed 9ava li'rar& unit

Several r#les availa'le (#r 9ava #perati#ns5 9A4A;SE%P%>4< 9A4AS?SP%>4 0needed (#r (ile >O #perati#ns2 < 9A4A>*P%>4< 9A4A*E);KP%>4

?#u can als# grant speci(ic privileges"

Passing Oracle8 #'.ects

7racle) i ser8er

O'.ectin O %

a8a a--lication

a8a a--lication

9ava#' ect


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Marder than uGd thin+

Three di((erent inter(acing techniques, /'acle=%7l=STR0CT

, /'acle=%7l=C&%t/$,at&$, /'acle= dbc2=S@L,ata

in O-%ta'le

# .ect

9Pu'lisher utilit&Dhat d#es it d#

Kenerates 9ava thatencapsulates t&pe and

%E

Th & #( $ i

@atabase ser8er

@e


172/269


Three t&pes #( $appingsupp#rted (#r $eth#ds

NOracle $apping

N9*)3 $apping NO'.ect 9*)3 $apping

data dictionar!

P+blisher

Kenerated 9ava(ile0s2 (#r use in9ava pr#gra$s

Passing #'.ect using 9Pu'-generated 9avaA(ter generating and upl#ading classes !ith 9Pu'$p#rt the ile class t# res#lve re(erence" >nstantiate a ile #'.ect (#r the speci(ied na$e" 3all the $eth#d #( ch#ice against that #'.ect and return

the value"

9 ile ".ava

)uild a Pac+age #ver 9ava 6eth#dLetIs put it in a pac+age !e !ill certainl& !ant t#add $#re (uncti#nalit& #ver ti$e" > translate the 9ava l#ng t# a PL/SQL ;6)E%"

CREATE OR REPLACE PACUA E #ile


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CREATE OR REPLACE PACUA E #ileIS

F0+CTIO+ le 9th (#ile I+ VARCHAR2! RET0R+ +05BER"E+,"

CREATE OR REPLACE PACUA E BO,Y #ileIS F0+CTIO+ le 9th (#ile I+ VARCHAR2! RET0R+ +05BER AS LA+ 0A E AVA +A5E File=le 9th ( a-a=la 9=St'i 9! 'et&' l/ 9 "E+,"

x(ile "p+g

6apping the )##lean *atat&pe)#th 9ava and PL/SQL supp#rt a native )##leandatat&pe< s# uId expect s$##th sailing" #t s#

T# pass a )##lean 'ac+ (r#$ 9ava t# PL/SQL< u!ill need t# ta+e these steps5


178/269


p 1" 3#nvert the 9ava '##lean t# a String #r nu$'er and

return that value"

" Drite a JhiddenJ PL/SQL !rapper (uncti#n that returnsthe string #r nu$'er" :" Drite a Jpu'licJ PL/SQL !rapper (uncti#n t# c#nvert

that nu$'er t# a true PL/SQL )##lean"

Translate )##lean t# u$'er Accept the na$e #( a (ile and return its length"

i$p/'t a-a=i/=File"

p&blic cla%% File3 ; p&blic %tatic i t ca Read (St'i 9 #ile+a$e! ;

$ $


179/269


File $yFile D e File (#ile+a$e!" b//lea 'et-al D $yFile=ca Read(!" i# ('et-al! 'et&' G" el%e 'et&' " ??

Translate T%;E t# 1 and ALSE t# F" And d#nIt (#rget5 this is a '##lean pri$itive< n#t a )##lean class"

9 ile:".ava

Drapper (#r Pseud#-)##lean (uncti#nSi$ple translati#n 'ac+ t# PL/SQL )##lean" Av#id the hard-c#dings !ith na$ed c#nstants"""

CREATE OR REPLACE PACUA E #ile ISF0+CTIO+ ca Read (#ile I+ VARCHAR2! RET0R+ BOOLEA+"

E+,"


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CREATE OR REPLACE PACUA E BO,Y #ileIS F0+CTIO+ Ica Read (#ile I+ VARCHAR2! RET0R+ +05BER

AS LA+ 0A E AVA +A5E File3=ca Read ( a-a=la 9=St'i 9! 'et&' i t "

F0+CTIO+ ca Read (#ile I+ VARCHAR2! RET0R+ BOOLEA+ AS BE I+ RET0R+ Ica Read (#ile! D G" E+,"

E+,"

x(ile:"p+g9 ileB".ava

x(ileB"p+g9 ile".avax(ile"p+g

Passing O'.ects t# 9ava !ith ST%;3T ?#u can pass Oracle #'.ect in(#r$ati#n t# 9ava !ith#ut rel&ing #n 9Pu' '& using the ST%;3Tclass"

p&blic cla%% 0 i/ B&%te' ;

p&blic %tatic -/id a9eSt'ate9y (STR0CT e! th'/ % a-a=%7l=S@LE cepti/ ;

O'tain attri'utes #(the Oracle #'.ect"


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@ p ; et the att'ib&te% /# the lab/'_%/&'ce /b ect= Ob ect:< att'ib% D e=9etAtt'ib&te%(!"

Acce%% i di-id&al att'ib&te% by a''ay i de ) %ta'ti 9 ith

St'i 9 lab/'Type D (St'i 9!(att'ib%:

Sy%te$=/&t=p'i tl ( NPay N lab/'Type N N

h/&'ly_'ate N pe' h/&'N!" ??

Extract individualattri'ute values (r#$

the arra&";ni#n)uster".ava

pass#'."tst

Drapping a ST%;3T-'ased 6eth#d ?#u can pass Oracle #'.ect in(#r$ati#

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Advanced Techniques of PL/SQL

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