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Advanced Transport Phenomena 10.528
Instructor: Dr. Nese OrbeyOffice: Engineering Building 304
Office Phone: 978-934-3141E-mail: [email protected]
Office hours: TBD
Pressurized Water Reactor
Boiling Water Reactor
PEM Fuel Cell
Transport Phenomena
• Fluid dynamics - transport of momentum • Heat transfer - transport of energy• Mass transfer - transport of mass of various
chemical species
Why study these three phenomena together?
• Occur simultaneously• Basic equations are similar solution “by
analogy”• Molecular mechanisms are very closely
relatedViscosity, μthermal conductivity, kDiffusivity, D
APPROACH
1. Understand the system; conceptualize
2. Apply fundamental laws Determine constitutive equations Determine boundary conditions
3. Solve the equations with boundary conditions
4. Interpret physically
Mathematical FormulationFundamental Physical Principles (Basic concepts)• Conservation of mass• Conservation of chemical species• Conservation of momentum• Conservation of energy
Inventory EquationsRate in –Rate out+ Rate of generation = Rate of
accumulation
Constitutive Equations• Newton’s Law of viscosity• Fourier’s Law • Fick’s Law
Levels of Transport Phenomena
• Macroscopic Level• Microscopic Level• Molecular Level
Sir Isaac Newton1642-1727 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
1768 – 1830
Transport Coefficients For low Density Gases
Kinetic theory of gases
•Molecules are rigid and spherical
•No interaction between molecules
Equation 1-4-9
m:mass
d:diameter
K:Boltzman constant
Molecular InteractionsChapman -Enskog TheoryForce of attraction is related to the potential energy
Lennard-Jones potentialEquation 1.4-10
σ:collision diameterε: energy of interaction
Ωμ : f(KT/ε)
Appendix E Table E.2