Advancements in

Lightning Test Services

Presentation Overview

Basic Lightning

Concepts Indirect Effects Testing

Waveforms

General Test Methods

Elite Testing Capability What’s in place

What’s new

Lightning Test Overview

Standard Lightning Model

Cloud to Ground

Cloud to Cloud

Intra-cloud

Negative Flash

Positive Flash

Complex response

measured on aircraft

Aircraft studies

Lightning is

probabilistic and

variable

Standard Lightning Model

Opposite

Polarity

Charge

Region

Bidirectional Junction Leaders

Originate at Aircraft

Naturally

occurring

leader

originates at

charge region

Negative Lightning Flash Model

Lightning Effects

Direct Effects

(Physical Effects)

Burning, Melting,

Arcing, Blasting,

Puncture

Indirect Effects

(Electromagnetic

Effects)

Aperture Coupling

Structural IR Voltage

Direct Strike Current Waveforms

Multiple Stroke

Multiple Burst

Indirect Current Waveforms(3H)

Indirect Multi-burst Waveform 3H

Aperture Coupling

V Direct Strike

Current

Aperture

Indirect Current Waveforms

Direct Waveform 1

Magnetic fields generated by di/dt of

Waveform 1 produce current and

voltage indirect waveforms

Indirect Waveform 1

Indirect Waveform 2

Indirect Current Waveforms

Indirect Current Waveforms

Waveform 4

Appears on conductors within shields due to the

product of shield current and shield transfer

impedance.

Waveform 5

Long duration waveform appears on cables in

more resistive CFC structures

Injection Methods

Injection Methods

Injection Methods

Elite’s Lightning Testing

How Does Elite Perform the Test

Our present capabilities

What’s new

Elite Test Levels DO-160E

Pin Injection

RTCA DO 160E Table 22-2

Waveforms

3 (1MHz) 4 5A/5B

Level Voc/Isc Voc/Isc Voc/Isc

1 100/4 50/10 50/50

2 250/10 124/25 125/125

3 600/24 300/60 300/300

4 1500/60 750/150 750/750

5 3200/128 1600/320 1600/1600

Direct Coupled

Elite Test Levels DO-160E

Cable Single Stroke

RTCA DO 160E Table 22-3

Waveforms

1 2 3 (1&10 MHz) 4 5A/5B

Level VL/I

T V

T/I

L V

T/I

L V

T/I

L V

L/I

T

1 50/100 50/100 100/20 50/100 50/150

2 125/250 125/250 250/50 125/250 125/400

3 300/600 300/600 600/120 300/600 300/1000

4 750/1500 750/1500 1500/300 750/1500 750/2000

5 1600/3200 1600/3200 3200/640 1600/3200 1600/5000

Inductive Coupled

Ground Injection

Elite Test Levels DO-160E

Cable Multiple Stroke RTCA DO 160E Table 22-4

Waveforms

1 2 3 (1&10 MHz) 4 5A/5B

Level VL/I

T V

T/I

L V

T/I

L V

T/I

L V

L/I

T

First (L5) 1600/1600 1600/1600 3200/640 800/1600 640/2000

Subsequent (L5) 800/800 800/800 1600/320 400/800 320/1000

Inductive Coupler

Ground Injection

Elite Test Levels DO-160E

Multiple Burst

RTCA DO 160E Table 22-2

Waveforms

3 (1&10 MHz)

Level VT/I

L

1 60/1

2 150/2.5

3 360/6

4 900/15

5 1920/32

Inductive Coupled

Elite’s Lightning Testing

Commercially Available Equipment

Modify Existing Haefely Equipment

Many Different Requirements

Flexibility

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

DO160 Basic Unit

Solid state switches and a 10,000V,

100kVA high voltage supply to

produce the Single Stroke and Multiple

Stroke pulses.

The Multiple Stroke triggering patterns

are produced with a Lecroy or Agilent

arbitrary function generator.

Waveform Plug-In. Resistive, inductive and capacitive

(RLC) networks.

Elite Built Lightning Generator

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Elite Built Generator Plug in Modules

JSF & F22 Lightning

Cable Single Stroke JSF

Waveforms

1 2 4 5A/5B

Level VL/I

T V

T/I

L V

T/I

L V

L/I

T

1 50/100 50/100 50/100 50/150

2 125/250 125/250 125/250 125/400

3 300/600 300/600 300/600 300/1000

4 750/1500 750/1500 750/1500 750/2000

5 1600/3200 1600/3200 1600/3200 1600/5000

Inductive Coupled

Ground Injection

F22 SS, MS, Burst

Burst - 0.2 x 4usec Voltage Pulse

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Transient

Generator

Oscilloscope

Current

Monitoring Probe

Test Item

100x Voltage

Monitoring Probe

Typical Cable Injection Lightning Induced Transient Setup

LISNs

To Support

Equipment3.3 Meter

Interconnecting

Bundles

5 cm 5 cm

1 Meter Power Leads

Secondary

Voltage Loop

Transient

Injection Probe

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Oscilloscope

Current

Monitoring Probe

Test Item

100x Voltage

Monitoring Probe

Typical Multiple Burst Cable Injection Lightning Induced Transient Setup

LISNs

To Support

Equipment3.3 Meter

Interconnecting

Bundles

5 cm 5 cm

1 Meter Power Leads

Secondary

Voltage Loop

Arbitrary

Waveform

Generator

Amplifier

Transient

Injection Probe

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Elite’s Lightning Equipment

Elite Electronic Engineering has a vast number of coupling probes from many manufacturers.

The probes are made of materials, such as oriented silicon steel and various permeability ferrites.

Through extensive experimentation, each probe has been matched to the generator for producing the best possible waveform.

Large cables can be accommodated with larger opening probes.

Elite’s Specialty Lightning Equipment

What’s Next

Higher Amplitudes

Waveform 6H?

Automation

Elite’s Lightning Test Capability

Summary

DO-160E

Single Stroke, Multi-Stroke, Multi-Burst

Waveforms 1-5, Levels 1-5

MIL-461E

CS-115, 116

JSF

Combination Waveform 1&2, 4&5A

Specialty Pulse Requirements

Elite’s Lightning Test Capability

Reference

SAE ARP 5412/13/14/15/16

RTCA DO-160E