Advances in Energy Storage and Implementing a Peak Shaving Battery at Fort Carson
Travis Starns
Business Development Manager - AECOM
Nov. 20, 2018
2
Agenda
Applications for
energy storage
Advances in energy
storage technologies
Fort Carson peak
shaving battery
Applications for Energy Storage
3
4
Changing Landscape in Electricity Generation
Utilities plan more renewables and distributed
energy resources
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2018, Feb. 6, 2018
Annual Electricity Generating Capacity Additions and Retirements (GW)
Gig
aw
att
s (
GW
)
Flexible generation needed
– Mediate supply and load in locations with high renewables
– Positive impact on GHG emission targets
IN LAST 5 YEARS:
Non-renewables: 43 GW
Renewables: 55 GW
FROM 2009 - 2017:
Wind/solar account
for ~50% of
utility-scale additions.
Permitting and installation of new grid infrastructure
– Challenging in many areas
Wide deployment of electric vehicles is
driving battery prices to decline.
5
Trends in Energy Storage
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Price ($/kWh)
Source: Bloomberg NEF
Solar industry is adopting energy storage
to drive business.
– Increased self consumption
– Solar firming/intermittency
– Ramp control
– Leverage available tax credits
– Demand reduction during shoulder hours
6
Energy Storage Technology Survey by Market Segment
Generation/
wholesale
Transmission
and distribution
End-user
or aggregator
Utility scale
storage
– Batteries
– Pumped Hydro
– Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
T&D Management
– Batteries – Flywheels – CAES
Behind the meter
– Batteries – Thermal
7 Presentation Title
Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage
Drivers
Time of Use load shifting
Backup/security (resiliency)
Wholesale arbitrage
Fuel saving (Electric Vehicles)
Demand charge management
Ancillary services
8 Presentation Title
Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage
Incentives Challenges
+ Cost, cost and cost…
+ Demand charge management
+ TOU load shifting
+ Automotive fuel savings, Utility
bundled solutions
+ Renewable pairing
‒ Cost, cost and cost…
‒ Grid interconnection capacity
‒ Electricity forecast uncertainty
‒ Participation/eligibility of storage
in electricity markets
‒ Tariff structure
+
Utilities focus on electricity system:
• Reliability: withstand uncontrolled events
• Security: withstand attacks (physical, cyber)
• Resilience: adapt to changing conditions and
recover from disruptions
Non-residential (C&I) customers:
• Accounted for 63% of electricity sold in 2017
• Account for ~13% of utility customer base
• Rate schedules typically include demand
charges that can account for 70% of electricity
costs
9
Interest in Behind-the-Meter Storage Systems by Utilities
Source: “Sales_Ult_Cust_2017” www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/
2017 US Electricity Sales (MWh) by Market Segment
Demand response
Grid infrastructure deferral
Regulatory mandates
Virtual power plant
Aggregation
Local grid support
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Utility Interest in Behind-the-Meter BESS
Residential
C&I, Federal Facilities
EV’s
Electric Utility Meter
Standard Residential Load
Phoenix - AZ
Advances in Energy Storage Technology & Applications
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Energy Storage Technology Summary
Bulk Power
1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW
Se
co
nd
s
Min
ute
s
Ho
urs
Dis
ch
arg
e T
ime
at
Ra
ted
Po
we
r
Fast Response Systems Grid Support and Balancing
Typical Efficiency 45-70% 70-85% >85%
Compressed Air
Energy Storage
Fly Wheel
Flow Batteries Sodium Sulphur
Pumped Hydro Storage
Super Capacitor
Advanced Lead Acid
Lithium-Ion
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Battery Storage and Gas Turbine Hybrid
Southern California Edison retrofit gas peaker stations with Li-Ion BESS
– Provides spinning reserves
– Ancillary and grid support services
– Reduce fuel and water consumption
during operations
• Saves 2 million gallons of water
• Reduce emissions by 60%
– Reduced operations & maintenance
– Maintains flexibility in balancing
demand and variable generation from
renewable resources
Flow batteries consist of two liquid tanks, membrane and two electrodes
Multiple chemistries offered:
• Iron-Chromium
• Vanadium Redox
• Zinc-Bromine
Technically viable solution for applications > 4 hrs.
No energy degradation
Low cost of ownership
Long useful life
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Long Duration Battery Storage Technologies:
Flow Batteries
2MW/8MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Air turns to liquid -196°C
Store liquid air in insulated,
unpressurised tanks
Thermal expansion used to drive turbine
Bulk storage capability with
no geographic constraints
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Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies:
Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)
Source: Highview Power
Convert electricity into compressed air
Store compressed air in underground
accumulator
• Isobaric
• Hydrostatically compensated
• Significantly smaller volume required
compared to traditional (diabatic)
CAES
Flexible siting characteristics
No hazardous chemicals or fossil fuels
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Source: Hydrostor, Inc.
Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies:
Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES)
Industrial site in Australia
– Peak Load: ~140 MW
– Demand charges have increased by 90% over last 18 months
– Solar: 120 MW
– Storage: 20 MW (discharge rating)
Business Case – Drive Operational Savings
– Reduce demand charges
– Reduce need for new grid infrastructure
– Provide reliability services to the grid
• Voltage support
• Synchronous inertia
– Leverage additional operational savings as a source of back-up power during operation
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A-CAES Plus Solar for Baseload (20 MW)
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A-CAES + Solar PV – Industrial Site Demand
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
MW
Half Hour
Firm commitment (Solar direct & Storage)
Direct PV to Site
Operations
(White Area)
Grid Power
(Grey Area)
Fort Carson: Peak Shaving Battery
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Fort Carson Background
Fort Carson: ~137,000 acres
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site:
~ 235,000 acres
Training installation with over
26,000 Soldiers assigned
Over 14 MSF of facility space
Three government-owned
substations
Fort Carson & Surrounding Military Communities
Air Force
Academy
Buckley
AFB
Pinyon
Canyon
Fort
Carson
Cheyenne
Mountain
Air Station
Schriever
AFB
Peterson
AFB
Emerging Approach – ESPC to Deliver BESS
Rate 2017
ONP Demand (kW) $17.28
OFFP Demand (kW) $9.34
ONP Supply (kWh) $0.0480
OFFP Supply (kWh) $0.0228
0.14%
Significantly reduce electricity
demand charges
Right-size BESS to optimize
project ROI
Potential use-cases to consider
at your facility:
• TOU shifting
• Solar-firming
• Frequency/voltage support
• Microgrid support
The maximum savings per month is a function of maximum BESS discharge rate
With a smaller capacity battery:
– Choice of discharge point determines savings
– Increase discharge rate to increase savings
Limiting factors:
– Maximum discharge rate (MW)
– Total battery capacity (MWh)
– Accuracy of peak forecast
BESS for Peak Shaving
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Baseline load
Modified load
Battery capacity (MWh)
Lo
ad
(M
WV
) Five consecutive days in August 2015
Denotes on-peak demand period
Fort Carson: Load Profile (August 2015)
Billing demand –
the greatest 15-
minute load during
on-peak hours in
the billing period
34,401
Lo
ad
(M
WV
)
15-minute interval data – August 2015
Fort Carson: Peak Demand Reduction (August 2015)
The difference
between peak and
the battery
engagement level is
where the peak
demand charge is
reduced.
34,401
31,050
Lo
ad
(M
WV
)
Actual demand
Battery discharge level
Days where ceiling for peak demand is established
Fort Carson: Peak-Shaving Sequence
$58,000 in on-peak
demand charge
savings for the
month of August.
15-minute interval data – August 2015
Ft. Carson BESS System Summary
2017 GridStar – 300 kW/600 kwh
Power Rating 4,200 kW (14 modules)
Energy Rating 8,500 kWh (14 modules)
Voltage 480 VAC
Round Trip % ~86%
Dimensions 144 x 60 x 96 inches/module
Control System GELI - EOS
Operational Life Expectancy 21 years
Fort Carson ESPC: Estimate of Demand Savings
$436,000 Year 1 savings
$713,000 Year 19 savings (Assumes 4% escalation rate)
Est. 83 full cycles/annum Duty cycle
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Year 1 – Demand Charge Savings
$-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ax
is T
itle
df
Control system and predictive modeling
Existing/planned distributed energy resources
Tariff/rate structure
000
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Considerations for Battery Energy Storage
Importance of interval data
– Analysis and design
– Power and energy requirements
– Duty cycle (impact to system degradation)
Presentation Title
Key Takeways
000
Escalation of demand charges
are likely to continue
Li-Ion BESS are expected to continue to dominate market share as cell costs continue to decline
ESPC delivery model
is emerging approach to BESS
deployment
Energy storage technology
selection and right sizing for optimal ROI
• Independent of commodity escalation
• Established framework for equitable allocation of risk
• Guaranteed performance of BESS
• Multiple use cases for cost savings and resiliency
Travis Starns
Business Development Manager – AECOM
+1-303-740-3856