Advances in IP+Opticald2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2016/usa/pdf/BRKSPG-2116.pdf · •Power...

Advances in IP+Optical

Emerson Moura – Distinguished Systems Engineer

BRKSPG-2116

• Why Converged IP+Optical?

• Consideration factors for IP+Optical Design

• IP+Optical Integration Architectures and Management

• New Trends with the NCS2000 and NCS 4000

• Multilayer Control Plane and SDN

• Conclusion

Agenda

Why Converged IP+Optical Architectures

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2116

Service Provider Networking: An Industry in ChangeSignificant Traffic Growth, Driven by Video

50 Billion Connected

Thingsby 2020

Connected Things Growing 5X Faster than

Mobile Devices

More than 22% of all

networked events will be

Machine Driven by 2017

Emergence of M2M and Internet of Everything (IoE)

Technological Inflections

4K Video

Cloud-basedNFV + SDN

LTE

Virtualized Software

21% CAGR

Low Customer Growth and/or Flat/Dropping ARPU

ACG, 2013

5


Market Trends – 2020 Projections

Emerging Trends

• Focus on Service Optimization

Rather than layers / elements

• Step-Up Network Convergence

New Multi-Layer Opportunities

• Dynamic Service Activation

Anywhere, anytime, automated

• Static to Dynamic Transport

Flexible data rates and spectrum

• Dynamic = Complexity?

SW - Simplify, Simplify, Simplify

Growth Trends (Cisco VNI June 2016)

• Global Internet Traffic Growth

3x in 5 years, 4.1 Billion users, 52% of world Population

• Faster Broadband Speeds

2x increase in user rates

• More Connected Devices

26.3 billion networked devices and connections globally

• Video continues to dominate

82% of all internet traffic

• Mobile connectivity

>50% of all connections are mobile

BRKOPT-2118 6


Provider Challenges

• Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities of IoE

• Reduce Network Costs

• Bandwidth growing at a faster rate then revenue

• Simplify / Streamline Operational Models

• Network complexity adding Operational costs

• Decrease time to new Service introduction

• TTM - key to revenue acceleration and market leadership!

• Maintain SLA expectations

• BW grows - maintain SLAs while controlling cost

• Cooling, Footprint and POWER

• More BW < overall power, footprint and cooling challenge

Huge Growth

Profitability

Rapidly

Changing

Traffic patterns

Tightening

SLA’s

7

Consideration Factors for IP+Optical Design


Linear Channel Impairments

Attenuation

Caused by fiber and passive device losses

Polarization Mode Dispersion

Caused by fiber

Chromatic Dispersion

Caused by fiber

OSNR Degradation

Caused by ASE in EDFA’s

Noise

9


Linear Optical Imparement SolutionsAttenuation

EDFA’s can help overcome attenuation, applied per span, but add noise

…Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification can overcome attenuation with minimal noise. FEC also helps.

Polarization Mode Dispersion

Generally have to live with it. Regenerate signal when required.

…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Nothing can overcome losses in OSNR! Must regenerate!

…But advanced Forward Error Correction can lower OSNR requirements

Chromatic Dispersion

DCU’s can help mitigate dispersion problems, applied per span, but add cost, latency, and loss

…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection

10


Improve OSNR Performance with FEC

• FEC extends reach and design flexibility, at “silicon cost”

• G.709 standard improves OSNR tolerance by 6.2 dB (at 10–15 BER)

• Offers intrinsic performance monitoring

(error statistics)

• Higher gains (8.4dB) possible by enhanced

FEC (with same G.709 overhead)

• Yet Higher gains by Soft decision (SD)

FEC

OSNR (dB)

10

Lo

g(B

it E

rror

Rate

)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

-11

-12

-13

CODING GAIN

Pre-FEC

BER

Post-FEC

BER

11


SD-FEC – What is it ?• Enhancing Performance is key as we push new modulation schemes to their

reach limits and attempt to eliminate regenerators in networks.

• 2dB improvement – 1000Km additional reach

Hard Decision (HD)

Single bit Decisions : Yes or No

One or Zero

Soft Decision (SD)

Probability decisions : Very likely, likely,

...undecided, ... very unlikely

Log Likelihood Ratios (LLRs)

Iterative decodingCrossword Puzzle metaphor

Firmly knowing a column word

allows to correct a wild guess for

a row word

Turbo decodingMultiple decoders ( or observers ) exchange information

to enhance result

12


Different Modulation Techniques Accommodates different BW and Distance Needs

13


Trade off of Reach and Capacity• Trunk interfaces with

programmable

modulation schemes

will be available

• Interface could support

50G BPSK, 100G

QPSK, 200G 16-QAM,

and 250G 16-QAM

• Design algorithm will

choose modulation

schemes to minimize

interface/regenerator

count

14

IP+Optical Architectures and Management


Standards Drive Adoption

IEEE

OIF

ITU IEEEOIF

Transport NetworksLayer 1/0 interoperability

Client InterfacesLayer 2/1 interoperability

Hardware VendorsComponent Interoperability,

Commonality

Control Plane, MIBs, YANG

IETF

Broadband Forum

16


DWDM Building Blocks

Transponders

DWDM

Multiplexer

Optical

Amplifiers

(Reconfigurable)

Optical Add/Drop

multiplexer

DWDM

Demultiplexer

Integrated DWDM

in client

OA (R)OADM OAOEO

OEO

Client

OEO

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

OEO

17


OTN (G.709) Hierarchy and Frame Structures

• OTN defined a fixed “hierarchy”of payloads

• OTN started as a pure wrapper around WDM client signals to improve reach and manageability.

• Recently it has developed into a complex multiplexing structure.

• ODU-Flex allows flexible sub wavelength grooming.

Frame Payload (OPU)

ODU-0 1,238,954 kbps

OTU-1 2,488,320 kbps

OTU-2 9,995,276 kbps

OTU-3 40,150,519 kbps

OTU-4 104,355,975 kbps

18


Data Plane Integration

• Traditional approach

• Router and Transponder managed separately

• No visibility between layers

• Inefficiency

• IP + Optical integration

• Multilayer interaction

• Integrated management and monitoring

• Lower Capex

• Lower Opex

• Enhanced resiliency

Transponder Packet Node

S

R

S

R

ROADM

Transport NMS ControlRouter NMS Control

Packet Node

ROADM

19


Manage IPoDWDM from CTCTransponder Virtualized into the Optical Network EMS

Secure Management

Channel

Router Management• L2/L3 Interface Information

• Routing Protocols

• IP Addressing

• Security

ROADMRouter

Network Management

DWDM Management

• L1 Interface Information

• Wavelength Usage

• Power Levels and Thresholds

• Performance Monitoring

• Respects boundaries between packet / optical administrative groups

Ability to signal wavelengths

20


nV Optical Transponder virtualized as part of the router

• Transponder becomes an extension of the router

• Power levels, OTN overhead, and alarms available in real-time on the router

• DWDM interface controlled and monitored by router

• Control Plane Interaction

TSP

Transponder

ShelfRouter

S

R

PLIM

S

R

ROADM

ShelfSecure

Management

Channel

21


Proactive ProtectionProactive Protection

Reactive Protection

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

FEC

working

route

protect

route

fail

over

FEC Cliff

LOF

Time

Transponder

Proactive Protection

protect

route

working

route

FEC Cliff

Protection Trigger

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

SwitchFEC

Time

Router

IP-over-DWDMProactive Protection

Traditional

22


How do we fully utilize a higher speed lambda for lower speed L2/3 connections?

Legacy Client Services - Today

• Predominantly 10G DWDM systems

• SONET/SDH Client Systems 10G with no plans or need for additional capacity

• Packet Services growing rapidly and stressing 10G DWDM systems

40G/100G DWDM Upgrades

• Fixes the demand and fiber exhaust issues

• More capacity per lambda

• Mismatch between some client systems and lambda b/w

Requirement for OTN Hierarchy

23


OTN Building Blocks

• Digital Wrapper • Opti-electrical and optical components :

Transponders and ROADM• Header information for management of optical

layer• Forward Error Correction for increasing optical

drive distances

Optical Cross

Connect

WDM transponders

Adds G.709 headers

Multi-degree ROADM

Cross Connecting Lambdas

Dropping full lambdas

OTN Electrical Cross Connect

Grooming and aggregationSub-lambda interfaces

(SONET, OTN, Ethernet, ESCON)

OTN Hierarchy and Cross Connecting– Electrical solution– Time Division Multiplexing Technology– Switching Hierarchy

24

New Trends with NCS 2000 and NCS 4000


ROADM BackgroundROADM brought flexibility to DWDM networks.

Any wavelength. Anywhere.

But it was a static flexibility.

Moves and changes required a truck roll.

26


ROADM Background

Colored Add/Drop

Fixed port frequency assignment

One unique frequency per port

Directional Add/Drop

Physical add/drop port is

tied to a ROADM “degree”

Due to these restrictions, a change in direction or frequency of an optical circuit

required a physical change (move interface to different port) at the endpoints.

… because ROADM ports were colored and directional.

27


ROADM Advances

Colorless Add/Drop

No port-frequency assignment

Any frequency, any port

Omni-Directional Add/Drop

Add/Drop ports can be routed

to/from any ROADM degree

Colorless and Omni-directional add/drop bring touchless

flexibility, and hence programmability, to ROADM networks.

With Colorless plus Omni-Directional, the frequency and direction of the signal

can be changed, without requiring a change of ROADM add/drop port.

28


ROADM Advances

Directional Add/Drop

ROADMs are by definition

Contentionless

With Contentionless, N instances of a given wavelength (where N = the number of

line degrees in the ROADM node) can be add/dropped from a single device,

eliminating any restrictions on dynamic wavelength provisioning.

Contentionless allows multiple

instances of the same frequency to

add/drop from one unit.

But…Colorless and Omni-directional introduce wavelength

contention at the add/drop stage. Need a Contentionless

architecture.

29


Transmitter can tune its laser’s

frequency to any channel in the

ITU grid.

Tunable lasers work with colorless add/drop to enable touchless changes in the

frequency of an optical signal. Coherent receivers simplify the construction of

colorless and omni-directional ROADM nodes, by eliminating the need to de-

multiplex a signal down to the individual wavelength.

Receiver can select any channel

from of a composite (unfiltered)

signal.

Tunable lasers and coherent receivers are also key

30


How to Increase Transport Capacity?Increase capacity

(bit rate) per

wavelength

Increase the

number of

wavelengths

50 GHz ITU

Grid

Infrastructures

Feasible ADC

bandwidth

400G & Terabit Superchannels

Triple System Capacity

Increase

Modulation

Efficiency

Flexible

Spectrum

Allocation

31


Ch

3Ch3

FlexSpectrum WDM System Architecture

50Ghz ROADM

Ch

1

Ch

2

Ch

4

50GHz

Ch1 Ch2 Ch4

50GHz 50GHz

TX

1

TX

2

TX

3

TX

4

Today‘s 50GHz Grid SystemFlexSpectrum DWDM system

l

DSP-enabled

Transmitters

Signal Shaping

FlexSprectrum

ROADM

Denser Channel

Spacing

32


Nyquist Shaping

Nyquist Superchannel : Set of very closed spaced carriers ( channel spacing

almost equal to symbol bandwidth ) transported as one channel

28 Gbaud/s

Nyquist shaped

Traditional ROADM

28 Gbaud/s

100G PM-QPSK OIF

Traditional ROADM

50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz 50Ghz

28 Gbaud/s

Nyquist superchannel

Flex ROADM

33


Coherent Superchannel Add/Drop100 Gb (1)

100 Gb (2)

100 Gb (3)

100 Gb (4)

Coherent Reception

Nyquist Transmission

100 Gb (1)

100 Gb (2)

100 Gb (3)

100 Gb (4)

400 Gb Superchannel(100 Gb QPSK sub-carriers)

Flex Spectrum ROADM

with

Splitter Drop

Flex Spectrum ROADM

with

Coupler Add

34


Next Generation Feature Set Zero-Touch Add/Drop

Programmability AutomationImpairment aware nLight Control Plane

Dynamic Optical Restoration

Improved Mesh & ScaleIncreased wavelength capacity (96 Chs) + Flex Spectrum + Nyquist transmission

More degrees - from 8 to 16 (32)

Enhanced NG Amplifier Combined EDFA + Raman on a single card

High power, optimal combination, greater distances

Next Generation ROADM Summary

Evolution of the industry’s most widely deployed ROADM platform

Flex Spectrum

(96 chs @ 50GHz)

Omni-Directional

16 (32) DegreesColorless Contentionless

35


Flexible Modulation- Dynamic Data Rates

• Different modulations provide different capacity

• Different modulations provide different reach

• Next Gen Chip sets provide the ability to SW config Capacity vs Reach

36


Dynamic Data RatesFlex Ethernet (FlexE) concept

• Ability to leverage the full capacity of the NPU

• Ability to specify any Data Rate with no Hashing inefficiencies

• Ability to grow the Data Rate in 25/50G granularity up to max NPU capacity independent of IEEE or ITU hierarchies

• Ability to dynamically adjust data rates to match the physical layer performance

NPU

400Gig

350Gig

NPU

400Gig 400GigX

50Gig

37


Dynamic Data RatesFlexE Implementation

• Under OIF investigation

• OIF contribution number oif2014.459.00

• Submitted Dec 22, 2014

• Define multi-rate MAC + RS (Reconciliation Sublayer) Layer

• Define a Flex MII (Media Independent Interface)

• Define Shim layer enabling Channelization, Subrate and Bonding

Possible implementation taken from contribution oif2014.459.00, December 22 2014

38


OTN Switching on NCS4000

• Sub-Lambda Aggregation/Switching

• Rate Adapt to DWDM

• Optimal Router Interface may not be equivalent to optimal DWDM trunk

• Transparency

• Timing

• Protocols (i.e. OSPF vs ISIS)

• Sub-Lambda Protection

• No need when client interface = DWDM Trunk

• Use TDM grooming

• Use statistical

multiplexing

• Eliminate inter-layer ties

• Manage a single fabric

• Line cards can carry multiple

purposes

• Low barrier to deployment

Source: Infonetics

Pure OTNPacket

AggregatonOTN

OTN / Packet Optimized

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

Not yet

needed

Money

saved

λ2λ1 λ2λ1λ2

deferredλ1

39


NCS 4000 Packet Overview

NCS 4k Converged Transport Edge – Address Converged POTS Applications,

Enable Cloud Computing Infrastructure, Virtualized Service Layer, Accommodate

Legacy, Migrate SONET/SDH, MultiLayer Management

SDN Enabled

IP/MPLS

Flex LSPVirtualization

Carrier Ethernet

DWDM

Packet

SDHSONET

OTN

Convergence

Packet Optical

NCS 4009

NCS 4016

NCS 4000v

Full L0/L1

Strong Carrier

Class,

Mgmt

RoutingASR 901

ASR 903

ASR 9001

ASR 9000v

Strong L2/L3

Depth/Breadth

CLI

40


Packet Optical vs Routing

NCS

4000

Series

• IPv4 / IPv6 / MPLS

Forwarding

• Bridging

• L2VPN (VPWS/VPLS)

• OTN/DWDM

• Legacy TDM

• Transport Opex Model

• Converged Transport

Edge

• Hard Carrier Class

ASR

9000

Series

• MPLS, Bridging

• Subscriber

Management

(BNG)

• Full L3VPN

Provider Edge

• Full Internet Table

Routing

• Router Opex Model

• Service Edge

• L3 Scale

Full

Spectrum

Routing

BGP

L3VPN

BNG

Multicast

L2VPN

ISIS

OSPF

SR-TE

QoS

Y.1731

CFM

EFM

OTN

DWDM

Packet

Optical

MPLS

IPv6

41


NCS Technology Agility – Putting it together

Single Management Umbrella

SDN-Ready Control Plane

Ethernet

Private

LineVirtualized Service Layer

Service Mapping

Logical L2+ TopologyO-SNCP, OMS-SPRing

TopologyLogical Topology

Physical Topology

42


FlexLSP Integrates…

Orchestration

Infrastructure

Applications

Unified MPLS / FlexLSP Telco Cloud

NfV (Virtualisation) Segment Routing

Open APIs

nLight: IP Optical Integration

Open APIs

Programmable

Ethernet

Transport

Multidegree

CCOFS

ROADM

• Predictable, Deterministic

Transport-Centric

• Resiliency – Sub-50

msec

• Rich OAM

Fault Propagation,

Connectivity Verification

(like MPLS-TP)

• Statistical Multiplexing

• Programmable

(RSVP-TE Extensions)

• MPLS Scalability FlexLSP is evolution of MPLS-TP to accommodate Programmability of the

MPLS Transport function and full compatibility with existing MPLS

implementations

43

Multilayer Control Plane and SDN


Optical GMPLS Control PlaneWavelength Switched Optical Network

• Traditional optical control planes (e.g. ASON) assume a homogenous physical layer (regen everywhere, no L0 issues)

• WSON is defined in several IETF drafts, which add these key components to GMPLS

– Routing and Wavelength Assignment

– Distribution / collection of Channel Impairments, Path optical characteristics, other affected channels

• Impairment calculation is distributed

– Reasonable computation requirements on Network Elements

– No heavy reliance on DCN bandwidth, delay, and availability

– Centralized, but online computation certainly possible.

45


WSON IntelligenceWSON Input

Linear Impairments

Power Loss

OSNR

CD

PMD

Non Linear Impairments

SPM

XPMFWM

Topology

Wavelength

Route Choice

Interface Type

Bit rate

FEC

Modulation

Regenerator capability

Service Creation

Wavelength assignment

Optical Path calculation

and provisioningNon Linear optical

impairments verification

Linear optical

impairments verification

46


Local Optimization/Global Optimization for WSON

• Minimize the need for intensive optical Impairment calculation

• Develop new Algorithm (LOGO) to deal with complex propagation models of channel in fiber – Simple Analytical Formula

• Interactions of optical signal with fiber during transmission can be modeled as Gaussian Noise, similar to the noise introduced by optical amplification, when some conditions are verified:

• 100G coherent systems

• No Dispersion compensation of fiber link

• Sufficiently dispersive fibers (no DS fiber)

• The noise level depends on fiber characteristics, spectral density on fiber (channel grid) and per-channel power.

47


Trigger

Switch

Route Discovery and

Validation

OK FAIL

Constrained OSPF algorithm

First try original wavelength, then others

Link Failure

Signal Failure

Re-tune interface wavelength (if necessary)

Provision VOAs and WXC ports

WSON RestorationWSON Restoration

48


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example

NCS2000

Network

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

49


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example Fiber Cut!

Path San Fran to LA

affected

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

50


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example No other path for blue

wavelength - other

wavelengths tried

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

51


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example Embedded WSON intelligence

locates and verifies a new path,

with new lambda

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

52


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example

San Fran

San Jose

Same Router interfaces and

Transponders used!

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

53


• If rapid failure detection and recovery is needed it is

assumed that existing packet IP/ MPLS mechanisms

(e.g., BFD, IP-FRR, TE-FRR,LDP-FRR, mLDP-FRR,

fast convergence) will be used for protection and

recovery.

• IP+Optical Solutions can use Proactive Protection

• Protected services (Y-cable, PSM, FiberSwitch) could

be used for valuable traffic to provide rapid protection

at the optical layer.

• Restoration is Best Effort

Restoration is Slower than Protection

54


Let’s integrate WSON with IP Control PlaneControl Plane leverages Signaling to automate steps we do manually today.

•Two main models of Control Plane are available:

• Peer Model – Optical NEs and Routing NEs are one from the control plane perspective. Routing has full visibility into the optical domain and vice versa.

• Overlay Model – Having different Control Planes per layer / Application and having a signaling protocol running between them to make requests

Peer Model Overlay Model

55


GMPLS UNI

• User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model

between two networks – with limited communication between them

• Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network

• Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements

• Building block for multi-layer routing

H E L L Omy name is

I IPPH E L L O

my name is

Optical

56


Provisioning using GMPLS UNI ExampleConstrained Circuit Request

1. Operator requests a circuit between Source and Destination Router Interfaces

WSON

SanDiego DallasSan-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

1

57



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

2

2. Using GMPLS UNI, Head UNI-C signals UNI-N System requesting path to Destination

SanDiego Dallas

58



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

3. UNI-N Initiates WSON (C-SPF), and finds best path based on diversity requirements

3

SanDiego Dallas

59



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

4. Destination UNI-N node signals Tail UNI-C and requests DWDM interface to be set to

specific wavelength

4SanDiego Dallas

60



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

5. Ingress UNI-N signals Head UNI-C to set DWDM Interface to same wavelength

5SanDiego Dallas

61



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

6. Router Interfaces come up, IGP Adjacencies Formed, traffic begins flowing

6

Int Hun0/0/0/0 up/up

ISIS nei relationship

SanDiego Dallas

62


Could we extend GMPLS UNI to optimize L2/L3?To date, Layer 2/3 knows nothing about the Optical Network

LFA/TE FRR Fate-

Sharing from primary

WAN

Disjointness

for PoP

Homogenous

Latency and

Fate sharing

Bundle

Could Impact SLA: downtime, latency, loss, predictability of service

Could Impact TCO: SLA penalty, unoptimized capacity, support complexity

63


nLight Control Plane

• Sharing of Relevant information

• Common Interest points

• Maintaining network data within the network

• ML Restoration saving of up 60%

• Protect against Multiple Failures

• Reduced Operation cycles

• Feasibility performed per circuit

nLight Advantages

Client: IP layer

Server: DWDM layer

San Jose

LA

Seattle

Denver

DallasOrlando

Atlanta

Chicago

Ashburn

New York

25 Spans

2421Km17 Spans

1485Km

22 Spans

2090Km

6 Spans

682Km

30 Spans

2608Km

22 Spans

2097Km

13 Spans

1235Km

25 Spans

2159Km

9 Spans

772Km

13 Spans

1227Km

22 Spans

1852Km

5 Spans

460Km

15 Spans

1310Km

19 Spans

1780Km

Red Lines = Assumed Fiber

Black Lines = Real Fiber Sample

San Jose

LA

Seattle

Denver

DallasOrlando

Atlanta

Chicago

Ashburn

New York

Elk

(corp)

Cup

(corp)

Maiden

Miami

St Paul

Reno

Newark

Prineville

Corp PE

P

DC PE

Peering PE

Boston

nLight CP

Client

Server

Client

Server

64


SRLG

#2

Router ARouter B

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B.” (basic provisioning)

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, disjoint from circuit blue.”

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, that avoids SRLG’s #1 and #2.”

SRLG

#1

Constraint Based Routing Example

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, with ERO”

65


Hierarchical GMPLS UNI

GMPLS UNI

DWDM

GMPLS UNI/OTN

GMPLS UNI

DWDM

GMPLS UNI/OTN

UNI-C

UNI-C

UNI-CUNI-N

UNI-C

UNI-N

UNI-N UNI-N

66


How do we Simplify

• In its simplest form SDN provides for separation of control from data plane while centralizing the control plane.

• Applications will drive the network behavior in the SDN Architecture

• Cisco believes in an Hybrid Multi Layer SDN Architecture

Path to SDN

VendorandlayerSpecificEMSs

Packet'

OTN'

DWDM'

IP/MPLS'

GMPLS'

WSON'

Service' Service'

Packet'NE'

OTN'NE'

DWDM'NE'

Mul LayerController/Orchestrator

Vendor/3rdPartyApplica ons

Vendor‘A’Controller Vendor‘Z’Controller

MLController

Openinterfaces

67


28

Application Space

Orchestrator

WAN

Controller

REST API

Plug-ins

VNF

Controller

REST API

Plug-ins

Multilayer Hybrid SDN Architecture

• ML Hybrid SDN Architecture is based on:

• Centralized Control for Optimization and Global views

• Distributed Control for Fast Reaction to Network issues

• Application Space:

• Cisco and Third Party Applications. Leveraging REST APIs, interface to Orchestration layer or directly to Controller

• Orchestration Layer:

• Service Orchestration across domains or a number of controllers. Cisco solution will also allow for direct device deployment

• Controller Layer:

• Unified Multi Layer Platform. WAN Controller, vendor agnostic, acting on all layers of the -> L0 to L3

68


Transitional Path to SDN

• Two available paths:

1. Directly to a full SDN Architecture

2. A phased path

Rou ngDomain

DWDMDomain

• Independent IP/MPLS CP

• Independent Optical CP – WSON

• Wall separating layers

• No real information sharing

Present Mode of Operation

• Online Data Collection

• Multi Layer Co-ordination

• Multi Layer Feasibility / Restoration

• Online or manual Config

• nLight Control Plane Architecture

• Vendor Agnostic

Network Optimization Server• Remove the Wall

• Centralize CP - Global View

/Optimization

• Leverage Layered CP – Fast

Reaction

• Application Driven

• Vendor Agnostic

SDN

CLI/TL1/SNMP/NetConfUNI..

OF/PCEP/I2RS/TL-1/UNI

UnifiedController

OpenAPIs

PlugIn

BWCalendaring

orNOS

PrimeCarrierManagement

OpenAPIs

PacketLayer

Op calLayer

x

Op onal:PushConfignLight

CentralCompute

NetworkCollec on/“Deployment”

NetworkOp miza on

Server

nLightERO

WSON

IP/MPLS

Option push config with nLight

69


The SDN Network Architecture Concept

• The ML Hybrid SDN Architecture:

• Application Layer – Cisco or 3rd Party SW apps

• Orchestrator – Orchestrates between domain controllers

• Controller Layer – Unified ML Controller, vendor and layer agnostic

• Network Elements – Packet, OTN and DWDM elements.

• Architecture shall leverage:

• Centralized Controller for Optimizations and Activation

• Distributed Controller for fast reaction to local events

• ML Applications become key

ML Visualization and Activation

Assurance

OpenDaylight REST API

Collector Network

Programming

Basic

Service

Inventory Topology Policy

Management

Analytics / stats

Modeler Carrier Ethernet

Data Center Specific

Service

SNMP NetConf PCEP OF 1.3

OTN$Domain$

Op, cal$Domain$

Rou, ng$Domain$

Network Applications

Unified Controller

Southbound Plugins

Packet'

OTN'

DWDM'

IP/MPLS'

GMPLS'

WSON'

Service' Service'

Packet'NE'

OTN'NE'

DWDM'NE'

Network(Applica/ ons( 3rd$Party$Applica. on$ Cisco&Applica+on&

Orchestra) on,Cisco&or&Third&Party&

Orchestrator&

70


How do we Simplify

• ML network collection online

• Topology

• Circuits

• Resources

• Offline Network Analysis

• Impact Analysis

• What if Scenarios

• ML Restoration feasibility

• ML Optimization

• Coordinated Maintenance Feasibility

• Online Network Config or user config

• Vendor Agnostic leveraging Industry Proven tools and algorithms

Network Optimization Server

Packet'

OTN'

DWDM'

IP/MPLS'

GMPLS'

WSON'

Service' Service'

Packet'NE'

OTN'NE'

DWDM'NE'

NetworkCollec on/DeploymentPlug-Ins

NetworkOp miza on

Server

71


What is Multi Layer Restoration Concept?

• MLR-O: restoration from failures in the optical domain, that can leverage the same router interfaces at both ends

• MLR-P: restoration from Network Element port failures, or the link between the router and the ROADM.

• MLR-A: restoration of edge Element capacity from a failure of an aggregation element.

• MLR-C: restoration of core network topology from failure of a core element.

• MLR-D: recovery from a large scale disaster that may involves an entire PoP, multiple fiber links or multiple elements.

72


Multilayer Restoration Concept - Optical

All same router ports used!!!

DWDM Network

73


Restoration for Optical Failures example

Premium: 30G

BE: 90G

3x 100G Worst-case stable:

120G on 300G

Avg IP util: 120/300= 47%%

Premium: 30G

BE: 90G

Worst-case transient:

120G on 200G. BE loss

Avg IP util: 120/200= 60%= Worst-

case stable:

120G on 100G: possible BE loss=

60%

In a real SP network: 10-34% less interfaces

(less router ports, less transponders, less wavelengths, less power, more scale)

2x 100G

BB1 BB2

BB1 BB2

74


Multilayer Restoration Concept- Port

Use same remote port!

Same spare port can

be used for many

different connections

75


Use CasesMulti-Layer Network Optimization

Global network view | Optimization across layers

15% interface savings

Multi-Layer Service ActivationMonths to Minutes | Simple, focused applications

Constraint-based routing

Multi-Layer Restoration>40% Interface Savings | Zero Touches

Re-use stranded network assets

Coordinated MaintenanceMulti-layer service awareness | Months to Minutes

Hitless multi-layer re-route

76


Use CasesMulti-Layer Network Optimization

Global network view | Optimization across layers

15% interface savings

Multi-Layer Service ActivationMonths to Minutes | Simple, focused applications

Constraint-based routing

Multi-Layer Restoration>40% Interface Savings | Zero Touches

Re-use stranded network assets

Coordinated MaintenanceMulti-layer service awareness | Months to Minutes

Hitless multi-layer re-route0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

DTyear1 DTyear5 TEFyear1 TEFyear5

Baseline

MLBO

MLBO+MLR-O

MLBO+MLR-O+MLR-P

IEEE Communication Magazine Jan-Feb 2014

~60% interface

savings

77

Conclusion


IP+Optical EvolutionData Plane, Control Plane, Management Plane Integration

Touchless ROADM

Flexible Transport

Packet Resource

Optimized for Packet Density

Optical Resource

Optimized for DWDM Interfaces

High Density

Packet Ports

Zero Cost Optical

or Backplane

Interconnect

Unified

Management

Rate Adaptation

L1/2/3 Switching

Adaptive, Multi-Rate

DWDM Optics

Colorless-Omni-Flex

ROADM

Control Plane

Automation

Low Speed

Breakout

79


SP Transport Fabric - Summary

IP / MPLS Core

Elastic DC

Mo

za

rt

Q-W

ave

Con

trolle

r

XR

v

XR

v-R

oute

r

XR

v-R

oute

r

Access/Aggregation

Subscriber

L2-Business

Corporate

Small Cell/WiFi

Mobile

Residential

Em

ux

NTE

L3-Business

Corporate

NTE

EGS

Tie

r-3

Ed

ge

OTN (TDM, EPL)

10/100 Gig DWDM, NCS2k ROADM

MPLS L2VPN, Segment Routing

NCS 4k Converged Transport Edge – Enable Cloud Computing, SDN-Ready

CRS-X,

ASR 9k

NCS 4001

ASR 9000v

Spine/Leaf

Applications, Logical Routers, Controllers, NFV, Orchestration, and vCP in the DC

OTN

Ethernet10/ 100 Gig

10/ 100 Gig

Management, WAN Orchestration

NCS 4004

80


Summary

• Packet traffic increasing

• IP+Optical decreases expenses while streamlining services

• New Architectures enable next generation networks

• New ROADM trends to support optical agile networks enabling multilayer control planes and efficient use of BW

• Multilayer control planes add network automation and resiliency which decreases Total Cost of Ownership

• Integrating IP+Optical makes sense!

81


AcronymsADC Analog Digital Converter

C-SPF Constrained Shortest Path First

CD Chromatic Dispersion

CP-

DQPSK

Coherent Polarisation-Mux Differential Quadrature Phase

Shift Keying

DCU Dispersion Compensating Unit

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

ELEAF E-Large Effective Area Fibre

ERO Explicit Route Option

FEC Forward Error Correction

FRR Fast Re-Route

FWM Four Wave Mixing

GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching

IC Integrated Circuit

IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers

IETF Internet Engineeing Task Force

ITU International Telecommunications Union

LFA Loop Free Alternate

LMP Link Management Protocol

LSP Labeled Switch Path

NNI Network-Network Interface

NPU Network Processing Unit

NCS Network Convergence System

OCP Optical Control Plane

OEO Optical – Electrical- Optical

OIF Optical Internetworking Forum

OOK On/Off Keying

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTN Optical Transport Network

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

ROADM Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

82


Acronyms (Continued)

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLA Service Level Agreement

SMF

Single Mode Fiber

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SRLG Shared Risk Link Groups

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TDM Time Division Multiplexed

TE Traffic Engineering

UNI User-Network Interface

WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network

WXC Wavelength Cross Connect

XPM Cross Phase Modulation

YoY Year over Year

83


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Thank you

BRKSPG-2116

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