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Reader Contents Introduction and contents 3 Part 1: Excerpts from T-Kit on Funding and Financing Management 4 (published by the Partnership between Council of Europe and European Commission in Youth Field)

Part 2: EU Funding for youth NGOs 19

a. Information on the specific EU Funding for youth NGOs 19 (taken from EU SALTO Network until 2006)

b. Information on EU Funding for youth NGOs (new Program, 2007-2013) 24 c. National-based EU funding (EAR in Macedonia and similar) 37

Part 3: Information on Council of Europe Funding 38 Part 4: Additional material on Funding 51

a. Approaches to Fundraising (handout and presentation slides) b. Developing Fundraising Strategy (handout and presentation slides)

Appendix 1: Additional sources of Funding 52 Appendix 2: Glossary 60 Appendix 3: European Dimension of a Local Youth Project 64 READER - ADVANCED FUNDRAISING WORKSHOP Access to funding for your organizations in Europe 27-29 July 2006, Ohrid - Macedonia

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Introduction and contents Welcome to the Advanced Funding Training (AFT) organized by ‘SEGA’ – Coalition of Macedonian youth organizations and project ‘Balkan Youth Without Borders’, also supported by the Agency of Youth and Sport of Republic of Macedonia. We designed this workshop to offer participants with an opportunity to develop further their fundraising knowledge and skills. The participants are therefore expected to possess basic knowledge on project development and fundraising approaches. This reader, together with a draft program and the handouts you are going to receive throughout the workshop, should help you to get more information about funding opportunities for youth organizations in Europe today. Most of this workshop and therefore the contents of this Reader focus on European funding. In the following pages, you will find information about the current and future sources of funding for European youth projects offered by the European Union, both in Brussels and in the countries of Western Balkans, and funding offered by the Council of Europe. The information on other funding opportunities is limited to Appendix 1, which contains links to several private and public donors active in Europe. Part One of this Reader contains useful information and tips for fundraising approaches when applying to European Funds. The text is taken from the T-Kit on Funding and Financial Management, training manual produced by the youth sectors of the Council of Europe and European Union. Part Two contains parts of the official announcements and guidelines of the European Union on their Youth Programs. At the beginning, we present you the core principles and lines of funding for the current program 2001-06. The information on the new EU Youth program follows in more depth. Eventually, we conclude this part with some basic information for EU funds available through the EU Representation Offices and/or local implementation agencies. Part Three brings the latest information about the funding for youth organizations provided by the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe. This funding, albeit limited, very often provides funding for pilot and innovative projects with a distinctive intercultural learning component. Part Four brings more general information and overview of different funding approaches. In a way, this part of the Reader is not specifically focused on European funding but rather aims at coherent and concise presentation of different funding strategies. Furthermore, it contains information and tips on how youth organizations should develop their organizational and fundraising strategy. Facilitator and organizers’ team READER - ADVANCED FUNDRAISING TRAINING Access to funding for your organizations in Europe 27-29 July 2006, Ohrid - Macedonia

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Part 1: Excerpts from T-Kit on Funding and Financing Management

(published by the Partnership between Council of Europe and European Commission in Youth Field) “Die Phönizier haben das Geld erfunden – warum bloß so wenig?!” (The Phoenicians invented money – but why so little?!)

Johann Nepomuk Nestroy (1801-62) Austrian dramatist

The search for funding and financial management has been a challenge ever since organised youth activities began some 150 years ago. In Europe funding for youth activities has come from various sources over the years. Members of youth organisations and individuals have always been sources of financial and material support. Support from religious communities, political parties and the state flourished throughout the 20th century, though their respective roles changed dramatically as the century wore on. The latest change has been the re-definition of the state’s role since the end of the Cold War division of Europe. At the beginning of the 21st century the funding and financial management of youth activities in all parts of Europe are characterised by three major trends:

a European mix of funding sources, combined with growing diversification and increasingly influential international/transnational funding;

financial management is developing increasingly away from the mere administration and disbursement of money into a complex system of relations with funders and donors, whether public or private, individuals or groups, as well as with members, participants and young people;

access to funding is increasingly competitive, the basic model being calls for projects in line with often rapidly changing political or organisational priorities.

This is typified by a focus on project- as opposed to administrative funding and by a tendency for funders to have a mechanical vision of the effect of funding on long-term development.

The European mix of funding sources for youth activities Funding for youth activities at all levels is increasingly raised from a broad range of sources. Often a single project raises funds from individuals at local level, gets support from the municipal or national level and may also receive support through the budget of the European Union. The project itself may have been conceived as part of a regional youth policy plan, which may have been developed in cooperation with a foundation that also gave some seed money for a pilot activity. The youth workers running the project may even have attended a Council of Europe training course at the European Youth Centre which has developed their ideas. This example is not limited to the youth sector. The diversity of funding sources is an increasingly common feature of social policies in Europe. Admittedly, differences exist – for instance as regards the role of independent funders such as foundations and trusts. Independent funders have entered the scene in an unprecedented way. Only some 15 years ago they played almost no role in most of the 45 member states of the Council of Europe. Today, trusts and foundations, corporate giving programmes and individual philanthropists are funding youth activities in all parts of our continent. European Union funding has also reached all corners of Europe. All European countries are able to benefit from it in one way or another. Young people and youth associations in countries which are not members of the European Union often have access to democratisation or civil-society activities or can even participate in specialised youth and education programmes. Of course, the state and local self-government play an important role in supporting and funding youth activities. Thanks to Council of Europe capacity-building and co-operative action, government at all levels is contributing to youth activities, and certain Europe-wide trends can be observed. Finding a way through this labyrinth has become yet another skill which volunteer and professional youth workers need to have. All too often youth workers are their own fund-raisers and are given little assistance by their boards of management. Ambitious plans often come with little financial provision except “Good luck with the fund-raising!”

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Financial and relationship management Knowing the sources of funding is one step, understanding your funders yet another. Financial management has developed more and more into relationship management. By this we do not mean that you will have to deal with your bank manager but that any youth project takes place in a continuum of relationships many of which are linked to financial transactions. Only if you are able to understand the motivation of your funding partners will you be able to raise funds successfully on a long-term basis. Securing the funding for your organisation means building a relationship and permanent dialogue with your funders. Ultimately, you want to be able to influence the agenda of your funding partners with your ideas. Competition as a basic idea in allocation of funds The idea of competitive bidding for funds has taken root almost everywhere. Though, regrettably, not all competitions are fair or transparent, individual European funding institutions have taken many measures to ensure a fair and equitable process of project selection. Funding institutions’ calls for projects reflect political and organizational priorities. By prioritising their fields of intervention, funders and funding institutions try to achieve certain objectives in partnership with others. As such this process is to be welcomed and reflects legitimate concerns of funding institutions and their political decision-makers. Young people, however, do not live in project cycles. Youth workers think in terms of educational and developmental processes rather than management objectives. The move away from structural administrative support to calls for projects has a considerable effect on organisations’ work and culture. This effect is not all negative, as it allows changes of programmes and priorities. But organisations which are not clear about their own mission and strategy, purpose and goals, will find adapting to this reality difficult and dangerous, and they will not be in a position to strategically influence the terms of reference of the funding they need. Clarifying your own mission and strategy and identifying clear objectives for your actions have become key tasks for youth organisations and workers. To compete, you need a good idea of what you can offer the funder and how you can integrate a call for projects into your own plans. The challenge becomes to identify priorities that you and the funding institutions have in common. If you are to maintain your own vision, this is crucial. Otherwise your organisation risks being a mere “implementing agency” for other people’s ideas and policy. At the end of the day, this is also a question of taking part in debate in your society. It is essential for youth organisations to participate in the funding debate as actors and not just as passive beneficiaries of new funding doctrines. Active participation in the funding debate will also allow you to react to quickly changing priorities and fashions. All too often we see funding institutions seeking to achieve long-term development goals through short-term funding programmes. In such an environment it is difficult to organise long-term funding for organizational development when public sources, in particular, are scarce. Sources of Funding There are many sources of funding available to youth organisations and other non-profit organisations working with young people. In general, one can distinguish three kinds of funding source:

• own resources, revenues and fund-raising from individuals; • public funding from various levels of government, ranging from international/ European to local; • independent funders, mainly foundations.

The following sections give a short introduction to all of these sources of funding and their characteristics. You should consider all of them carefully in order to develop your individual funding strategy, whether for a specific project or your organisation as a whole. In most cases you will combine at least two of the three sources of funding. So a good grasp of the differences between them is important for your success as a fundraiser and financial manager. Section 1 – Own resources, revenues and fund-raising from individuals When thinking about the various sources of funding, you should never overlook self-help: first of all it is important to identify all the possible ways in which your organisation can raise money without approaching an external funder or donor organisation. For any organisation it is essential to consider all the possible ways of achieving financial sustainability. Experience shows that the best way is to be as independent as possible

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of external factors, such as frequent changes in funders’ policy. We would therefore like to draw your attention to various ways of unlocking finance in your more immediate environment or community. 1) Membership fees – key to ownership and participation Most youth activities are organised by youth organisations with young people as the individual members. Membership fees are important not only because of the money raised, but even more because they develop members’ ownership of and responsibility towards their organisation. People who pay membership fees are periodically reminded that they are part of an organisation, which exists for them and because of them. When members understand how their membership fees are used, it may even become easier to raise the amount or to call for special donations. Paying members also want to get something in exchange for their money: services, opportunities for volunteering and participation, social events, new friends, etc. Therefore fixing the right fee is important. If the fee is too low, being a member might be felt tobe irrelevant in terms of financial engagement. Thus the higher the fee the more motivated the members tend to be. They become involved members instead of passive ones. Hint #1 Too high a membership fee in youth organisations can discriminate against or be an obstacle for young people from a disadvantaged background. Some might not be able to pay a fee at all. However, just exempting them from paying the fee is not always a solution. Adapting the fee to the financial situation or replacing it by some contribution in kind is a better way round the problem. Never forget that paying a fee makes people feel responsible and part of an organisation’s activities. Fees may also involve members in further fund-raising activities. 2) Participation fees – get your project off the ground Members are committed to a youth organisation and its goals. They often participate in its activities but they are not necessarily the only ones who take part. Therefore you might wish to have different participation fees for members and non-members. Often organisations recruit new members through their activities by offering membership in combination with participation fees. This has the advantage of creating a source of income over and above the basic project. Hint #2 Youth activities should be open to all young people who are interested, so the same holds as for membership fees – participation fees should be non-discriminatory and adapted to young people’s financial situation. They should never become an obstacle to participation. In general, if someone wants to take part in an activity and is directly benefiting from a specific project, there is good reason to ask her/him to contribute financially. Sometimes the participation fee is symbolic or low because other sources of funding are available. In this case participation fees are the best source of the “own contribution” part of the budget that funders or donors request. Participation fees are also a good check on whether your project is relevant and attractive to your target group. Asking participants to pay some of their fee in advance secures good cash flow for your project as well: most funders will only advance the agreed money in instalments. If a project is especially relevant and attractive to those who are involved in it but it is difficult to raise funding, participants might be asked to cover all the project costs with their fees. This includes indirect costs, such as administration, staff time, etc. Here, participation fees might be quite high but it is still acceptable to set the same participation fee for all. In this way you can pool all available financial resources so that everyone is participating under equal (or at least similar) financial conditions. For some youth organisations participation fees are an essential part of their budget. In particular, organisations offering work camp and exchange activities often rely on the fees collected from the people interested in taking part. If you can charge participation fees it also tells you how relevant and attractive your projects are to your target group. Hint #3 Collecting participation fees is not always straightforward. Charging fees may be taking you into the sphere of commercial transactions as you are offering a specified service in return for payment. The transaction might be regarded in your country as producing taxable income and conflict with your organisation’s not-for

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profit status. In some countries all income labelled as fees is treated as revenue from a commercial activity, in others only fees totalling more than a certain sum fall under the heading of commercial activity. It is therefore important to check the legal conditions for charging participation fees. 3) Providing services – your hidden financial potential Services provided by your organisation might actually be a part of your “core work” which you never thought of offering to others for payment. Most youth organisations have a lot of expertise which is of interest to others. It might take the form of volunteers or staff who are experts in training or other fields your organisation is engaged in. All youth organizations know a lot about young people in their community. This knowledge or expertise could be offered to companies, other organisations or individuals in a position to pay for it. If you do not want, or are not able, to offer knowledge or expertise you can also raise funds by “creating work” for yourself and earning money from it. Your organisation’s members and volunteers are valuable human resources who can offer their labour for money, which they can then donate to the organisation. It does not take a big effort to distribute leaflets or wash cars for a couple of hours. Members and volunteers of the organisation can be mobilised for a good cause. The good cause could be earning enough money to cover the office rent or buy educational materials for poor children. The more people participate, the more money can be raised by offering services in your community. Though this sounds easy, bear in mind that this kind of fund-raising activity needs careful planning and good co-ordination. Most importantly, people need to feel that they themselves are ultimately getting something out of it. Hint #4 Whenever money enters your organisation’s bank account you need to be clear about its nature. Ask yourself: “Do I need to pay taxes on it or not?”, “How can I avoid paying taxes?” etc. It is important that you check the legal situation before you start a fund-raising activity. In most European countries organisations do not have to pay tax on donations (at least up to a certain level), so you can organise events where people earn donations to your organsation. When the organisation receives a donation it can often issue a receipt stating that the donation is tax deductible so that donors get some benefit out of it as well. Real-life experience #1 Schüler Helfen Leben – Raise 3.5 million Euros in a day “June 18, 2002 was welfare day (Sozialer Tag). Classrooms in northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Lower-Saxony and Berlin) remained empty as school pupils opted to work for a social cause instead of attending classes. 210,000 school pupils tended gardens, carried suitcases in hotels, cleaned aircraft. What they earned they donated to youth organisation Schüler Helfen Leben (School Pupils in Aid of Life). Some 3.5 million Euros was earned by the welfare day. More than 150,000 companies and private individuals supported the project and offered little jobs for a day. Afterwards northern-German school pupils could relax, but for Schüler Helfen Leben the hard work in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo is only just starting.” More information available in German at www.sozialertag.de 4) Fund-raising classics Never forget that business raises money from almost everything. If business can do it you might as well, particularly since it is for a good cause. You can raise money from anything and there is a lot of experience in this field. Some ideas for fund-raising events are:

• seasonal bazaars • auctions • tombolas • street collections • parties/discos • sports competitions • lotteries

If you are organising an event where the main priority is to raise funds there are two ways you can do it. You can cut costs to a minimum and you can raise as much income as possible. Cutting costs does not necessarily mean that you have to cut services or facilities. It means that you cut costs for your organisation. Increasing income means that you look at every aspect of your event and exploit all areas to generate extra cash. In general it is better to hold fewer, larger events than a lot of small ones because they raise more money with less effort and they mean you are not asking people to turn out again and again.

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5) Publications – a difficult tool Many organisations produce their own publications. Some try to target a wider audience than their own membership. Publications with a wide circulation can potentially generate more money through sales than they cost to produce. In addition you can sell advertising space. But many organisations communicate via the Internet and production costs are high, so you should make careful calculations before going into print. A key challenge for publications is good distribution. All of us have seen piles of brochures gathering dust in youth organisations’ back rooms because nobody worked out a proper distribution plan beforehand. But how about an advertisement on your website? 6) Mail campaigns – European diversity Mail campaigns are a very specific way of raising funds from individuals. You will never have met most of the people you ask for support. Your organisation will not know anything about them, except their addresses. Most probably they will not have heard of your organisation either, so the success of the campaign depends totally on your message and its presentation and credibility. The success of a mail campaign may be influenced by external factors such as public awareness about the issue you are addressing. This often depends entirely on how much coverage the issue gets in the media. First of all you have to make sure that you are asking for money for a cause that people are likely to support. On the whole – to take an example – people are not going to be interested in paying your office rent. Excellent graphic appearance, a clear, concise message, good examples of your previous and current activities, easy-to-understand text and pleasant style are all essential to the success of your campaign. It is also important to include precise information on how the contribution can be made. As a rule of thumb, make it as easy as possible. For example, use forms (credit card debit, bank draft, bank transfer, etc) which people can send back easily. If you opt for one of these forms make sure that donors can post them to you free of charge (this means you have to pay or arrange for postage). There are considerable cultural differences in Europe regarding direct mailings. In some countries people are used to giving in this way and have considerable trust in organisations. In other countries (most of central and eastern Europe, for example) a mail campaign has little chance of success. Another important factor is how well off the people you are targeting are. The very poor clearly lack the means, while the very affluent may prefer a more personal approach. You may also get negative reactions to unsolicited letters. Some people perceive them as intrusions into their privacy, in some countries more than in others. Mail campaigns thus need to be well planned and thoroughly discussed in your organisation as they have high costs to start with. If you are thinking of running one, even on a small scale, try to get advice from people who have run similar campaigns in your community. Their experience might provide good guidance. 7) Payroll giving – an interesting option in some countries One area of individual fund-raising which needs the support of employers is “payroll giving”. This is where staff decide that they want to support a specific project or organisation by giving direct from their pay cheques. Employees decide which organisation, and employers set up the system so that the money is deducted from monthly or weekly pay and sent direct to the organisation benefiting. In some countries the portion of salary donated is exempt from income tax. Some countries also have a requirement that the employer respond to the employee initiative by paying the administrative costs. Real-life experience #2 Catholic Youth of Kastl – year round mobilisers of local resources Catholic Youth Kastl (Katholische Jugend Kastl) is a registered youth group in Kastl, a village with a population of 1,500 in southern Germany. The group has around 70 members, of whom 30 are really active. It is a self-organised group and their activities are mainly for the membership: a youth club, excursions, parties, local volleyball competitions and participation in sports tournaments organised by youth groups in surrounding villages. All the members pay a membership fee, which only covers insurance costs. The group is very active in organising events for its members and the whole community which serve both social and fund-raising purposes:

• A disco during Carnaval: this is entirely organised by the group. Money is raised through entry fees and by selling drinks. The event generates around 2,000 Euros – the group keeps external costs (DJs, rent of equipment etc) as low as possible. • A traditional celebration on 1 May (the “Maibaum” or Maypole). The group is responsible for

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buying, installing and decorating the tree in the centre of the village. Volunteers also organise food and drink stalls. The event raises around 500 Euros. • A Johannisfeuer, another traditional celebration at the beginning of summer. Waste wood is collected from local people and used to build a huge bonfire. At nightfall the bonfire is lit. At this event the youth group again sells food and drinks and income is around 500 Euros. • A Christmas bazaar: sale of Christmas decorations made by the members of the group. • The village organises a big celebration every ten years – a great opportunity for the youth group to organise larger events. Last time they organised a rock concert, which raised almost 10,000 Euros.

Note that none of these events is merely a fund-raising event. The youth group is organising a celebration for the local community. The events are well attended because local people welcome them. At the same time the group makes the most of all the fund-raising opportunities the events create. They keep costs down by co-operating with other local organisations (such as the fire brigade), using volunteers and taking advantage of personal contacts in order to get better rates for the goods they need. The money raised at these events is used to cover the group’s costs, such as heating the room the group uses, excursions and camps (partially, as participants also pay some of the cost here) and small parties for active members. The group often donates money to charity – all the money raised by the Christmas bazaar, for instance. Section 2 – Public sources 1) Funding at local, regional and national levels By far the largest amount of funding from government comes from the local or regional level. Funds from both national governments and the European level are mostly devolved to more local level with the intention that they should be used to meet specific needs as identified by local people. In the case of the European structural funds, these needs are described and prioritised in a regional development plan. As with all funds, public funds are provided to meet specific agendas and priorities. The challenge for the fund-raiser is to identify where those priorities match those of her/his project. For those organisations with sufficient time and other resources, there is also the potential to influence these priorities so that when funding becomes available there is more likelihood of a match. This is one more facet of the concept of relationship fund-raising. Public funds cover a wide range of activity and so there are often several “pots” of money – usually held by different departments in local or regional government – which may be used to support a variety of work with young people. There is not always a standard application process for accessing this money and often it is the reputation of your organisation which enables you to “open the right doors”. Where there is a formal application process there is a clear need to understand the regional and/or local agenda. Hint #5 Ask members of the group to identify the links their organisations have with local and regional government.

• How do these links help with fund-raising? • By generating information about available funds? • By influencing local and regional government agendas which give access to funding?

Discuss how you would improve on the current situation. • How would you initiate and/or develop such links?

Investment of time and energy in fund-raising is even greater at national level than at local or regional level as there are more political, economic and social influences at work. Sometimes investment at national level bears fruit at local level or (less likely) vice versa. We have explained that local public funding is closely connected to local and regional government priorities. The same is true at national level, so an awareness of government trends and priorities is essential for tapping into any funds which might become available. Public funds are often time-limited and strictly constrained by deadlines and spending periods. Collection of data to prove that the money was spent as agreed and has contributed to a particular social or economic objective is also a common feature. Evaluation of work done with public funds is particularly important as use of public money is subject to public scrutiny. 2) European Union funding – General info

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a) Trans-national European funds The EU has a large number of funding “programmes” which are managed by the European Commission through its different directorates. You have to distinguish between activities which are “transnational” (involve more than one country) and activities that have no transnational element. The latter may still have a European dimension and qualify for European Union funding under another programme. You should first consider the piece of work you wish to do in some detail and then start looking at potential funders. Prior planning will enable you to target the correct programmes and directorates. (See the rest of the T-Kit on www.training-youth.net for more information on financial planning and management aspects.) For example, if your project has to do with young people’s personal development then the directorate to contact will be the one with responsibility for youth work (the Directorate General of Education and Culture). If your focus is on a specific region then you will need to contact the directorate which deals with this (or one of its agencies). For example the CARDS programme is managed by the European Commission external relations directorate, responsible for south-east Europe. b) The YOUTH programme (official name of the programme until end of 2006) Certainly the most relevant funding programme for informal and non-formal work with young people is the YOUTH programme. Full details are contained in a user’s guide, which can be downloaded from the European Commission website. The website is updated regularly and you should consult it before you plan to work with the YOUTH programme. (More information in Part Two of this Reader.) c) The Leonardo da Vinci programme This programme encourages vocational training activities and in particular transnational mobility initiatives concerned with lifelong learning, employability and social inclusion. Exchanges of good practice, development of training materials and projects linked toother programmes such as YOUTH and Socrates can also be funded. Applications are made through national agencies, and public or private bodies involved in vocational education and training are eligible to apply. The website of the Leondardo da Vinci programme http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/leonardo.html d) The Socrates programme This programme aims to strengthen the European dimension within education by supporting projects which improve knowledge and awareness of European Union languages, promote cooperation and mobility and encourage innovation. The programme consists of several large actions, the most important ones being:

• Comenius – school education • Erasmus – higher education • Grundtvig – adult education and other educational pathways • Lingua – language teaching and learning • Minerva – information and communication technologies in education

All members (students, teachers etc) of the education community are eligible to apply. Mostly applications will need to go through their institution. There is a network of national contacts at the European level. The website of the Socrates programme: http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/socrates.html Note: The current youth and education programmes run until the end of 2006. e) The European Union structural funds The structural funds involve much bigger sums of money but often cover work over a long period of time. They are focused on economic and social development of regions and this can include training and personal development for young people. The term “employability” is sometimes used to describe the kind of outcomes required for this kind of funding. There are several funds that come under the heading of structural funds but the most useful in the field of work with young people are the European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). These funds deal with work carried out by colleges, NGOs, private businesses and government agencies in geographical areas defined as Objective 1, 2 or 3. The lower the number, the higher the economic need of the region or sub-region. Objective 1 and Objective 2 status is applied to specific geographical areas whereas Objective 3 covers almost all other parts of the EU. A range of agencies in each geographical area develop a regional development plan which is approved by the European Commission and then used to prioritise grants for individual projects. Partnerships between

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agencies within a region are encouraged and in some regions the voluntary and youth sector is a significant beneficiary of the funds. Matching funds are usually required to make up the full cost of projects but in-kind support can also be used. Details of the structural funds can be found at http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/index_en.htm and at http://europa.eu.int/esf . Note: These funds are sill not open for the countries of the Western Balkans. Nevertheless, it is important to check the plans of your national EU Agency or Representation Office. Very often, EU has money that has been allocated but not spent. It is worth checking. f) European Union funding for pre-accession countries and third countries European Union external aid is given by means of either (a) contracts to provide services, supplies or works to beneficiary countries or (b) grants (generally for projects submitted by non-profit-making organisations). This aid is usually provided under one of the European Union external aid programmes and instruments (Phare, Ispa and Sapard for the candidate countries, Tacis for the new independent states and Mongolia, Cards for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia-Montenegro, ALA for Asian and Latin American countries, MEDA for the Mediterranean partners and the EDF for the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries) or under specific budget headings, such as for South Africa. The following table outlines the various instruments and programmes available. Many of them can be used for youth and youth-related activities though they extend well beyond that sector in their scope.

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3) Council of Europe funding for youth activities The work of the Council of Europe covers all major social and political issues affecting European society (with the exception of defence) – human rights, media, legal co-operation, social and economic questions, health, education, culture, heritage, sport, environment, local and regional authorities and youth. Note: You will find more information on this funding in Part Two of this reader. SECTION 3 – Independent funders Among the first questions people often ask about independent funders are “Who are they?” and “What do they do?” What are the different types of independent funder in Europe? Types of independent funder:

• Foundations • Corporate funders • Individual philanthropists

Each type has its own characteristics and the way to approach them varies. Unfortunately, most people do not realise the range and diversity of independent funders in Europe. Some people, indeed, have serious misconceptions – for instance, about what foundations and corporate funders are and how they operate. There are many differences between independent funders, including the distinction between organised funders and “non-organised” ones. Foundations and corporate funders are mostly professionally staffed, while individual philanthropists rely not on staff but on volunteers. In addition, it is important to keep in mind that some foundations only employ a small staff in order to concentrate their resources on their funding activities. Grant-seekers should note that every day each independent funder receives many applications and may not have the time to look properly at each one. To help funders and their staff it is important that grant-seekers carefully prepare their applications. The T-Kit tries to answer the above questions and to clarify the varied landscape of independent funders in Europe. It deals with this in three sections: 1. Foundations – This provides a snapshot of independent foundations in Europe today and shows their role in modern philanthropy. It also details the different types of foundations in Europe. 2. Corporate citizenship programmes – examines corporate funders (another component of the independent funding community), the long tradition of corporate citizenship and its current trends across Europe. 3. Individual philanthropists – provides several tips on how to approach wealthy individuals. See Appendix 1 of this reader for a directory of various foundations and corporate funders which offer a starting point in any fund-raising effort. 1) Foundations The foundation landscape in Europe is extremely varied, in part due to the many languages and cultures in Europe and the different legal/fiscal environments from one country to the next. Foundations are an important part of the independent funding community. They represent a valuable source of income for non-profit organisations. But what is a foundation? How have these organisations developed into important forces for social change and valuable alternatives to traditional government support? Do a British trust, a French fondation, a German Stiftung and a Polish fundacja have anything in common? How comparable are they? Along with the various terms for ‘foundation’ that exist across Europe, there are a number of different foundation types. There are endowed foundations, community foundations, operating foundations and corporate foundations. Some foundations in Europe are beneficiaries of lotteries or gambling. Others may be considered to be collector/distributor foundations, collecting funds from various sources, including the general public, to underpin their operational or grant-making programmes. Some foundations in Europe are hybrids, combining several of these elements: for example the King Baudouin Foundation (Belgium) is an operating foundation with an endowment, receives lottery proceeds, raises funds from the general public on a

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continuing basis, and has a grants programme. Types of foundation in Europe In addition to its conceptual definition of a foundation, the European Foundation Centre in Brussels produced a Typology of Foundations in Europe (published by the EFC in 1997). The typology is an attempt to provide a clearer picture of Europe’s diverse foundation community. It identifies four groups of foundations. Each group has a number of sub-categories. Four types of foundation in Europe:

• Independent foundations • Corporate foundations • Governmentally-supported foundations • Fund-raising foundations

You may also classify foundations in Europe according to criteria such as the source of their finance, the composition of the governing board (who is in control of decision- making?) or the approach to the distribution of financial resources. Where does the money come from? Foundations’ main sources of finance:

• interest on endowment • donations and bequests (sums of money made available on the donor's death) • lottery • commercial activities (publications, etc) • dividends on shares • annual contributions from a company/companies • fund-raising campaigns

Independent foundations Independent foundations comprise the vast majority of foundations in Europe. There are however a number of sub-groups which more accurately reflect the many different types of independent foundations. The commonest types of independent foundation are the family-controlled and trustee-controlled foundations. The original endowment establishing the foundation usually comes from an individual or family donation, and the foundation makes grants and operates programmes with the proceeds from this. Independent foundations also include prize-giving foundations, such as the Nobel Foundation, and those that receive funding from lottery proceeds. In both cases a board of trustees directs grant-making activities. Within the definition of an independent foundation, the EFC includes limited-duration foundations and funds as recognised in Europe. Example of an independent foundation: the Bernard van Leer Foundation (The Netherlands): The Bernard van Leer Foundation was established in 1949. The foundation's income is derived from the bequest of Bernard van Leer, a Dutch industrialist and philanthropist, who lived from 1883 to 1958. He was the founder of Royal Packaging Industries Van Leer, which is now part of Huhtamaki Van Leer, a packaging company operating in 55 countries worldwide. Corporate foundations There are two types of corporate foundation. A foundation with corporate interests is one in which the foundation’s investment portfolio includes more than 50% of the voting shares in a company. This investment in turn constitutes more than 50% of the capital with which the foundation performs its work. Corporate foundations are separately constituted foundations established by a company, which depend primarily on annual support from that company for their programmes. It must be noted here that many corporations also make significant donations of goods, services and money through corporate citizenship or corporate community investment programmes. Although not in the foundation typology, these activities are a vital part of the independent funding available to non-profit organisations such as youth organisations. As such, we look at corporate community investment in a separate section. Example of a corporate foundation: Fundació La Caixa (Spain): Fundació La Caixa came into being as a result of the merger of Fundación Caixa de Pensions and Fundació Caixa de Barcelona. It is a non-profit organisation dedicated to serving society. The foundation is funded by the Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona which, as a savings bank under Spanish law, may devote

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approximately 50% of its profits to socio-cultural activities. Governmentally-supported foundations Two types of governmentally-supported foundation are currently to be found in the EFC typology. Governmental foundations include national, intergovernmental and supranational governed foundations. The common feature of these is that the government body that established the foundation controls the key trustee appointments, although some trustees may come from outside government. Funding generally comes direct from the government although other sources of income may be sought. Political foundations, the second type, are not common in Europe. These foundations primarily exist in Germany. Usually they are affiliated to a political party and their programmes reflect that party’s interests and philosophy. Example of a governmentally-supported foundation: the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (United Kingdom): The Westminster Foundation for Democracy was established by Royal Prerogative. The three main political parties in Britain are each represented on the Board of Governors, and appointed by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs after consulting the parties. There is also a representative of the smaller political parties, as well as non-party figures drawn from business, trade unions, the academic world and the non-governmental sector. Fund-raising foundations Although many foundations seek matching support for particular programmes or their grant-making activities, this term refers primarily to foundations which are in a process of transition, attempting to build up their asset base and in the meantime requiring a continual flow of finance. It is this longer-term objective which distinguishes them from non-profit organisations, institutes and other non-governmental organisations, which may likewise raise funds to support their own programmes. Fund-raising foundations seek to develop into established grant-making institutions, and as such are primarily found in central and eastern Europe. Example of a fund-raising foundation: Fundacja Pomocy Wzajemnej 'Barka' (Poland): Fundacja Pomocy Wzajemnej 'Barka’ was set up to help marginalised groups such as former psychiatric patients, the homeless, former prisoners, and vulnerable children or women. The first Barka community was established at Wladyslawowo. The following year, the group merged with the Foundation in Aid of Persons in Deep Crisis and went on to create two further communities. Since then, some 1,500 people each month have been helped by the foundation's community, and have used educational and temporary services such as food supply, banking, meal services, shower facilities, medical and dental care and after-/ pre-school programmes for children. Activities led to setting up the Regional Centre for Non-Profit Non-Governmental Organisations in Poznan, a group that encourages activities and represents the interests of the third sector. Foundations in Europe today – common characteristics Among the questions many people ask about foundations is “Why create a foundation?” There are many possible reasons for doing so, depending on the type of foundation and, to a large extent, the initial founder. Factors include:

• absence of natural heirs • a desire to create a living memorial to the founder • fulfilling a charitable purpose over a long period • creating or maintaining a stable organisational framework for an existent organisation (e.g. the World Scout Foundation) • tax advantages • creating an instrument for corporate communication (companies).

“A foundation lives in perpetuity” - any foundation aims to survive the death of its founder. In deciding its mission and priorities, a foundation looks to the long term. This influences the choice of projects. Foundations will always consider the future of the organisation they are funding and the follow-up to projects. They will give funding priority to projects which will be self-sustaining after the grant ends. “A foundation belongs to itself ” - having their own sources of income, foundations have a highly developed sense of independence vis-à-vis governments and public institutions. They choose their own priorities and the types of project they wish to fund. Thus they often play a valuable role in breaking new and controversial ground. They play an important part in the distribution of wealth, taking action in areas where public

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authorities do not or cannot intervene. Foundations are keen to help tackle the root causes of problems, rather than just palliatively reacting to adverse effects after the event. They may support relief action by non-profit organisations and public authorities in humanitarian, environmental, social or other emergencies. However, the bulk of their action is concerned with tackling the underlying causes and trying to anticipate change, in particular by supporting research, building up expertise and testing new approaches, thus acting as catalysts of innovation. Among the many different factors which influence the foundation community, it is relevant to note the following trends: Major areas of interest Grants for postgraduate studies, support to school reform, research on cystic fibrosis, prizes for television programmes, cross-border parliamentary exchanges, employment and business creation programmes, research on risk prevention and improving management of health services are only a few examples of foundations' activity in Europe. Their action ranges from protection of the environment to early-childhood development, violence prevention to health-care services, work with senior citizens to promotion of participatory democracy and community dialogue across Europe and beyond. However, foundations’ emphasis in most countries is on education and research, followed by welfare services. But there are exceptions. In France, for example, priority also goes to health, in Ireland to housing and development and in Spain to culture and the arts. Community foundations A recent trend has been the development of community foundations (which may be treated as fund-raising foundations). They are formal mechanisms enabling people in a community to collect funds in order to improve its quality of life. They are vehicles to nurture, sustain and enhance informal community philanthropy. Community foundations can be valuable tools for helping local communities address new and growing social, economic and environmental needs by mobilising and leveraging new resources, making grants to local projects and building collaborative relationships with other non-profit organisations, businesses and government agencies. These are currently flourishing in the United Kingdom and developing in other countries such as Germany and the central and eastern European countries. International cooperation Since the early 1990’s, there has been real development of international cooperation between foundations. Many organisations and networks have been set up, demonstrating funders’ readiness to share expertise and good practice. An example of this is the Brussels based European Foundation Centre, which is a knowledge-based membership association of foundations and corporate funders, dedicated to strengthening organised philanthropy in Europe and internationally. Founded in 1989 by seven of Europe’s leading foundations, the EFC today serves a core membership of over 200 members, associates and subscribers. 4) Corporate citizenship programmes A corporate citizenship programme (also called a corporate giving programme or corporate social responsibility) is a grant-making programme administered within a profit-making company. Corporate giving programmes usually do not have separate endowment and their annual grant totals are generally directly related to current profits. In addition, some companies make charitable contributions through both corporate giving and a company-sponsored foundation. Corporate funders are fast becoming a more noticeable and accessible source of support for citizens’ associations, particularly for those non-profit organisations prepared to use lateral thinking in identifying their funding needs. Corporate funders offer more varied forms of support than are traditionally provided by foundations. Organisations which can define their needs in terms other than mere financial support can tap into a rich vein of valuable aid. This aid naturally largely comprises direct financial support but, no less importantly, can include:

• sponsorship • training • gifts of equipment or supplies • employee volunteering • matching of employee donations • secondment of staff

Why do companies give?

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• To create goodwill: to be seen as good citizens in the community • To enjoy tax advantages • To be associated with certain causes • Because the Chairman is interested in a cause

Historical perspective Although corporate citizenship has grown significantly in recent years, companies have been helping the communities in which they operate for far longer. In Ireland, Guinness (now part of Diageo plc) can trace its charitable record back to the 18th century, when it assisted the community around its brewery. In Germany, the Daimler-Benz Corporation (now Daimler-Chrysler) has a history of support for education and the arts in its local communities from the time of the Daimler/Benz merger in 1926. The company took the further step of endowing an autonomous foundation, the Gottlieb Daimlerund Karl Benz-Stiftung, in 1986, and many of the world’s largest corporations have done likewise in order to add an independent dimension to their work in this area. In Italy cultural and artistic patronage started with aristocrats of the Italian Renaissance like the Medici, forerunners in that sphere of present-day companies such as Olivetti and Fiat. These and many other Italian multinationals now provide outstanding support to artistic endeavours throughout the world. Today, and with considerable variety of activity in each country, corporate citizenship is growing vigorously and gaining a higher profile. Across Europe intermediary organisations with corporate members are encouraging and improving corporate philanthropic action. The leaders in these are firms keen to create a climate of greater, more organised corporate citizenship. Current trends There are a number of reasons for firms’ growing interest in playing a more influential part in the communities in which they operate and from which they make their profits. As a result of growing consumer awareness and pressure, businesses now need to be seen to be honest, environmentally aware and concerned for their communities. Greater competition and the need to hold on to a customer base means that those businesses that are seen to be philanthropic attract more positive reaction from consumers. Although many businesses have long practised this approach, it has often been unsystematic and not widely publicised. Companies are now also beginning to recognise the value of in-kind support, and to include it in evaluation of their corporate citizenship – rightly, as the corporate world can often more easily provide support in the form of goods or property than direct financial aid. Corporations usually have a different approach to grant-making from foundations. Each donation – whether direct financial aid or some other form of support – has a value which can be measured by the company. These donations are not something the company is obliged to do, but something it chooses to do as a part of its wider public relations. When considering approaching a corporation for support, it is important for an association to look at what it is offering in return. High-profile projects in which the name of the corporation can be prominently displayed – and which they can use in their own publicity – are often the ones that corporations support. An opportunity to both ‘do good’ and to promote the corporation’s image is the sort of project that is attractive. Despite a history of supporting the arts, cultural projects and sport, corporations nowadays give support in a wide range of areas. The environment has become popular, reflecting growing consumer concern about and interest in the question. The business community itself is also increasingly recognising its own social responsibility. Through their own programmes, and working together to improve their social action, corporations are taking concrete steps to meet that responsibility. Example of a corporate citizenship programme: Johnson & Johnson is the world's most comprehensive and broadly-based manufacturer of health care products, as well as a provider of related services for the consumer, pharmaceutical and professional markets. The Johnson & Johnson family of companies, consisting of more than 190 operating companies in 51 countries, has its worldwide headquarters in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, where the company was founded over a century ago. The company currently employs 97,800 people. Johnson & Johnson focuses its efforts on children's health, access to health care, and health education. In addition it supports local initiatives that help the communities in which it is located and operates, thus 'contributing to a healthy future'. Image-building

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Corporate funders deserve a special note here. Most corporations are well aware of the image-enhancement/community-improvement function of their corporate citizenship activities. As a result they may make very significant contributions – with some of the largest European grant-makers coming from the corporate world – but within strictly defined geographical areas. These typically include the communities in which they have plants or factories or where they have major markets for their products. Approaching corporate funders Corporate funders do sometimes require a slightly different approach. Some companies view their community-investment programmes as truly philanthropic in nature; others view them in terms of responsibility to the community. Corporations may set up a separate office to run their giving programmes, or they may run them from community affairs, public relations or even marketing offices. Similarly, some corporations establish a corporate foundation to run their community investments while others engage in direct giving. Accordingly, and before applying to corporations for support, your organisation should research them thoroughly to ensure they are appropriate to your needs. The overall approach to foundations should provide the basis for your attitude to corporate donors but the following points should also be borne in mind:

• programmes are generally aimed at improving relations between corporations and communities; • how is your project going to enhance the company’s image?; • companies primarily have to answer to shareholders; • companies rarely support religious appeals.

5) Individual philanthropists Just like foundations and corporate funders, many private individuals give to their communities simply because they consider it to be the right thing to do. Deciding how to give is the hard part. Philanthropists are wealthy individuals with general philanthropic concerns or interested in particular causes. The major difference between the philanthropic individual and other independent funders is that they do not operate within an organisation or company. Not having a particular mission or goal, they are very flexible in their giving policy. Despite a strong charitable impulse, most wealthy individuals enter the philanthropic sphere with little experience. Many still practise chequebook philanthropy. Whatever the giving philosophy, giving wisely and effectively increases the impact of the gift and is not just a matter of contributing to good causes. Why do people give? Most individual philanthropist are inspired to give by a variety of factors. This could range from religious conviction to a sense of civic duty. There are many motives for setting aside money and other resources for charitable purposes, such as:

• the satisfaction of helping people; • the desire to leave a lasting imprint on society whilst making a significant difference; • the desire to promote a set of views or a philosophy; • setting up a memorial to a friend or loved one; • giving back to a supportive community; • tax benefits.

The critical challenge and opportunity is to engage with the individual philanthropist in helping them make philanthropy an integral part of their lives. There are a number of mechanisms available through which a wealthy individual can give to charitable causes. One of these is to give direct financial support, usually in the form of a grant, to a charitable organisation which will welcome the gift and use it for its current activities. Another approach is to set up a foundation. These two different approaches serve different purposes. When setting up a foundation, for example, the founder will tend to be thinking long term: the object is a foundation that will become an independent entity and outlive the founder, continuing the work they began. Individual philanthropists often turn to experienced foundations to learn about community needs and best practices, as well as the pitfalls to avoid. Many foundations receive requests from new donors who have just launched or are about to launch their own foundation. Yet few foundations are adequately equipped to respond. Clearly many individual philanthropists are unsure how to best accomplish their charitable goals. They question if their gifts really matter or if the groups they support are making good use of the grants. Others express concern that gift-giving is not particularly satisfying. Firstly, many individual philanthropists

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ignore the different steps involved in building a grant-making programme. How soon can money be distributed? It is possible to start immediately, though for the sake of efficiency an incremental process is advised. The process goes from establishing a grant-making policy, learning from other models, developing a plan in writing and getting the message across to dealing with applications, making decisions, reviewing the grant-making policy and continuing to build partnerships. Secondly, it is important to realise that many individual philanthropists are value-driven and entrepreneurial, largely as a result of their experience in business, and verymuch hands-on. For them, giving is both an act of commitment and a serious long-term investment, complete with future exit strategies. Increasingly, there is also an offshore or global dimension to their giving. In addition, these individual philanthropists often see themselves as grant-makers rather than old-fashioned philanthropists. The main difficulty with individual philanthropists is to identify them as there are no directories providing you with lists of their interests. Unlike foundations, they do not publish annual reports, lists of grants made or application guidelines. One solution to this is to obtain annual reports and project reports of organisations active in fields similar to yours. If they thanked their funders – and they should have! – you can start doing some additional research, having ascertained the shared interest. Most individual philanthropists will also support projects which are to be carried out in the community they live in or come from. It is useful to think locally in order to identify them. Local, regional or national newspapers may help you here. In addition there are magazines that target the rich. The biggest difficulty after identifying potential donors is to find out how to get in contact – addresses tend not to be given. There are no rules in approaching individual philanthropists since they are not as organised as foundations. However, most of the suggestions for approaching foundations and corporate funders also apply to individuals. You are advised not to beg, and you need to be enthusiastic. You are not asking for money, you are selling a project, an idea. In any case you will have to establish personal contact and be persuasive and persistent. Individual philanthropists support people as well as good ideas. If they feel that you have the people to make a project happen then they are likelier to support your organisation through a particular project. This might then be the beginning of a longer-term relationship with the funder for your organisation. You can find the entire Training Kit Nr. 9 on Fundraising and Financial Management at http://www.training-youth.net.

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Part 2: EU Funding for youth NGOs a. Information on the specific EU Funding for youth NGOs until 2006 (taken

from EU SALTO Network)

EU YOUTH PROGRAMME (until the end of 2006) The European Commission, the European Parliament and the Member States of the European Union agreed jointly to establish the YOUTH Community Action Programme, which sets up the legal framework in support of non-formal educational activities for young people. This Guide uses the term YOUTH throughout to refer to the specific activities facilitated by the legally binding Decision No 1031/2000/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 April 2000. The Programme will run from 2000 to the end of 2006. Implementation of the YOUTH programme is decentralised, the aim being to take action as closely as possible to the beneficiaries and to adapt to the diversity of national systems and situations in the field of youth. Each of the 31 countries participating fully in all YOUTH Actions has appointed a National Agency. These National Agencies manage the bulk of YOUTH funds, and provide information and advice. They also act as the link between the European Commission, project promoters at national, regional and local level, and the young people themselves. The User’s Guide is available in several different languages and is meant to be used as a reference document. It aims to assist all those interested in developing projects for young people across a range of countries and to help them understand both the objectives of the Programme and the types of project that can (or cannot) be supported in accordance with the rules. It also sets out to give a detailed picture of what information is needed in order to apply, what expenditure is eligible to claim, and what level of grant can be offered for each project type. The User’s Guide offers a detailed explanation of the criteria for the types of project which can be considered, a definition of eligibility, both for countries and participants, as well as indicators concerning what cannot be considered. The main activities supported are divided into five Actions:

• Action 1 supports short-term group exchanges of young people aged 15 to 25; • Action 2 supports voluntary service for individuals aged 18 to 25; • Action 3 assists initiatives which are led by young people themselves; • Action 4 offers the opportunity to develop projects linked to other Community Programmes; • Action 5 provides support to develop new YOUTH projects and to enhance capacity

building and innovation in the field of international youth work.

Who can participate in the YOUTH programme? The YOUTH programme primarily addresses young people aged between 15 and 25 who are legally resident in one of the Member States of the European Union or other Programme countries (see section B.2). This Guide aims to inform young people and other actors in the field of youth and nonformal education about the opportunities of the YOUTH programme and to help them gain access to its challenges. The following groups can participate in the Programme:

• groups of young people who want to organise a youth exchange or launch an initiative in their local community

• young people who would like to get involved in European Voluntary Service • ex-volunteers who are looking to build upon their experience • youth organisations • youth leaders

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• youth workers • project managers or organisers in the field of youth and non-formal education • other non-profit-making organisations, associations or structures.

Groups of young people, non-profit-making non-governmental organisations or associations, public authorities and others experienced in the field of youth and non-formal education can participate in, and apply for financial support from, the YOUTH programme. European non-governmental youth organisations (ENGYOs), which are based in one of the Programme countries and have member branches in at least eight Programme countries can also participate. They may apply directly to the European Commission or through their national branches to its National Agency. In order to participate in most types of project co-financed by the YOUTH programme, a partnership must be established with one or more partner(s), depending on the rules prevailing for each Action and varying according to which country the partner(s) come(s) from. The YOUTH programme is mainly aimed at partners from Programme countries (EU Member States, EFTA/EEA countries and pre-accession countries). To a limited extent and under certain conditions, it is also open to partner organisations from countries in other parts of the world, i.e. "Partner Countries". What are the objectives and priorities of the YOUTH programme? The Programme offers young people opportunities for mobility and active participation in the construction of the Europe of the third millennium. It aims to contribute to the achievement of a “Europe of knowledge” and create a European arena for cooperation in the development of youth policy, based on non-formal education. It encourages the concept of lifelong learning and the development of skills and competencies, which promote active citizenship. The Programme strives to achieve and maintain a balance between personal development and collective activity across all sectors of society while pursuing the following objectives:

• Facilitating the integration of young people into society at large and encouraging their spirit of initiative.

• Helping young people acquire knowledge, skills and competencies, and recognising the value of such experience.

• Allowing young people to give free expression to their sense of solidarity in Europe and the wider world, as well as supporting the fight against racism and xenophobia

• Promoting a better understanding of the diversity of our common European culture and shared heritage as well as of our common basic values.

• Helping to eliminate all forms of discrimination and promoting equality at all levels of society. • Introducing a European element into projects which will have a positive impact on youth work at

local level. A key priority for the European Commission is to give young people with fewer opportunities (from a less-privileged cultural, geographical or socio-economic background, or with disabilities) access to the mobility and non-formal education activities developed within the YOUTH programme. In close cooperation with the National Agencies for the YOUTH programme, the European Commission has established a strategy for the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities into YOUTH. Within the framework of the aforementioned general objectives and priorities, the European Commission and National Agencies draw up specific priorities each year. In 2005, priority will be given to applications, all Actions of the YOUTH programme included, dealing with:

• cultural diversity (e.g. by facilitating dialogue and joint activities of young people from multicultural, multiethnic and multifaith backgrounds) and the fight against racism and xenophobia;

• the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities. Moreover, individual Programme countries may identify national priorities, which fully respect the above-mentioned priorities, e.g. geographical balance within the country and area of activity. Further information on these annual and national priorities may be found on the Commission’s and other websites (see Annex). How is the YOUTH programme structured?

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The overall structure of the YOUTH programme promotes crossovers between, and integration of, different Actions. This integrated approach facilitates a greater synergy between Actions so that best practices developed in one Action may be transferred to others. These five main Actions are: Action 1 - Youth for Europe Youth Exchanges and Youth Encounters offer an opportunity for groups of young people (aged 15-25) from different countries to meet. They have a pedagogical value and a non formal learning aim, in that the groups explore common themes and learn about each other’s cultures. Action 2 - European Voluntary Service (EVS) Under this Action, young people aged between 18 and 25 are able to spend up to 12 months abroad as European volunteers helping in local projects in a wide range of fields: social, ecological and environmental, arts and culture, new technologies, leisure and sports, etc. Action 3 - Youth Initiatives Through this Action, young people aged between 15/18 and 25 can obtain support to carry out a project at local level. The intention is to give them a chance to develop as well as express their creativity and spirit of initiative. It also aims at providing former EVS volunteers with a concrete opportunity to build upon the expertise and skills acquired during their voluntary service. Action 4 - Joint Actions This Action brings together the SOCRATES (education), LEONARDO DA VINCI (vocational training) and YOUTH (non-formal education) programmes. It provides support for initiatives that build on the complementary nature of these three programmes and others, such as Culture 2000. Action 5 - Support Measures Action 5 contributes to foster capacity building and innovation in the field of international youth work and provides a platform to create and strengthen partnerships between youth organisations and to exchange good practice. It also, more specifically, assists in the planning, preparation and use of projects carried out within the framework of the YOUTH Actions 1, 2, 3 and 5 by supporting training, cooperation and information activities. Call for innovative (former “large scale”) projects In addition to the Action 5 activities/project formats described in this User’s Guide, the European Commission launches annual Calls for innovative co-operation, training and information projects, targeted at specific YOUTH priorities. The annual Call is published in the Official Journal of the European Communities and at the following website http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/call/index_en.html, which also provides information on previous similar and other Calls. Who implements the YOUTH programme? The European Commission The European Commission, which initiated the Programme, is ultimately responsible for its smooth running. It manages the budget and sets priorities, targets and criteria for the Programme on an ongoing basis. The European Commission also bears overall responsibility for the coordination of the YOUTH programme National Agencies, which are offices that have been designated and set up by the national authorities in charge of youth affairs in each Programme country. The European Commission cooperates closely with the National Agencies and oversees their activities, as well as guiding and monitoring the general implementation, image, follow-up and evaluation of the Programme at European level. The national authorities The EU Member States, as well as the other Programme countries, are involved in the management of YOUTH, in particular through the Programme Committee, to which they appoint representatives. They are also responsible for designating and monitoring the National Agencies (the latter task is shared with the European Commission). The YOUTH programme National Agencies

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Their primary role is to promote and implement the Programme at national level. They have experience with European programmes for young people and are familiar with the relevant issues and organisations. Each National Agency acts as a link between the European Commission, project promoters at national, regional and local level, and the young people themselves, and is a key contact point. The Agencies are responsible for disseminating general information about the YOUTH programme as well as encouraging and facilitating the establishing of partnerships. They are also responsible for the selection of projects according to the criteria set by the European Commission. They advise project promoters and organise different kinds of training activities. The National Agencies are the primary sources of information for the users of the Programme. Other structures Apart from the bodies mentioned above, three additional types of structures provide complementary expertise to the implementation of the YOUTH programme:

• The SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres, which play an active role in the field of youth training and cooperation;

• The Eurodesk network, which are also relevant information relays in the youth field. • The Council of Europe: the training-kits developed in the framework of the Partnership between

the European Commission and the Council of Europe can serve as useful tools for planning and implementing projects (Actions 1, 2 and 5) For further details on the aforementioned structures, please refer to the Glossary (page 5).

Which are the Programme countries? Countries, which can participate in all five Actions of the YOUTH programme, are called “Programme countries”. Member States of the European Union (EU)4

Austria Belgium Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany

Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands

Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom

Countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which are members of the European Economic Area (EEA) Iceland Liechtenstein Norway

Countries which are candidates for accession to the European Union (Pre-accession countries) Bulgaria Romania Turkey Which other countries can participate in the YOUTH programme? The countries in other parts of the world (“Partner Countries”), which can participate in Actions 1, 2 and 5 of the YOUTH programme, are divided into the following priority regions:

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What are the general rules for activities with Partner Countries? • Only Action 1 (Youth Exchanges), Action 2 (European Voluntary Service) and Action 5 (Support

Measures) are open to international cooperation • Each international cooperation project has to involve one or more EU Member States depending on the

Action • Projects should involve Partner Countries from the same region • Pre-accession and EFTA/EEA countries involved in a project should not outnumber EU Member States • Activities can take place in any of the countries which are involved in the respective project What are the special conditions for pre-accession countries’ activities with Partner Countries? Pre-accession countries may only participate in international cooperation activities with the neighbouring priority regions: • Pre-accession countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey) may only participate in international

multilateral projects with Partner Countries in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus and South East Europe, but not with Latin America and Mediterranean Partner Countries.

• Turkey, as well as being a pre-accession country, is also a Mediterranean Partner Country. Consequently, it participates as a Partner Country in projects with other Mediterranean Partner Countries and EU Member States.

For further detailed information and the application process, see the EU Guide. http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/call/index_en.html.

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b. Information on EU Funding ‘Youth in Action’ (new Program, 2007-2013) Excerpts from the Draft Programme Guide (version valid as of 1st of January 2007)

http://ec.europa.eu/youth

Introduction The European Commission, the European Parliament and the Member States of the European Union have agreed to establish the Youth in Action Programme, which materialises the legal framework in support of non-formal educational activities for young people. It will run from 2007 to 2013. (Legal decision…...) The Youth in Action Programme, aims to respond at European level to the needs of young people from adolescence to adulthood. This programme has been presented by the Commission after a large consultation of the different stakeholders in the youth field. Ensuring the continuity of the YOUTH programme 2000-2006, this programme is in line with the recent developments of the European Framework of Cooperation in the youth field, and will support this political process. The overall budget of the Youth in Action Programme (2007-2013) will be 885.000.000 €.

Objectives of the Youth in Action Programme The general objectives stated in the legal basis of the Youth in Action Programme are the following:

• Promote young people’s active citizenship in general and their European citizenship in

particular; • Develop solidarity and promote tolerance among young people, in particular in order to

foster social cohesion in the European Union; • Foster mutual understanding between young people in different countries; • To contribute to developing the quality of support systems for youth activities and the

capabilities of civil society organisations in the youth field; • Promote European cooperation in the youth field.

These general objectives shall be implemented at project level taking into consideration the following priorities.

Priorities of the Youth in Action Programme

1) Participation of young people A main priority of the Youth in Action Programme is the participation of young people in democratic life. The overall objective for participation is to encourage young people to be active citizens. This objective has the three following dimensions, laid down in the Commission’s communication on the common objectives for the participation and information of young people1:

• To encourage the effective participation of young people in democracy, • To encourage their participation in social life and

1 COM (2003)184 final of 11 April 2003

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• To offer young people an opportunity to learn to participate Projects funded under the Youth in Action Programme should reflect the participation objective by using participation as a pedagogical principle for the project implementation.

2) Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity and the fight against racism and xenophobia are permanent priorities of the Youth in Action Programme. By facilitating joint activities of young people from different cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds, the programme aims to develop the intercultural learning of young people.

As far as the development and implementation of projects is concerned, this means that young people participating in a project should become aware of its intercultural dimension. Intercultural working methods should be used to enable project participants to participate on an equal basis regardless of their educational level and language skills.

3) European citizenship Making young people aware of the fact that they are European citizens is a new priority of the Youth in Action Programme. The objective is to encourage young people to reflect upon European topics including European citizenship and to involve them in the discussion on the construction and the future of the European Union.

On this basis, projects should have a strong European dimension and stimulate the reflection on the emerging European society and its values.

4) Inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities An important priority for the European Commission is to give young people with fewer opportunities access to the Youth in Action Programme.

In close cooperation with the National Agencies and the SALTO Resource Centres Programme, the European Commission has established a strategy for the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities in the Youth in Action Programme targeting in particular young people from a less-privileged cultural, geographical or socio-economic background, or with disabilities.

Youth groups and organisations should take appropriate measures to avoid exclusion of specific target groups. The Youth in Action Programme is a programme for all and efforts should be made to include young people with special needs.

Structure of the Youth in Action Programme In order to achieve its objectives, the Youth in Action Programme foresees five operational actions.

Action 1 – Youth for Europe The aim of this action is to:

• increase mobility of young people by supporting youth exchanges and to • develop young people’s citizenship and mutual understanding by supporting youth

initiatives, projects and activities concerning their participation in democratic life.

Action 1 supports the following measures. 1.1 Youth Exchanges

Youth Exchanges offer an opportunity for groups of young people (aged 13 to 25) from different countries to meet and learn about each other’s cultures. Their pedagogical value and non-formal learning element comes from the fact that the groups explore common themes.

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1.2. Youth Initiatives

This measure supports group projects designed at local, regional and national level and the networking of similar projects in different countries, in order to strengthen their European aspect and to enhance cooperation and exchanges of experiences between young people. It addresses young people between 18 and 30.

1.3. Youth Democracy Projects This measure supports young people’s participation in the democratic life of their local, regional or national community. It is open to young people between 13 and 30.

Action 2 – European Voluntary Service The aim of the European Voluntary Service is to support young people's participation in various forms of voluntary activities, both within and outside the European Union.

Under this Action, young people (aged 18 to 30) take part individually or in groups in non-profit-making, unpaid activities. The service may last up to twelve months. Certain activities may admit young people from 16 years old.

Action 3 – Youth in the World The aim of this action is:

• to support projects with the partner countries, in particular exchanges of young people and those active in youth work and youth organisations and the development of partnerships and networks of youth organisations and

• to support initiatives that reinforce young people’s mutual understanding, sense of solidarity and tolerance, as well as the development of cooperation in the field of youth and civil society in these countries.

3.1. Cooperation with the neighbouring countries of the enlarged Europe

This measure supports projects with neighbouring partner countries. It supports exchanges, networking, capacity building of NGOs, initiatives, innovation and information activities in the field of youth. If adequate national management structures are available in these countries, individual or group initiatives at local, regional or national level can also be supported.

3.2. Cooperation with other countries This measure concerns cooperation in the field of youth, in particular the exchange of good practices with Partner Countries from other parts of the world. It encourages the exchange of good practices through exchanges and training of youth workers, partnerships and networks of youth organisations.

Action 4 – Youth support systems The aim of this action is to support bodies active at European level in the field of youth, in particular the operation of youth NGOs, their networking, advice for people developing projects, ensuring quality by means of the exchange, training and networking of those active in youth work and youth organisations, encouraging innovation and quality, providing young people with information, developing the structures and activities needed for the Programme to meet these goals and encouraging partnerships with local and regional authorities.

Action 4 is subdivided into eight measures:

4.1. Support to bodies active at European level in the field of youth

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This measure concerns operational grants to NGOs active at European level in the field of youth that pursue a goal of general interest. Their activities are aimed at young people’s participation in public life and in society and the development of European cooperation activities in the field of youth.

4.2. Support to the European Youth Forum A grant is awarded every year under this measure to support the ongoing activities of the European Youth Forum.

4.3. Training and networking of those active in youth work and youth organisations This measure supports the training of those active in youth work and youth organisations, in particular the exchange of experiences, expertise and good practice between them; as well as activities which may lead to long-lasting quality projects and partnerships and networks.

4.4. Projects encouraging innovation and quality This measure supports projects aimed at introducing, implementing and promoting innovative approaches in the youth field.

4.5. Information activities for young people and those active in youth work and youth organisations Under this measure support is given to activities at European and national level which improve young people’s access to information and communication services and increase the participation of young people in the preparation and dissemination of user-friendly, targeted information products. It also supports the development of European, national, regional and local youth portals for the dissemination of specific information for young people.

4.6. Partnerships This measure is for the funding of partnerships with regional or local bodies, in order to develop long-term projects which combine various measures in the Programme.

4.7. Support for the structures of the Programme This measure funds the management structures of the Programme, in particular the National Agencies.

4.8. Adding to the value of the Programme This measure will be used by the Commission to fund seminars, colloquia and meetings to facilitate the implementation of the Programme and the valorisation of its results.

Action 5 –Support for European cooperation in the youth field The aim of this action is:

• to organise structured dialogue between the various actors in the field of youth, in particular the young people themselves, those active in youth work and youth organisations and policymakers,

• to support youth seminars on social, cultural and political issues in which young people are interested,

• to contribute to the development of policy cooperation in the youth field and • to facilitate the development of the networks necessary to a better understanding of youth.

5.1. Meetings of young people and those responsible for youth policy This measure supports cooperation, seminars and structured dialogue between young people, those

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active in youth work and those responsible for youth policy. The activities include the conferences organised by the Presidencies of the Union and the European Youth Week

5.2. Support for activities to bring about better knowledge of the field of youth This measure supports projects involving the identification of existing knowledge relating to the priorities in the field of youth, established under the open method of coordination.

5.3. Co-operation with international organisations

This action will be used to support the European Union’s cooperation with international organisations working in the youth field, in particular the Council of Europe, the United Nations or its specialised institutions.

Who implements the Youth in Action Programme?

The European Commission The European Commission, which initiated the Programme, is ultimately responsible for its smooth running. It manages the budget and sets priorities, targets and criteria for the Programme on an ongoing basis. Furthermore it guides and monitors the general implementation, follow-up and evaluation of the Programme at European level.

The European Commission also bears overall responsibility for the coordination of the National Agencies, which are offices that have been designated and set up by the national authorities in charge of youth affairs in each Programme country. The European Commission cooperates closely with the National Agencies and oversees their activities.

The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency is responsible for the implementation of the centralised actions of the Youth in Action Programme. In this context, it is in charge of the complete life cycle of projects. In addition, it undertakes the support activities set out on page x.

The National Authorities The EU Member States, as well as the other Programme countries, are involved in the management of Youth in Action, in particular through the Programme Committee, to which they appoint representatives. They are also responsible for designating and monitoring the National Agencies (the latter task is shared with the European Commission).

The National Agencies for Youth in Action Implementation of the Youth in Action Programme is mainly decentralised, the aim being to take action as closely as possible to the beneficiaries and to adapt to the diversity of national systems and situations in the field of youth. Each of the 31 countries participating in all Youth in Action Actions has appointed a National Agency. These National Agencies promote and implement the Programme at national level and act as the link between the European Commission, project promoters at national, regional and local level, and the young people themselves. It is their task:

• to collect and provide appropriate information on the Youth in Action Programme; • to administer a transparent and equitable selection process for project applications; • to provide effective and efficient administrative processes; • to seek co-operation with external structures in order to help to implement the Programme; • to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the Programme;

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• to provide support to project applicants and promoters throughout the project life cycle; • to form with all National Agencies and the Commission a good functioning network; • to improve the visibility of the Programme

Beside that they play an important role as intermediate structure for the development of youth work by:

• creating opportunities to share experiences; • providing training and non-formal learning experiences; • promoting values like social inclusion, cultural diversity and active citizenship; • supporting all kind of youth structures, especially non-organised • Finally, they act as a supporting structure for the European co-operation in the youth field.

Other structures Apart from the bodies mentioned above, the following structures provide complementary expertise concerning the Youth in Action Programme:

The SALTO Resource Centres

The aim of the SALTO Resource Centres is to support the quality of projects funded under Youth in Action in the priority fields. In these European priority areas, SALTO-YOUTH provides resources, information and training for National Agencies and European youth work.

The Eurodesk network

The Eurodesks are a European network of relays providing information relevant to young people and those who work with them, on European opportunities in the education, training and youth fields, and the involvement of young people in European activities.

The Partnership between the Commission and the Council of Europe in the field of youth work

The Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe aims to give impetus to and increase synergies between training and research activities in the field of youth.

Who can participate in the Youth in Action Programme? The Youth in Action Programme addresses young people aged between 13 and 30 who are legally resident in one of the Member States of the European Union or the Programme countries, as well as other actors in the field of youth and non-formal education. The main target group of the programme are young people between 15 and 28 years.

Age limits for participants The age limits applying to each of the actions are set out in the table below.

Upper age limits: Participants must not be older than the indicated maximum age at the application deadline. For example, if the upper age limit is 25 years, participants must not be older than 25 years and 364 days at the application deadline. Lower age limit: Participants must have reached the minimum age at the application deadline. For example, if the lower age limit is 13 years, participants must have celebrated their 13th birthday by the application deadline.

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Lower age limit Upper age limit Exception Action 1: Youth for Europe 1.1 Youth Exchange 13 25 1.2. Youth Initiatives 18 30 16-30 1.3. Youth democracy projects 13 30 Action 2: European Voluntary Service Lower age limit Upper age limit Exception 18 30 16-30 Action 3: Youth in the world Same rules as for Youth Exchange and Youth Initiatives in Programme countries, no age limits for youth support system projects Action 4: Youth support systems No age limits Action 5: European cooperation in the youth field No age limits

The exceptional lower age limits, foreseen for Youth Initiatives and for EVS, may only be applied under the condition that appropriate supervision is provided. The Programme is open to all young people independently of their level of education or social and cultural background

Programme Countries

The following countries are Programme Countries:

Member States of the European Union (EU)

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Austria

Belgium

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Participating countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

which are members of the European Economic Area (EEA)

Iceland Liechtenstein Norway

Participating countries which are candidates for accession to the European Union

Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Programme Countries can participate in all actions of the Youth in Action Programme. Most types of project co-financed by the Youth in Action Programme require a partnership to be established with one or more partners. A distinction is made between Programme Countries and Partner Countries

Partner Countries

The Youth in Action Programme supports cooperation between Programme Countries and the following Partner Countries:

Countries participating in the Stabilisation and Association process

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South East Europe

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

Montenegro

Serbia2

Countries participating in the European Neighbourhood Policy3

Euromed Algeria Egypt

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Palestinian Authority of the West

Bank and Gaza Strip

Syria

Tunisia

Eastern Europe and Caucasus

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Georgia

Moldova

Russian Federation

Ukraine

Partner Countries can participate in action 3 and also in action 2.

General selection procedures Young people and project promoters interested in setting up a project must complete the relevant application forms and follow the application procedures which are explained in more detail under each Action.

2

3 Except the Russian Federation, enjoying a special partnership with the EU.

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Compliance with the objectives, formal and quality criteria, as well as the priorities of the Youth in Action Programme and its Actions, are the basis for each grant award decision.

Applications are processed at national level or for some specific project types, at European level according to the following rules:

At national level

The vast majority of applications are processed at national level by the National Agencies. Projects are selected by national selection panels, which are composed of people familiar with the youth field and youth activities, for example members of National Youth Councils. Selections are made in accordance with the European Commission’s guidelines.

At European level

Only a limited number of specific project types are dealt with directly at the European level and are selected by the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Commission.

In all actions, European non-governmental youth organisations (ENGYOs), which are based in one of the Programme Countries and have member branches in at least eight Programme Countries must apply directly to the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

Application deadlines

For projects that are selected at national level, there are five application deadlines a year: Projects starting between Application deadline 1 May and 30 September 1 February 1 July and 30 November 1 April 1 September and 31 January 1 June 1 December and 30 April 1 September 1 February and 30 June 1 November

For all projects selected at European level, as well as projects involving Partner Countries under Action 3.1, there are three application deadlines a year:

Projects starting between Application deadline 1 July and 30 November 1 February 1 November and 30 March 1 June 1 January and 30 June 1 September

Application forms

The National Agencies and the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Commission provide the official application forms. They can also be downloaded from the Commission’s, the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency’s and the National Agencies’ websites (see Annex).

Applications must be submitted to the National Agencies (if dealt with at national level) or to the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (if dealt with at European level) by the deadlines given in the grid above.

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Notification of selection panels’ decisions The meetings of the selection panels, whether at European or at national level, usually take place between 6 and 8 weeks after the application deadlines. In general, applicants are notified of the selection panels’ decisions with respect to their application ten to twelve weeks after the application deadline. For more detailed information on selection panels’ results, applicants are invited to contact their National Agency (for projects selected at national level) or the Executive Agency of the European Commission (for projects selected at European level).

General financial rules on Community grants As all Community grants, financial contributions awarded under the Youth in Action Programme are subject to some rules. Their application is compulsory and does not allow any exception under the Programme.

Grant amount

On the one hand, the amount granted by the contract is to be considered as a maximum which cannot be increased in any circumstances.

On the other hand, the final amount is only granted after the analysis of the final report and can be reduced following the current implementation of the project: if final total costs are less than foreseen in the application then the grant will be reduced proportionally.

No-profit

Grant awarded may not have the purpose or the effect of producing a profit for the beneficiary (or a loss neither). In practical terms this means that the total funding of a specific project must be equal to the total costs. If the total receipts are higher than the final total costs, the Community grant will be reduced accordingly after the analysis of the final report. This might bring to recovery of amounts previously paid.

Cofinancing

The grant cannot finance the entire costs of the project. Promoters must show their commitment in the implementation of the project by finding financing sources other than the Community grant. This can be done, for example, by running fund-raising activities, by adding own resources and, or, by requesting grants to other organisations (i.e. Municipalities, Regions and other local/regional authorities). Proofs of co-financing must be shown in the final report.

No double-financing

One single project is entitled to receive one, and only one, grant from the Community budget. Projects which plan to, or have obtained another Community grant are deemed ineligible.

Non retroactivity

No grant may be awarded retrospectively for actions already completed. A grant may be awarded for an action which has already begun only where the applicant can demonstrate the need to start the action before the agreement is signed. In such cases, expenditure eligible for financing may not have been incurred prior to the date of submission of the grant application.

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IMPORTANT: Starting the project before signing the agreement is done at the risk of the Organisation and does not give any additional right in having a grant awarded. For specific grant awarding rules for each Action of the Programme please refer to the detailed sections of this Guide.

Eligibility period - difference between project dates and activity dates

The project dates cover the whole period from initial preparation to final evaluation. The activity dates refer to the period during which the actual activity takes place (e.g. the day the volunteer arrives in the host country until the day he/she leaves, the first and the last day of a Youth Exchange programme, etc.).

Selected projects must not start earlier than indicated in the table above. It is strongly recommended that activities do not start on the first day of the project period, as this would mean that costs linked to preparatory work are incurred prior to the project period and cannot be covered by the grant.

The final report of a project must be sent to the National Agencies, for projects selected at national level, and to the Executive Agency of the European Commission, for projects selected at European level, no later than 2 months after the end of the project.

List of contact details

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Directorate-General for Education and Culture (DG EAC)

YOUTH programme Unit YOUTH Policy Unit B – 1049 Brussels

Tel: +32 2 299 11 11 Fax: +32 2 299 40 38

Website: http://ec.europa.eu/youth

______________

Education, Audiovisual, and Culture Executive Agency

Youth Department Rue Colonel Bourg 139

B-1140 Brussels

Tel: +32 2 29 97824 Fax: +32 2 29 21330

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E-mail: youth@ec.europa.eu

Website: http://eacea.cec.eu.int

European Youth Portal

A dynamic and interactive Portal in 20 languages for young people

http://europa.eu/youth/

SALTO SOUTH EAST EUROPE RESOURCE CENTRE - SLOVENIA

MOVIT NA MLADINA Ms. Sonja MITTER Dunajska, 22 SI - 1000 Ljubljana Tél.: +386-1-430.47.47 Fax: +386-1-430.47.49 E-mail: see@salto-youth.net Website: http://www.salto-youth.net/see/

The Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe

Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe “The Partnership”

30 Rue de Coubertin F – 67000 Strasbourg Cedex

Tel: + 33 3 88 41 23 00 Fax: + 33 3 88 41 27 77/78

E-mail : youth@coe.int

Websites:

http://www.coe.int/youth

http://www.training-youth.net

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c. National-based EU funding (EAR in Macedonia and similar) Note: Special brochures published by the EU will be distributed at the Workshop. More informal information about the future of the specific EU funding for youth organizations in Macedonia, Kosova, Montenegro and Albania will be shared with participants at the Workshop.

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Part 3: Information on Council of Europe Funding

Priorities of the Directorate of Youth 2006-08

1. Human Rights Education and Intercultural Dialogue, with special emphasis on

• youth promoting global solidarity and the peaceful transformation of conflict; • youth promoting intercultural dialogue, inter-religious co-operation and respect for cultural

difference; • developing networks of trainers and multipliers in Human Rights Education with young

people ; • supporting and promoting good practice in Human rights education and intercultural

dialogue at the local level ; • supporting the recognition of human rights education and intercultural dialogue in formal

and non-formal education.

2. Youth Participation and Democratic Citizenship, with special emphasis on:

• promoting and sustaining the role of youth organisations in the development of democratic participation;

• promoting citizenship education and participation of and by young people; • promoting access of young people to decision-making.

3. Social Cohesion and Inclusion of Young People, with special emphasis on:

• facilitating the access of young people to working life and to social rights; • youth work and policy responses to violence;

4. Youth Policy Development, with special emphasis on:

• developing and promoting standards for youth policies, in connection with Child policies in the Council of Europe and its member states;

• fostering the recognition of youth work and non-formal education competences in the member states;

• developing and sharing knowledge on the situation of young people; • supporting the quality and sustainability of European youth work training and policy.

In this context, the Directorate of Youth and Sport attached great importance to the implementation of the 2006-2007 European Youth Campaign on Diversity, Human Rights and Participation, conceived in the spirit of the 1995 Campaign “All different-all equal”, as decided as part of the Action Plan adopted by the Heads of State and Government during their third Summit in Warsaw, on 16-17 May 2005. The campaing will be implemented at European, national and local levels.

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Financial Support

The Council of Europe Directorate of Youth and Sport provides different types of support to international youth activities and organisations by working with “multipliers”, i.e. young people and youth workers who are in a position to pass on new knowledge to other young people and colleagues.

Please note that the Council of Europe’s youth sector does not allocate financial support to individual young people such as student grants, housing allowances or travel allowances.

1. European Youth Foundation (EYF)

2. Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility (FSMJ)

3. Study Sessions

1. EUROPEAN YOUTH FOUNDATION (EYF)

The European Youth Foundation (EYF) is a fund established in 1972 by the Council of Europe to provide financial support for European youth activities. It has an annual budget of approximately 3 million Euros. Since 1972, more than 300 000 young people, aged between 15 and 30 and mostly from member states, have benefited directly from EYF-supported activities. In 2005 the EYF supported some 300 projects involving more than 15 000 young people.

Its purpose is to encourage co-operation among young people in Europe by providing financial support to such European youth activities which serve the promotion of peace, understanding and co-operation in a spirit of respect for the Council of Europe's fundamental values such as human rights, democracy, tolerance and solidarity.

The EYF thus provides financial support to the following types of activity undertaken by non-governmental youth organisations or networks or by other non-governmental structures involved in areas of youth work relevant to the Council of Europe's youth policies and work:

• educational, social, cultural and humanitarian activities of a European character; • activities aiming at strengthening peace and co-operation in Europe; • activities designed to promote closer co-operation and better understanding among young people in Europe,

particularly by developing the exchange of information; • activities intended to stimulate mutual aid in Europe and in the developing countries for cultural, educational and

social purposes; • studies, research and documentation on youth matters.

ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN BE FINANCED BY THE EYF

A. International youth meetings (Category A) The EYF may provide financial support for organising international youth meetings for youth leaders, including seminars, conferences, workshops, camps, festivals, etc.

B. Youth activities other than meetings (Category B) Apart from meetings, the types of youth activities eligible for EYF financial support are studies, research projects and the production of information and documentation on youth issues. In this category the Foundation may support, for example:

- specialised publications (such as training manuals); - newsletters or magazines produced by international youth organisations or networks; - information campaigns; - exhibitions and the production of audio-visual materials etc; - the development of websites or the production of CD-ROMs; - the production of posters, badges and stickers; - research projects on youth-related issues.

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In the same category, the EYF can also grant study visits enabling youth organisations and networks to make new contacts in Europe and thus extend partnerships and develop co-operation.

C. Administration of international non-governmental youth organisations and networks (Category C) The European Youth Foundation may, on an annual basis, grant international non-governmental youth organisations or networks a contribution to cover part of the general administrative costs involved in running their activities at European level.

The Foundation may also contribute to the administrative costs of international non-governmental youth organisations and networks, during a maximum period of three years, in order to help them to establish a European structure (Category C bis).

D. Pilot projects (Category D)

Since 1 January 2000, the European Youth Foundation (EYF) is able to provide financial support to pilot projects carried out in the form of meetings between young people or activities other than meetings (documentation, research and publications). This facility has been introduced in order to enable the EYF to provide as effective a response as possible to the priority objectives of the Council of Europe's youth policy which, by their very nature, call for means of action which are not subject to excessively rigid rules, conditions and criteria.

These priority objectives are:

• to help young people, particularly disadvantaged young people, deal with the challenges facing them and fulfil their own aspirations;

• to encourage new forms of youth participation and organisation; • to make a contribution to social cohesion, including through the fight against exclusion and the prevention of

phenomena affecting young people more particularly; • to adapt and broaden programmes and structures in line with changes in society.

NOTE: The following types of activity cannot be financed by the EYF: • operations of a commercial nature • the construction, purchase or equipment of buildings • tourist activities • statutory meetings • activities part of a school or university programme • activities with only a vocational training character

WHO CAN APPLY FOR AN EYF GRANT?

An international non-governmental youth organisation or network

A national or local non-governmental youth organisation or network

Non-governmental structures involved in youth work

PROCEDURE FOR SUBMITTING APPLICATIONS TO THE EYF

On 10 March 2004 the European Youth Foundation introduced a computerised system to manage the registration of youth NGOs, grant applications and follow up. On the web site of the EYF, youth NGOs can register with the EYF, submit their projects online and monitor the progress of the applications and the administrative follow up.

It has been possible to introduce this new system thanks also to the partial financial support of the UIC (International Union of Railways).

The new system is accessible via the following browsers: Internet Explorer versions 5.0 and 6.0, Netscape version 7.0.

FOR YOUTH NGOs AND NETWORKS WHICH HAVE ALREADY APPLIED TO THE EYF OVER THE PAST YEARS These organisations have been provided with their login details in order to update the details on their registration form and submit their applications online. Please contact the following e-mail in case of problems: eyf.registration@coe.int.

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FOR YOUTH NGOs AND NETWORKS WHICH ARE FIRST-TIME APPLICANTS TO THE EYF The first step for youth NGOs will be to register with the EYF (go to How to register)

Without a correctly filled in registration form that has been validated by the Secretariat, organisations will not be able to submit their applications online.

N.B.: This new procedure does not concern the submission of applications for study sessions to be held in co-operation with the European Youth Centres (see www.coe.int/youth for more details). For further information concerning study sessions contact: eyc.studysessions@coe.int, tel. +33 3 88 41 22 94.

DEADLINES FOR SUBMITTING APPLICATIONS

The next deadline for applications is:

1 October 2006

• for activities to be held in co-operation with the European Youth Centres (study sessions) in the second semester of 2007;

• for activities under category A and B of the EYF taking place between 1 April and 31 December 2007.

There are no fixed deadlines for pilot project applications or first (ad hoc) applications to the EYF, which may be submitted at any time. However, according to the decision of the Programming Committee on Youth (the decision-making body), all ad hoc applications including pilot projects should be submitted at least three months prior to the beginning of the activity in order to allow a proper assessment.

Bodies interested in submitting applications to the European Youth Centres are asked to consult the website of the Directorate of Youth and Sport (www.coe.int/youth).

Organisations submitting applications to the European Youth Foundation should follow the online procedure outlined above.

EXAMINING AND DECIDING ON THE APPLICATIONS

Grant applications are considered first by the EYF Secretariat, which ensures that the applications are complete and sufficiently well documented.

To be supported, activities should contribute to the priorities and the programmes of the objectives of the Council of Europe's youth sector for 2006 to 2008 as outlined in the appendix.

In addition, especially for Category A projects, the Secretariat checks to what extent the application corresponds to certain criteria. These include:

• clearly set out educational aims and learning objectives • coherent and feasible budget • geographical balance of participants • international preparatory team • multiplying effect.

All applications received are summarised in a document with the Secretariat's recommendation and forwarded to the members of the Programming Committee on Youth. This committee comprises eight government representatives and eight representatives of non-governmental youth organisations, networks and other non-governmental youth structures. It normally meets twice a year, in June and December, in order, among other things, to examine applications and make decisions regarding the amount of financial support to be granted, if any.

Youth NGOs are informed of the Committee's decision immediately after the meeting and a list of the projects accepted for funding is published on the web site (see Projects supported).

Pilot projects and first applications are examined under an ad hoc procedure at the next meeting of the Programming Committee on Youth. In urgent cases, and as far as the Foundation's financial situation permits it, they can be forwarded by the Secretariat to the Programming Committee on Youth. However, this procedure is valid only for grants not exceeding 7,600 Euros.

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In certain specific circumstances a grant request from an organisation which is not a first-time applicant may also be considered under an ad hoc procedure. In such cases the organisation must be able to give good reasons for not submitting the application within the normal time limit.

PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE YOUTH SECTOR OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 2006 TO 2008 in detail

The Council of Europe has defined the following four programmes in the youth sector for the period 2006 to 2008:

• Human rights education and intercultural dialogue • Youth participation and democratic citizenship • Social cohesion and inclusion of young people • Youth policy development

Each programme is split up into different projects, with objectives for the period 2006 to 2008 for each project.

PROGRAMME 1: YOUTH PROGRAMME ON HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE

YOUTH PROMOTING GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AND THE PEACEFUL TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT • to increase the capacity of youth organisations to engage with issues of global solidarity and the

peaceful transformation of conflict; • to mainstream a global dimension in the programme of the youth sector, building up synergies with

the programme of the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, taking into consideration the experience of the “Youth and Globalisation Event” organised in 2004;

• to develop educational programmes and resources for the promotion of global solidarity and the peaceful transformation of conflicts in Europe, with a particular focus on South-East Europe, the Caucasus and the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.

YOUTH PROMOTING INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE, INTER-RELIGIOUS CO-OPERATION AND RESPECT FOR CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

• to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue among young people, from various perspectives, and to address the role of history/tradition, culture and religion in young people’s lives;\

• to develop young people’s personal skills, knowledge and attitudes to deal with culture, tradition and religious diversity;

• to review the role of intercultural educational theory and practical approaches in relation to contemporary social realities faced by young people in Europe;

• to develop policy and practical responses to situations of discrimination and intolerance affecting young people, such as racism, antisemitism, xenophobia and Islamophobia.

DEVELOPING NETWORKS OF TRAINERS AND MULTIPLIERS IN HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION WITH YOUNG PEOPLE

• to implement a programme of national and European training courses in Human Rights Education; • to support networking and co-operation among youth organisations and other institutions and

individuals (trainers, multipliers, youth leaders) active in the field of human rights education. SUPPORTING AND PROMOTING GOOD PRACTICE IN HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

• to provide financial support to pilot projects in human rights education and intercultural dialogue; • to encourage the exchange of good practice between practitioners and other actors in the fields of

Human Rights Education and Intercultural Dialogue; • to further involve local authorities and educational institutions in the promotion of Human Rights

Education and Intercultural Dialogue with young people.

SUPPORTING THE RECOGNITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE IN FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

• to develop and disseminate educational resources for Human Rights Education;

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• to promote the role of Human Rights Education with governmental and non-governmental educational institutions in the Member States of the Council of Europe, notably through a recommendation;

• to develop quality standards and tools in the field of human rights and intercultural dialogue for youth, in non- formal and formal education (such as through civic or citizenship education curricula).

PROGRAMME 2: YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP PROMOTING AND SUSTAINING THE ROLE OF YOUTH ORGANISATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION

• to support youth NGOs as spaces for young people to develop their capacities to become active citizens;

• to support the capacity of youth NGOs in Europe to become more sustainable, bearing in mind the structural challenges facing them;

• to support and integrate the development of a viable youth NGO sector in the member states of Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Caucasus, as well as in the framework of Euro-Mediterranean co-operation;

• to support the emergence and development of new forms of organisations and networks of vulnerable young people or groups under-represented in society.

PROMOTING CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND PARTICIPATION OF AND BY YOUNG PEOPLE

• to empower young people to become active citizens and to recognise them as partners in the democratic processes of all levels of society;

• to train youth leaders and youth workers to act as multipliers in projects for European citizenship; • to further develop concrete ways to implement and promote the Council of Europe’s revised Charter

on the participation of young people in local and regional life. PROMOTING ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO DECISION-MAKING

• to support and further develop existing and new forms of youth participation in decision-making, especially with young people who have less access to decision-making structures;

• to promote and contribute to the development of public youth policies in the member states that enable effective participation of young people in decision-making;

• to enhance the participation of young people from minority background and to ensure appropriate follow up to the recommendation on the promotion of the participation of minority youth.

PROGRAMME 3: SOCIAL COHESION AND INCLUSION OF YOUNG PEOPLE FACILITATING THE ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO WORKING LIFE AND TO SOCIAL RIGHTS

• to develop youth policy responses to youth unemployment in the member states; • to further develop non-formal/formal education with a view to increasing the possibilities for young

people to have access to and actively participate within the labour market; • to increase the role of young people and their active citizenship, through non-formal education and

lifelong-learning; • to promote the integration of non-formal education in the lifelong-learning agenda, while

strengthening the relations between non-formal and formal education; • to create and further develop methods/tools/ways to promote equal opportunities for socially

excluded young people; • to promote awareness of gender equality among young people; • to identify and implement measures to deal with all forms of discrimination in the access of young

people to the labour market and to social rights, in co-operation with the Directorate General of Social Cohesion.

YOUTH WORK AND POLICY RESPONSES TO VIOLENCE

• to empower young people to be actors in preventing all forms of violence;

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• to develop the capacity of youth organisations and multipliers to address all forms of violence (e.g. gender-based, religious, towards disability, homophobic, racial and ethnic, etc.) affecting children and young people;

• to disseminate the recommendations of the 7th Conference of European Ministers responsible for youth entitled as ‘Human dignity and social cohesion: youth policy responses to violence”, and support their implementation’.

PROGRAMME 4: YOUTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING STANDARDS FOR YOUTH POLICIES, IN CONNECTION WITH CHILD POLICIES IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND ITS MEMBER STATES

• to provide governments with advice and assistance for the development of their national youth policy and to stimulate co-operation between civil society and public authorities in youth policy development;

• to improve co-ordination of child and youth policies within the Council of Europe and the member states, in particular as concerns the promotion of participation;

• to develop youth information policies. FOSTERING THE RECOGNITION OF YOUTH WORK AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION COMPETENCES IN THE MEMBER STATES

• to increase the recognition of non-formal education/learning, in particular acquired through youth work;

• to finalise a European portfolio for youth leaders and youth workers, to promote its recognition and usage in the member states, and to integrate it into the “EUROPASS” of the European Union.

DEVELOPING AND SHARING KNOWLEDGE ON THE SITUATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE • to create and develop technical and analytical tools for understanding the situation of young people

in the member states; • to promote exchange and cooperation among researchers on youth; • to further promote needs and research-based youth policies and programmes.

SUPPORT MEASURES FOR THE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF EUROPEAN YOUTH WORK TRAINING AND POLICY

• to identify and develop innovative approaches to training in the youth sector; • to review and update the required competences for youth training and to develop the trainers’ pool of

the Directorate of Youth and Sport; • to enhance the quality of the programme of the Council of Europe’s youth sector and to develop

criteria for evaluation and consolidation of the youth activities of the Council of Europe; • to increase the visibility, transparency and accessibility of the programme of activities of the youth

sector of the Council of Europe.

Contact EYF @

European Youth Foundation Directorate of Youth and Sport Council of Europe 30, rue Pierre de Coubertin F- 67000 Strasbourg Tel: (33) 03 88 41 20 19 Fax: (33) 03 90 21 49 64 E-mail: eyf@coe.int

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2. Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility (FSMJ)

INTRODUCTION The Council of Europe and the International Union of Railways (UIC) joined forces on 16 December 1994 to set up the Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility, a fund for the mobility of disadvantaged young people.

For every Inter Rail Card sold, one EURO will be donated by the International Union of Railways to the funding of projects involving Europe's young and least well off, enabling them to attend international activities, taking them on journeys of cross-cultural contact and discovery.

The fund caters solely for young people from underprivileged backgrounds or economically underdeveloped areas and is intended to cover the rail travel (2nd class) of these young people participating in international educational activities. It does not assist tourist travel. To qualify for assistance, projects must involve at least two countries and a minimum of ten people.

The Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility plans to support some 30 youth projects per year.

GUIDELINES WHEN APPLYING

• Only group projects are eligible for support, involving a minimum of 10 participants who can be from different countries.

• The Fund may reimburse only international rail travel (2nd class) for disadvantaged young people (see below) travelling to take part in an international mobility project (see below). In exceptional cases and on the basis of a documented and argued request, the Management Board may derogate from this rule.

• The travel costs by rail of accompanying persons may be reimbursed if the grant application concerns participants who are minors or whose situation requires supervision.

• Certain costs, such as visas and insurance, cannot be included in the calculation of the grant. • Financial support offered by the Fund is made in the form of a grant, the amount of which is

determined by the Management Board, paid to the applicant organisation on receipt of the original rail travel tickets purchased (ie the financial support is on the form of a reimbursement meaning that the organisation - or the participants - has to pay in advance the travel costs).

The term "disadvantaged young people" means:

• Young people from countries or regions which are lagging behind economically or which are

undergoing serious recession causing high unemployment.

• Young people who have not had the benefit of a full education or extra teaching, who have little

knowledge of foreign languages and who face financial problems.

• Young people from peripheral regions, for whom the cost of travel is much higher than for young

people living in the centre of Europe.

• Young apprentices who intend to take up a trade or craft activity, but who do not have sufficient

finances to cover the travel costs for their training project.

A "mobility project" involves:

• A precise definition of the aims pursued by the participants and, if appropriate, by the organising

NGYO.

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• Identification of the partners in the host country to which the participants will be travelling and, if

appropriate, of the organising NGYO.

• An introduction to the host country and to the challenges of the intercultural situation.

• Appropriate reception arrangements and accommodation which facilitates meetings and exchanges.

• Formal and informal contact with local people.

• Giving participants the opportunity, at the end of the project, to assess their experience and insights

and to compare the project as a whole with the aims set out in the programme.

Applications must include: • a clear and concise description of the aims, programme and working methods;

• a clear description of the participants' profile, geographical origin, age and the recruitment methods

used as well as their disadvantaged situation;

• an estimation of the rail travel costs for the participants involved

Deadlines: • Applications should be received at least a month before the project begins.

For further information, contact: Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility Directorate of Youth and Sport Council of Europe 30, rue Pierre de Coubertin F - 67000 STRASBOURG Tel: +33 3 88 41 26 85 Fax: +33 3 90 21 49 64 Email: fsmjdjs.courrier@coe.int Contact person: Jean-Claude LAZARO

3. Study Sessions

In addition to their own programme of education and training activities, the European Youth Centres carry out a yearly programme of study sessions and other activities held in co-operation with non-governmental and governmental youth partners. The study sessions, symposia and other similar activities reflect the principles of co-management and partnership with young people and their organisations that are at the heart of the youth policy of the Council of Europe.

These activities - of which the most visible are the study sessions – are based on co-operation between the partner organisations and the Council of Europe’s Directorate of Youth and Sport. Study sessions are international youth events lasting between 4 and 8 days which bring together members of youth organisations or networks and experts for discussions on a specific subject leading to conclusions relevant to the priorities and programmes of the Council of Europe Youth sector. They are organised in co-operation with youth organisations and networks, and are hosted by one of the European Youth Centres.

The programme is based on applications submitted twice a year and decided upon by the Programming Committee on Youth.

These activities are totally or partly financed by the Council of Europe according to modalities available at the Secretariat.

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About twenty study sessions are planned in the EYCs in 2006. These sessions address a variety of subjects, corresponding to the work priorities established by the DYS for 2006-2008. The scope and extent of the subject matter of study sessions in 2006 indicates that they remain a key tool for co-operation with youth organisations to develop their own thematic foci and to multiply their organisational culture. Creativity and innovation in methodological as well as thematic terms are also important aspects of study sessions.

Criteria for Activities to be held in Co-operation with the European Youth Centres

Adopted by the Programming Committee on Youth at its 12th meeting (December 2004)

1. Eligible applicants 2. Eligible activities 3. Non-eligible activities 4. Criteria applicable to all activities 5. Specific criteria applicable to study sessions 6. Symposia 7. Special projects

The European Youth Centres of the Council of Europe, in Strasbourg and Budapest, were set up to support youth participation in Europe and to provide support - through education and training – to associative networks and projects interested in sharing the Council of Europe’s principles and priorities in the youth field.

In addition to their own programme of education and training activities, the European Youth Centres carry out a yearly programme of study sessions and other activities held in co-operation with non-governmental and governmental youth partners. The study sessions, symposia and other similar activities reflect the principles of co-management and partnership with young people and their organisations that are at the heart of the youth policy of the Council of Europe.

These activities - of which the most visible are the study sessions – are based on co-operation between the partner organisations and the Council of Europe’s Directorate of Youth and Sport. The programme is based on applications submitted twice a year and decided upon by the Programming Committee on Youth.

These activities are totally or partly financed by the Council of Europe according to modalities available at the Secretariat.

1. Eligible applicants

• European/International non-governmental youth organisations with partners or branches in at least 8 European countries

• European formal or informal networks of youth organisations and other non-governmental youth structures bringing together partners from at least 8 European countries

• Sub-regional networks of youth organisations and/or national youth councils and structures involved in youth work, bringing together at least 5 neighbouring countries

Applicants should be involved in areas of youth work relevant to the Council of Europe’s youth policy and interested in contributing to the work priorities and principles of the Council of Europe’s youth field.

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2. Eligible activities

• Study sessions • Symposia • Special projects

3. Non-eligible activities

The following activities are not eligible for support in co-operation with the European Youth Centre:

• those dealing mainly with internal affairs of the organisation, such as statutory meetings, general assemblies, congresses, etc.

• activities with a predominantly competitive character • activities that are part of a school or university programme • activities with uniquely a vocational training character • profit-making activities.

4. Criteria applicable to all activities

All activities must:

• conform to the principles laid down in the Statutes of the Council of Europe and the European Youth Centre and, specifically, show a commitment to a European society respectful of human rights and fundamental freedoms, cultural diversity and social cohesion and the participation of young people

• aim to develop synergies and have a multiplying effect, on local, regional, national and/or European level

• relate to problems and concerns of young people and seek to involve young people as a resource

• be an experience in participation and planned intercultural learning processes • involve participants residents from at least 8 member states of the Council of Europe • strive to secure a geographical and gender balance among the participants • be documented and its results made available to a wider public • be prepared, run and evaluated by an international multicultural planning team in co-

operation with the Centre’s educational staff • make good use of the European Youth Centre from an institutional and educational point of

view.

5. Specific criteria applicable to study sessions

• study sessions must address an issue of contemporary European societies from the point of view of young people, or matters affecting young people and their organisations across the member states of the Council of Europe

• the theme of the study session is proposed and developed by the applying organisation and should contribute to development of the work priorities of the Council of Europe’s youth sector

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• study sessions must have a minimum duration of 4 working days and a maximum of 8 working days – exceptions to the maximum duration may be granted if justified in the application

• study sessions must bring together a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 40 participants, including the preparatory team (with the exception of double study sessions)

• participants coming from one country must not exceed 20% of the total number of participants. Up to 15% of all participants may come from non-member countries.

• the majority of participants must be under 30 years of age – with a maximum of 25% over the age of 30

• the participants must be able to act as multipliers and contribute to the follow-up of the activity within their own context and organisation. The recruitment of the participants is the sole responsibility of the partner organisation/s

• the programme of the study session and the methodology must be prepared and implemented by a multicultural team of facilitators or trainers provided by the partner organisation and by an educational advisor provided by the Council of Europe

• the preparatory team – including the educational advisor of the Council of Europe - must meet at least once at the latest six weeks before the beginning of the study session

• study sessions may normally be held in two working languages with simultaneous interpretation. Exceptions to this rule are possible when justified in the application and accepted by the Programming Committee

• the partner organisation must produce a written report of the activity and make it available within 6 months after the end of the session.

Priorities

In the selection of applications for study sessions the Programming Committee will give priority for activities that:

• can provide an input to, or benefit from the programme of work priorities of the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe, and are complementary in terms of the theme, approach or target groups to the rest of its programme of activities

• promise to be innovative in terms of method, approach, target group or intellectual output • are the result of collaboration between two or more applicants • can most benefit from the Centre’s institutional and educational support • reach target groups / young people who could not so far benefit from or have been less

involved in the activities of the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe.

Priority cannot be given to applications submitted by organisations that have not provided a written activity report of their last study session within the deadline.

Double study sessions

• Double study sessions are activities that concern several of the organisations or partners of the Directorate of Youth and Sport and involve more participants than a single session

• Double study sessions can only be applied for by at least two applicants • Double study sessions must bring together a minimum of 40 participants and a maximum of

70 participants, including the preparatory team • Double study sessions have a maximum duration of 5 working days, exceptions can be

made, if justified • Double study sessions may benefit – when justified – from interpretation into three working

languages.

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6. Symposia

Symposia are activities addressing themes and matters of common concern and interest for both the governmental and non-governmental partners of the Directorate of Youth and Sport. Symposia are aimed at knowledge production and contributing to the youth policy development of the Council of Europe.

The symposia are decided upon by and run under the supervision of the Programming Committee on the basis of the following guidelines:

• Applications may be submitted by 4 co-operating partners (unless agreed by the Joint Council on Youth in the annual programme of activities)

• The participants are recruited from the wide circle of governmental and non-governmental partners of the Directorate of Youth and Sport

• The secretariat and administration of symposia is secured by the Secretariat of the European Youth Centre. The recruitment of participants is made by the Secretariat; the selection of participants should be done together with the preparatory team

• The symposia are prepared by a preparatory team comprising representatives of the applicants, Secretariat and, where appropriate, representatives of the statutory bodies.

7. Special projects

Special projects are activities of an innovative character which fall outside the scope of the study sessions and symposia.

Such projects should provide benefits for the organisation, network or youth structure concerned and have a wider application in the programme of the Directorate of Youth and Sport. Consultation with the EYC Secretariat is recommended before applications are submitted.

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Part 4: Additional material on Funding a. Approaches to Fundraising (handout and presentation slides) b. Developing Fundraising Strategy (handout and presentation slides)

Note: These materials will be used during the Workshop and therefore will be delivered at the end of the presentations.

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Appendix 1: Additional sources of Funding Note: This is a list of donors that are active in different parts of Europe. Not all of these founders are currently supporting youth projects or are active in South East Europe. Nevertheless, it is useful to keep track on their work and plans for involvement. ASIA-Europe foundation http://www.asef.org/ The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) seeks to promote better mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and Europe through greater intellectual, cultural, and people-to-people exchanges. Atlas Economic Research Foundation http://www.atlas-fdn.org/ The Atlas Economic Research Foundation, incorporated in 1981, helps to create, develop, advise, and support independent public policy research institutes by providing "intellectual entrepreneurs" with advice, financial support, workshops, and access to a network of leaders who share a commitment of achieving a free society. The Foundation's Sir Antony Fisher International Memorial Awards for Public Policy Institutes recognizes institutes that combine the talents of the academic and the entrepreneur. AT&T http://www.att.com/foundation AT&T supports a variety of comprehensive programs through direct grants and employee-directed contributions. We want our grants to serve as enablers in helping organizations fulfill their missions and expand their services into the community

A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, Inc. http://www.nonviolence.org/ajmuste/ The A.J. Muste Memorial Institute explores the link between nonviolence and social change by applying its resources to the nonviolent struggle for social justice and a peaceful future. The Institute awards grants for projects promoting its mission through peace and disarmament, social and economic justice, racial and sexual equality, and the labor movement. It also provides funding through its International Nonviolence Training Fund. Albert & Mary Lasker Foundation, Inc. http://www.laskerfoundation.com/ The mission of the foundation is "to elevate and sustain medical research as a universal priority so that the foundation's goals - to eradicate life threatening disease and disabilities and improve health standards - are strongly supported by national and international policies and resources." Bertelsmann Stiftung http://www.stiftung.bertelsmann.de To perceive problems within society, to help solve them by developing exemplary models with experts from practical and theoretical fields, and put these models into effect in certain areas of society. Brigitte Bardot Foundation http://www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr/uk/ The Brigitte Bardot Foundation fights to defend animal rights and does not specialise in a specific area. Its ambition is to be at the heart of the fight for animal rights, whatever this may entail. It acts to heighten awareness, inform, relieve and save. It intervenes anywhere in the world where there is mistreatment of and cruelty towards animals. The Brother's Brother Foundation http://www.brothersbrother.com/ International Programs: Education, Medical, Humanitarian, Agriculture. The Bogliasco Foundation http://www.liguriastudycenter.org/ With a maximum capacity of sixteen persons, the Liguria Study Center provides an intimate setting for artistic and scholarly work. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace http://www.ceip.org/ The Endowment and its associates seek "to invigorate and extend both expert and public discussion on a wide range of international issues", such as worldwide migration, nuclear non-proliferation, and regional conflicts. It also "engages in and encourages projects designed to foster innovative contributions in international affairs." Cabot Corporation http://www.cabot-corp.com/ In 1998, the Cabot Corporation Foundation provided nearly $1 million to Cabot communities throughout the world for projects that are related to science, technology, education, community improvement, culture and the environment. Center for Field Research Grants http://www.earthwatch.org/cfr/cfr.html

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The Center for Field Research (CFR) was established in 1973 to develop research program for Earthwatch Institute by encouraging and evaluating proposals from scholars and scientists. Environment Charity Know How http://www.charityknowhow.org Charity Know How (CKH) is a grantmaking body which combines the funds and knowledge of 14 grantmaking Trusts, charitable Foundations and individuals, and the Department for International Development (DfID) of the British Government. Citicorp Foundation http://www.citigroup.com/citigroup/who/midb.htm The Citicorp Foundation helps to build communities in their wide array of international markets. The Foundation supports community development corporations and financial institutions that revitalize low-income neighborhoods, microlenders providing access to credit, and assists in starting or expanding businesses. Support is also provided for educational resources to encourage financial literacy and the digitization of archives Charles Stewart Mott Foundation http://www.mott.org To support efforts that promote a just, equitable and sustainable society. The foundation further believes that all individuals should have the right to work and pay their own way, the right to an education, the right to better themselves, and the right to a clean environment. Charities Aid Foundation http://www.charitynet.org/caf To enable individuals and organisations to improve the quality and value of their donations to charity and to provide services to charities for raising and managing funds more effectively. (Geographic Focus United Kingdom, Europe and USA) The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange http://www.cckf.org/ The scope of their programs includes Chinese cultural heritage, classical studies, the Republic of China, Taiwan area studies, and China-related comparative studies. Grants are made to institutions and individuals, for institutional enhancement, research, conferences and seminars, subsidies for publication, and fellowships for graduate students and post-doctoral research. Cottonwood Foundation http://www.pressenter.com/~cottonwd To promote the empowerment of people, protect the environment, and build respect for cultural diversity. (Geographic Focus United States, international) Compagnia di San Paolo http://www.compagnia.torino.it To support works of public interest and social well being, particularly in the fields of scientific, economic and legal research, education, arts and culture, health; and provide assistance to, and protection of, the less privileged social groups. Computer Associates International, Inc. (CA) http://www.cai.com/charity/ Individual employees, through a corporate giving program and a Matching Charitable Gifts program, distribute support. Grants include worldwide emergency relief, support to create affordable housing, and efforts on behalf of missing and exploited children. Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation http://www.pedaids.org/ The Elizabeth Glazer Pediatric AIDS Foundation is dedicated to identifying, funding, and conducting basic pediatric HIV/AIDS research, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission from mother to newborn, prolonging and improving the lives of children living with HIV, and eradicating HIV from infected children. Eli Lilly and Company (IN) http://www.lilly.com/company/citizenship/ "The direction of the foundation's charitable efforts is evolving in concert with the company's increasing global commitment and transformed business strategy." The Foundation has a number of different funding programs. Through the product donation program, pharmaceuticals are distributed all over the world, largely through the Lilly Cares Patient Assistance Program and the Disaster Assistance and International Relief program Esquel Group Foundation, Inc. http://www.esquel.org/ Esquel Group Foundation, Inc. (EGF) is the US-based member and coordinator for regional programs of the Grupo Esquel Network, a group of nonprofit, non-governmental organizations dedicated to promoting "alternative policies and programs which strengthen the role of civil society" and to promoting sustainable and equitable development in South America. Echoing green foundation http://echoinggreen.org/ Echoing green is a nonprofit foundation that offers full-time fellowships to emerging "social entrepreneurs", and applies a

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venture capital approach to philanthropy by providing seed money and technical support to individuals creating innovative public service organizations or projects with goals of positive social change. Echoing green also provides them with support to help them grow beyond a start-up. The fellowship includes a two-year $60,000 stipend, health care benefits, online connectivity, access to their network of social entrepreneurs, training, and technical assistance. European Science Foundation http://www.esf.org The European Science Foundation promotes high quality science at a European level. It acts as a catalyst for the development of science by bringing together leading scientists and funding agencies to debate, plan and implement pan-European initiatives. The Eurasia Foundation http://www.eurasia.org To assist the twelve Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union to build democratic and free market institutions; to strengthen these institutions by means of an open door grants programme; and to directly manage a limited number of projects designed to encourage professional economic policy research, a small business sector, and financially independent media. European Cultural Foundation http://www.eurocult.org To encourage European cultural co-operation and to promote activities of a pan-European character which encourage social inclusion. EVRIKA Foundation http://www.newteck.bg/evr_hom.htm To promote the development of youth in Bulgaria in the technical, scientific, economic, education and training fields. (Geographic Focus Bulgaria, international ) Fondation Roi Baudouin/Koning Boudewijnstichting http://www.kbs-frb.be To take every initiative which leads towards an improvement in the living conditions of the population, taking into account economic, social, scientific and cultural factors. (Geographic Focus Belgium, Europe and international) The Ford Foundation http://www.fordfound.org To strengthen democratic values, reduce poverty and injustice, promote international co-operation and advance human achievement. (Geographic Focus: USA, Africa, Middle East, Asia, Latin America and Russia) Ford Motor Company Fund (MI) http://www2.ford.com/default.asp?pageid=238 The Ford Motor Company Fund of Detroit, MI was established in 1949 with the goal to "support initiatives and institutions that enhance and/or improve opportunities for those who live in communities where Ford Motor Company operates." Funding is given to organizations that directly impact communities where Ford operates and can be used as models for other communities. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei http://www.feem.it The foundation's activities are guided by four fundamental criteria: • To analyse relevant and innovative research areas • To focus on 'real' world issues • To integrate multi-disciplinary approaches • To create and foster international research networks (Geographic Focus International ) Foundation for the Future http://www.futurefoundation.org/ The Foundation is focused on the long-term survivability of humanity and supports research and symposia whose purpose is to identify the most critical factors that may affect future human life on Earth. The Freedom Forum http://www.freedomforum.org/ Dedicated to "free press, free speech and free spirit for all people," the mission of the Freedom Forum is to help the public and the news media understand one another better. Primary areas of interest include First Amendment rights, journalism education, newsroom diversity, professional development of journalists, media studies and research, and international journalism programs. Freedom House http://www.freedomhouse.org To promote political and economic freedom in the emerging democracies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Under the auspices of the US Agency for International Development's Democracy Network Project, the foundation supports cross-border co-operation and communication among indigenous public policy oriented NGOs in Central and Eastern Europe that promote democratisation, economic development, environmental protection and social safety net restructuring. The Foundation for Microbiology http://www.tiac.net/users/waksman/ "To promote, encourage, and aid scientific research in microbiology; [and] to provide and assist in providing the funds

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and facilities by which scientific discoveries, inventions, and processes in microbiology may be developed." Frameline, Inc. (CA) http://www.frameline.org/ Frameline is dedicated to the exhibition, distribution, promotion and funding of lesbian and gay film and video and presents the annual San Francisco International Lesbian & Gay Film Festival. Frameline's grant program is called the Completion Fund, which helps artists to complete their film and video projects. GE Fund http://www.ge.com/fund/ The GE Fund places education at the crux of its international grantmaking efforts, with support to programs in the areas of science and engineering, pre-college education, public policy, international programs, management, and arts and culture. Global Greengrants Fund (CO) http://www.greengrants.org/ The Fund supports a wide range of community-based initiatives that protect the environment in the most underserved and threatened regions on Earth. Grants are made to pre-selected organizations recommended by regional advisory committees comprised of local environmental leaders who can make the most effective use of the limited resources available in their particular region. German Marshall Fund of the United States http://www.gmfus.org To deepen understanding, promote collaboration and stimulate exchanges of practical experience between Americans and Europeans, particularly those in the national and local policy communities. Gifts In Kind International (VA) http://www.giftsinkind.org/ Gifts In Kind helps businesses to effectively and efficiently donate their products to charities. Its donation programs include Clothe & Comfort, Healthy from the Start, Housing the Homeless, Youth Programs, Emergency Relief, Office Smart, Recycle Technology, and the Retail Donation Partner Program. Global Fund for Women http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/ The mission of the Global Fund for Women is to listen to the concerns of women's groups globally; provide women's groups with financial and other resources; increase support for women's efforts globally; develop and strengthen links among women's groups worldwide; and heighten awareness of the needs and strengths of women. It strives to do this through its support of issues as diverse as literacy, domestic violence, economic autonomy, and the international trafficking of women. Greenville Foundation http://fdncenter.org/grantmaker/grnville/ Grants for international programs are made only through U.S.-based or affiliated nonprofit organizations, and for projects as specifically defined by the Foundation's international and environment programs. Global Environmental Project Institute, Inc. http://www.gepifoundation.org/ This is a grant making foundation that "selects projects or actions that will affect life on this planet for generations to come", in order to fulfill its mission of promoting the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainability of life on earth. Its areas of funding are Environmental Education, Citizen Participation, Sustainable Development, Environmental Advocacy/Wilderness Protection (Northern Rockies only), and International, which is limited to specific proposals solicited by GEPI Hewlett Foundation

http://www.hewlett.org/ The Foundation concentrates its resources on activities in education, performing arts, population, environment, conflict resolution, family and community development, and U.S.-Latin American relations. Although the Hewlett Foundation is a national foundation, with no geographic limit stipulated in its charter, a proportion of disbursable fund has been earmarked for projects in the San Francisco Bay Area. Hewlett Packard - European Grants Program http://webcenter.hp.com/grants/ Today HP is recognized as a philanthropic leader among global corporations. In 1998, we gave $64.8 million in cash and equipment to nonprofit agencies and educational institutions worldwide. Sixty-seven percent went toward improving education. We also support the arts, health and human services, civic groups and environmental organizations. We give donations in nearly all communities around the world in which a large number of our employees live and work. Huron Hunger Fund (HHF) http://www.diohuron.org/hhf/index.htm The Huron hunger Fund (HHF) has ministered to people around the world for almost 30 years. In that time HHF has raised more the $7,500,000 for emergency and development work. So far this year we have raised $280,000. Huron

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continues to be a leading diocese in Canada for raising funds for the Primate's World Relief and Development fund (PWRDF). Hutton Foundation http://www.huttonfoundation.org/ The Foundation supports educational, health and community organizations and acts as a catalyst to encourage development of new programs and services for future generations. Primary areas of focus include education, health and human services, child, youth and family services, arts and culture, women's services, and civic and community development. Funding is primarily awarded to organizations in Orange, Riverside, and Santa Barbara Counties in California, with select international awards. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V. Pitajte na hbs-hr@zamir.net (Hrvatska), h.boell@bih.net.ba (regionalni ured) http://www.boell.de The foundation concentrates on the following activities: • Ecologisation of production, trade and consumption • Promotion of civil society • Defence of human rights • Promotion and protection of art, artists and cultural identity • The promotion of critical media • The replacement of patriarchal structures with gender equality Jimi Hendrix Family Foundation (WA) http://www.jimihendrix.org/ The Jimi Hendrix Family Foundation funds charitable, religious, and educational organizations with programs concentrating on education, inner city assistance, international humanitarian aid, and Christian outreach. J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc. http://www.jpmorgan.com/CorpInfo/CRA/CommunityDevel.html Makes charitable contributions to a wide range of organizations involved in the arts, education, the environment, health and human services, international affairs, and urban affairs through both the J.P. Morgan Charitable Trust and the firm's offices and subsidiaries around the world. Johnson and Johnson n http://www.jnj.com/who_is_jnj/sr_index.html Our program became more worldwide in scope and continued to have a strong impact on health care. In all areas of giving, Johnson & Johnson continued to emphasize programs and activities that assisted mothers and children. These efforts were carefully balanced with the Company's other contributions activities in the fields of health, family, education, employment, the environment, culture and the arts. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation http://www.macfdn.org The development of healthy individuals and effective communities, peace within and among nations, responsible choices about human reproduction, and a global ecosystem capable of supporting healthy human societies The John Templeton Foundation http://www.templeton.org/ "To explore and encourage the relationship between science and religion." The Foundation's programs, which are primarily operating in nature, focus on five areas: spiritual information through science, spirituality and health, free enterprise, character development, and the John Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion. International Service Agencies http://www.charity.org/ International Service Agencies (ISA) is a coalition of the nation's leading international relief and development organizations. ISA's mission is to help people overseas and in the U.S. who suffer from hunger, poverty and disease or from the ravages of war, oppression and natural disasters by raising awareness and funds in the workplace. International Youth Federation (MD) http://www.iyfnet.org/ The International Youth Foundation promotes the positive development of children and youth, ages 5 to 20, around the world by supporting programs that focus on such areas as vocational training, health education, recreation, cultural tolerance, environmental awareness, and the development of leadership, conflict resolution, and decision-making skills. International Youth Foundation http://www.iyfnet.org/ Founded in 1990, works globe wide, supports development, education and life skills, International Center for Research on Women (DC) http://www.icrw.org/ Focuses its funding and activities on women's productive and reproductive roles, family status, leadership in society, and management of environmental resources in developing countries. Funds are primarily available through the Promoting Women in Development (PROWID) Program and the ICRW's Fellows Program, which gives development researchers and practitioners from developing countries the opportunity to spend time in Washington, D.C. to conduct independent research, meet policymakers, and refine their skills in data analysis, computer applications, and program development. Kettering Foundation http://www.kettering.org/ Established in 1927 by inventor Charles F. Kettering, the Kettering Foundation's objective is "to understand the way bodies politic...function or fail to function."

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Kresge Foundation http://www.kresge.org/ Its mission statement is simple: "to promote the well-being of mankind." The Kresge Foundation makes grants to build and renovate facilities, challenge private giving, and build institutional capacity among nonprofits, with goals of strengthening the capacity of charitable organizations to provide effective programs of quality. Kodak Community Affairs http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/community.shtml Primary focus is at our site communities, but also includes national and international support. Focus is on the following general areas: Community Revitalization, Environment, and Arts & Culture: Includes economic development, culture and the arts for programs and organizations. Education: Includes colleges, universities, scholarships and grants for organizations. Health & Human Services: Inclucles organizations and programs. Körber Stiftung ://www.stiftung.koerber.de To support people, promote cross cultural understanding and set examples for the future. Limmat Foundation http://www.limmat.org To act as a bridge between donors and their beneficiaries and to enable donors to realise their common benefit projects around the world. The Maclellan Foundation, Inc. http://www.maclellanfdn.org/ The purpose of the Foundation is "to contribute to and otherwise serve strategic national and international organizations committed to furthering the Kingdom of Christ; to contribute to and otherwise serve select local organizations which foster the spiritual welfare of the community; and to serve by providing financial and leadership resources to extend the Kingdom of God in accordance with the Great Commission." Mutation Research Centre MRC http://www.auscharity.org/mutresce.htm The objectives of our Centre are as follows:- 1. To promote human health and well being through the pursuit of genetic studies, particularly in the study of mutation. 2. To promote the careers of research staff through their research studies. 3. To promote national and international communication in the study of mutations and their detection. 4. To obtain funding to enable the pursuit of research and promotion of technology transfer at the highest possible level. MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger (CA) http://www.shamash.org/soc-action/mazon/funding.html MAZON, named for the Hebrew word for "food," was founded in response to the problem of hunger in the United States and abroad, providing meals and food to elderly Jews, families living in temporary shelter, hungry children; people with AIDS, refugees of international crises, and nonprofits serving these populations. Microsoft Europe http://www.microsoft.com/europe/roadahead To support and implement three core goals: • promote lifelong employability through IT training • provide students and young people with access to new information and communication technologies, and • apply new technological capabilities to solving real life challenges Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/europe/roadahead/ Microsoft's corporate giving programme in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Monagri Foundation http://www.monagri.org.cy To establish an international residential arts centre in Cyprus, which will provide visiting artists with access to the unique cultural and historical environment of the Eastern Mediterranean region. (Geographic Focus Cyprus, international) NAFSA: Association of International Educators http://www.nafsa.org/ NAFSA, a membership organization created in 1948, promotes the international exchange of students and scholars through training workshops and in-service training grants, grants for professionals to travel to NAFSA conferences, and a variety of overseas opportunities. Nathan Cummings Foundation http://www.ncf.org/ International Initiatives The Foundation's approach to grantmaking embodies some basic themes in all of its programs: concern for the poor, disadvantaged, and underserved; respect for diversity; promotion of understanding across cultures; and empowerment of communities in need. Open Society Internet Program http://www.soros.org/internet/intro/objectives_criteria.html The objective of the OSI Internet Program is to provide the benefits of e-mail and full Internet access to individuals and organizations throughout the Soros foundations network and beyond. The goal is to provide access to as many as

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possible at the most reasonable cost, with training in the use of the resource and content development the primary focus in 1998 and beyond. Otto Kinne Foundation http://www.intres.com/eci/okf.html To support young postgraduate scientists in Eastern European countries who conduct environmental research and who have demonstrated a high degree of professional performance. Pearl S. Buck Foundation http://www.pearlbuck.org/international_operations.htm Pearl S. Buck International partners with some of the world’s most disadvantaged children and their families to help them identify their needs and empower them to solve their problems. PSBI does this by either helping families access existing services or through partnerships with local government, community-based organizations and indigenous non-governmental organizations to create appropriate services for them. International Public Welfare Foundation http://www.publicwelfare.org/ The Foundation's wide-ranging interests include community support (homelessness, countering hate-motivated activity and discrimination, immigration and refugees, international human rights, technical assistance to grassroots community development efforts); criminal justice (violence prevention...); the disadvantaged elderly, disadvantaged youth; the environment (global climate change, sustainable development, direct support and technical assistance to grassroots organizations); health (health advocacy and reform); and population and reproductive health (AIDS prevention, education...). Rockefeller Foundation http://www.rockfound.org/ The Foundation focuses its activities in three principal areas: the arts and humanities, equal opportunity and school reform, and international science-based development, which encompasses the agricultural, health, and population sciences, global environment, and several special African initiatives, including female education. RGK Foundation http://www.rgkfoundation.org/ Grants in these three areas support research; conferences, which are designed to enhance information exchange as well as maintain an "interlinkage" among business, academia, community, and government; and programs that promote academic excellence in institutions of higher learning, raise literacy levels, attract minority and women students into the math, science, and technology fields, and promote the well being of children. There are no geographic limitations to their grantmaking. The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International http://www.rotary.org/foundation/ As the philanthropic arm of Rotary International, the Rotary Foundation supports efforts to "achieve world understanding and peace through international humanitarian, educational, and cultural exchange programs." The Foundation sponsors activities in two main areas: the Humanitarian Programs and the Educational Programs. Sasakawa Peace Foundation http://www.spf.org To foster international understanding, exchange and co-operation to contribute to the welfare of mankind, the development of a healthy international society, and the cause of world peace. Suomen Kulttuurirahasto http://www.skr.fi To advance scientific research and the arts through awarding grants and prizes to individual scientists, scholars and artists in Finland. Samuel H. Kress Foundation http://www.shkf.org To preserve European art and train people in art history and art conservation. Social Science Research Council (NY) http://www.ssrc.org/ The international association is devoted to "the advancement of interdisciplinary research in the social sciences...through a wide variety of interdisciplinary workshops and conferences, fellowships and grants, summer training institutes, scholarly exchanges, and publications." Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft e.V. http://www.stifterverband.de To promote science and technology in research and education, stimulate public interest in science and technology and strengthen the non-profit foundation world. Svenska Kulturfonden http://www.kulturfonden.fi/ To develop and strengthen Finno-Swedish cultural life. (Geographic Focus: International) SmithKline Beecham p.l.c. http://www.sb.com/company/community

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SmithKline Beecham recognises its interdependence with its communities world-wide. Through visible and sustained investment of the skills and talents of its people, as well as its products and financial resources, it aims to make a real and measurable contribution to improving standards of health for people wherever SB operates. (Geographic Focus International, where the company operates) Steward R. Mott Charitable Trust http://www.mott.org/ Supports access to service and education, leadership development and advocacy training, primary issues: women's righta, populations growth, population policy, health services. United States Institute of Peace (DC) http://www.usip.org/ Grants support research, education, pilot projects and training, and the dissemination of information on international peace and conflict resolution. The group's two major grant programs are: solicited and unsolicited grants. Volkswagen-Stiftung http://www.volkswagenstiftung.de To support science, the humanities and technology in research and university teaching. The Virtual Foundation http://www.virtualfoundation.org • To help grass-roots groups in developing countries improve the environment, human health and the quality of life in their communities • To allow generous and concerned individuals or groups to support such grass-roots efforts by funding the project of their choice • To personally connect global neighbours using Internet technology. (Geographic Focus: Central Europe, China, the Baltics, Russia, and the other Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union) Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc. http://www.wennergren.org/ The Foundation supports research in all branches of anthropology, including cultural/social anthropology, ethnology, biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, anthropological linguistics, and closely related disciplines concerned with human origins, development, and variation. Wallace Global Fund http://www.wgf.org To catalyse and leverage critically needed progress at national, regional, and global levels towards an equitable and environmentally sustainable society that ensures an enhanced quality of life for all. Wyoming Council for the Humanities http://www.uwyo.edu/special/wch/ The Wyoming Council for the Humanities fosters interaction between the public and humanities scholars on questions related to the "significant dimensions of our existence — personal, social, cultural, and political — from local, national, and international perspectives." World Wildlife Fund http://www.worldwildlife.org/ The World Wildlife Fund, the largest privately supported international conservation organization in the world, directs its conservation efforts toward three global goals: protecting and saving endangered species (e.g., elephants, pandas, rhinos, tigers, whales) and addressing global threats to wildlife (e.g., global warming, worldwide deforestation, overfishing). The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation http://www.woodrow.org/ The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation encourages excellence in education by developing and funding programs that target the needs of new teachers and scholars, that encourage cooperation between academia and other sectors of society, that improve the status and representation of minority groups and women, and that maintain the vitality of teachers.

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Appendix 2 – Glossary of terms a) used by the (independent) funding community ANNUAL REPORT A detailed statement published by a foundation or corporation describing its grant activities. A growing number of foundations and corporations use it to inform the community about contribution activities, policies and guidelines. ASSETS The amount of capital - money, stocks, bonds, real estate or other resources - of the foundation. Generally assets are invested and the income used to make grants. BEQUEST A sum of money made available on the donor’s death. CHALLENGE GRANT A grant made on condition that the funded project has other sources of money, either on a matching basis or via some other formula, usually within a specified period of time. Also called a matching grant. CAPITAL SUPPORT Funds provided for durable goods, those that have an average life of at least three years (automobiles, buildings, furniture and general equipment). CHARITABLE TRUST See Trust. CITIZENS’ ASSOCIATIONS Civic organisations recognised as non-governmental, grant-seeking associations and voluntary organisations. COLLECTIVE PATRON A foundation or association which houses and manages the funds of smaller individual foundations and/or corporate-giving programmes. Examples include Charities Aid Foundation, Fondation de France and the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft. COMMUNITY FOUNDATION An organisation which makes grants limited to a specific locality, such as a city, a county or an estate. Funds are usually derived from many donors and held in an independently administered endowment; income earned by the endowment then being used to make grants. COOPERATIVE VENTURE A joint effort by two or more grant-makers. The partners may share funding responsibilities or contribute information and technical resources. CORE FUNDING Grant request to finance administrative and organisational tasks. CORPORATE FOUNDATION A private foundation whose grant funds are derived primarily from the contributions of a profit-making business organisation. The company-sponsored foundation may maintain close ties with the donor company, but it is an independent organisation with its own endowment and is subject to the same rules and regulations as other private foundations. CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP Corporate citizenship is an approach taken by companies which donate their services and resources to the community in which their plants are located or in which they operate. Companies may invest through the awarding of grants, through promoting volunteer service by their employees, by matching employee gifts to non-profit organisations, through in kind gifts, and even by the loaning or secondment of corporate executive staff. COVENANT An agreement or written promise to pay an agreed sum of money to a designated person at regular intervals over a specified period of time. Where provision is made to donate to a registered charitable organisation, the donor may be entitled to tax benefits. DEFICIT FUNDING Funding which is to be used to finance an excess of expenditure. DIRECT MAIL Write request for a gift distributed and returned by mail. It is not appropriate for all non-profits, but it could be useful to organisations with limited budget or limited popular appeal to broaden their donor base and

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increase their income. DONOR Also called grant-maker. The individual or organisation that makes a grant. EMPLOYEE MATCHING GIFT A contribution to a charitable organisation by a corporate employee which is matched by a similar contribution from the employer. ENDOWMENT Funds intended to be kept permanently and invested to provide income for continued support of an organisation. E-PHILANTHROPY This term describes the variety of methods of giving using the Internet. Many sites have been developed to accept donations in addition to providing information regarding non-profit groups. FUNDING CYCLE The whole process from presentation and revision of the proposal to reporting on results after the decision-making process. GRANT / GRANTEE Award or funding received by an organisation or individual to finance their charitable activities. Those individuals or organisations that receive the grant are called grantees. GRASSROOTS ORGANISATIONS Organisations which usually operate at a local/community level. A grassroots organization is usually, but not exclusively, a service organisation that attempts to foster particular programmes and projects in the local environment in which it is based. GUIDELINES A statement of a foundation to put forward the goals, priorities, criteria and procedures for applying for a grant. IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS A contribution of equipment, supplies or other such property as distinct from a financial grant. Some organisations may elect to donate office space or staff time as a contribution in kind. LETTER OF ENQUIRY Letter outlining an organisation's activities and its request for funding. Sent to a foundation or corporate-giving programme to find out whether it would be appropriate to submit a full grant proposal. Many grant-makers prefer to be contacted initially in this way prior to a full proposal being submitted. LETTER OF REFUSAL/ DECLINATION Letter sent by a foundation or corporate donor to explain why the project was not a awarded a grant. MATCHING SUPPORT Funding which is made to match funds provided by another donor. MULTI-YEAR GRANT Funding that is received in instalments paid as the project is developed. ONE-OFF GRANT Award of a fixed amount of money to fund the whole or a part of a project. OPERATING FOUNDATION Foundations whose primary purpose is to conduct research, social welfare or other programmes determined by its governing body or establishment charter. Some grants may be made, but the sum is generally small relative to the funds used to underwrite the foundation's own programmes. PHILANTHROPY A term used to describe voluntary giving by an individual or a group to promote the common good. It also includes foundations and corporate donors giving programmes to nonprofit organistions. PLEDGE A time payment plan for dues, which allow the donor to pay in several instalments and allow the group to receive more money. A popular renewable source of money is a pledge that is a promise to pay a certain amount of money per time period. PROGRAMME AREA A subject area or topic that a funder has an interest in and provides funding for or has operational interests in (e.g.) medical research, scholarships, the arts). Indicates a donor’s priorities. PROGRAMME OFFICER A staff member of a funder who reviews grant proposals and processes applications for the board of trustees. They are the first people in the selection process.

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PROPOSAL A written document submitted to a foundation or corporate donor explaining the project for which you are looking for funding. SEED MONEY/START-UP SUPPORT A grant or contribution used to start a new project or organisation. Seed grants may cover salaries and other operating expenses of a new project. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS Individuals who engage in social enterprise and draw upon the best thinking in both the business and non-profit worlds in order to advance their social agenda. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Operational or management assistance given to non-profit organisations. It can include fund-raising assistance, budgeting and financial planning, programme planning, legal advice, marketing and other aids to management. Assistance may be offered direct by a foundation or corporate staff member or in the form of a grant to pay for the services of an outside consultant. TRUST (CHARITABLE TRUST) In the United Kingdom, a charitable trust is a trust established with the aim of benefiting the public, e.g. for the advancement of medical research, education or the arts, or the improvement of human welfare. TRUSTEE A member of a governing board. Boards of trustees meet to review grant proposals and make decisions. Often referred to as 'director' or 'board member'. b) used by the European Union’s Youth Programme Some of the terms used are specific to the YOUTH programme or have a specific meaning in European terms. The following are some basic definitions of terminology: Member States – the countries that are members of the European Union (see section B.2). EFTA/EEA countries – the three countries which are members of the European Free Trade Association and of the European Economic Area (see section B.2). Pre-accession (or candidate) countries – countries which have applied for European Union membership and participate fully in all YOUTH Actions (see section B.2). Programme countries – EU Member States, EFTA/EEA countries and pre-accession countries. They can participate fully in all YOUTH Actions (see list of countries in section B.2). International Cooperation with Partner Countries – neither Member States of the European Union, preaccession countries, nor members of EFTA/EEA, i.e. the Mediterranean Partner Countries as well as the countries from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, South East Europe and Latin America listed in section B.3. They can participate in YOUTH projects under Actions 1, 2 and 5, subject to specific criteria and procedures as outlined in chapter H. Mediterranean Partner Countries – the non-EU countries located on or near the Mediterranean Sea, that are participating in the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme (see section B.3). Eastern Europe and Caucasus: Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia Azerbaijan and Armenia Euro-Med – the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme, which involves the EU Member States and Mediterranean Partner Countries. National Agencies – structures established by the national authorities in each Programme country in order to assist the European Commission with management and to assume responsibility for implementation of most of the YOUTH programme (see attached list of contact details). Eurodesk – a European network of relays providing information relevant to young people and those who work with them on European opportunities in the education, training and youth fields, and the involvement of young people in European activities / http://www.eurodesk.org (see attached list of contact details). SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres – SALTO stands for “Support and Advanced Learning and Training Opportunities”. These are structures established within the YOUTH programme to provide training and information for youth organisations and National Agencies / http://www.salto-youth.net/ (see attached list of contact details). National Coordinators – structures established by the national authorities in each Euro-Med partner country in order to facilitate implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme (see attached list

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of contact details). The Partnership – the Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe fosters the active citizenship of young people by giving impetus to training and research activities in this field / http://www.training-youth.net/ (see attached list of contact details). Non-formal education - projects within YOUTH actively involve young people on a voluntary basis and provide them with opportunities to acquire skills and competencies outside formal education and training systems. Even though they are not part of any formal educational curriculum, YOUTH projects are characterised by a carefully planned programme of personal and social education for participants and apply methods of intercultural learning. 6 ENGYO – European non-governmental youth organisation based in one of the Programme countries and with member branches in at least eight Programme countries (legal statutes). Community funding – financial contribution from the YOUTH programme awarded to selected projects.

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Appendix 3

What is the

EUROPEAN DIMENSION

of a local project?

The project’s theme is of European interest

The central theme of the project should reflect a topic of current European interest, such as UE enlargement, European institutions, European projects, European elections, immigration, etc.

The project involve people from different European countries

The project idea is created and developed by a multicultural group of young people (from different countries but legally resident in the country where the project will take place) and it underlines the common European heritage.

The project foster people’s sense of their European citizenship

The project encourage the feeling of belonging to Europe by understanding its role as part of the present and future, e.g. underlining the importance of democracy in the organisation of European society and thus encourage young people to play and active part in its institutions.

The project shows similarities and differences between European countries

The creation of the project should show a comparison of one or several specific issues in different countries around Europe, such as Europe and young people, Europe and employment, Europe through different arts and cultures, cultural diversity in Europe, different realities of European young people, etc.

The project activities promote values of European priority

The main aim of the project could be to promote European priorities or European values such as social inclusion, equal opportunities for men and women, human rights and democracy, care of the environment, respect for other cultures, active participation, youth information, etc.

The project reflects a common concern for European society

The project should focus on any common concern in Europe such as social exclusion, racism, xenophobia and anti-semitism, drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, HIV, etc.

The project is an intercultural learning experience

The project should provide space for mutual understanding between different cultures living in the same local community, such as co-operation between young people from different immigrant backgrounds, e.g. between Roma and non-Roma communities, etc.

The project has partners to develop a network of similar activities in European countries

The project’s approach is applicable to similar contexts and it has European partners to develop the local project into networking activities, e.g. the local project is to create a local newspaper with the idea to develop it into network newspaper with various European countries.

Mobility is an added value of a European project. But a project can have a European dimension even if people don’t move physically. Inspired from Project management T-kit, www.training-youth.net