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GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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ADVERBS and PREPOSITIONS
ADVERBS are words or groups of words telling frequency, manner, place, or
time and primarily used as modifiers of VERBS, ADJECTIVES or other ADVERBS. 012
PREPOSITIONS are usually followed by objects in PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
that can also be used to show duration, frequency, manner, place, reason,
time, or to demonstrate CONTRAST. 013
Whilst many of the common English PREPOSITIONS have related ADVERBS, or
PREPOSITIONAL ADVERBS, there are other types of ADVERB which are often
derived from ADJECTIVES. 014
EXAMPLES
ADVERB: Emily is quite sad.
PREPOSITION: Emily is at home, but her keys are in the hall.
PREPOSITIONAL ADVERB: Emily is standing outside. She is waiting alone. Still
wet from the shower, Tracey threw her keys down to her. Emily could then get
in.
NOTICE: The use of "in" as PREPOSITION and PREPOSITIONAL ADVERB. 015
NOTICE: Do not use an ADVERB as the subject of a PREPOSITION 016
Correct Incorrect
I went somewhere else. I went to somewhere else.
I was still busy late last night. I was still busy at late last
night.
The ship is moored downstream. The ship is moored in
downstream.
John got home yesterday. John came to home on
yesterday.
His office was moved downtown. His office was moved to
downtown.
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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NOTICE: When "Downtown" is used as a noun, the second example is correct.
Take care with words such as "home", "downtown", "today", "last night",
"next week" and so on, as they can be used as both ADVERBS and NOUNS. 017
ADVERB NOUN
She will return tomorrow. They say that tomorrow is
another day.
She went home alone last night. Where is her home?
You should go to see her next week. Next week is my vacation.
ADVERBS
ADVERB POSITIONS
Where an ADVERB modifies either an ADJECTIVE ["quite careless"] or another
ADVERB ["quite carelessly"], it appears immediately before the word it is
modifying. 018
Where an ADVERB modifies a VERB the positioning can be quite versatile, but
its positions within the sentence can change its meaning: 019
"Softly she whispered to the child." [Keeping her voice down so that she did
not disturb other people]
"She whispered softly to the child." [Keeping her voice down to soothe the
child or not to disturb it]
"She softly whispered to the child." [Describes the type of whisper she used]
ADVERB FUNCTIONS
Frequency: "frequently", "often", "rarely", "sometime".
Manner: "happily", "quickly", "slowly", "unwillingly".
Place: "anywhere", "everywhere", "here", "nowhere", "over there", "there".
Time: "today", "tomorrow", "yesterday", "the day after".
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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FREQUENCY ADVERBS
The most common frequency adverbs in English are:
Always
Frequently
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Seldom
Rarely
Never
100% of the time
about 90% of the time
about 80% of the time
about 70% of the time
about 50% of the time
about 40% of the time
about 20% of the time
about 10% of the time
00% of the time
Note: The percentages here are rough estimates and should be used for
guidance only.
FREQUENCY ADVERBS can be placed at various points in the sentence, but are
most commonly used before the main VERBS and after "be" VERBS. 020
I always come to work on time.
They are seldom home when we call.
He's usually eating breakfast at this time.
She's never been to Dublin.
A: Do you come here often?
B: No. I'm here occasionally.
A: What do you usually do here?
B: Sometimes I just sit and ponder the meaning of life.
Note: The adverbs seldom, rarely, never and hardly ever are considered
negative.
A: Do you always carry a briefcase?
B: (Yes,) I usually do.
No, not usually.
No, I rarely do.
No, I hardly ever do.
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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Other FREQUENCY ADVERBS and EXPRESSIONS are as follows:
Every day/week/month
Every other day/week
Once a week/month/year
Twice a year/day, etc.
(Every) once in a while
Every so often
These expressions are used at the beginning and end of sentences, not before
main VERBS. 021
Every once in a while I visit my grandmother in Minnesota.
I visit my grandmother in Minnesota every once in a while.
I every once in a while visit my grandmother in Minnesota. (Incorrect)
Regularly
Normally
Traditionally
(according to schedule)
(commonly nowadays)
(commonly in the past)
These words can come at various points in the sentence. 022
I regularly floss my teeth.
I floss my teeth regularly.
Traditionally, that was considered child's play.
I normally get up around 6 o'clock.
Normally, I get up around 6 o'clock.
ADVERBS OF MANNER (HOW?)[COMO?]
absolutely [’ӕbsəlu:tlı] absolutamente
almost [’ɔ:lməƱst] quase
alone [ə’ləƱn] só
barely [beə’lı] quase não
carefully [’keəflı] cuidadosamente
fast [fɑ:st] jejeur
hard [hɑ:d] muito, intensamente
hardly [’hɑ:dlı] mal, dificilmente, a custo
mostly [məƱstlı] sobretudo
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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pretty [’prıtı] bastante
quickly [kwıklı] rapidamente, depressa
quite [kwɑıt] completamente, absolutamente; bastante
really [’rıəlı] realmente, na verdade
slowly [sləƱlı] devagar, lentamente, vagarosamente
together [tə’ge∂ə] junto, juntamente, juntos
very [’verı] muito
well [wel] bem
ADVERBS OF PLACE (WHERE?) [ONDE?]
(Note: Do not use these with "to.")
(Nota: Não use estas com "to")
anywhere [’enıweə] em qualquer parte; em parte [alguma/nehuma
away [ə’weı] longe; para longe; fora; sem para; completamente
back* [bӕk] atrás, para trás; de volta
downtown* [’dɑƱntɑƱn] o centro da cidade
everywhere [’evrıweə] em tudo lugar, em toda parte; a todo lugar, a toda
parte
here [hıə] aqui
home* [hƱəm] em casa
nowhere [nəƱweə] em lugar nenhum, em lado nehum; a lado nenhum, a parte
nenhum
out [ɑƱt] fora; apagado; aberto, desabrochado, em flor; baixo
over there [’əƱvə ∂eə] lá, acolá
there [∂eə] aí, ali, lá
*These are also used as nouns and sometimes adjectives.
*Estes também são usados como substantivos e adjetivos, às vezes.
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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ADVERBS OF TIME (WHEN?) [QUANDO?]
already [ɔ:l’redı] já
immediately [ımı:dıətlı] imediamente
last night [lɑ:st nɑıt] a noite passada, ontem à noite
lately [’leıtlı] nos últimos tempos, ultimamente
later [leıtə] tarde
next week [nekst wı:k] a próxima semana
now [nɑƱ] agora
recently [rısntlı] recentemente
right now [rɑıt nɑƱ] agora mesmo
soon [su:n] em breve, dentro em pouco, daqui a pouco; cedo
still [stıl] ainda; apesar disso, apesar de tudo
then [∂en] então, nessa altura; depois, em seguida; nessa caso, portanto, por
conseguinte
this morning [∂ıs ’mɔ:nıŋ] esta manhã
today [tə’deı] hoje
tomorrow [tə’mɒrəƱ] amanhã
tonight [tənɑıt] hoje à noite, logo ànoite, esta noite
yesterday [’jestədeı] ontem
yet [jet] ainda
. . . ago [ə’gəƱ] há
ADVERB FORMS
Many ADVERBS, particularly MANNER ADVERBS, can be formed by adding "-
ly" to an adjective ["dependably", "easily", "happily", "quickly", "slowly",
"willingly"], however, not every word that ends "-ly" is an ADVERB [ to be
"friendly", to be "neighbourly"] and there are many common ADVERBS which
do not end "-ly" ["almost", "just", "still", "not"]. 023
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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ADVERBS versus ADJECTIVES
Sometimes a word can be both and ADVERB and an ADJECTIVE. To tell the
difference in use, it is important to considered the context and function of the
word within the sentence. 024
"The fast train to Cardiff leaves Paddington at three o'clock."
Here, "fast" is an ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE, modifying the noun "train", which
follows it in the sentence structure.
"The train took the curve too fast."
Here, "too fast" is an ADVERB which modifies the VERB "to take".
"The bed was hard and the Princess got no sleep at all."
Here, "hard" is a PREDICTIVE ADJECTIVE following the VERB "to be" but still
modifying a NOUN, in this case "the bed".
"Tripping over his feet, Oscar fell, hitting the ground hard."
Here the ADVERB "hard" modifies the VERB "to hit".
The COMPARATIVE INFLECTION "-er" and SUPERLATIVE INFLECTION "-est"
combine with both ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES, although to a lesser degree. To
make the COMPARATIVE FORM of "-ly" adverbs add "more" before the word
and not "-er" to the end. Because it is comparatively unusual, the
SUPERLATIVE FORM which adds "most" before the word and retains the "-ly"
ending, becomes the focus or stress of the sentence and draws attention to
the emphasis. 025
"I was most favourably impressed by your appearance."
Below is a list of ADVERBS and you can use them to create these forms.
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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ADVERB LIST A
aboard [ə’bɔ:d] a bordo
abnormally [ӕb’nɔ:mlı] exceptionalmente
about [ə’bɑƱt] aproximadamente, cerca de; aqui e ali
abroad [ə’brɔ:d] no estrangeiro
absentmindedly [’ӕbsənt mɑındıdlı] distraidamente
absolutely [’ӕbsəlu:tlı] absolutamente
abundantly [ə’bʌndəntlı] abundantemente
accidentally [’ӕksı’dəntəlı] acidentalmente
accordingly [ə’kɔ:dıŋglı] por conseguinte, por consequência
actively [’ӕktıvlı] ativamente
actually [’ӕkʧƱəlı] na realidade
acutely [ə’kju:tlı] vivamente
admiringly [əd’mɑıərıŋglı] admiradoramente
affectionately [ə’fekʃənətlı] afetuosamente, carinhosamente
affirmatively [ə’fɜ:mətıvlı] afirmativamente
after [ɑ:ftə] depois
afterwards [ɑ:ftəwədz] depois, mais tarde
agreeably [ə’grı:əblı] agradavelmente
almost [’ɔ:lməƱst] quase
already [ɔ:lredı] já
always [’ɔ:lweız] sempre
amazingly [ə’meızıŋglı] espantosamente
angrily [’ӕŋgrılı] iradamente, furiosamente
annoyingly [ə’nɔıŋglı] irritantemente
annually [’ӕnjƱəlı] anualmente
anxiously [’ӕŋkʃəslı] ansiosamente
anyhow [’ənıhɑƱ] de qualquer modo; de qualquer maneira, ao acaso; em
todo o caso
anyplace [’ənıpleıs] em qualquer lugar anyway [’ənıweı] de qualquer modo
anywhere [’ənıweə] em qualquer lugar
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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appreciably [ə’prı:ʃəblı] apreciavelmente
appropriately [ə’prəƱprıeıtlı] apropriadamente
around [ə’rɑƱnd] em redor, em volta; por aí
arrogantly [’ӕrəgəntlı] arrogantemente
aside [ə’sɑıd] de lado, de parte
assuredly [ə’ʃƱərədlı] seguramente, certamente, sem dúvida
astonishingly [ə’stɒnıʃıŋglı] espantosamente, surpreendentemente
astoundingly [ə’stɑƱndıŋglı] espantosamente; assustadoramente
away [ə’weı] longe; para longe; fora; sem parar
awfully [’ɔ:flı] terrivelmente
awkwardly [’ɔ:kwədlı] desajeitadamente
B
badly [bӕdlı] mal; gravemente
barely [’beəlı] apenas, mal
bashfully [’bӕʃflı] timidamente
beautifully [’bju:tıflı] belamente, lindamente
before [bı’f ɔ:] antes
begrudgingly [bı’grʌʤıŋglı] contragosto
believably [bı’lıvəblı] convincentemente, crível
bewilderedly [bı’wıldədlı] confusamente
bewilderingly [bı’wıldərıŋglı] desconcertantemente
bitterly [’bıtəlı] amargamente
bleakly [blı:klı] desertamente
blindly [blɑındlı] às cegas
blissfully [blıs’fəlı] alegremente
boastfully [bəƱst’fəlı] vaidosamente
boldly [bəƱldlı] audaciosamente, corajosamente
boyishly [bɔı’ıʃlı] como menino
bravely [breıvlı] bravamente, corajosamente
briefly [brı:flı] brevemente
brightly [brɑıtlı] brilhantemente
brilliantly [’brılıəntlı] brilhantemente
briskly [brısklı] vivamente
brutally [’bru:tlı] brutalmente
busily [’bızılı] ativamente, atarefadamente
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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C
calmly [kɑ:mlı] calmamente
candidly [’kӕndıdlı] candidamente
carefully [’keəflı] (or[’keəfəlı]) cuidadosamente
carelessly [’keəlıslı] descuidadamente
casually [’kӕӡəƱlı] casualmente
cautiously [’kɔ:ʃəslı] cautelosamente
certainly [’sə:tnlı] certamente, com certeza
charmingly [ʧɑ:mıŋglı] encantadoramente
cheerfully [ʧıə’fəlı] alegremente
chiefly [ʧı:flı] principalmente
childishly [ʧɑıdıʃflı] infantilmente
cleanly [klı:nlı] limpamente
clearly [klıəlı] claramente
cleverly [’klevəlı] inteligentemente
closely [kleƱslı] de perto
cloudily [klɑƱdılı] como uma nuvem
clumsily [’klʌmsəlı] desajeitadamente
coaxingly [kəƱksıŋglı] persuasivamente
coincidentally [kəƱ’ınsıdentəlı] coincidentemente
coldly [kəƱldlı] friamente
colourfully [’kʌləf] de forma colorida
commonly [’kɒmənlı] frequentemente, geralmente
comfortably [’kʌmfətəblı] confortavelmente
compactly [kəm’pӕktlı] compactamente
compassionately [kəm’pӕʃnətlı] compassivamente
completely [kəm’plı:tlı] completamente
confusedly [kən’fju:sədlı] confusamente
consequently [’kɒnsıkwəntlı] conseqüentemente
considerably [kən’sıdərəblı] consideravelmente
considerately [kən’sıdərətlı] atentamente
consistently [kən’sıstəntlı] consistentemente
constantly [’kɒnstəntlı] constantemente
continually [kən’tınjƱəlı] continuamente
continuously [kən’tınjƱəslı] continuamente
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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coolly [’ku:llı] calmamente
correctly [kə’rek] corretamente
courageously [kə’reıʤəslı] corajosamente
covertly [kəƱ’vɜ:tlı] cobertamente, dissimuladamente
crazily [’kreızılı] loucamente
crossly [krɒslı] iradamente
crudely [kru:dlı] cruamente; grosseiramente
cruelly [krƱəlı] cruelmente
cunningly [’kʌnıŋglı] astuciosamente
curiously [’kjƱərıəslı] curiosamente
currently [’kʌrəntlı] atualmente
D
daily [’deılı] diariamente, todos os dias
daintily [’deıntılı] delicadamente
dangerously [’deınʤərəslı] perigosamente
daringly [’deərıŋglı] atrevidamente
darkly [’dɑ:klı] sombriamente
dastardly [’dɑ:stədlı] malvadamente
dearly [dıəlı] muito; caro
decently [’dı:snt] decentemente
deeply [dı:plı] profundamente
defiantly [dı’fɑıəntlı] desafiadoramente
deftly [deftlı] destramente, habilmente
deliberately [dı’lıbərətlı] deliberadamente
delicately [’delıkətlı] delicadamente
delightfully [dı’lɑıtfəlı] deliciosamente; belamente
densely [denslı] densamente
diagonally [dɑıӕgənlı] diagonalmente
differently [’dıfrəntlı] diferentemente
diligently [’dılıʤəntlı] diligentemente
dimly [dımlı] fracamente; vagamente
directly [dı’rektlı] diretamente; imediatamente, logo
discordantly [’dıskɔ:dəntlı] discordantemente
divisively [dı’vɑısıvlı] divisoramente
docilely [dəƱsɑılı] docilmente
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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dopily [dəƱpılı] estupidamente
doubtfully [dɑƱtfəlı] duvidosamente
down [dɑƱn] abaixo, para baixo; em baixo
dramatically [drə’mӕtık] dramaticamente
dreamily [drı:mılı] sonhadoramente
E
eagerly [’ı:gəlı] ansiosamente
early [’ɜ:lı] cedo
earnestly [’ɜ:nıstlı] sinceramente
easily [’ı:zılı] facilmente
efficiently [ı’fıʃntlı] eficientemente
effortlessly [’efətləslı] facilmente, sem esforço
elaborately [ı’lӕbərətlı] elaboradamente
elegantly [’elıgəntlı] elegantemente
eloquently [’eləkwəntlı] eloquentemente
elsewhere [elsweə] noutro lado
emotionally [ı’məƱʃnlı] emocionalmente
endlessly [’endlıslı] interminavelmente
enduringly [ın’djƱərıŋlı] duravelmente
energetically [enə’etıklı] energicamente
enjoyably [ın’ʤɔıəblı] agradavelmente
enormously [ı’nɔ:məslı] enormemente
enough [ı’nʌf] bastante, suficiente
enthusiastically [ın’Өju:zıӕstıklı] entusiasticamente
entirely [ın’tɑıəlı] inteiramente
equally [’ıkwəlı] igualmente
especially [ı’speʃlı] especialmente
essentially [ı’senʃlı] essencialmente
eternally [ı’tɜ:nlı] eternamente
ethically [’eӨıklı] eticamente
even [’ı:vn] mesmo
evenly [’ı:vnlı] uniformemente
eventually [ı’venʧƱəlı] por fim; eventualmente
ever [’evə] jamais
GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001
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everywhere [’evrıweə] em todo lugar, em toda parte; a todo lugar, a todo
parte
evidently [’evıdəntlı] evidentemente
evocatively [ı’vɒkətıvlı] evocativamente
exactly [ıg’zӕktlı] exatamente
exceedingly [ık’sı:dıŋlı] extremamente, extraordinariamente
exceptionally [ık’sepʃənlı] excepcionalmente
excitedly [ık’sɑıtədlı] excitadamente, animadamente
exclusively [ıklu:sıvlı] exclusivamente
explicitly [ık’splısıtlı] explicitamente
expressly [ık’spreslı] expressamente
extensively [ık’stensıvlı] extensivamente
externally [ık’stɜ:nlı] exteriormente
extra [’ekstrə] extra, excepcionalmente
extraordinarily [’ekstrɔ:’dınӕrılı] extraordinariamente
extremely [ık’strı:mlı] extremamente
F
fairly [feəlı] razoavelmente
faithfully [’feıӨflı] atenciosamente
famously [’feıməslı] famosamente
far [fɑ:] longe
fashionably [’fӕʃnəblı] elegantemente, à moda
fast [fɑ:st] depressa; firmemente
fatally [’feıtlı] fatalmente, mortalmente
favourably [’feıvərəblı] favoravelmente
ferociously [ə’rəƱʃəslı] ferozmente
fervently [’fɜ:vəntlı] fervorosamente
fiercely [fıəslı] ferozmente
finally [’fɑınəlı] finalmente
financially [fɑınӕnʃlı] financeiramente
finitely [’fɑınɑıtlı] finitamente
fluently [’flu:əntlı] fluentemente
fondly [fɒndlı] afetuosamente
foolishly [’fu:lıʃlı] tolamente
forever [fə’revə] constantemente, para sempre
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formally [’fɔ:mlı] formalmente
formerly [’fɔ:məlı] antigamente
fortunately [’fɔ:ʧənətlı] afortunadamente
forwards [’fɔ:wədz] para a frente, para diante
frankly [frӕŋklı] francamente
frantically [’ frӕntıklı] freneticamente
freely [frı:lı] livremente
frequently [’ frı:kwəntlı] freqüentemente
frenetically [frənətıklı] freneticamente
fully [fƱlı] totalmente
furiously [’ fjƱərıəslı] furiosamente
furthermore [fɜ:∂ə’mɔ:] além disso
G
generally [’ʤenrəlı] geralmente
generously [’ʤenərəslı] generosamente
genially [’ʤı:nıəlı] cordialmente, jovialmente
gently [’ʤentlı] suavemente
genuinely [’ʤenjƱınlı] genuinamente
girlishly [gɜ:lıʃlı] como menina
gladly [glӕdlı] alegremente, com prazer, com boa vontade
gleefully [glı:fəlı] alegremente
gracefully [greısfəlı] graciosamente
graciously [’ greıʃəslı] graciosamente, de forma generosa
gradually [’ grӕʤƱəlı] gradualmente
gratefully [’ greıtfəlı] agradecidamente, gratamente
greatly [greıtlı] grandemente
greedily [grı:dılı] avidamente
grimly [grımlı] sombriamente, severamente
grudgingly [grʌʤıŋlı] reluantemente, contragosto
H
habitually [həbıtʃƱəlı] habitualmente
half-heartedly [hɑ:f ’hɑ:tədlı] indiferentemente, sem entusiasmo
handily [’hӕndılı] acessìvel, com folga
handsomely [’hӕnsəmlı] generosamente
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haphazardly [’hӕp’hӕzəd] atropeladamente
happily [’hӕpılı] com satisfação
hardly [’hɑ:dlı] mal, dificilmente, a custo
harmoniously [’hɑ:məƱnıəslı] harmoniosamente
harshly [hɑ:ʃlı] asperamente
hastily [’heıstılı] apressadamente
hatefully [heıtfəlı] odiosamente
hauntingly [hɔ:ntıŋlı] assombrosamente
healthily [helӨılı] saudavelmente
heartily [hɑ:tılı] vivamente
heavily [’hevılı] pesadamente; desalmadamente
helpfully [helpfəlı] prestativamente
hence [hens] a partir desta altura; daí, por isso
highly [’hɑılı] altamente, extremamente
hitherto [hı∂ə’tu:] até agora, até à data
honestly [’ɒnıstlı] honestamente
hopelessly [həƱpləslı] desesperadamente, irremediavelmente
horizontally [hɒrı’zɒntlı] horizontalmente
hourly [’ɑƱəlı] de hora em hora
how [hɑƱ] como
however [hɑƱ’evə] de qualquer maneira
hugely [hju:ʤlı] enormemente
humorously [’hju:mərəslı] humoristicamente
hungrily [’hʌŋgrılı] com fome, avidamente
hurriedly [’hʌrıdlı] apressadamente, às pressas
hysterically [hı’sterıklı] histericamente
I
icily [ɑısılı] friamente
identifiably [ɑı’dentıfɑıəblı] identificavelmente
idiotically [’ıdıɒtıklı] idiotamente
imaginatively [ı’mӕʤınətıvlı] imaginativamente
immeasurably [ı’meӡərəblı] incomensuravelmente
immediately [ı’mı:dıətlı] imediatamente
immensely [ı’menslı] imensamente
impatiently [ım’peıʃəntlı] impacientemente
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impressively [ım’presıvlı] impressivament
inappropriately [ınə’prəƱprıətlı] inadequadamente, impropriamente
incessantly [ın’sesəntlı] incessantemente
incorrectly [ınkə’rektlı] incorretamente
indeed [ın’dı:d] realmente, deveras, mesmo; de fato
independently [ındı’pendəntlı] independentemente
indoors [ın’dɔ:z] dentro de casa, no interior
indubitably [ın’djƱbıtəblı] indubitavelmente
inevitably [ın’evıtəblı] inevitavelmente
infinitely [’ınfınətlı] infinitamente
informally [ın’fɔ:məlı] informalmente, sem cerimônia
infrequently [ın’frı:kwəntlı] raramente
innocently [’ınəsəntlı] inocentemente
inquisitively [ın’kwızətıvlı] curiosamente, de maneira inquisitiva
instantly [’ınstəntlı] imediatamente, logo
intelligently [ın’telıʤəntlı] inteligentemente
intensely [ın’tenslı] intensamente
intently [ın’tentlı] atentamente
interestingly [’ıntrəstıŋlı] curiosamente, de forma interessante, de maneira
interessante
intermittently [ıntə’mıtntlı] intermitentemente
internally [ın’tɜ:nəlı] internamente, interiormente
invariably [ın’veərıəblı] invariavelmente
invisibly [ın’vızıblı] invisivelmente
inwardly [’ınwədlı] interiormente, intimamente
ironically [ɑı’rɒnıklı] ironicamente
irrefutably [ırıfju:təblı] irrefutavelmente
irritably [’ırıtəblı] de maneira irritável
J
jaggedly [’ʤӕgıdlı] denteadamente
jauntily [’ʤɔ:ntılı] alegremente
jealously [’ʤeləslı] ciumentamente
jokingly [’ʤəƱk ıŋlı] jocosamente
jovially [’ʤəƱvıəlı] jovialmente
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joyfully [ʤɔıfəlı] jovialmente, alegremente
joylessly [ʤɔılıslı] tristemente
joyously [ʤɔıəslı] jovialmente, alegremente
jubilantly [’ʤu:bılntlı] jubilantemente
judgmentally [ʤʌʤmentəlı] criticamente
just [ʤʌst] justamente, exatamente
justly [ʤʌstlı] com justiça, justamente
K
keenly [kı:nlı] vivamente
kiddingly [kıdıŋlı] jocosamente
kind-heartedly [kɑınd hɑ:tədlı] bondosamente
kindly [kɑındlı] amavelmente
knavishly [neıvıʃlı] enganosamente
knowingly [nəƱwıŋlı] com ar conhecedor; conscientemente
knowledgeably [’nɒlıʤəblı] inteligentemente, com conhecimento
L
lastly [lɑ:stlı] finalmente, em último lugar
late [leıt] tarde
lately [’leıtlı] nos últimos tempos, ultimamente
later [leıtə] tarde
lazily [leızılı] preguiçosamente
less [les] menos
lightly [lɑıtlı] leve, levemente, ligeiramente
likely [lɑıklı] provavelmente
limply [lımplı] molemente
lithely [lɑı∂lı] flexivelmente
loftily [lɒftılı] arrogantemente
longingly [lɒŋıŋlı] ardentemente
loosely [lu:slı] sem apertar; vagamente
loudly [lɑƱdlı] ruidosamente
lovingly [’lʌvıŋlı] amorosamente
loyally [’lɔıəlı] lealmente
luckily [’lʌkəlı] felizmente
luxuriously [lʌg’ӡƱərıəslı] luxuosamente
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M
madly [mӕdlı] loucamente
magically [’mӕʤıklı] mágicamente
mainly [meınlı] principalmente, sobretudo
majestically [mə’ʤestıklı] majestosamente
markedly [mɑ:kıdlı] manifestamente, visivelmente
materially [mə’tıərıəlı] materialmente
meaningfully [’mı:nıŋfəlı] significativamente
meanly [mı:nlı] mesquinhamente
meantime [’mı:ntɑım] entretanto
meanwhile [’mı:nwɑıl] entretanto
mechanically [mı’kӕnıklı] mecanicamente
medically [’medıklı] medicamente
menacingly [’menəsıŋlı] ameaçadoramente
merely [mıəlı] meramente, simplesmente, apenas
merrily [’merılı] alegremente, jovialmente
methodically [mı’Өɒdıklı] metodicamente
mightily [mɑıtılı] poderosamente
miserably [’mızrəblı] miseravelmente
mockingly [’mɒkıŋlı] zombeteiramente
monthly [’mʌnӨlı] mensalmente
morally [’mɒrəlı] moralmente
more [mɔ:] mais
moreover [mɔ:’əƱvə] além disso, de mais a mais
mortally [’mɔ:təlı] mortalmente
mostly [məƱstlı] sobretudo
much [mʌʧ] muito
mysteriously [mı’stıərıəslı] misteriosamente
N
nastily [’nɑ:stılı] desagradavelmente, maldosamente, sordidamente
naturally [’nӕʧrəlı] naturalmente
naughtily [nɔ:tılı] desobedientemente
nearby [’nıəbɑı] próximo, perto
nearly [’nıəlı] quase, por pouco
neatly [nı:tlı] com cuidado; habilmente
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negatively [’negətıvlı] negativamente
nervously [’nɜ:vəslı] nervosamente
never [’nevə] nunca
nevertheless [nevə∂ə’les] contudo, no entanto
next [nekst] a seguir; ao lado de
nicely [nɑıslı] agradavelmente
nightly [’nɑıtlı] de noite, à noite, todas as noites
noisily [nɔ:zılı] ruidosamente
normally [’nɔ:məlı] normalmente
not [nɒt] não
now [nɑƱ] agora
nowadays [’nɑƱədeız] hoje em dia, presentemente, atualmente
numbly [nʌmlı] entorpecidamente
O
obediently [ə’bı:dıəntlı] obedientemente
obligingly [ə’blɑıʤıŋlı] amavelmente
obnoxiously [əbnɒkʃəslı] odiosamente
obviously [’ɒbvıəslı] obviamente
occasionally [ə’keıӡən] de vez em quando, ocasionalmente
oddly [ɒdlı] de modo estranho
offensively [ə’fensıvlı] ofensivamente
officially [ə’fıʃlı] oficialmente
often [’ɒfn] muitas vezes
ominously [’ɒmınəslı] ominosamente
once [wʌns] uma vez; noutro(s) tempo(s)
only [’əƱnlı] apenas, só, somente
openly [’əƱpənlı] abertamente
optimistically [ɒpı’mıstıklı] com otimismo
ordinarily [’ɔ:dınərılı] ordinariamente
outdoor(s) [’ɑƱ tdɔ:(z)] fora de casa, ao ar livre
outrageously [ɑƱ t’reıʤəslı] escandalosamente
outwardly [’ɑƱ twədlı] exteriormente
outwards [’ɑƱ twədz] para o exterior
overbearingly [əƱv’beərıŋlı] dominantemente
overseas [əƱvəsı:z] no ultramar
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P
painfully [peınfəlı] dolorosamente
painlessly [peınlıslı] de forma indolor
paradoxically [’pӕrədɒksıklı] paradoxalmente
partially [’pɑ:ʃəlı] parcialmente
particularly [pə’tıkjƱləlı] em especial, particularmente
passionately [’pӕʃnətlı] apaixonadamente
patiently [’peıʃntlı] pacientemente
perfectly [’pɜ:fıktlı] perfeitamente
periodically [pıərı’ɒdıklı] periodicamente
perpetually [pə’peʧƱəlı] perpetuamente
persistently [pə’sıstntlı] persistentemente
personally [’pɜ:sənlı] pessoalmente
persuasively [pə’sweısıvlı] persuasivamente
physically [’fızıklı] fisicamente
plainly [pleınlı] claramente; francamente
playfully [’pleıfəlı] divertidamente
poetically [pəƱetk] poeticamente
poignantly [’pɔınjəntlı] pungentemente
politely [pe’lɑıtlı] educadamente
poorly [pƱəlı] mal
positively [’pɒzətıvlı] positivamente, completamente
possibly [’pɒsıblı] possivelmente, talvez
potentially [pə’tenʃəlı] potencialmente
powerfully [’pɑƱəfəlı] poderosamente
presently [’prezntlı] presentemente; atualmente
presumably [prı’zju:məblı] provavelmente, presumivelmente
prettily [’prıtılı] bastante; lindamente
previously [’prı:vıəslı] antes, anteriormente
primly [prımlı] afetadamente; melindrosamente
principally [’prınsəplı] principalmente
probably [’prɒbəblı] provavelmente
promptly [prɒmptlı] prontamente, pontualmente
properly [’prɒpəlı] corretamente; com razão, acertadamente; propriamente
proudly [prɑƱdlı] orgulhosamente
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punctually [’pʌnkʧƱəlı] pontualmente
puzzlingly [’pʌzlıŋlı] como em um quebra-cabeça
Q
quaintly [kweıntlı] caprichosamente
queasily [’kwı:zılı] nauseabundamente
questionably [’kwesʧənəblı] questionavelmente
questioningly [’kwesʧənıŋlı] interrogativamente
quicker [kwıkə] depressa
quickly [kwıklı] rapidamente, depressa
quietly [’kwɑıətlı] sossegadamente, silenciosamente
quirkily [kwɜ:kılı] singularmente
quite [kwɑıt] completamente, absolutamente; bastante
quizzically [’kwızıklı] zombeteiramente
R
randomly [’rӕndəmlı] aleatoriamente
rapidly [’rӕpıdlı] rapidamente
rarely [reəlı] raramente, raras vezes
readily [’redılı] de boa vontade, prontamente; facilmente
really [’rılı] realmente, na verdade
reasonably [’rı:znəblı] razoavelmente
reassuringly [rı:ə’ʃƱərıŋlı] de maneira tranquilizadora
recently [’rı:sntlı] recentemente
recklessly [’reklıslı] imprudentemente
regularly [’regjƱləlı] regularmente
reliably [rı’lɑıəblı] confiantemente
reluctantly [rı’lʌktəntlı] contragosto, relutantemente
remarkably [rı’mɑ:kəblı] notavelmente; consideravelmente
repeatedly [rı’pı:tıdlı] reptidas vezes, repetidamente
reproachfully [rı’prəƱʧfəlı] reprovadoramente
responsibly [rı’spɒnsəblı] responsavelmente
resentfully [rı’zentfəlı] ressentidamente
respectably [rı’spektəblı] respeitavelmente
respectfully [rı’spektə] respeitosamente
respectively [rı’spektıvlı] respectivamente
restfully [’restfəlı] tranqüilamente
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richly [rıʧlı] ricamente
ridiculously [rı’dıkjƱləslı] ridiculamente
righteously [’rɑıʧəslı] merecidamente
rightfully [rɑıtfəlı] legitimamente, por direito
rightly [rɑıtlı] devidamente, corretamente; justificadamente
rigidly [’rıʤıdlı] rigidamente
roughly [rʌflı] asperamente, rudemente; aproximadamente
routinely [ru:’tı:nlı] rotineiramente
rudely [ru:dlı] rudemente
ruthlessly [’ru:Өlıslı] impiedosamente, desapiedadamente
S
sadly [sӕdlı] tristemente; infelizmente
safely [’seıflı] em segurança
scarcely [skeəslı] mal, apenas
scarily [skeərılı] assustadoramente
scientifically [’sɑıən’tıfıklı] cientificamente
searchingly [sɜ:ʧıŋlı] perscrutadoramente
secretively [’sı:krətıvlı] secretamente
securely [sı’kjƱəlı] solidamente, em segurança
sedately [sı’deıtlı] descansadamente, serenamente
seemingly [sı:mıŋlı] aparentemente, ao que parece
seldom [’seldəm] raras vezes, raramente, raro
seldomly [’seldəmlı] raramente
selfishly [’selfıʃlı] egoisticamente
selflessly [’selflıslı] desinteressadamente
separately [’seprətlı] separadamente, em separado
seriously [’sıərıəslı] seriamente, gravemente
shakily [’ʃeıkılı] tremulamente
shamelessly [ʃeımlıslı] desavergonhadamente, descaradamente
sharply [ʃɑ:plı] rispidamente; de respente
sheepishly [’ʃı:pıʃlı] timidamente
shoddily [’ʃɒdılı] mal
shortly [ʃɔ:tlı] em breve, dentro em pouco
shrilly [ʃrılı] estridentemente
shyly [ʃɑılı] timidamente
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significantly [sıg’nıfıkəntlı] significativamente
silently [’sɑıləntlı] silenciosamente
simply [’sımplı] simplesmente
sincerely [sınsıəlı] sinceramente
singularly [’sıŋgjƱləlı] singularmente
skilfully [’skılfəlı] habilmente
sleepily [’slı:pılı] sonhadoramente
slightly [slɑıtlı] ligeiramente, um pouco
slowly [sləƱlı] devagar, lentamente, vagarosamente
slyly [slɑılı] intencionalmente, maliciosamente
smoothly [smu:∂lı] lisamente
so [səƱ] tão, de tal modo; assim, deste modo
softly [sɒftlı] suavemente; quietamente
solely [səƱlı] unicamente
solemnly [’sɒləmlı] solenemente
solicitously [sə’lısıtəslı] solicitamente
solidly [’sɒlıdlı] solidamente
somehow [’sʌmhɑƱ] de algum modo, de alguma maneira; por alguma razão
sometime [’sʌmtɑım] a certa altura, um dia
sometimes [’sʌmtɑımz] às vezes, de vez em quando
somewhat [’sʌmwɒt] um pouco, um tanto (ou quanto)
somewhere [’sʌmweə] em algum lugar; para algum lugar
soon [su:n] em breve, dentro em pouco, daqui a pouco; cedo
spasmodically [spӕz’mɒdıklı] espasmodicamente
specially [speʃlı] especialmente
specifically [spə’sıfıklı] especificamente, explicitamente
spectacularly [spek’tӕkjƱləlı] espetacularmente
speedily [spı:dılı] rapidamente, velozmente
spiritually [’spırıʧƱəlı] espiritualmente
splendidly [’splendıdlı] esplendidamente
sporadically [spə’rӕdıklı] esporadicamente
startlingly [’stɑ:tlıŋlı] alarmantemente, surpreendentemente
steadily [’stedılı] firmemente; regularmente, de modo constante
stealthily [stelӨılı] furtivamente, secretamente
sternly [stɜ:nlı] severamente
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still [stıl] ainda; apesar disso, apesar de tudo
strenuously [’strenjƱəslı] tenazmente
stressfully [strefəlı] estressantemente
strictly [strıktlı] estritamente
stridently [’strɑıdntlı] estridentemente
structurally [’strʌkʧəlı] estruturalmente
studiously [’stju:dıəslı] estudiosamente
stupidly [’stju:pıdlı] estupidamente
stylishly [stɑılıʃlı] elegantemente
subsequently [’sʌbsıkwəntlı]
substantially [səb’stӕnʃəlı] substancialmente
subtly [’sʌtlı] sutilmente
successfully [sək’sesfəlı] com sucesso
suddenly [’sʌdnlı] subitamente, repentinamente
sufficiently [sə’fıʃnt] suficientemente
suitably [su:təblı] convenientemente
superficially [su:pə’fıʃəlı] superficialmente
supremely [su:’prı:mlı] supremamente
surely [ʃƱəlı] com certeza, certamente
surprisingly [sə’prɑızıŋlı] surpreendentemente
suspiciously [səs’pıʃəslı] suspeitosamente
sweetly [swı:tlı] docemente
swiftly [swıftlı] rapidamente, prontamente
sympathetically [’sımpəӨətıklı] simpaticamente
systematically [’sıstəmӕtıklı] sistematicamente
T
temporarily [’tempərəlı] temporariamente
tenderly [’tendəlı] ternamente, meigamente
tensely [tenslı] tensamente, retesadamente
tepidly [’tepıdlı] mornamente, tepidamente
terribly [’terıblı] terrivelmente; extremamente, espantosamente
terrifically [te’rıfıklı] tremendamente; lindamente, maravilhosamente
thankfully [’Өӕnkfəlı] com gratidão; felizmente
then [∂en] então, nessa altura; depois, em seguida; nesse caso; portanto, por
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conseguinte
there [∂eə] aí, ali, lá; acolá
thereby [’∂eəbɑı] desse modo
therefore [’∂eəfɔ:] por isso, portanto, por conseguinte
thoroughly [’Өʌrəlı] completo, a fundo; perfeitamente, muito bem
thoughtfully [’Өɔ:tfəlı] pensativamente; com consideração, atenciosamente
thus [∂ʌs] assim, desta maneira; (_far) até aqui
tightly [tɑıtlı] bem; com força
today [tə’deı] hoje
together [tə’ge∂ə] junto, juntamente, juntos; ao mesmo tempo
tomorrow [tə’mɒrəƱ] amanhã
too [tu:] demasiado, demais; também, igualmente; muito
totally [’təƱtəlı] totalmente
touchingly [’tʌʧıŋlı] comovedoramente
tremendously [trı’mendəslı] tremendamente
truly [’tru:lı] verdadeiramente; fielmente; sinceramente
truthfully [tru:Өfəlı] sinceramente; para dizer a verdade
twice [twɑıs] duas vezes
U
ultimately [’ʌltımətlı] finalmente
unabashedly [ʌnəbӕʃədlı] indisfarçadamente, descaradamente
unanimously [ju:’nӕnıməslı] unanimemente, por unanimidade
unbearably [ʌn’beərəblı] insuportavelmente
unbelievably [ʌnbı’lı:vəblı] inacreditavelmente
uneasily [ʌn’ı:zılı] inquietamente
unemotionally [ʌn’ıməƱʃnlı] impassivelmente
unethically [ʌn’eӨıklı] antiéticamente
unexpectedly [ʌnık’spektıdlı] inesperadamente
unfailingly [ʌn’feılıŋlı] infalivelmente
unfavourably [ʌn’feıvərəblı] desfavoravelmente
unfortunately [ʌn’fɔ:ʧənətlı] infelizmente
uniformly [’ju:nı fɔ:mlı] uniformemente
unilaterally [ju:nılӕtrəlı] unilateralmente
universally [ju:nı’vɜ:səlı] universalmente
unkindly [ʌn’kɑındlı] indelicadamente
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unnaturally [ʌn’nӕʧrəlı] desnaturalmente
unnecessarily [ʌn’nesəserılı] desnecessariamente
unquestionably [ʌn’kwesʧənəblı] inquestionavelmente
unselfishly [ʌn’selfıʃlı] desinteressadamente, generosamente
unskilfully [ʌn’skılfəlı] desajeitadamente
unwillingly [ʌn’wılıŋlı] de má vontade
up [ʌp] cima, para cima, para o alto; em cimas, no alto: acordado, de pé;
acabado
upside-down [ʌpsɑıd’dɑƱn] ao contrário; de pernas para o ar
upwardly [ʌpwədlı] para cima
upwards [ʌpwədz] para cima
urgently [’ɜ:ʤəntlı] urgentemente
usefully [’ju:sfəlı] utilmente
uselessly [’ju:slıslı] inutilmente
usually [’ju:ӡəƱlı] habitualmente, normalmente
utterly [’ʌtəlı] completamente
V
vacantly [’veıkəntlı] vagamente, sem expressão
vaguely [veıglı] vagamente
vainly [veınlı] em vão
valiantly [’vӕlıəntlı] valentemente
vastly [vɑ:stlı] imensamente, infinitamente
verbally [’vɜ:bəlı] verbalmente
vertically [’vɜ:tıklı] verticalmente
very [’verı] muito
viciously [’vıʃəslı] maldosamente; brutalmente, ferozmente
victoriously [vık’tɔ:rıəslı] vitoriosamente
vigilantly [’vıʤıləntlı] vigilantemente
vigorously [’vıgərəslı] vigorosamente
violently [’vɑıələntlı] violentamente, com violência
visibly [’vızəblı] visivelmente
visually [’vıӡəƱlı] visualmente
vivaciously [vı’veıʃlı] vivazmente, animadamente
voluntarily [’vɒləntrəlı] voluntariamente
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W
warily [’weərılı] cautelosamente
warmly [wɔ:mlı] calorosamente
weakly [wı:klı] fracamente
wearily [wıərılı] cansadamente
weekly [ı:klı] semenal
well [wel] bem
wetly [wetlı] molhadamente
when [wen] quando
where [weə] onde, aonde; em que
whole-heartedly [həƱl’h:tədlı] sem reservas, sinceramente
wholly [həƱlı] inteiramente, completamente
why [wɑı] porque, por que motivo, por que razão, porquê
wickedly [’wıkıdlı] maldosamente, malvadamente
wide [wɑıd] longe; completamente
widely [wɑıdlı] largamente; muito; generalmente; extremamente
wildly [wɑıldlı] violentamente; loucamente
wilfully [’wılfəlı] deliberadamente, intencionalmente
willingly [’wılıŋlı] de boa vontade, de bom grado; voluntariamente
wisely [wɑızlı] sabiamente
woefully [wəƱfəlı] lamentavelmente
wonderfully [’wʌndəflı] maravilhosamente
worriedly [’wʌrıdlı] preocupadamente
worthily [’wɜ:∂ılı] dignamente, meritoriamente
wrongly [rɒŋlı] mal, sem razão, injustamente
Y
yearly [jıəlı] anualmente
yearningly [jɜ:∂nıŋlı] nostalgicamente
yesterday [’jestədeı]/[ ’jestədı] ontem
yet [jet] ainda; já
youthfully [ju:Өfəlı] juvenilmente
Z
zanily [’zeınılı] loucamente
zealously [’zeləslı] zelosamente
zestfully [zestfəlı] gostosamente
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For help with the phonetic pronunciations, click here. Para obter ajuda com as pronúncias fonéticas, clique aqui .
EXERCISE:
Practise using these ADVERBS by adding them to descriptions of people or
places you know well. Be creative, not truthful. Exaggerate and use your
imagination. 026
The next section explains the use of PREPOSITIONS. 027
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