AEROSPACE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
TERM PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to: Dr. Sartuk KARASOY
Submitted by : Mert HASANOĞLU Osman AYCI Mehmet KAYMAL Selim YÜREKLİ Yiğit ATILGAN Alpay SANCAR Submission Date: 01.06.2012
AE 422 AEROSPACE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
TERM PROJECT REPORT
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AEROSPACE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
TERM PROJECT REPORT
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................
a. Purpose ................................
b. Team Members ................................
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................
a. System Design Requirements
b. Physical Architecture of the System
c. Functional Architecture of the System
d. System Internal and External Interfaces
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION
4. SYSTEM TEST PLAN ................................
5. REFERENCES ................................
................................................................................................
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System Design Requirements ................................................................
hysical Architecture of the System ................................................................
Functional Architecture of the System ................................................................
System Internal and External Interfaces ................................................................
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION ................................................................
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1. INTRODUCTION
a. Purpose
The purpose of the term project was to
semester in a real life scenario.
assessment of the requirements that are determined by the requirements group. The team
came up with the message carrying hot air balloon concept as a solution. The main points
that the team paid significant attention to was the ease of manufacture and the cost of the
solution while satisfying all the requirements that are stated. As a result the team su
in both satisfying the requirements and maintaining a low cost profile by adapting the
techniques that aforementioned.
b. Team Members
Group # 4 consisted of six team members. Names of the team members and their
photographs are provided below.
Osman Aycı
project was to apply the techniques that are taught throughout the
semester in a real life scenario. The first thing that was done by the team was the
assessment of the requirements that are determined by the requirements group. The team
the message carrying hot air balloon concept as a solution. The main points
that the team paid significant attention to was the ease of manufacture and the cost of the
solution while satisfying all the requirements that are stated. As a result the team su
in both satisfying the requirements and maintaining a low cost profile by adapting the
techniques that aforementioned.
4 consisted of six team members. Names of the team members and their
photographs are provided below.
Mert Hasanoğlu
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apply the techniques that are taught throughout the
The first thing that was done by the team was the
assessment of the requirements that are determined by the requirements group. The team
the message carrying hot air balloon concept as a solution. The main points
that the team paid significant attention to was the ease of manufacture and the cost of the
solution while satisfying all the requirements that are stated. As a result the team succeeded
in both satisfying the requirements and maintaining a low cost profile by adapting the
4 consisted of six team members. Names of the team members and their
Mert Hasanoğlu
Selim Yürekli
Mehmet Kaymal
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
a. System Design Requirements
• The aerial vehicle should fly at (at least) 2 mt altitude(above the human height).
• The aerial vehicle should stay aloft at least 1 minute in order to be regarded as a flying vehicle.
Alpay Sancar
Yiğit Atılgan
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
System Design Requirements
The aerial vehicle should fly at (at least) 2 mt altitude(above the human height).
The aerial vehicle should stay aloft at least 1 minute in order to be regarded as a flying
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Alpay Sancar
Yiğit Atılgan
The aerial vehicle should fly at (at least) 2 mt altitude(above the human height).
The aerial vehicle should stay aloft at least 1 minute in order to be regarded as a flying
• The aerial vehicle should weight below 4 kg if powered, below 1,5 kg if unpowered.
Use of lightweight materials such as Depron, Balsa wood, fabric, carbon tubes, foamboard instead of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to weight considerations.
• The aerial vehicle should carry a payload which weights at least 1/10 of its empty weight. For electric powered air vehicles the battery weight should also be considered in empty weight calculation.
• The air vehicle may either be powered or unpowered. It may take off usinenergy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
• Control of aircraft by a human/autopilot must be available.
A rope such as on a tethered balloon, a remote/radio controller, or an autopilot/on
controlelr would be among some control method options
• Aircraft control mechanism/method should be used at least for a safe mission and safe landing. Further control capability is up to the contracter’s/designer’s choice.
• The air vehicle may either be powered or unenergy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
• The aerial vehicle should be easy to build.
Number of parts to be used:
Assembly under 5 minutes and use at most 10 components.
• The aircraft should not cost more than 250 TL.
Each expenditure should be proved with a bill and a copy of the bills should be provided together with a balance sheet in the final report file.
Use of cheap materials such as Depron, Balsa wood, fabric, carbon t
of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to cost considerations.
Any materials/parts that the groups currently have should be used and those will not be
considered in the cost calculation. Thus, use of pre
should weight below 4 kg if powered, below 1,5 kg if unpowered.
Use of lightweight materials such as Depron, Balsa wood, fabric, carbon tubes, foamboard instead of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to weight considerations.
le should carry a payload which weights at least 1/10 of its empty weight. For electric powered air vehicles the battery weight should also be considered in empty
The air vehicle may either be powered or unpowered. It may take off usinenergy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
Control of aircraft by a human/autopilot must be available.
A rope such as on a tethered balloon, a remote/radio controller, or an autopilot/on
ould be among some control method options.
Aircraft control mechanism/method should be used at least for a safe mission and safe landing. Further control capability is up to the contracter’s/designer’s choice.
The air vehicle may either be powered or unpowered. It may take off using its own energy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
The aerial vehicle should be easy to build.
under 5 minutes and use at most 10 components.
aircraft should not cost more than 250 TL.
Each expenditure should be proved with a bill and a copy of the bills should be provided together with a balance sheet in the final report file.
Use of cheap materials such as Depron, Balsa wood, fabric, carbon tubes, foamboard instead
of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to cost considerations.
Any materials/parts that the groups currently have should be used and those will not be
considered in the cost calculation. Thus, use of pre-used/pre-bought materials are highly
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should weight below 4 kg if powered, below 1,5 kg if unpowered.
Use of lightweight materials such as Depron, Balsa wood, fabric, carbon tubes, foamboard instead of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to weight considerations.
le should carry a payload which weights at least 1/10 of its empty weight. For electric powered air vehicles the battery weight should also be considered in empty
The air vehicle may either be powered or unpowered. It may take off using its own energy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
A rope such as on a tethered balloon, a remote/radio controller, or an autopilot/on-board
Aircraft control mechanism/method should be used at least for a safe mission and safe landing. Further control capability is up to the contracter’s/designer’s choice.
powered. It may take off using its own energy, or the initial energy may be given by a operator or a launcher mechanism.
Each expenditure should be proved with a bill and a copy of the bills should be provided
ubes, foamboard instead
of aluminum, plywood, etc. is highly encouraged due to cost considerations.
Any materials/parts that the groups currently have should be used and those will not be
materials are highly
encouraged.However, instead of their price the source of material should be written in the
materials cost table.
• Project Report and Brochure/Poster
Project report is under strict control of the project schedule. There should be draft
and the final report. Each draft should be sent via e
out and put in a file prior to the submission to the customer. The final report should be
professional in any means such as content, language, appear
for the project report.
b. Physical Architecture of the System
c. Functional Architecture of the System
Using the program Edraw Max
architecture of the system.
encouraged.However, instead of their price the source of material should be written in the
and Brochure/Poster
Project report is under strict control of the project schedule. There should be draft
and the final report. Each draft should be sent via e-mail. The final report should be printed
out and put in a file prior to the submission to the customer. The final report should be
professional in any means such as content, language, appearance,etc. There is fixed format
Physical Architecture of the System
Functional Architecture of the System
Using the program Edraw Max, the following IDEF0 diagram indicates
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encouraged.However, instead of their price the source of material should be written in the
Project report is under strict control of the project schedule. There should be draft 1, draft 2
mail. The final report should be printed
out and put in a file prior to the submission to the customer. The final report should be
ance,etc. There is fixed format
ollowing IDEF0 diagram indicates the functional
The air vehicle is simply designed to perform the above applications.
Sub functions are as followings:
vehicle is simply designed to perform the above applications.
Sub functions are as followings:
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d. System Internal and External Interfaces
System Internal Interface Rope:
In this project, designed and manufactured system is neither
system. There is no electronical controller,
interface between flying vehicle
banner with the air vehicle. It provides structural rigidity.
System External Interface:
There is no external interfaces.
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
During the test flights we tried to fulfill all of the requirements, in this part the
requirements and the verifications of the requirements will be mentioned respectively.
The verifications tools that we basically used are a
System Internal and External Interfaces
System Internal Interface Rope:
d and manufactured system is neither electronical
s no electronical controller, computer program or code. However,
interface between flying vehicle and banner system which is the rope.
banner with the air vehicle. It provides structural rigidity.
There is no external interfaces.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION
During the test flights we tried to fulfill all of the requirements, in this part the
requirements and the verifications of the requirements will be mentioned respectively.
The verifications tools that we basically used are a precision balance and a stopwa
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electronical nor software
. However, there is an
and banner system which is the rope. Rope holds the
During the test flights we tried to fulfill all of the requirements, in this part the
requirements and the verifications of the requirements will be mentioned respectively.
precision balance and a stopwatch.
Functional Requirements
The assembly of the hot air balloon is less than 5 minutes. In fact the hot air balloon is
ready to fly except from the burning of the solid fuel. It can fly above 2 meters altitudes,
the altitude of the flight is only depends on the length of the rope and according to our
test it can stay in the air above ten minutes. We choose the hot air balloon as a flying
vehicle since it is easy to build and easiness is one of the requirements. Our hot air
balloon includes basically three main parts, the balloon the rope and the banner.
The cheapness of the hot air balloon is another good point for the project. The total cost
of the hot air balloon is not more than
such as extra solid fuels, extra banner designs etc. We used 8 balloons totally and one of
the balloons is 2 liras. Some of the tools such as scissors or glues
laboratory. Our project fulfills with the one of a kindness criteria by using a bann
the hot air balloon. The banner will be opened after a
The assembly of the hot air balloon is less than 5 minutes. In fact the hot air balloon is
ready to fly except from the burning of the solid fuel. It can fly above 2 meters altitudes,
only depends on the length of the rope and according to our
test it can stay in the air above ten minutes. We choose the hot air balloon as a flying
vehicle since it is easy to build and easiness is one of the requirements. Our hot air
sically three main parts, the balloon the rope and the banner.
The cheapness of the hot air balloon is another good point for the project. The total cost
t air balloon is not more than 20 liras. This cost includes all of the expenses
extra solid fuels, extra banner designs etc. We used 8 balloons totally and one of
the balloons is 2 liras. Some of the tools such as scissors or glues are
laboratory. Our project fulfills with the one of a kindness criteria by using a bann
the hot air balloon. The banner will be opened after a while the hot air balloon flies
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The assembly of the hot air balloon is less than 5 minutes. In fact the hot air balloon is
ready to fly except from the burning of the solid fuel. It can fly above 2 meters altitudes,
only depends on the length of the rope and according to our
test it can stay in the air above ten minutes. We choose the hot air balloon as a flying
vehicle since it is easy to build and easiness is one of the requirements. Our hot air
sically three main parts, the balloon the rope and the banner.
The cheapness of the hot air balloon is another good point for the project. The total cost
20 liras. This cost includes all of the expenses
extra solid fuels, extra banner designs etc. We used 8 balloons totally and one of
are provided by the
laboratory. Our project fulfills with the one of a kindness criteria by using a banner on
while the hot air balloon flies.
Performance Requirements
The total weight of the hot air balloon is 61 gr (balloon cloth:
wire 2gr) and it can carry payload
weight. This satisfies the requirement of carrying at least 10 % of the flying vehicle’s
empty weight. Furthermore, t
solid fuel.
Interface Requirements
After take-off the hot air balloon can be controlled by a rope which is hold by a human is
from the ground crew. The altitude of the balloon depends on the length of the rope and
using this rope the landing can be achieved safely.
Reliability Requirements
The hot air balloon can be used more than 10 times. Some fixing can be needed after the
flight and also the weather conditions can directly affect the reliability of the hot air
balloon. Under ideal air conditions, the hot air balloon can f
Safety Requirement
The hot air balloon is a totally safe air vehicle. It does not create any pollution for the
environment and also it has not any danger for the flight crew or the spectators.
Performance Requirements
The total weight of the hot air balloon is 61 gr (balloon cloth: 39 gr, fuel 15gr
wire 2gr) and it can carry payload (banner) which weights 14 gr that is 23% of its
This satisfies the requirement of carrying at least 10 % of the flying vehicle’s
Furthermore, the power of the balloon is coming from the burning of the
off the hot air balloon can be controlled by a rope which is hold by a human is
from the ground crew. The altitude of the balloon depends on the length of the rope and
using this rope the landing can be achieved safely.
The hot air balloon can be used more than 10 times. Some fixing can be needed after the
also the weather conditions can directly affect the reliability of the hot air
balloon. Under ideal air conditions, the hot air balloon can fly everywhere.
The hot air balloon is a totally safe air vehicle. It does not create any pollution for the
environment and also it has not any danger for the flight crew or the spectators.
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39 gr, fuel 15gr, stich: 5 gr,
ner) which weights 14 gr that is 23% of its empty
This satisfies the requirement of carrying at least 10 % of the flying vehicle’s
he power of the balloon is coming from the burning of the
off the hot air balloon can be controlled by a rope which is hold by a human is
from the ground crew. The altitude of the balloon depends on the length of the rope and
The hot air balloon can be used more than 10 times. Some fixing can be needed after the
also the weather conditions can directly affect the reliability of the hot air
ly everywhere.
The hot air balloon is a totally safe air vehicle. It does not create any pollution for the
environment and also it has not any danger for the flight crew or the spectators.
4. SYSTEM TEST PLAN
In our test plan documents, the strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a product
or system meets its design specifications and other requirements.
plan is usually prepared by or with significant input from test engineers where, in our case,
we are the test engineers of the hot air balloon system.
Depending on the product and the responsibility of the organization
the followings;
Design Verification / Compliance test
development or approval stages of the product, typically on a small sample of units.
Manufacturing test: is another type of test which is
assembly of the product in an ongoing manner for purposes of performance verification and
quality control.
Acceptance test: is the last and most crucial part of the test plan since it is
time of delivery or installation of the product.
5. REFERENCES
• The Engineering Design of Systems Models and Methods 2
Dennis M.Buade
• Lecture Notes
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/hot
• http://www.sciencetoymaker.org/HotAirBalloon/index.html
SYSTEM TEST PLAN
the strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a product
or system meets its design specifications and other requirements. In addition to that, a
or with significant input from test engineers where, in our case,
we are the test engineers of the hot air balloon system.
Depending on the product and the responsibility of the organization, our test plan
Compliance test: is a kind of test to be performed during the
lopment or approval stages of the product, typically on a small sample of units.
: is another type of test which is performed during preparation or
assembly of the product in an ongoing manner for purposes of performance verification and
is the last and most crucial part of the test plan since it is
time of delivery or installation of the product.
The Engineering Design of Systems Models and Methods 2nd edition, book writte
http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/hot-air
http://www.sciencetoymaker.org/HotAirBalloon/index.html
11
the strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a product
In addition to that, a test
or with significant input from test engineers where, in our case,
, our test plan includes
to be performed during the
lopment or approval stages of the product, typically on a small sample of units.
performed during preparation or
assembly of the product in an ongoing manner for purposes of performance verification and
is the last and most crucial part of the test plan since it is performed at the
edition, book written by
air-balloon.htm