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AECL EACL * Simulate * Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1
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Page 1: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

AECL EACL

* Simulate* Intrep

Benoit Arsenault, AECLMarch, 2000

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 1

Page 2: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

~>"";"':;::::::::JL__-,

'"REARRAHOE IRRAOIATION..""",.....-..AARAY8 FOR ~eLlEOCHANNEL(8)

'"

c-__-!c==:'::~v~..=<:;~n:smp >="'=---<,-18 "'YWlN.aV-"";:;;--------.,

'"

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 2

Page 3: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Lattice Cross-Sections Vary with Positionin the CoreNon-uniform core parameters

• irradiation• fuel temperature (correlated with bundle power)• coolant density (depends on channel and axial

position within channel)• absolute flux level (correlated with bundle power)• concentration of saturating fission products

(correlated with flux level)

• Moderator temperature (to a lesser degree)

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 3

Page 4: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Methodologies for Calculating LatticeProperties for RFSP

1) Uniform Parameters2) Grid-Based Local Parameters3) History-Based Local Parameters

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 4

Page 5: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Uniform Parameter MethodThis was the method used in core design and fuel

management calculations for many years• Only accounts for variation in irradiation (Le., one

fuel table for entire core)• Other parameters assumed uniform at effective

average values

• No history-assumes each bundle at averageconditions throughout stay in core

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 5

Page 6: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Grid-Based Local-Parameter Method• Takes into account local variation in bundle power

(fuel temperature)

(flux level)

(xenon)and coolant density (from NUCIRC)

• Calculates fuel tables for agrid of bundle power vs.coolant density

• Uses double linear interpolation in grid to obtaineach bundle's properties

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 6

Page 7: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

860 + + + +GRIO POINilBATWHICH R:lEl. 'MBLES

+ ME CA1.CULATSl

~ONE'PAlmCUlAR

720 + + +- RMaSUNDIiE.Ul l'lS.MQP.ER'nESex:

i ARE lN~lJI.TEDElEl'WEEN1liaSE

w Of FOUR'ClnSESTD. li80 + + + GRlDPOINTS.:IEI!!.J

!!l...~ + + + + +

OJlO0.780.860.42lIOO+----.----,.---....,.----T-----,.-------J

0.30

29/03/2005 100004/U :dpmswordlarsenaultpage 7

Page 8: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

""',.---------------------.,""

~-

I-i~ ....wi ...L..-'5O

:lOO

0 '00 200 300 400 SOO

BUNDLE POWER (kWj

700 000

29/03/2005

VBriation of Fuel Temperature wtth Bundle Power for37-1;IemOlll Fuel. EI.ESIU /I caIculafIon

(B••I. of Bundle Pow.rlFuel TllI11fl8l'll\In Co,,_. In~

1000041U:dpmswordJarsenaultpage 8

Page 9: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Fuel Temperature ve Linear Element Power......... Fu81 r«nperatu... O.OtMIMcQU _!lull Twnpera...... I50.0 tMt1lJtu1J . Fuel TempeT'II'IJ.. 100.0 tMI.Ml:gU..........-FulII TernptnIIu"'1!lO.OtMIMIgU _!lull TwnperMn 200.0 tMt.McgU

1800 .,..-----------------------------------,

1800

1400

G' 1200

!r:...! 800

400

200

so70605040302010

0.L- -;-__-+-__-+-__~___+_-----___t------'

oElement Power (kWtm)

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 9

Page 10: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Limitations of the Grid-BasedLocal-Parameter Method

• Handles only two independent non-uniformparameters

• Cannot easily handle perturbations• Assumes that each bundle has been irradiated at

constant values of its local conditions (no history)

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 10

Page 11: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

History-Based Local-Parameter Method• Trimmed down version of PPV is executed for every

bundle in core

• Only small irradiation step since last simulation iscalculated (typically .01-.05 n/kb)

• 43 items of data are kept for each bundle (such asnuclide densities) to allow irradiation step to becalculated

• For CANDU 6 core all PPVs are calculated in aboutone minute on an HP735 work station

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 11

Page 12: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

History-Based Local-Parameter Method(con't)• Treats each bundle's history as individual• Local conditions can be specified for each bundle• Changes in local conditions can be taken into

account• In principle, any change in any physical parameter

of each individual bundle can be modelled

• Important basic simulation refinement

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 12

Page 13: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Capabilities of History-BasedLocal-Parameter MethodIn addition to individual tracking of every bundle this

method permits new types of calculations:• Bundle specific perturbations• Changes in local concentration of saturating fission

products:xenonsamariumrhodium

can be simulated by fission-product drivers

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 13

Page 14: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

General Effects of History-BasedLocal-Parameter MethodOverall radial and axial flattening of flux and power

because:• Lattice reactivity decreases when fuel temperature

and power increase• Reactivity increases when coolant density drops

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 14

Page 15: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Implementation and UseFully operational in RFSP, used for:

• Core-tracking simulators (Lepreau)• Fission-product transients following power changes• Large-Ioss-of-coolant accidents• Startup after long shutdown including Phase Btests

29103/2005 1000041U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 15

Page 16: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Comparison of Pt. Lepreau RFSPProduction Runs with and Without theHISTORY Option

NoHistory

DifferenceItem

History (%)

MaximumChannel 6879 6752 -1.8Power (kW)

MaximumBundle 847 800 -5.5Power (kW)

CPPF1.088 1.074 -1.4

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 16

Page 17: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

29/03/2005

TABLE 1

ComparIoon 0( Pt. Lepftaa Jll1SP ProdactIoa R..... With aJld Witbollt \be HISTORY o,Mob

fPD Maxi..... 0ulI0el Po_(tw)Moximuao B__ (tW)

O'PF

No - No ..- No ~.HISTOO, KIS'IORY (") HJmlR' IDsroo' <'0) ..."., .....,..'"'" ....-611'(1"01} -<>.5 ." (I'Il6I6) "' .....) -4.. 1.171'9(P11) U'134PH) ~

"'" 67IO(J.10} 6611 (RIO) -IS I46(SI~) 1(19 ($1Cit6J -4.' 1.1*1(101) '.(llOI) -I.()

2690 6I2I(1lIO) 61.] (RIO) -1.7 "'(1'0616) 79/5(SU~J -5.1 ,.oa(lOll 'm7(51l1) -1.1,.., 6774{OO11) 6643(001) -1.9 "'(1'0616' 718 (P06,l6. -<.I 1.071($12) 1.064 (HHI) -0.',.., .... (1'01) 6&13(1'101) -2~ 111 (PO&Il6) 112(POl5,t6) -u 1.096(1107) l.tm(Hl8) -2...

""" "" (1'01) 6I2O(P07, -2.1 ........, "' ....., -<.\ 1.091 <P05) t.07S (1105) -I.')

211M 0'11 (1'07) 6711(1'0'7) -1.9 ........, "'....., -<0 1.oMtQQ'l) 1.190 lQOS) ·U

"" 6947 (011) 6774(0111 -U WCEIII7} 1§l)(I'QV1) -<> 1.GIO(F'I2) U'76lllO'l -I.'-

"11 6914 (POl) ''''(1'01) -1.9 142 (P17J6. 197 (P1)16) '-' 1.1.'(1'01) U61(Pf7) ["1

"" 6171 (1'07) 6744 (NIl) -l> 1"(1'0616) """"'6) -'.7 ."" (1'01) .-.:, -0.'

""6aS_

""(1'07) -I.' ........, "".....,. -S.4 1.... (1'01) 1..5(QQS) -1:4

ml -- 6'16(1'01) .., ... (P06'l) 7>4(1'0617) -'-' U,,, (\'lIS) ..... lQ05l -0.'

2m 6151 (HI]) 6719(1'07) -1.9 13](Gl7m790""""

-0> 1.IJ'1S(OI5) I .... fQ05) -1...

",. .... COOI' 6", (()(II) ....1 ... .,..." "'''''''''' -<., 1m, (P07) 1.•3($01) -12

"" (A1(tc1l, 6'nI(Ml\) -15 M'J (S1Qllb) _lSlM) -4.' UI4(11ti3) l1l61tMl9) -l>

2734 ""'-, 6742CMX) ..... U1{£I:Jn) .,1 tEUI'1) -SA 1.07StMOa) 1.CJ67<Q16) -0.

"n 61]9(1'01) 67]3(P01) -15 I42totlol6) m(018I6) -5.1 I.CJM{lIIG) J.(1'1O(H16) -1.""" Cl nuS) 6701 CHIS) -I" 141 (01&16) 791 (OUln) -0> UII6(1116) UI61«16) -1.9

2746 '''(111)> .",(SO!t) -I.' ""1S'O"l ""-) ~I J:fII)S.($Oi)) JD,t (509) -1.4

"., ""...., ",,(SOt) -15 "'.,.,.., "" ....., -5.4 t:.0rJr6(S09} 1.(J'19(SQ9) -1.1

"" ....~ '7SCf006) ~ "',....» 107(00S/6) -53 t:099(S09) 1.<179(509) 2.()

"56 .... (000, .,.,~ -2.1 "'.-) 'OIlOO"', -0> 1nJ2(QI6) 1.078 (Q16) -IA

2160 6I16(Q1S) C'm(QIS) "'D ...- ",.-) --5.1 1.IOl(Q16) UII2(Qi6) -1.9

"., 6M4(Glll 6"111(011) -1.9 144(1Or.7) I04(JOi/7) -4.' I.090(QI6) 1:0.,6 (QI6) IA

"., ImlMOn 67ClCMl1) ..... 14'(OO6otS) .,1 (OO6lIi) -5.' 1_(MJ7) 1.11l4CQ1'1) -12

",. MO${OJ1) 6172 rom -u .... lOl1m 7'n{OJ1J7) -:S.15 1.0911 fQ(6) J.081(Q06) -1.1

277. 6134 (Q15) 61C2(Q15) -13 "1 (00Mi) 104-', -35 1.013 (1)111 urn (On) -1:2

:zm 6832 (006) 6723(000) -u 141 (0CIfi,f6) 19a (006.'61 5.' 1.092 rolll UlIl(Dtl) t.

2781 68%(01') 6759 (QOB) -L.3 141 (017n) M(<XIfw'fl) -35 UIS2(Q171 1.0'7] (QI7) -0"

"14 6864(006) 6155 (006) -1.6 8SO(Q06,l6) 101 (0Cll5.I61 -5.1 1.012(0111 1.073(0111 -0.'

2788 6895 (014) 617110061 l> UI (OOSllil 810(CJ0Y6j -4.' 1.09S COO4) 1.084 cOO() -1.4-- .." .,,, -u 14' 106 --5.3 1- 1.0"< -t.e

100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 17

Page 18: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

TABLE 2

Comparison or Zone Powers With ad Without the msroRY OptiIM

Axial Zone Pair Pen:ent of Reference Power-Averaged Over Ihe Di«erence!'mod FPD 2690 -2788 (%)

No HISTORY HISTORY

1/8 99.74 100.25 ..<1.51

219 10122 101.61 ..<1.39

3/10 101.93 101.55 ..{).37

4/11 98.82 97.46 1.38

5/12 99.\4 99.19 ..<I.OS

6/13 100.57 101.Q7 ..<1.50

7/14 98.34 99.01 ..<1.68

100 J[ (IIisMry - No Riseory) ( No History

-0.37

+0.51

-1.38

+0.39

.+0.05

+0.68

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Fission Product Representation

Traditional Method• Only 1351an 135Xe concentrations treated

• Other fission products at stead-steady values fromPOWDERPUFS-V

• Full effect of xenon in single increment Al: a2(Xe)

• Results in deviations in reactivity

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Powderpufs-V Saturating FissionProducts

1) Xenon group, consists of 135Xe

2) Rhodium group, consisting of 105Rh

3) Samarium (stable) group consisting of: 149Sm, 151Sm,155Eu, 157Gd, 113Cd

Each of above now has a "driver" to calculate itsconcentration in each bundle (in history-basedlocal-parameter methodology)

The metastable state of xenon 135Xem (1S-minute halflife) also included as option

29/03/2005 I000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 20

Page 21: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Three Options to Handle FissionProducts:1) Steady-State - fission product concentrations

consistent with fuel flux2) Transient - calculates new concentration based on

previous concentration, initial and final fuel fluxes,and time step

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 21

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Three Options to Handle FissionProducts (can't)3) Long Shutdown

i) sets concentrations of 135Xe, 1351, 105Rh and 105Ru to zero(assumes they have decayed)

ii) assumes all 239Np has decayed to 239PU

iii) for each stable fission product in the "samarium" groupthe precursor's concentration is added to the stableisotopes concentration i.e.:all 149Pm ~ 149Small 151 Pm ~ 151Small 155Sm ~ 155Euall 157Eu ~ 157Gd

all 113Ag ~ 113Cd

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 22

Page 23: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Test Simulation

• Startup after 1992 Point Lepreau Outage (one month)

• Both methods used• Power recovery from 0.1%FP to 100% FP

• Starting from Lepreau RFSP production run

• Traditional method:i) no xenon at low power

ii) follow xenon build-up to full power

iii) include temperature feedback in latticecalculation

29/03/2005 I000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 23

Page 24: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Test Simulations• History-based local-parameter with drivers:

i) "long shutdown" option at low powerii) "transient" option to full poweriii) temperature feedback automatically

includediv) coolant temperature and density from

NUCIRC (at higher powers)

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Page 25: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Startup Ahdr Outage -Comparison of Reactivity Prediction Resulting From Traditional Xenon Transient

Simulation and History Based Local Parameters With All Fission ProductDrivers

Case Description Excess Reactivity ot DifferenceNo. the Core· (mllll-k) In

XE HBLP R8IIctlvity

0 Set·up model trom FPD3130 production run - - -1 Cold shutdown steady-stste xenon all adj. out 41.11 44.51 3.402 Step power to 1% and hold for 22 hours 33.15 38.67 5.523 Nominal, all adjusters In, xenon from ca.e 2 24.87 30.50 5.834 Ramp up to 25% FP In 31 hours with SC 13.36 14.68 1.325 Hold at 25% for 8 hours 9.88 15.88 6.006 Step to 50% Power and takl 28 hour tlme-.tlp 3.11 9.19 6.087 Ramp up to 100% FP In!lOO. 3.54 9.11 5.578 Case 7 + Bum tor 1 FPD 0.80 7.68 6.88

9 case 7 + Bum for 2 FPD -0.59 5.n 6.3610 Case 7 + Burn for 3 FPD -1.02 4.34 5.3611 Case 7 + Bum for 4 FPD -1.34 2.92 4.2612 Ca•• 7 + Burn tor 5 FPD -1.59 1.63 3.32

• Calculated from dltterellEle in boron relative to Case 0(u.lng a ooefflnlent of 8.3 mllli-k I ppm 9)and dtfferenGe In average ~.O"~ fill from C1!Ise 0(using a coefficient of 0.065 rt1illi-k I % average zol1e fill).

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 25

Page 26: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

Results• Reference case 0.3 milli-k higher with new drivers ­

due to distributed fission products• New drivers give higher core excesses reactivity

throughout. Maximum difference is -7 milli-k about2 FPD after startup

• Difference diminishes at about 1 milli-k I FPD afterreaching full power

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 26

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Conclusions• Gives better estimate of critical boron• Startup after long outage simulation gives excess

core reactivity observed at site

29/0312005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 27

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:------------_~

3241;-----------------------------;..

e

0: :2 03 04 os 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 I' 20 21 22

3228 : 32'50

c

D

I

,:----

:----

;----

3242

OCl"l'.£R COD' -----:3224 3237

-----:3251 3'230:

3238 3231 uu. .32 .. 8 J2J9

:-----------------------------::--------- ----------:

G 3255 3237 3252 :

:----:

J: 3229

p

H

:---------

3235

---------:

:---- ----... : ----:)238 )248 3::tn 324.!l

3230 3H~ 322E 3235

IJIlBD CO" 3230 )251

32..4 .uu 3237 323' )250

3:1:55: J244 :J2]!l 3Hl

325::1 3245 3231 3225\1 )2019-----: :---- :----

3236: 324.9 UU 3255 )252.: 3131:

3241 3237:

: 3230:----:

:----

H'

•s

:----:320 32 ..8

:----:

:--------------v

w

:----:3235 325::'

:---------..._---:

3230 3236

3255:

3242 ::----

:----

:-----------------------------:01 02 03 04 05 06 07 09 09 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 l' 21 22

The numbers represent the fPD o( refuelling. The channels in JW.d are ones (or which HBAL data is available for comparison.

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 28

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Refuelled Channel Power

-1-

~.....

Refuelled Bundle Power

Near Neighbour Cbannel Power

Near Neishbour Bundle Power

Diagonal Neighbour Channel Power

Diagonal Neighbour Bundle Power

.... ..

'':'....,"

.... .~.. .....

•..,~.

"i',, n "~ •••••j-e-........., ":i:". ........ • ......::: .' '1'•.••• 11- ~--... ..... -.. -.. .. --...~- ........:,..

• • -' I ••••~.... - .. -••..... .. .. - - ~..--.lt-_~.. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-§'60~vi"_ 0.98...

o 10 l~ 20 25 30

Time After Refuelling (h)

29/03/2005 I00004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 29

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~

1.1 ,'~, ,

D:3gonal Neighbour Buodle Power

'. ,~". .. ....

,..":" ...... ...

,.

t Refuelled a..o..,1 Power +-",,Refuelled Bundle P"",er

,, -..,"~

l\caT Noiahbour Channel Power iJ-" ,,,Near Neighbour BUDdie Power r,,

"':'. Diogonol NeiJhbour ChDllnel Power ..... ., ,, .,

"/«-':'1," ,

.,....,'. b--.

" 'lJ........ v--- __ ..l1 " •.... - ~--.. ............ ..----..tI.- -..--- .. -0--_ ...., .. .. .. .. :-:- :--:-~ ..::.....

,,

1.08

.. 1.04:l

o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time After Refuellini (h)

29/03/2005 1000041U :dpmsword/arsenaultpage 30

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T.ut..t: I

'fuImum, Avenge lIDlI Standard Deviation In Fission-ProcIua-Free C ,0:, [aU1IJI

Factor For One Month of Fuelling at Gentilly-2

Parometec Inner Core o.-Core(%)

Max. Ave. Sian. Max. Ave. Stan.(%) (%) Dev.(%) (%) (%) iDev. (%)

Clwmel Power of Refuelled 5.58 4.56 0.59 6.98 5.62 0.950wmeI

CbaoDeI Power of Nearest 3.45 2.32 0.67 4.89 3.25 1.01Neigbbouno of Refuclled Cbaonel

Clwmel Power of Diagooal 3.13 1.95 0.73 4.63 2.97 0.95Neighbour. of Refuelled Cbaonel

Mjlxjmllrn BUDdIe Power of 9.02 6.79 0.87 10.21 8.00 0.91Refuelled O1annel

Maximum Bundle Powec of Nearest 5.46 3.72 0.75 7.06 4.91 0.97.Neigbbour& of Refuclled Cbaonel

:" .imum Bundle Powec of 5.15 3.19 0.78 6.61 4.42 1.04:DiagoDaI Neighbours of RducIIedCIIIImeI

TABLE 2

RFSP·Simulated (Transient) Power Boost, Caused By Refuelling, C_plllled WithHeat BaIanc:e Results for 3 CbaJmeIs at GentlIly-2

Channel Power Increase On Refuelling Oust bef<R to just after) IRFSP (%) Heal: Balance (%) -J

----"'E7'13;-----+------:1-;;8""".99"....:.---+------:1-;;8""".3-;-1-'--:.....- !

M04 23.27 22.19:

P13 16.84 15.44 I

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 31

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*SIMULATE MethodsHistory Based Local Parameters:• Required trailer cards:

- HI (history-maximum number of outer iterationson power to obtain consistent flux/cross­sections)

- FI (fission products - STEADY, TRANSIENT, orLONG SHUT)

• Conflicting trailer cards:- LO (grid-based local parameters)- XE (distributed xenon)- Y (xenon time-search option)

29/03/2005 1000041U :dpmsword/arsenaultpage 32

Page 33: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)• If starting from non history-based file then:

- run *SIMULATE without history at desired energy- run *PPVSWHIST - generates tables of 43 required

values for history at 0.1 n/KB intervals (storedunder index PPVSORHIST for each fuel type)

- run *FPDTOHIST - generates starting history pointby burning from next lowest 0.1 interval to valuein FUEL IRRAD

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*SIMULATE Methods (can't)

page 341000041U:dpmsword/arsenault

Uniform Parameters with distributed Xenon:

• Required trailer cards:- XE (distributed xenon - steady or transient)

• Conflicting trailer cards:- HI (history)

- FI (fission products)- LO (grid-based local parameters)

• Note that XENON PROP block is required• Note that if the steady option is selected on XE card (i.e.,

IDEQUIL 1:1 1) then the frequency of xenon calculations must beset on the *Simulate control card (IXENON)

• The xenon time-search option (Y card) can be used to calculatethe time at which the change in xenon matches adesired keff

value29/03/2005

Page 35: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)Grid-Based Local Parameters:• Required trailer cards:

- LO (grid based local parameters - maximumnumber of outer iterations on power to obtainconsistent flux/cross sections and mix of currentand previous bundle power for next cycle)

• Conflicting trailer cards:- HI (history)- FI (fission products)- XE (distributed xenon)- Y(xenon time-search option)

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 35

Page 36: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)• If starting from non-grid based file then:

- run *POWDERPUF module with "LOCAL PARM"option (as ROOFLAG parameter of card type 2)before the grid based *SIMULATE

• Note that GRID values are fixed (hard-coded):

- Bundle power: 30, 155, 280, 405, 530, 655, 780,905kW

- Coolant Density: 0.45, 0.56, 0.67, 0.78, 0.89 g/cm3

If outside grid boundary - error generated

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmswordJarsenaultpage 36

Page 37: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)Uniform Parameters:• Required trailer cards:

- none

• Conflicting trailer cards:- HI (history)- FI (fission products)- LO (grid-based local parameters- XE (distributed xenon)- Y (xenon time-search option)

29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 37

Page 38: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)Bulk and Spatial Control:

• Required trailer cards:- AA·GG (initialized once and kept in Zone CNTL block)

• Conflicting trailer cards:- FINDBORON conflicts with bulk control

• Note that to activate bulk and spatial both ISPCNTL andIBLKCTL on the AA card must be >0 as well as NSCZCNT onthe *SIMULATE control card.

• Can also turn off one or both by setting above selectively tozero

• When defining detector locations on FF cards do not overlapmesh intervals, will result in double counting

• Also, if FF cards are input each time then data will accumulatein ZONE CNTL

29103/2005 I00004/U:dpmswordJarsenaultpage 38

Page 39: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

New algorithm:DLIF(i)

Z'(i) = z(i)~-Kt

DLIF(i) = Kt ~t[ <l't _ ( <I' )]

<l'tref <l'ref

-Kh(l-~t)[Z(i)-<Z >]

-Kl [Z(t)-<Z>]

where:

Kt = 3.0% valve lift / %flux tilt errorKh Cl 0.6% valve lift / fractional level error

K1 Cl 0.1 %valve lift / fractional level error

Cl 0 0 < Z (i) < 0.5

Cl Z(i) /0.1 0.5 <Z (i) < .10

Pt =1 .10 < Z (i) < .80Cl [0.9-Z(i)] / 0.1 .80 <Z (i) < .90

=0 .90 <Z (i) < 1.0

29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmsword/arsenaultpage 39

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Phase Out Factor Beta versus Zone LevelBeta

I f-

~II

0.8 l- IIII

0.6 III •

II II I

0.4 l- I II Iy'_'" L.:...t ''-, ...1.

II

0.2 .t n. t..,.,- I

I I

II

II

I0 I • • ,

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Oc 0.7 0.8 0.9

Fractional Zone Level

- Phase out !actor

29/03/2005 100004lU:dpmswordlarsenaultpage 40

Page 41: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

*SIMULATE Methods (can't)Other useful options:• PPV trailer cards:

- MODDENSITY- MODTEMP- COOLOENSIT- COOLTEMP- MD20PURITY- CD20PURITY- BORONINMOO- FINDBORON

moderator densitymoderator temperaturecoolant densitycoolant temperature

moderator O2°puritycoolant 020 purityboron in moderatorfind boron value to achieve

target keff29/03/2005 1000041U:dpmsword/arsenault

page 41

Page 42: AECL EACL - CANDU Owners Group Library/20054308.pdf · AECL EACL *Simulate *Intrep Benoit Arsenault, AECL March, 2000 29/03/2005 100004/U:dpmswordlarsenault page 1

SIMULATE Methods (can't)

• All types of these cards change the input for all PPVfuel types found under the index ROOO and generatenew tables for fuel and reflector

• For grid-based local parameters they have no effectunless *POWDERPUF module is rerun with "LOCALPARM" option after the change

• For history based calculations all cards are effectiveexcept COOLDENSIT and COOLTEMP which comefrom NUCIRC and are independent of the PPV input.

29/0312005 100004/U :dpmsword/arsenaultpage 42


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