Aerosol and chemical transport in tropical

convection

ACTIVE

Airborne measurements for ACTIVE

ARA Egrett, 10 - 15 km

NERC Dornier

0-5 km

Ozonesondes (profiles)

Egrett payloadBasic Meteorology and position Pressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPS

DMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) † Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm), light absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal

2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)

Total condensation particles > 40 nm & > 80 nm

DMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS)

Cloud Droplet psd, aerosol/small particle assymetry, aerosol refractive index,large ice psd, (0.3<Dp<3,200 µm), Total Liquid Water Content

DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) Particle Size Distribution (2< Dp<60 µm)

SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230 Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (30 < Dp< 2,300µm)

Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s, 0.1

2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors)

Water vapour, 2 Hz, 0.005 ppmv precision

Julich CO analyser High precision (± 2 ppb), fast response (10 Hz) CO

Cambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min, 5%

TE-49C UV Ozone sensor Ozone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds)

Adsorbent tube carbon trap C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenes

NO and NO2 chemiluminescent detector † 200 ppt @ 10 Hz; 30 ppt @ 4 s integration

† alternates Aerosol

Humidity Cloud Physics

Chemistry Met/Position

Dornier payloadBasic meteorology Aventech probe ARSF/Manchester

Position/Timing GPS ARSF

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nm Manchester

Condensation particle counter

Aerosol concentration > 10 nm Manchester

Grimm Optical Particle Counter

Aerosol size distribution, 0.5 – 20 μm

Manchester

Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer

Aerosol size distribution 50 nm – 2 µm

Manchester

Aerosol spectrometer probe Aerosol size distn, 0.1 – 1 µm Manchester

FSSP Aerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm) Manchester

Filters Coarse aerosol composition Manchester

Ozone UV absorption, 2B York

CO AL5003 York

VOC Adsorbent tubes York

NO/NOx (TWP-ICE period only) Chemiluminescence/catalysis York

Halocarbons DIRAC gas chromatograph Cambridge

Black Carbon PSAP DLR

Aerosol Chemistry Met/Position

Egrett payloadBasic Meteorology and position Pressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPS

DMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) † Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm), light absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal

2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Total condensation particles > 10 nm & > 80 nm

DMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS)

Cloud particle size distribution, aerosol/small particle asymmetry, aerosol refractive index (0.3<Dp<2,000 µm)

DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) Particle Size Distribution (2< Dp<62 µm)

SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230 Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (10 < Dp< 2,300 µm)

Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s, 0.1

2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors) Water vapour, 2 Hz, 1 ppmv

Julich CO analyser High precision (± 2 ppbv), fast response (1 Hz) CO

Cambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min, 5%

TE-49C UV Ozone sensor Ozone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds)

Adsorbent tube carbon trap C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenes

NO and NO2 chemiluminescent detector † 200 ppt @ 10 Hz; 30 ppt @ 4 s integration

† alternates Aerosol

Humidity Cloud Physics

Chemistry Met/Position

Dornier payloadAventech AIMMS-20 probe Basic Meteorology ARSF/Manchester

GPS Position/Timing ARSF

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nm Manchester

Condensation particle counter

Aerosol concentration > 10 nm Manchester

Grimm Optical Particle Counter

Aerosol size distribution, 0.3 – 2 μm

Manchester

Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer

Aerosol size distribution 0.1 – 0.8 μm

Manchester

Aerosol spectrometer probe Aerosol size distribution, 0.2 – 2 µm

Manchester

FSSP Aerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm) Manchester

PSAP Black Carbon aerosol DLR

Filters Coarse aerosol composition Manchester

2B technologies model 202 Ozone York

Aerolaser AL5003 CO York

Automatic tube sampler C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, OVOCs etc

York

Chemiluminescence/catalysis NO/NOx York

DIRAC gas chromatograph Halocarbons CambridgeAerosol Chemistry Met/

Position

Campaign 1

13 ED 14 15 ED 16ED GF

17 18 19 D GF

20 21 22 23 D GF

24 D 25 26

27 E 28 D F

29 GF

30EDGF(2)

1 ED 2 3 E

4 ED 5 ED GF

6 E 7 8 E 9 E 10 E

Test Survey Hector Mixed survey/Hector

Nov

Dec

Single-cellular Hector

Multi-cellular Hector

Mini-monsoon

Campaign 2Jan 16 17 18 19 D 20ED 21

22ED T

23 E T

24 25 ED PT

26 D 27 ED PT

28

29 30 D 31 E 1 ED 2 D 3 ED 4

5 6 ED PT

7 8 ED T

9 D T

10ED PT

11

12 EDPT

13 E 14 ED 15 E 16 17 Feb

Test Survey Lidar Monsoon Aged anvil Hector

Single-cellular Hector

Multi-cellular Hector

Active Monsoon Inactive Monsoon

Summary of flights

7

1

3

2

Hector

Survey

Test

Cirrus

5

41

3

2

Hector

Survey

Test

Cirrus

Monsoon

73

2

ConvectionSurveyTest

Campaign 1 Campaign 2

Egrett

Dornier

7

7

1

ConvectionSurveyTest

O3sondes: 23 8

13 15

12 15

Single-cell storm, Nov 16

17:30

16:15

Flights, Nov 16

Dornier

GeophysicaEgrett

Falcon

Cloud particles: CAPSCloud imaging probe: large

particles

Cloud and aerosol spectrometer: small particles observed in first Egrett transect of

anvil

Data: A. Heymsfield and A. Bansamer

Multicell thunderstorm: 30 Nov

14:12

15:25

17:05

15:10

Joint flights, 30th November

Dornier

Geophysica

Dornier

Egrett

Falcon

15:00

16:23

Monsoon convection: 22 Jan 2006MTSAT infra-red image

Aircraft tracks: Egrett (red) and Twin Otter

(green)

Rain rate from polarimetric radar

Courtesy: Peter May, BoM

Evolution of Egrett CO profiles during ACTIVE (ascent profiles only)

Data from A. Volz-Thomas and W. Pätz

Summary

• Around 30 flights with each aircraft in and around tropical convection

• Inflow conditions change from polluted early in November (smoke from biomass burning) to very clean in Jan/Feb

• Hectors observed in polluted and clean regine

• Monsoon convection observed in the second half of January

The Consortium

University of Manchester: Geraint Vaughan (PI), Tom Choularton, Hugh CoeMartin Gallagher, Keith

BowerUniversity of Cambridge: John Pyle, Neil Harris,

Peter Haynes, Rod JonesUniversity of York (UK): Ally Lewis

York University (Toronto): Jim WhitewayDLR (Germany): Reinhold BusenFZ Julich, Germany: Andreas Volz-ThomasNCAR, Boulder: Andy Heymsfield Australian Bureau of Meteorology: Peter MayAirborne Research Australia: Jörg Hacker

Summary

• 7 Egrett Hector flights (3 NOX, 4 aerosol)

• 2 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NOx, 1 aerosol)

• 1 Egrett survey (aerosol)• 3 Egrett test flights• 7 Dornier convection

flights• 3 Dornier survey flights• Intercomparison leg• 2 Dornier test flights• 23 ozonesondes

• 2 Monsoon anvil flights (1 NOx, 1 aerosol)

• 5 Egrett Hector flights (2 NOX, 3 aerosol)

• 3 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NOx, 2 aerosol)

• 4 Egrett survey (1 aerosol, 2 lidar, 1 transit)

• 1 Egrett calibration flight• 7 Dornier convection

flights• 7 Dornier survey flights• Intercomparison flight• 1 Dornier test flights• 8 ozonesondes

Campaign 1 Campaign 2

Objectives Relate measurements of aerosols and

chemicals in the TTL to low-level sources. Determine how deep convection modifies

the aerosol population reaching the TTL, and thus evaluate its impact on cirrus nucleation.

Determine the relative contribution of convection and large-scale transport to the composition of the TTL over Darwin.

Compare the effects of monsoon and pre-monsoon convection on the composition of the TTL.

Determine the contribution of deep convection to the NOx and O3 budget in the TTL

Measure how much black carbon reaches the outflow regions of the storms.