Date post: | 29-Jun-2015 |
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Agroforestry in the Era of the Sustainable Development
Goals…and Beyond
Dennis Garrity
Sustainable Development Goals• Food security • Poverty eradication• Health • Gender equity • Universal Education• Reversing land degradation• Climate change resilience• Biodiversity conservation• Energy for all
Trend in non-climate related net primary productivity 1981–2006. Conijn et al 2013.
New post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal: Zero Net Land Degradation by 2030
Five million hectares of croplands now dominated by fertilizer-fodder-fuewood trees in Niger
A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
A Desertifying Landscape Southern Niger in the 1980s
The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement
Microclimatic variation: Crop Canopy Temperature
African farmers have shown us the way to successfully integrate trees into cropping systems:
When will we catch up and fully deploy their insights?
Evergreen agriculture with Faidherbia albida in Zambia.
FaidherbiaGliricidia
Maize stubble
Faidherbia
Gliricidia
Maize
DRY SEASON
WET SEASON
Fertilizer-Fodder-Fuelwood Trees in Food Crop Production Systems
EverGreen Agriculture
Connecting with theHard-Core Aggies to
Transform Food Crop Production Systems
Guess who said this:
“Some people say ‘Give the customers what they want.’ But that’s not my approach. Our job is to figure out what they’re going to want before they do. “Henry Ford once said ‘If I’d asked customers what they wanted they would have said ‘A faster horse.’
“People don’t know what they want until you show it to them.
“That’s why I never rely on market research. Our task is to read things thatn are not yet on the page.”
“People don’t know what they want until you show it to them.
“That’s why I never rely on market research. Our task is to read things thatn are not yet on the page.”
-- Steve Jobs
Wheat production with walnut trees France
Types of Evergreen Agriculture
1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) on cropland
2. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT)
3. Conventional food crop production interplanted with trees
Major agroforestry regions in West Africa and directions of expansion
17 Countries
engaged in
EverGreen
Agriculture
in Africa
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
Conservation Agriculture with trees
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration + Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland
EverGreen Agriculture Partnership
What do we need to do to fully mobilize for the upcoming global revolution in
agroforestry upscaling?• Urgent need to map agroforestry across the
world at global, regional, and national scales
• Create a Global Agroforestry Assessment based on national assessments
• Develop a global plan to upscale agroforestry
• Staff up in linking agroforestry science to development
The Perennialization of Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
The Holy Grail of Agroforestry Genomics:
Identifying and Manipulating the Genes for Reverse Phenology
Total Global Emissions are accelerating…but land-based emissions are declining
Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions
Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
The Perennialization of Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
The Perennialization of Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
For More Information
World Agroforestry Centre www.worldagroforestry.org
Evergreen Agriculture web site www.evergreenagriculture.net
Email contacts:[email protected]
Channels for Reducing Vulnerability
1. Buffer crop production from drought stress
-- Sustain higher and more stable yields by more favorable microclimate
-- Conserve and enhance soil organic matter, infiltration and water holding capacity
2. Tree crops generally less severely affected by drought, heat, excess water
3. Greater diversity of income sources
Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration on crop fields: Initial Stages
A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement
Zero Net Land Degradation
Classify all land into three categories:
– Degrading– Regenerating– Stable
Monitor land degradation and regeneration in terms of biomass production.
Calculate the ratio: Regenerating/DegradingThe target is a ratio exceeding 1.0
What is Evergreen Agriculture?
A form of more intensive farming that integrates trees into crop and livestock production systems.
Evergreen farming systems are ‘double- story’ systems that feature both perennial and annual species (food crops and trees), maintaining a green cover on the land throughout the year.
Wheat production with Paulownia trees> 3 m hectares in China
Training for farmer groups
curricula material for universities and technical colleges improved
Improved government policies
Improved technical
capacity of extension
and government scaling up
efforts
Improved communications and
awareness
Provision of products
and services by the Private
sector
Technical and institutional capacity built to support spread of EverGreen Agriculture
Collaboration between
organisations supporting EverGreen Agriculture
EverGreen Agriculture PartnershipEverGreen Agriculture Partnership