−100

−50

0

50

100

%

0

0

0

10

10

20

20

20

20

30

30

40

50

50

50

60

60

−20

−20

−10

0

0

−90 −75 −60 −45 −30 −15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

1000

700

500

250

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

af834 − ERA Q bias

Latitude (degrees)

Alti

tude

(hP

a)

Min = −32.8 Mean = 8.38 Max = 79.3

● ● ● ●

●

●

● ●●

●●

●

010

020

030

0Alert (82.4N, 62.5W, 210m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ● ●●

● ●● ● ● ●

af834

r = 0.932 MBE = −25.5%

●● ●

●

●

●

● ●●

●●

●

010

020

030

0

Barrow (71.3N, 156.6W, 11m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ●●

● ● ●●

● ● ● ●

r = 0.806 MBE = −19.1%

● ● ● ●●

●● ● ●

●●

●

010

020

030

0

Mace Head (53.3N, 9.9W, 25m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ●●

● ●●

● ● ● ●

r = 0.813 MBE = −8.51%

● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ●●

●

010

020

030

0

Park Falls (45.9N, 90.2W, 472m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ●● ●

●

●

● ●

●

●

● ●

r = −0.768 MBE = 51.8%

●● ● ●

●●

● ● ● ● ● ●

010

020

030

0

Niwot Ridge (40.0N, 105.6W, 3475m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

●● ● ● ●

●●

●

●●

● ●

r = −0.829 MBE = 72%

●●

● ● ●

●

● ●● ●

● ●

010

020

030

0

Tae−ahn Peninsula (36.7N, 126.1E, 20m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

●●

●

● ●

●

● ●

r = −0.127 MBE = 43.8%

●● ● ● ●

●●

● ● ● ● ●

010

020

030

0

Gozo (36.0N, 14.1E)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

● ● ●●

r = 0.267 MBE = −14.4%

●● ● ●

●

●● ● ●

●● ●

010

020

030

0

Key Biscayne (25.7N, 80.2W, 3m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ● ● ●●

●

● ● ● ●

r = 0.795 MBE = 23%

● ●● ●

●●

● ●● ● ●

●

010

020

030

0

Mauna Loa (19.5N, 155.6W, 3397m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ●●

●●

r = 0.798 MBE = 5.28%

● ● ● ●●

●● ● ● ●

●●

050

100

150

200

Ragged Point (13.2N, 59.4W, 45m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ●●

●●

●●

●●

● ● ●

r = 0.526 MBE = 8.66%

●●

● ●●

● ● ● ● ●● ●

050

100

150

200

Christmas Island (1.7N, 157.2W, 3m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●

● ● ●

r = −0.45 MBE = 28.3%

● ● ● ●● ● ●

●● ●

●●

050

100

150

200

Ascension Island (7.9S, 14.4W, 54m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●

r = 0.501 MBE = 37.2%

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ●●

050

100

150

Samoa (14.2S, 170.5W, 42m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ●● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

r = 0.837 MBE = 41.9%

● ● ● ● ●●

●●

● ●●

●

050

100

150

Easter Island (27.1S, 109.4W, 50m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ●●

●

r = 0.85 MBE = 37.8%

● ● ● ●● ●

● ●● ●

●●

050

100

150

Cape Grim (40.7S, 144.7E, 94m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

r = 0.776 MBE = 83.9%

●● ● ●

●●

●●

● ●●

●

020

4060

80

Crozet Island (46.5S, 51.8E, 120m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ●●

●●

● ● ● ●●

●

r = 0.906 MBE = 59.2%

● ● ● ●●

●●

●● ●

●

●

020

4060

80

Syowa Station (69.0S, 39.6E, 11m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ●●

●●

●● ● ●

●

●

r = 0.963 MBE = 66%

● ● ●●

●●

●●

● ●

●

●

020

4060

80

South Pole (90.0S, 24.8W, 2810m)

CO

(pp

b)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

● ● ●●

●●

●● ● ●

●

●

r = 0.981 MBE = 68.4%

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

ppm

0.05

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45 0.45

0.1

0.15

0.15

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.3

0.4 0.4

0.45

0.5

−75 −60 −45 −30 −15 0 15 30 45 60 75

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

MLS − UKCA af834 ClO comparison

Latitude (degrees)

Alti

tude

(km

)

Min = 3.86e−08 Max = 0.482

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

356290172243206170225133203139222af834

Emmons CO comparison

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285

CO (ppb)A

ltitu

de /k

m

3842892002131961532119915284200

●●●●●●●

●●●●

●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

459295154208176124174145190254180

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

2111101011101910101660

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

2188177941513951

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 1400

24

68

10

PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

520240731331639814061

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

82340997208279522130151

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

2223812514571481302018840145

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

691252425576130482714812

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

422342951514121412852

●●●●●●●●

●●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

3077898144138464732147

●●●●●●●●●

● ● ● ● ●●

●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●

●

20 40 60 80 100 140

02

46

810

TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10

CO (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

732318114212023971417468

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

2781788911019098128138145144155af834

Emmons HNO3 comparison

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285

HNO3 (ppt)A

ltitu

de /k

m

27816611486182761131049577131

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

390235116152164131153114222212208

●●●●●●●●●

●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

10744362322420

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●

0 50 100 150 2000

24

68

10

PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

1857623624339276

●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 50 100 150 200

02

46

810

PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

3311593379711312919

●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

321182010316116911

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

121341531328

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

11310124122123

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

109201182165215

●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●

●●

●●●●●

●●

●●

●●

●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10

HNO3 (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

204829435161240

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA East Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 40 Lon 296.5 − 307

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

333237123168171136154158190183230af834

Emmons NOx comparison

●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA Central 2004 07 Lat 30 − 40 Lon 259.5 − 285

NOx (ppt)A

ltitu

de /k

m

353227137147161124135119137105197

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA North East 2004 07 Lat 42.5 − 52.5 Lon 285 − 310

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

402241131174162137183167285193208

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 100 200 300 400 500

02

46

810

INTEX−NA West Coast 2004 07 Lat 32.5 − 45 Lon 217 − 240

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

22101892481661123102

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

OP3 2008 07 Lat 2.5 − 7.5 Lon 112.5 − 120

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 20 40 60 80 1000

24

68

10

PEM−Tropics−B Christmas−Island 1999 03 Lat 0 − 10 Lon 200 − 220

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

26213711782831343152

●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 20 40 60 80 100

02

46

810

PEM−Tropics−B Tahiti 1999 03 Lat −20 − 0 Lon 200 − 230

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

37123043327468485390226

●●●●●●●

●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 200 400 600 800 1000

02

46

810

PEM−West−B Japan 1994 02 Lat 25 − 40 Lon 135 − 150

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

22819143121882815229185581

●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil 1992 09 Lat −15 − −5 Lon 310 − 320

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

43801717313617217204

●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A E−Brazil Coast 1992 09 Lat −35 − −25 Lon 310 − 320

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

2411182968887422

●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 500 1500 2500

02

46

810

TRACE−A S−Africa 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 15 − 35

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

1833393514491418650

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

0 100 200 300 400 500

02

46

810

TRACE−A W−Africa Coast 1992 09 Lat −25 − −5 Lon 0 − 10

NOx (ppt)

Alti

tude

/km

351311631310104754229

−50 0 50

UKCA af834

Latitude

Pre

ssur

e (h

Pa)

[OH] Air mass weighted (106 molecules cm−3) Red: Spivakovsky valuesValues in ( ): Std devMean OH= 8.31e+05 molec/cm3

ACCMIP Multi−model Mean= 1.17 (+/− 0.1) e+06 molec/cm3 NH:SH ratio= 1.52 Patra et al 2014: 0.97 +/− 0.12

1000

750

500

250

0.29 1.3 1.7 0.67

0.33 1.3 1.5 0.62

0.26 0.86 1 0.43

0.47 1.44 1.52 0.76

0.72 2 1.99 0.88

0.64 1.43 1.36 0.64

(0.28) (0.16) (0.15) (0.5)

(0.26) (0.24) (0.19) (0.33)

(0.19) (0.15) (0.16) (0.24)

010

030

050

0

r = 0.933 mbe =−41.9 ppbv

South Pole

Ozo

ne (

ppbv

)

r = 0.718 mbe =−18.3 ppbv

Southern Midlat

r = 0.106 mbe =3.01 ppbv

Tropics2

r = 0.361 mbe =−8.49 ppbv

Tropics3

r = 0.544 mbe =0.149 ppbv

East US

af834 Tilmes ozone sonde comparison

r = 0.715 mbe =−10.5 ppbv

Japan

r = 0.796 mbe =7.81 ppbv

West EU

r = 0.883 mbe =−42 ppbv

Canada

r = 0.983 mbe =−35.7 ppbv

North Pole East

r = 0.964 mbe =−96.1 ppbv

250 hPa

North Pole West0

2040

6080

100

r = 0.947 mbe =−9.03 ppbv

Ozo

ne (

ppbv

)

r = 0.841 mbe =−9.91 ppbv

r = 0.416 mbe =2.18 ppbv

r = 0.728 mbe =−12.1 ppbv

r = 0.908 mbe =−3.17 ppbv

r = 0.735 mbe =−6.38 ppbv

r = 0.971 mbe =−6.31 ppbv

r = 0.792 mbe =−4.09 ppbv

r = 0.923 mbe =−10.3 ppbv

r = 0.837 mbe =−6.59 ppbv

500 hPa

020

4060

8010

0

r = 0.991 mbe =−4.19 ppbv

Ozo

ne (

ppbv

)

r = 0.962 mbe =−0.488 ppbv

r = 0.79 mbe =16.4 ppbv

r = 0.955 mbe =13 ppbv

r = 0.884 mbe =1.22 ppbv

r = 0.656 mbe =−2.01 ppbv

r = 0.876 mbe =6.49 ppbv

r = 0.203 mbe =10.5 ppbv

r = 0.642 mbe =−0.926 ppbv

r = 0.354 mbe =4.81 ppbv

700 hPa

020

4060

80 r = 0.998 mbe =−7.23 ppbv

Jan May Sep

Ozo

ne (

ppbv

)

r = 0.976 mbe =−6.03 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = 0.298 mbe =11.3 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = 0.907 mbe =5.19 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = 0.959 mbe =−4.07 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = 0.769 mbe =−9.03 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = 0.914 mbe =−3.33 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = −0.171 mbe =−2.92 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = −0.00871 mbe =−12.9 ppbv

Jan May Sep

r = −0.632 mbe =−6.13 ppbv

Jan May Sep

900 hPa

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2025

30Tropical Mean Age Profile

Mean Age (years)

Alti

tude

(km

)UKCA af834 Mean Age of Air

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2025

30

Midlatitude Mean Age Profile

Mean Age (years)A

ltitu

de (

km)

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

2025

30

Trop−Midlat Mean Age Gradient Profile

Mean Age Gradient (years)

Alti

tude

(km

)

af834SF6

−50 0 50

01

23

45

6

Mean Age, 23km (~50hPa)

Latitude (degrees)

Mea

n A

ge (

year

s)

−50 0 50

510

1520

UKCA af834 Ox Net Chemical Production

Latitude (degrees)

Alti

tude

(km

)

−2e−19

−1e−19

0e+00

1e−19

2e−19

Ox Prod = 4.53e+03Tg/yrOx Loss = 3.85e+03Tg/yr

Ox Net = 679Tg/yrSTE inferred = 217Tg/yr

STE diag. = 1.16e+06Tg/yrLifetime = 20days

HO

2+N

O

MeO

2+N

O

RO

2+N

O

Oth

er

af834 Production of Tropospheric Ox

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

68 19 10 3O

1D+

H2O

Min

or

HO

2+O

3

OH

+O

3

O3+

Alk

NxO

y

O3d

ry

NO

ydep

af834 Loss of Tropospheric Ox

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

43 0 27 8 2 1 16 3

−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150

−50

050

UKCA Ox deposition af834

Longitude (degrees)

Latit

ude

(deg

rees

)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Total Ox Deposition = 895 Tg/yr

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

6090S − 60S

Ozone (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

af834ACEUARSMLSMIPASTES

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

60S − 30S

Ozone (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

30S − 30N

Ozone (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

30N − 60N

Ozone (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

60N − 90N

Ozone (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

90S − 60S

HONO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

af834ACEUARS

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

60S − 30S

HONO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

30S − 30N

HONO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

1020

3040

5060

30N − 60N

HONO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

010

2030

4050

60

60N − 90N

HONO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10

010

2030

4050

6090S − 60S

NO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

af834ACEUARS

0 2 4 6 8 10

010

2030

4050

60

60S − 30S

NO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10

010

2030

4050

60

30S − 30N

NO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10

010

2030

4050

60

30N − 60N

NO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 2 4 6 8 10

010

2030

4050

60

60N − 90N

NO2 (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 50 100 200 300

010

2030

4050

60

90S − 60S

H2O (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

af834ACEUARS

0 50 100 200 300

010

2030

4050

60

60S − 30S

H2O (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 50 100 200 300

010

2030

4050

60

30S − 30N

H2O (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 50 100 200 3000

1020

3040

5060

30N − 60N

H2O (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 50 100 200 300

010

2030

4050

60

60N − 90N

H2O (ppm)

Alti

tude

/km

0 100 200 300 400

010

2030

4050

6090S − 60S

N2O (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

af834ACEUARS

0 100 200 300 400

010

2030

4050

60

60S − 30S

N2O (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 100 200 300 400

010

2030

4050

60

30S − 30N

N2O (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 100 200 300 400

010

2030

4050

60

30N − 60N

N2O (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

0 100 200 300 400

010

2030

4050

60

60N − 90N

N2O (ppb)

Alti

tude

/km

−50 0 50

05

1015

20UKCA af834

Latitude (degrees)

Alti

tude

(km

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

% CH4 + OH flux (moles cm−3 s−1)

Methane lifetime valuesTrop−only vs OH= 9.07 yr

Whole Atm vs OH = 9.32 yr ACCMIP Whole Atm vs OH = 9.3 +/− 0.9 yrWhole Atm vs Total (OH+soil+strat) = 8.01 yr ACCMIP vs Total = 8.2 +/− 0.8 yr