By: Ana Rose D. JarabaBsed-3B

Attitude

• defined as a mental predisposition to act that is to expressed by evaluating a particular entity w/ some degree of favor or disfavor.

Comprised of four components.a. Cognitionsb. Affectc. Behavioral Intentionsd. Evaluation

1. Cognitions• beliefs, theories , expectancies ,

cause- and –effect beliefs and perceptions relative to the object.

2. Affect • refers to our feeling with respect to

the focal object such as fear, liking, or anger.

3. Behavioural Intentions• are our goals, aspirations, and our

expected responses to the attitude object

Emotion and Cognition are inextricably linked and perhaps never entirely separate, distinctive nor pure. ~William James

The separation of the head from the heart has contributed to a fractured education system that produces minds that do not know how to feel and hearts that do not know how to think. ~Parker Palmer

4. Evaluation considered as central components of

attitudes.Consist of imputation of some object

degree of goodness or badness to an attitude object. “ it is most often the evaluation that

is stored in memory, often w/o the corresponding conditions and affect that were responsible for its formation.”( Robert Scholl, University of Rhode Island , 2002)

Why study of attitudes?

a reason or set of reasons for engaging in a particular behavioral especially human behavioral as studied in Psychology and Neuropsychology.

Refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior.(Geen, 1995)

There are many theories that explain human motivation.

2. Motivation

The Need Theory

1. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy physiologicalSafety and securitySocialSelf esteemSelf actualization

2. Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theoryConcludes that certain factors in the

workplace result in the job satisfaction, while others do not, but if absent lead to dissatisfaction. He distinguished b/w:

MotivatorsHygiene factors(e.g. status, job

security)

3. Clayton Alderfer ERG Theory( existence, relatedness

and growth).Physiological and safety, the lower

order needs, are placed in the existence category

love and self esteem needs in the relatedness category

The growth category contained the self – actualization needs.

MOTIVATION IN EDUCATION

Can have several effects on how students learn and their behavior towards the subject matter (Ormrod, 2003). it can:

1. direct behavior toward particular goals.2. Lead to increased effort and energy.3. Increase initiation of and persistence in , activities.4. Enhance cognitive processing.5. Determine what consequences are reinforcing.6. Lead to improved performance.

Two kinds of Motivation

1. Intrinsic MotivationOccurs when people are internally

motivated to do something.2. Extrinsic MotivationComes into play when a student is

compelled to do something or act in a certain way.

3.

an impression that one is capable of performing in a certain manner or attaining certain goals.

A belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations.

3. SELF -EFFICACY

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