M. Rene VIVIANI (France). - 11 convient de donner M. Rene VIVIANI (France).qu,elque;s eclaircisstelme'nts a l'Asse;m'b1&e. Nous ne de- Translationmanldons pas a ce's pays Ide faire partie des organisations Some explanations should be given to the Assembly.techniques; nous les laissons librese de liedemandee ema . are not asking these countries to take part in theC'est bien ainsi que noius avons vofte a la Comdmission. Technical Organisations. We are leaving them free to askPar conselquent, si l'Arlmenie ne fait aucune demdande, to do so. That was what we voted for in the Committee.elle n'entirera pas dlanis les organisations techniques. In consequence, if Armenia makes no request, she will not

enter the Technical Organisations.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Je me permets de faire remar- The PRESIDENT.quer a l'Assemiblee que la recomima;ndation est co!nque Translation:dans des terlmes qui ne correspondent pas exactement I beg to remind the Assembly that the recommendationa la pensee qui vient d'etre exprim,6e. Voici, en effet, is worded in a manner which does not exactly correspondcomment elle a 6te formulee par la Colmmission: with the idea just expressed. As worded by the Committee,

it reads as follows:

< Qu'en attendant les decisions ulterireures de " That, pending the subsequent decisions of thel'Asselmlblee, oet EtIat - l'Armenie - sera libire Assembly, this State (Armenia) may participate in suchdie particilper aux organisationis techniques dce la Technical Organisations of the League as are of generalSociete qui sont d'i:ntert genral >>. interest."

Mais je reconnais que ce texte ne peut recevoir d'au- But I admit that no other interpretation can be given totre interpretation qune celle de M. Viviani, c'est-a-dire this text than that of M. Viviani. That is to say, ifclue si l'Armenie le demande, on lui ouvrira les portes Armenia so requests, the Technical Organisations will bedes organisations techniques. open to her.

Ce vceu est colmple6t par la dernniere phrase dui rap- This recommendation was completed by the last wordsport de la Comlmission, dont voici les termes: of the Report of the Committee, which were as follows:

< La Commission propose a l'Assemblee die re- " The Committee suggests that the Assembly shouldcommander a la Colnference in'terniaitio,nale dui recommend to the International Labour Conference totravail d'exam;iner s'il ne lui est pas possible examine the possibility of eventually admitting thisd'admettre eventuelleimle:nt cet Etat sur sa de- State on its application into the International Labourmalnd'e, dan!s I'Organisation Jinternation!ale du tra- Organisation."vail. >

Tel:Ie est la questioin stlr laquelle, me seemble-t-il, il y This is the question with regard to which, it seems to mle,a lieu de consult'er I'AssembldIe. Je ne pena!se pas qu'il the Assembly should be consulted. I do not think that therepuisse y avoir tine opposition a ce voeu. can be any opposition to this recomlmendation.

M. MILLEN (Australie). The Hon. E. D. MILLEN (Australia).-If that recommen-Tradluction: clation is an affirmative one, if Armenia applies, will

she be admitted ?Ce vceu tend-il a dmettre l'Arme6nie dans les orga- nisationsi teohnilques si elle en fait la demande ?

M. lc PRESIDENT. Parfaitement. The PRESIDENT.Translation:Certainly.

M. MILLEN (Australie). The Hon. E. D. MILLEN (Australia).-Tlen, if it is~Tr~~aduction~~ '~: ~affirmative, I submit that this Assembly will be able to do

DTr. . .-aduction . nothing until it is in a position to affirm or deny the informa-Danls les conditions,' I'Assemblee agirait sagement, tion which the Press has given us, and before taking anyavant de prendre une decision, en se renseignant sur le further action with regard to the State of Armenia, I suggestbielnrfoinde des informrations parues dans la presse ; avant that we satisfy ourselves on that point.de faire une demarche quelconque au sujet de l'Armenie,je proipose que nous attendions des eclaircissements.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Nous n'avons d'autre moyen The PRESIDENT.de trancher cette difficulte que de charger le Conseil de Translation statuer sur la demande de I'Armenie, si l'Armniie fait There is only one way out of the present difficulty, that istne demande. to ask the Council-to decide on the admission of Armenia,

if Armenia does apply.

M. G. N. BARNES (Empire britanlnMique). Mr. N. BARNES (British Empire).-May I suggestTraduction: there is another way out of the difficulty, so far as we areQu'on me permette de dire qu'a mon avis le meilleur concerned, and that is to proceed to the next business.

moyen de slortir d'embarras serait de passer a la ques- I propose, if you will allow me to adopt that course, thattion suivante inscrite a l'ordre du jour. Je propose, avec we say that it is very inadvisable that a vote should be

- 591 -

votre permis'sion, que nous declarions cu'il est tout a taken at all. If a vote is taken in the affirmative, it is afait inopportun de voter quoi que ce soit. En effet, si farce, and if a vote results in a negative, it appears to givenous procedons a un vote, et que le r6sultat de ce vote a slap in the face to Armenia, which no one is desirous ofsoit affirlmatif, ce sera simplement une comedie ; si le doing. Therefore, to get out of the difficulty, I vote thatresultat du vote est negatif, c'est un soufflet que nous we proceed to the next business.donnerons a l'Armenie et personne ne desire faire cela.Je 'propose donc, pour sortir d'embarras, *de passer aI'examen de la question suivante.

M. le PRESIDENT. - M. Barnes vient de proposer The PRESIDENT.de passer a la suite de l'orldre du jour. On me fait obser- Translation ver qu'en droit parlementaire anglais, cette proposition Mr Banes has just proposed that we should pass to theequivaut a la question prealable; ii m'est cependant next business on the agenda. I am told that in Englishdifficile de la considerer commnre telle. Parliamentary procedure this is equivalent to moving the

previous question. It is difficult, however, for me to regardit as such.

,En realit6, M. Barnes est hostile aux conclusions de la In reality, Mr. Barnes is opposed to the decisions of theComimission. A mon avis, sa proposition, loin de consti- Committee. In my opinion, his motion does not constitutetuer une question prealaible, est la justification d'un vo'te a previous question, but is the equivalent of a hostile vote.negatif.

,M. G. N. BARNES (Empire bri'taniniique). Mr. G. N. BARNES (British Empire).-I do not mind howTraduction': my suggestion is taken as long as we avoid having a vote.Donnez a ma proposition linterprtation que vs I am prepared to move the previous question if necessary.Donnez a ma proposition Iinterpr6tation que vous

voudrez, monsieur le President; ce que je desiire, c'estque l'Assemblee soit dispensee de voter sur le fond. Jesuis p'ret a poser la ques:tioin: prealaible.

M. le PRESIDENT. - La seule maniere d'eviter le The PRESIDENT.vote sur le fond, c'est de decider l'ajournement de la Translation-question. La difficulte sera ainsi reso'lue. The only way to avoid a vote on the main question is to

move the adjournment of the question. The difficultywill thus be solved.

M. G. N. BARNES (Empire britann!liique). Mr. G. N. BARNES (British Empire).--I move it.Tracluction Je propose formielIememnit l'ajo'urneeme'ont de la question'.

The PRESIDENT.M. le PRESIDENT. - M. Barnes propose d'ajour- T PRESIDENT.ner 'toute decis:ion en ce qui concerne la represe'ntatioin Translationde l'Armenie dans les organisimes techniques. Mr. Barnes proposes that we should postpone any decision

Je dois faire remarquer a l'Assemblee qu'elle est ainsi with regard to the representation of Armenia in the Techni-en presence d'une question pr6alable suivant les termes cal Organisations.de l'article 18 du reglement et que, outre l'auteur de la I must reinind the Assembly that we have thus before usproposition, deux orateurs dans chaque sens seulement a previous question under Article 18 of the Rules of Pro-peuvent prendre la parole. cedure, and that, apart from the mover of the motion, only

two speakers can speak on each side.

M. ROWELL (Canada). The Hon. N. W. ROWELL (Canada).-What will be theTraduction effect upon the recommendation I have submitted if this

motion is adopted ? This motion deals with the admis-Je voudrais savoir quel sera l'effet de la motion que ion io Tecical Organisations ine deals withl'lon n, ous prop~ose id'adopter sur le sort de la reconman- dlfferent matter.da:tilon que 'ai preslen'tee. Clette imlotioln viEse l'admissiondies' Etats idans les l organiismes te'chniq'ues; ma recoln-mandaitionl se rapplo;rte a utne au'tre question.

Lord Robert CECIL (Afrique du Sud). Lord Robert CECIL (South Africa).--The two questionsTraduction are quite independent.Les deux questions sont tout a fait independantes.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Le voeu vpresente par M. Ro- The PRESIDENT.well est tout a fait distinct des propositions de la Con- Translation mission. Lorsque l'Assemble6e se sera prononcee sur la The recomendation proposed by- Mr. Rowell is quiteproposition qui vient d'etre faite, je.soumettrai a son exa- distinct from the proposal of the Committee. When themen le voeu de M. Rowell. Assembly has taken a decision on the motion which has

just been proposed, I shall submit Mr. Rowell's recom-mendation for its consideration.

-- 592 -

M. Rene VIVIANI (France).- II y a une maniere M. Rene VIVIANI (France).simple de nous mettre d'accord. II n'est pas douteux Translation que la sympathie pour l'Armenie rencontre un fait sur There is a simple way of coming to an agreement. Therelequel nous ne sommes pas renseignes, a savoir I'absorp- is no doubt that, sympathetic as we are towards Armenia,tion par Ies Soviets.tion par les So~viets. |we are here faced by a fact with regard to which we are

insufficiently informed-that is to say, the absorption ofArmenia by the Soviets.

Dans oes colnditio'ns, et pour evitler un vote, je de- Under these circumstances, I should desire to avoid a vote,mande une mesure qui s'aipp'lique de plein droit: c'est le and I ask that we should take a step which naturally follows,renvoi de la question arme'nienlne a Ia Commission. and refer the Armenian question back to the Committee.

M. le PRESIDENT. Je suis oblige de faire remar- The PRESIDENT.quer a l'Assemlbl6e e qu la cinquieme Commission, a Translation:laquelle l'honorable M. Viviani propose de renvoyer la I must point out to the Assembly that the Fifth Con-question armenienne, terminera ses travaux en meme mittee, to which M. Viviani proposes to refer the Armeniantemps que I'Assemnblee, c'est-a-dire dans deux jours. question, will finish its work at the same time as the

Assembly; that is to say, in two days' time.Quoi qu'il en soit, je dois mettre d'abord aux voix la In any case, I think I should first put to the vote the

motion d'ajlourneimlent de M. Barnes, qui oippose la ques- adjournment as moved by Mr. Barnes, who is moving thetion prenalable, a moins que M. Barnes ne se rallie a, la previous question, unless Mr. Barnes will support M.proposition de M. Viviani. Viviani's proposal.

M. G. N. BARNES (Empire britannique). Mr. G. N. BARNES (British Empire).-I accept M. Viviani'sTraduction proposal.Je me rallie a cette proposition.

M. Gabriel HANOTAUX (France). - La delegation M. Gabriel HANOTAUX (France).francaise tient a preciser qu'elle demande le renvoi Translation la Co!mmission pour enquete. I The French Delegation would like to emphasise its desire

that the matter should be referred back to the Committeefor enquiry.

M. le PRESIDENT.- Je dois dionc consulter l'As- The PRESIDENT.semblee sur la proposition de renvoi pour enquete a la Translationcinquieme Commission, tan.t dlonne le court intervalle I must thus ask the opinion of the Assembly on thequi nous separe de la fin de nos travaux, il est entendu motion to refer this question to the Fifth Committee forque la Co~mmission devra se r unir tres rapidenment pour enquiry. Since we are so near the end of our labours, it ispouvoir presenter son rapport a bref delai. understood that the Committee will have to meet very

shortly, in order to be able to make their report withoutdelay.

S'il n'y a pas d'opiposition, ie renvoi pour enquete est If there is no opposition, I shall declare the matter re-prononce. ferred to the Committee for enquiry.

(Le renvoi est prononce.) (It was decided to refer the matter back for enquiry.)

M. le PRESIDENT. - Je rappelle, Messieurs, les ter- The PRESIDENT.mes du vceu pres!etnte par l'honoraible M. RFowell: Translation

I would remind you, Gentlemen, of the terms of therecommendation proposed by Mr. Rowell:

L'Assemblee exprine le vif espoir que les efforts du The Assembly earnestly hopes that the efforts of the PresidentPresident des Etats-Unis, appuyes avec neergie par les of the United States, energetically supported by the Govern-Gouvernements de l'Espagne et du Bresil, ainsi que par ments of Spain and Brazil, and by the Council of the League,le Conseil de la Societe reussiront a sauver le peuple ar- will result in the preservation of the Armenian race, and inmenien et d assurer d l'Armenie un gouvernement stable securing for Armenia a stable Government exercising authorityexercant l'autorite dcans tout l'Etat et d l'interieur de ses throughout the whole of the Armenian State, as the boundariesfrontieres telles qlu'elles pourront etre fixees definitive- thereof may be finally settled under the Treaty of Sevres, sovement en vertu du Traite de Sevres, de maniere que that the Assembly may be able to admit Armenia into fulll'Assemblee puisse admettre a la prochaine session Membership of the League at ifs next Meeting.l'Armenie comme membre de la Societe avec la plenitudedes droits que cette admission confere.

Lord Robert CECIL (Afrique du Sud). Lord Robert CECIL (South Africa).-Would it not beTraduction: better to refer Mr. Rowell's recommendation also to theNe conrviendrait-il pas de renvoyer egalement la Committee ?

Conmmiissilon le vceu de M. Rowell ?

-- 593-38

M. le PIiIESIDENT. - L'Assemlblee se prono'nce-t-elle The PRESIDENT.pour le renvoi a la ICommission ? (Non.) Translation:

Is the Assembly in favour of referring this to the Com-mittee ? (Cries of "No.")

M. Renen ViIVIANI (France). - Je ne suis pas de cet M. Rene VIVIANI (France).avis. Translation:

I am not in favour of this.

M. MILLEN (Australie). The Hon. E. D. MILLEN (Australia).-In view of ourTraduct-ioni.: inability to find out whether there is war or peace in Armenia,

I was hoping that Mr. Rowell would have held this over forDans l'ignorance ou nous sommes s'il y a guerre ou the time being. The Assembly will appear little short of

paix en Armenie, j'esperais que M. Rowell aurait propose ridiculous if it sends a message to the President of thel'ajournemient de la question. Nous: risquons de nous United States asking him to intervene as a mediator betweencou.vrir de ridicule en priant le President des Etats-Unis two people who have already made peace for themselves.d'intervenir comp me medsiateur entre deux pays qui ont I was hoping, and still hope, that Mr. Rowell will see thedeja fait la paix. J'espere encore quteM. Rowell estimera advisability of holding over his motion until the Assemblyqu'il est opiportun d'e differer le vote de sa proposition has some knowledge of the facts of the case.jusqu'au moment ou l'A'ssemibllee sera eclairee sur la si-tuation.

M. RIOWELL (Canada). The Hon. N. W. ROWELL (Canada).--I have greatTraduction respect for the opinion of the Representative of Australia,

Je fais grand cs dn du d u de - but I do not think the point he has raised affects the presentJe famis gerand cras de l'opinion idu delegue de 'Austra- resolution. We have already, by the action of this Assembly,

lie, mais ie ne crois pas que la question qu'il a soul-evee set in motion certain forces looking for the preservation ofpuisse exercer uine influence sur ma proposition. Nous the Armenian race, and we trust, to the establishment ofavons deja mis en ceuvre certaines forces pour sauver la stle rnmen in ac, and tr, t his recommendationrace eaa stable Government in that country. This recommendationgouvernement stable. Ma recommand ation- eri me l' es-ragouvernement stable noa recommaspros, assurer a pays- n expresses the hope that those efforts may prove successful.

governement sable. Ma recommanda exprime l- It is an indication that this Assembly still maintains a strongpoir q'ue ceis efforrts seroant oourommnees de succes. Elle.poir que ce's efforts seronit conronn . e d.e succds. le feeling in the matter upon which it took action, and thatsignetfiel que IAisseimbolnee d ontlnule a se n preoccupeir vive- it expects the Council energetically to support the Presidentment de la questio'n dont eile a entreipris le regle!memt of the United States and the Governments of Spain andet qu'ele d'esire vwir le ©Conseil faire tou¢t son possiblle . .et qu'el.e d'esle vir 'le . Conseil fair tot s possible Brazil in their efforts to secure a stable Government. Thepour anidler le presid ent des Etats-Unlis et les gouver;ne- fact that perhaps there may be a temporary Bolshevikmenits espagnol et bresilien a assurer a .l'Armenie ufn Government may render it all the more necessary thatgouvernelme~nt stable. Le fait qu'i'l plourrait y avoir tmo-gouvernelment stable. Le fait qu'il plourraist y a.voir mo- nmediation should go on to secure a stable Government. Imepn!tanemeunt ue n gouiverlnement bolchevistem en Armenie do not think the observation of my hon. friend affects thelie pe uit que re!dire pllus nieessaiorie urnle Imdiation qui point of the present recommendation.veiille a la stabilite du gouvernemelnit. Je ne crois pasque la remarque de mo'n aimli M. Milleinl change ri'en amza recoirmMandialtioln.

M. MILLEN (Australie). The Hon. E. D. MILLEN (Australia).-I desire to abstainTraduction : either from assenting to, or dissenting from, the recommen-

Je desire bien m'arquer mon intention de m'abstenir dans cette question.

M. Ren6 VIVIANI (France). - Je tiens a marcquer que M. Rene VIVIANI (France).je vote en faveur d'u vceu d'e M. Ro w.ell. Translation:

I desire to state that I am voting in favour of Mr. Rowell'srecommendation.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Je mets aiix voix le vceu de The PRESIDENT.M. Rowell, tel que son auteur vient de le prdciser. Translation:

I put to the vote the recommendation of Mr. Rowell,which he has just explained to you.

(La recommandation, mise aux voix. est adoptee.) (The recommendation was put to the vote and carried.)

M. DORET (Haiti). - Permettez-moi, Monsieur le M. DORET (Haiti).President, de faire observer que je me suis abstenu dans Translation le vote qui vient d'avoir lieu. I should like, Sir, to point out that I abstain ed from voting.

M. le PRESIDENT. - D'apres le reglement, les mem- The PRESIDENT.bres quni s'abstileinne'nt sonrt reputdes absents. Translation:

According to the rules, members abstaining are con-sidered as absent.

-- 594 -

M. MILLEN (Australie). The Hon. E. D. MILLEN (Australia).-Do I understandTraduction : that a State which abstains from voting is regarded as beingQuand on s'abstient on est consider6 comme absent ? absent?

M. le PRESIDENT. - C'est le reglement: abstention The PRESIDENT.equivaut a absence. Voici ce que dit le reglement a cet Translation

~~e~~~~~ga~~rd~~:d~ |In the Rules of Procedure, it is stated that abstention isequivalent of absence. The rule on this point is:

<< Dans tout vote vise au present article les repr- " For the purposes of this Rule representatives whosentants qui s'abstiennent sont conside6res cormme abstain from voting shall be considered as not present."non presents. >>

QUESTION PERSONNELLE PAR M. JONNESCO PERSONAL STATEMENT BY M. JONNESCO.M. le PRESIDENT. -L'honiorable M. Jo!nnesco, qui n'a The PRESIDENT.

pu assister a la premiere partie de la seance, m'a prie Translation d'informer 1'Assembl6e, que s'il avait kte present, ii au- M. Jonnesco, who was unable to be present at therait v*ort.e pour l'admission de la Bulgarie, de Costa-Rica | f M- J n w^ w be present a therait vote pour l'admission de la Bulgarie, de Costa-Rica, first part of the Meeting, has desired me to inform the~de la Finlande et du Luxembourig. Assembly that if he had been present, he would have voted

for the admission of Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Finland, andLuxemburg.

La seance est levee a treize heures. The Assembly rose at one p.m.

ANNEXES AU COMPTE RENDU DE LA ANNEXES TO THE TWENTY-SIXTHVINGT-SIXIEME SEANCE MEETING

ANNEXE A ANNEX A

LE DIFFEREND ENTRE LE CHILI, LA BOLIVIE THE DISPUTE BETWEEN CHILE, BOLIVIA ANDET LE PEROU PERU

LETTRE No I LETTER I.Lette emanant de la delegation de Bolivie d l'Assemble From the Bolivian Delegation to the Assembly of the League.

de la Societe.

Delegation de la Bolivie Bolivian Delegationa la Societ,6 des Nations. to the League of Nations.

PARIS, le ler novembre 1920. PARIS, November 1st, 1920.Monsieur le Secretaire general, Sir,

Nous, les delegues de la Bolivie devant l'Assemnblee We, the Bolivian Delegates to the Assembly of the Leaguede la Societe des Nations, nous avons l'honneur de of Nations, have the honour to present to you on behalf ofremettre dans vos mains et au lnom du Gouvernement the Bolivian Government the following request :bolivien la demanide suivante

La Bolivie invoque l'article 19 du Traite de Versailles Bolivia invokes Article 19 of the Treaty of Versailles withpour obtenir de la Societe des Nations la revision du a view to obtaining from the League of Nations the revisionTraite de Paix signe entre 'la Bolivie et le Chili le 20 of the Treaty of Peace signed between Bolivia and Chile onoctobre 1904. October 20th, 1904.Afin de justifier cette demande, la Bolivie, tout en se In support of this request, Bolivia, while reserving the rightreservant le droit de presenter au moment opiportun ses to offer proofs and declarations at a suitable moment, wouldpreuves. et allegations, signale les faits suivants: submit the following facts:

1. La contrainte sous lacquelle le Traite lui fut im:pos6; (1) That the Treaty was imposed upon her by force;2. L'inexecution de quelques points fondamentaux di (2) Failure to carry out certain fundamental Articles of the

Traite qui 6taient destines a assurer la paix, et cela par Treaty which aimed at securing peace, for which failure Chilela faute du Chili;. was to blame;

- 595

3. Cet etat de choses constitue une menace perma- (3) This state of affairs involves a permanent menace of

nente de guerre. Ii en est uine preuve: I'actuelle mobili- war. This may be proved by the present mobilisation of large

sation de grands corps d'armee qu:e le Chili execute sur Army Corps, which is being carried out by Chile on the Boli-

la frontigre bolivienane, malgr6 l'6tat de paix existant vian frontier, in spite of the fact that these countries are at

entre ces deux pays; peace;4. Comme suite au traite de 1904, la Bolivie est deve- (4) As a result of the Treaty of 1904, Bolivia is now entirely

nue un pays absolument clos et prive de tout acces a shut in and deprived of all access to the sea.

la mer.Nonus tenons a declarer ici que cette demarche est We wish to state here that we are now acting in full agree-

faite d'accord avec le P6rou, pays avec leque:l la Bolivie ment with Peru, with which country Bolivia considers herself

se sent liee, dans ce propos, par des raisons historiques bound in this respect by historical and political ties, and by

et politiques et par des inte6rts coimmuns issus de la common interests arising from the war and from their alliance

guerre et de leur alliance en 1879. in 1879.Veuillez, Miolnsieur 'le Secorftalire g6ne6ral dlonnier a Would you be so good as to see that the procedure laid

cette requete le cours prevu dans les stipulations du down by the Treaty of Versailles is adopted in this case, so

Traite de Versailles, de sorte qu'elle soit inscrite dans that the matter may be placed on the Agenda for the work of

l'ordre du jolur des travaux de l'Assemble. the Assembly ?Nous avons l'honneur de vous presenter nos plus We have the honour to be, etc.,

hautes considerations.F.-A. ARAMAYO. F. A. ARAMAYO.FLOPIAN ZAMBRANA. FLORIAN ZAMBRANA.

FRANZ TAMAYO. FRANZ TAMAYO.

LETTRE No II LETTER II.

Lettre emanant dit Ministre dt Perotu a Paris, President From the Minister of Peru in Paris, President of the Peruvian

de la delegation du Perotu a l'Assemblee de la Delegation to the Assembly of the League.

Societe.

DELEGATION DU PEROU PERUVIAN DELEGATION

a la Societe des Nations. to the League of Nations.PARIS, le elr novembre 1920. PARIS, November Ist, 1920.

Monssiieur le Secretaire general, Sir,

Suivant des instructions de mon Gouvernement, i'ai In accordance with instructions from my Government, I

'-honneur de porter a votre connaissance - et par votre have the honour to inform you-and through you, all the Dele-

intermediaire a celle de toutes les delegations a la gations to the League of Nations-that Peru requests the As-

Societ6 des Nations - que le Perou demande a l'Assem- sembly, which is to meet at Geneva on the 15th of this month,

blee qui doit se reunir a Geneve le 15 du mois courant to reconsider and revise the Treaty of October 20th, 1883,

un inoouvel exame'n! et la revision du traite du 20 octiobre between Chile and Peru.1883 entre le Chili et le Perou.

Pour presenter cette demande, le Perou invoque les In making this request, Peru invokes Articles 15 and 19 of

articles 15 et 19 du Traite de Versailles. the Treaty of Versailles.Le traite de 1883, qui enleva au Perou le departement The Treaty of 1883, which took from Peru the department

de Tarapaca, fut impose et maintenu par la violence et of Tarapaca, was imposed and maintained by force, and has

n'a mieme pas 6te execut6 par le Chili daus ses disposi- not even been carried out by Chile as regards its essential pro-

tions essentielles. visions.En effet, ce pacte stipulait que l'occupation des pro- This agreement provided that the occupation of the pro-

vinces de Tacna et Arica devrait etre transitoire et vinces of Tacna and Arica was to be temporary and was to

prendre fin moyennant un plebiscite, en 1893. Depuis terminate, subject to a plebiscite, in 1893. Since that time Chile

lors le Chili maintient cette occupation par la force, ex- has remained in occupation of this territory by force of arms,

pulsant periodiquement les Peruviens non seulement des from time to time expelling Peruvians, not only from the

provinces susmentionnbees, mais aussi du departement provinces above mentioned but also from the Peruvian depart-

peruvien de Tarapaca, cede au Chili par le traite. ment of Tarapaca, which was ceded to Chile by the Treaty.

Le Perou pr.sente cette demande d'accord avec la Peru submits this request in agreement with Bolivia, the

Bolivie, ces deux pays etant lies par l'origine historique interest of their two countries being bound together by the

et par la nature de cette affaire. La Bolivie reclame, de history and circumstance of this question. Bolivia on her

soin cote, la revision diu traite qui lui fut ,impose par le side demands the revision of the Treaty, which was forced

Chili et selon lequel le littoral bolivien passa sous la upon her by Chile, and as a result of which the whole Bolivian

domination chilienne. coast-line passed under the dominion of Chile.Les differend:s entre le Perou et le Chili existent depuis The disputes between Peru and Chile have existed ever since

la signature du traite impose. the signature of this dictated Treaty.Des faits innombrables d6,montrent que le pacte dont Numerous facts show that the agreement which Peru is

un nouvel exaimen et la revision sont demandes par le desirous of having reconsidered and amended involves a serious

P;r.ou elntraine u:n da-nger imiminent de guierre. Les pllus danger of war. The most recent of these events are therecents de ces faits sont l'expulsion violente des P:eru- forcible expulsion of Peruvians from the conquered and the

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viens des provinces conquises et des provinces occupees, occupied provinces, and the mobilisation of the Chilian army,et la mobilisation de l'armee chilienne massee sur les which is concentrated on the frontiers- of Peru and Bolivia.frontieres d.u Perou ,et de la Bolivie.

Le Perou se reserve le droit de presenter 'a l'Assem- Peru wishes to reserve the right to place before the Assemblyblee les preuves juridiques qui justifient sa demande. legal evidence in support of its claim.

Je vous prie dlonc, Monsieurr le Secretairle general, de I would therefore beg you to place this matter upon thevouloir ibien consigner dans l'ordre du jour de l'Assem- Agenda of the Assembly, in order that the procedure laidblee cette communication pour qu'elle suive :le colurs down by the Treaty of Versailles may be followed.prevu par le Traite de Versailles.

Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le Secretailre general, l'assu- I have the honour to be, etc.,rance de ma consideration tres distinguee.

Le Ministre diu Perou d Paris, M. H. CORNEJO,President de la Delegation du Perou

d la Societe des Nations, Peruvian Minister in FrancePresident of the Peruvian DelegationM. H. CORNEJO. to the League of Nations.

Monsieur le Secretaire general. The Secretary-Generalde la Societe des Nations. of the League of Nations.

ANNEXE B ANNEX B

ADMISSION DE NOUVEAUX MEMBIRES DANS LA ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE LEAGUE OFSOCIETE DES NATIONS NATIONS.

BULGARIE BULGARIARapport presente par la 5me Commission a l'Assemblee. Report presented by the Fifth Committee to the Assembly.

La ci'nquieme Commilssion' a l'h'onneur de soume'ttre The Fifth Committee has the honour to submit to the As-a l'Assemblee son rapiport concernant la demande d'ad- sembly its report on the application of Bulgaria for admis-mission de la Bulgarie dans la Societe des Nation's. sion to the League of Nations.

La Commission estimant, a la suite d'une ,enquete cir- The Committee after a very full enquiry as to the executioncoinistancciee aau sujet de l'execuntion d:u Tr'aitie de Neuilly, of the Treaty of Neuilly by Bulgaria is of opinion that sheque la Bulgarie a fourni des garanties effectives de son has given effective guarantees of her sincere intention ofintention sincere d'observer ses engagements interna- observing her international engagements. Being, in addition,tio'naux, et persuadee, en outre, que ces garanties ne of opinion that these guarantees can but become more bind-pe'uvent qu'etre renforcees par l'admission de la Bulgarie ing by the admission of Bulgaria into the League ofdans la Societe des Nations, se declare favorable a cette Nations, the Committee expresses itself in favour of thisadmission. admission.

Le President: A. HUNEEUS,A. HUNEEUS. Chairman.

10 decembre 1920. December 10th, 1920.

BULGARIE BULGAR IA.1. La demande d'admission dans la Societe des Na- 1. Is the application for admission to the League of Nations

tions est-elle reguliere ? in order ?La demande d'admission dans la Societe des Nations , The application of Bulgaria for admission to the League

presentee par la Bulgarie est reguliere, sous la reserve was regularly made, except that it was not received by thequ'e'lle n'a ete reeue par le Secretariat que le6 novem- Secretariat until the 6th November. By the rules provi-bre. En effet, conformement au reglement provisoire de sionally adopted by the Assembly, a month's notice mustl'A sse;m'blee, toute proposition,- sauf decision contraire be given of any motion to be made unless the Assemblydie l'Assiemblee, exige un mois de'p'reavis. Cet article du decides otherwise. That rule was, of course, not in forcereglement n'etant, cormme on sait, pas encore en vigueur at the time of Albania's application, and therefore the sub-au moment oui la Bulgarie a presente sa vdemande, la Committee are of opinion that the application must be heldCommission est d'avis que ladite demande doit etre to be regular and in order.tenue 'pour reguliere et en bonne et due forme.

2. Le Gouvernemlnent bulgare est-il reconnu de jure 2. Is the Bulgarian Government recognised de jure or deou de facto, et par quels Etats ? facto and by which States ?

3. Le pays possede-t-i.l un gouvernement stable et des 3. Does the country possess a stable Government andfrontieres definies ? Quelles sont sa superficie et settled frontiers ? What are its size and its population ?sa population ?

4. Se go'uverne-t-il librerment ? 4. Is the country fully self-governing ?-597

Ces articles ne soulevent aucune discussion. Le Gou- No question arises on any of these heads. The Govern-vernement de la Bulgarie a ete reconnu de jure par ment of Bulgaria has been recognised de jure by all the Powers.toutes les Puissances. La Bulgarie a un gouvernement She has a stable Government and defined frontiers and shestable, des frontieres d.finies et elle se gouverne librement. is fully self-governing.

5. Quels ont et6 les actes et les declaratioins du Gou- 5. What has been the conduct of the Bulgarian Govern-verneme'nt bulgare: ent, including both acts and assurances with regard to:-

1) en ce qui coincerne ses engagements internatio- (1) Its international obligations;naux;

2) en ce qui concerne les prescriptions de la So- (2) The prescriptions of the League as to armaments.ciete relatives aux arimements ?

En ce qui concerne l'attitude de la Bulgarie, a l'gard With regard to the question of Bulgaria's attitude towardsde .ses obligations internationales, nous avons eu entre her international obligations, we had before us statementsles mains des exposes .des representants bulgares, et, made by the Bulgarian representatives and we heard thed'autre part, nous avo'ns entendu les explications et les explanations and the observations of the representativesobservations des representants de la Serbie et de la of Serbia and Roumania. The representative of GreeceRoumanie. Le representant de la Grece n'a pu assister was not able to attend the sitting of the Sub-Committee.I la seance de la Sous-Co-mmission. I1 est incontestable There is no doubt that the conduct of the Bulgarian Govern-

quae la conduite du Gouvernes ment bulgare, avant et pen- ment before and during the war would give rise to gravedant la guerre, :pourrait faire naitre des doutes serieux doubt as to its international trustworthiness if the present

sur sa loyaute dans ses relations internationales, si le Government was the same as that of King Ferdinand. But

iouvernement actuel tait le meme que celui du roi it was strongly urged by the Bulgarian representatives that

Ferdinand. Mais .les representants bulgares ant insistd there has been a complete change in this respect. Kingvivement sur le change.ment complet surveenu dans le Ferdinand was, in effect, driven from the throne on the finalgouverneiment. Le roi Ferdinand a ftS, en effet, chasse defeat of Bulgaria, and nothing was alleged against the presentdu trne 'a la suite de la ed6faite finale de la Bulgarie, King. M. Stamboliski, the present Prime Minister, was neveret aucun reaproche dn'a t adressf e au rei actueal. M. a Minister under King Ferdinand before the war, and disap-Stamboliski, le Premier Ministres actuel, n'a jamais te proved very strongly of that King's policy during the war,Stamboliski, le Premier Ministre actuel, na jamais ate d and carried his opposition to it so far that he was imprisoned,misaprovtre ous l nergiqunem nt la politique de ce rot and kept in prison, from the time that Bulgaria.entered the

sapproulve tres energiqulemlent la politique de ce, raotpendant la guerre, et il est mreme alle si loin dans sonopposition qu'il a ete emprisonne et main.tenu en prisondepuis l'entree en guerre de la Bulgarie.

On fiait allusion au fait que qu;elques-uns des fonction- Some suggestions were made that some of the officials ofnaires actuels etaient egalement en fonctions sous le roi the present Government had also acted under King Ferdi-Fereditnand. Mais nous estimons que ce fait est de peu nand's rule. But we are of opinion that no weight attachesd'importance. Les fonctionnaires adcministratifs ne font to this circumstance. Administrative officials merely carry

qu'executer les o crdres df e leur gonuvernement er t le fait out the orders of their Government, and the fact that theyqu'.ils ont se'rvi un gonuvern;ement prceddent, d'ulne uan- have served a previous Government of a different complexionce politique differente, ne permet nullemcednt de ndouter from that which exists now throws no doubt on the sincerityce wlitique differeete, ne permet nuflemeut de douterde la sincerit6 de l'administratioin actuelle. of the present administration.

Nous estimons done que la Bulgarie a le droit d'etre We are, therefore, of opinion that Bulgaria is entitled to bejugee selon sa conduite et selon les assurances qu'el.le judged by its conduct and its assurances since the presenta donnees depuis que le regime actuel est au pouvoir, regime came into power, that is to say roughly, since the Ar-c'est-a-dire, en somme depuis l'armistice. Le reprisentant mistice. It was strongly urged by the Serbian representativede la Serbie fit remarquer avec insistance que, pendant that during that period Bulgaria had failed to carry out hercette periode, la Bulgarie avait failli a l'execution des Treaty obligations; in particular, he said that she had notobligations qui l'nui inicombaient de par le :trai:t6; il dit en nominated a Member of a joint Commission under the Treaty,particulier qu'elle n'avait pas n omme de imembr;e a la that she had not made restitution of the goods taken by theComimissioln, mlixtle instiltu&ee par le traite, qu'e-lle n'avait Bulgarians during the war, and that she had not punishedpas restitu6 les marchandises saisies par les Bulgares what are called " war criminals." To that the Bulgarianpendant la guterre et qu'ell,e n'avait pas (puni ceux qu'on representatives answered that they would enquire as to theappelle les << crimimne'ls die guerre '>, A cela les represe.n joint Commission, that though it might well be that a goodtantls de la Builgarie !rpondirepondire qu'ils feraienlt uine deal remained to be restored, yet that Bulgaria had shown by;enqu,:te au i sujet de la Commlission mixte et que, s'il her conduct a genuine desire to make restitution, and theyetait fort possible qu'il y eft encore- beaucoup a faire cited in particular the fact that they had restored a consi-en ce qui conce!r:ne les restiututions, la Bulgarie avaixt derable quantity of rolling stock and machinery, the librarycepenidant imontre par sa conlduite Un desir sincere Ide at Nish, and the furniture and other things taken from theles effectuer; ils ;menltio-nnaienlt einr particulier le fait Serbian Legation at Sofia, The Serbian representative dis-qu'elle avait resiti:tu6 une quantite considerable de puted the amount of these restitutions in a general way,materiel roullant et de mac.hign!es, la biblio~theque de and it may be doubtful whether the whole of the articlesNich, les me!uibles et a tres objets pris a la legati on claimed to have been restored by Bulgaria were in fact

ser'be a Sofia. Le replresentant serbe contesta le montant restored, but we are of opinion that some of them werede ces restitutions et on pent se.demander si l'ensemble certainly restored, andthat Bulgaria is entitled to rely onde:s objets que les Bulgares disent avoir restitue, ont this fact as evidence of her good intentions.bien 6te, mais nous estiimons quie quelques-un's d'entreeux ont 6te certainement livres et que. la Bulgarie a ledroit d'invo'quer ce fait colmme temoignage de ses bon-nes intentio'n:s.

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Les Bulgares allegueren:t, de pilus - et personne ne le The Bulgarians further alleged, and it was not denied,nia - qu'ils avaient fait recemmnent voter une loi tres' that they had recently passed a very severe law requiringsevere obligeant tous les citoyens bulgares a restituer all private individuals in Bulgaria to restore to Serbia anya la Serbie les marchandises serbes qu'ils pourraient Serbian goods in their possession, however they came intodcetenir de quelque maniere qu'ils s'en soient rendus de- their possession, even if they had been bought in the openteriteurs, meme si elles avaient ete achetees sur le mar- market ; and it also appeared to be undisputed that theyche libre; ii ressort egalemrnent d'une maniere indeniable had made considerable deliveries of coal to Serbia, thoughque les Bulgares ont livre a la Serbie des quantites con- on a strict interpretation of the Treaty they were not yetsiderables de charbon, bien qu'a interpreter strictement bound to do so.le traite, ils ne fussent pas encore obliges de le faire.

Enifin, ils ;declarerent, sans tronuver de contradicteurs, Finally, they said, without contradiction, that they hadque leur administration et les mesures legislatives qu'ils shown by the administrative and legislative measures thatavaient prises temoaignaient de leur intention d'e payer they had taken, that they were preparing to pay thele montanlt des ,reparations dues aux termes du traite. amount due for reparation under the Treaty. They alsoIls firent valoir ega:lement qu'ils avaient rem:pli les clau- claimed that they had complied with the territorial provi-ses territoriales du traite dans un delai raisonnable et sions of the Treaty, without undue delay, and this also wascela leur fut egalemlent accorde. not disputed.

En ce qui concerne les criminels de guerre, ils dirent As to the war criminals, they said that they were veryqu'ils 6taient disposes a les chatier et que si quelques ready to punish any war criminals, and that any delay thatretards s'etaien;t produits, il fallait les attribuer au fait had taken place was due to a discussion as to whether thequ on avait discute :si la remise des criminels de guerre Treaty obligations, to hand over war criminBls to Serbia, werea la Serbie, exigee par le traite, devrait etre executee a to be strictly fulfilled. As we were informed by the Czecho-la lettre. Comrme le representant de la Tcheco-Slovaquie Slovak representatives, it has now been decided that in thisnous l'a signale, il est desormais decide que la Bulgarie matter Bulgaria will be treated in the same manner as Ger-b]eneficiera du traitement accorde a l'Allemag ne et que many, and that as long as the war criminals are punished,du moment que les criminels de guerre sont p'unis, il n'y they may be punished by Bulgarian courts. The Bulga-a pas d'inconvenient a ce qu'ils le soient par le:s tribu- rian representatives urged that they had punished a verynaux bulgares. D'ailleurs, les representants de la Bulga- large number of criminals, amounting to between 200 and 400,rie firent valoir que ces trilbunatux avaient coindalmne un citing particularly one Major, whom they had hanged, andtres grand nomnbre de criminels, au ,nombre de deux a two other high officials whom they had sentenced to penalquatre cents, et citerent notamment l'exemiple d'un com- servitude for 5 and 15 years respectively. It was chargedmandant qui fut pe:ndu, et de deux autres fonctionnaires, against them that a particularly heinous offender had beencondamnes respectivement a cinq et quinze ans de tra- arrested and had been allowed to escape. We did not askvaux forces. On leur reprocha d'avoir laisse echapper for any explanations from the Bulgarians of this statement,un criminel arrete pour des actes particulierement odieux. but no evidence was brought before us to show that theNous n'avo'ns pas demande d'explications aux Bulgares escape was a collusive one, and the fact that he was arresteda ce sujet, :mais aucun temoignage ne nous a deimontre is in itself a circumstance favourable to the Bulgarian claim.qu'il y eut, en l'espece, connivence de la part de:s auto- A good deal was said by the Roumanian representative asrites bulgares, l'arrestation du criminel constitue en soi to the ill-treatment by the Bulgarians of Roumanian priso-une circonsta:nce favorable aux allegations ibulgares. Le ners during the war, and as to the general wickedness of Bul-reprsentat de a oumanie fit devant Sos-Co- garia, and her consequent unfitness for membership of themission n ulong expose des mauvais traitements infliges eague of Nations.par les Bulgares aux prisonniers roumains, pendant laguerre, et d'une maniere generale sur la perversit6 de laBulgarie, de laquelle il r6sulte qu'lle ne remplissait pasles conditions voulues pour etre admise dans la Societ6des Nations.

11 nlous appartenait seulement d'examiner quelle etait Our reference was to consider only what was the presentl'attitude actuelle du Gouvernement bulgare a l'egard dde attitude of the Bulgarian Government towards its internation-ses obligations internationa'les, et la seule conclusion a al obligations, and we could come to no other conclusionlaquelle nous ayons pu aboutir est que, dans la mesure than that, as far as we could judge on these facts, the Bul-ohl nous pouvons fonder notre jugement sur les faits ci- garian Government has a sincere intention to carry outdessus, le Gouvernemaent bulgare a montre l'intention those obligations.sincere d'executer ses obligations.

Le representant de la Serbie nous a informes qu'il The Serbian representative informed us that he understoodcroyait savoir que les Bulgares n'ava:ient pas effectue that the Bulgarians had failed to comply with their obliga-leiar dlesisaarrmeimenit oomme l'exigelait le traite. Nous avolns, tions to disarm under the Treaty. We therefore made en-par suite, fait des enquetes sur ce point et nous avons quiries on the point, and were fortunate in finding in Genevaeu la bonne fortune de rencontrer a GIeneve le general General Marietti, the Italian representative on the AlliedMarietti, representant de l'Italie au Comite militaire allie Military Committee of the Supreme Council, which has underdu Conseil supreme et qui s'occupe precisment, entre its charge, among other things, this very disarmament ques-autres questions, de celle du desarmement. tion.

Le general declare que, de tous les Etats ennemis The General declared that, amongst all the ex-enemy States,d'hier, la Bulgarie etait celui qui avait ;montre le plus de Bulgaria was the one which had shown the most goodwill inbonne volonte a mettre a execution les stipualations du .carrying out the obligations of the Treaty of Peace. All theTraite de Paix. Selon lui, les clauses aeriennes et nava- air and naval clauses had been, in substance, carried out.

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les ont ete conmpletement ,executees. Tos s canons ll the guns and machine-guns had been delivered, and praet mitrailleus es ont ete livr6s ainsi que piresque tous les tically all the rifles, though there might be a few still hidden

fusils, bien qu'il puisse se faire qu'on en cache eincore, un in the country. He observed that at the time of the Armis-

certain nombre dans le pays. Ii fit observer qu'a la date tice more arms and munitions were actually surrendered by

de l'armistice la Bulgarie avait livre -plus d'armes et de Bulgaria than had been demanded. The only point open to

munitions qu'on ne lui en avait, ven fait, demand6. Le criticism was that the Bulgarian Army had not yet been put

seul point qui prete a la critique est que l'armee bulgare on a purely voluntary basis owing to domestic difficulties.

n'a pas ete encore recrutee par engagement volontairea cause des .difficultes inte6rieures.

Le g6enral n'hssita pas a declarer que, meme en l'oc- The General was clear that even in this matter the Bulga-

currence, les Bulgares n'avaient pas fait preuve de mau- rians had shown no bad faith. Incidentally he told us, as an

vaise foi. Pour illustrer 1'ttat d'esprit des Bulgares en example of the spirit which the Bulgarians were showing, that

la matiere, ii nous raconta incidemment que, dans le in the district of Tzaribrod the Serbian troops had entered the

district de Tzaribrod, les troupes slerlbes aya:nt p6enetre' district sooner than they were entitled to under the Treaty,

dans le district plus t6t qu'elles n'y etaient autorisees aux and the Bulgarian Government protested, but in the in-

termes du traite, le Gouvernement bulgare avait protests' terests of the good relations of the countries had withdrawn

mais que, dans l'inter6t des bonnes relations entre les its troops. The General at the end again repeated his opinion

delux pays, il avait retire :ses troupes. Le gen.6ral termina that Bulgaria had shown greater proofs of a desire to obey

en repetant qu'a son sens, la Bulgarie avait donine des the Treaty than any other ex-enemy State.

preuves plus 6evidentes de son desir d'obeir au traitecque n'impoirte quel autre des ancieAns Etats ennemis.

En ce qui concerne lies prescriptions futures die la As to the future military prescriptions of the League, we

Societe au :point de vue militaire, nous avons recu l'assu- received a formal assurance that Bulgaria would comply with

rance formelle que la Bulgarie s'y conformerait. these.Des renseignements com bpler1entaires ont e6t deman- The Military authorities of the Allied Powers and the Con-

des au haut commanidement in!teraellid et a la Conference ference of Ambassadors have been requested to supply sup-

des Ambassadeurs sur la maniere dont la Bulgarie ex6- plementary information on the execution of the Treaty by

cute les stipulations du traite. Les r6eponses recuoes, qui Bulgaria. The answers we have received (see Appendices) do

figurent ici en aplpendice, n'ont pas paru a la Commission not seem to justify any alteration in the conclusions arrived

de nature a modifier les conclusions de ce rapport. at by the Committee.

APPENDICES. APPEND ICES.

I. Note de la Conference des Amb bassadeurs sur I'etlt | I. Note from the Conference of Ambassadors on the

d'ex6cution par la Bulgarie du Traite de Neuilly. Execution by Bulgaria of the Treaty of Neuilly.

II. Tl61gramme du 3 decemlbre 1920 adress6 par S. I. Telegram, dated December 3rd, 1920, sent by His

E. M. Leygules a M. Goout. excellency M. Leygues to M. Gout.

III. Note en date dn 3 dcembre 1920 de l'Ltatilajor III. Note, dated December 3rd, 1920, from the General

(2e Section). Staff (2nd Section).

IV. Note en date du 3 decesmbre 1920 sur l'execution IV. Note, dated December 3rd, 1920, on the execution

des clauses aeriennes dou trait6. of the air clauses of the Treaty.

V. Note en date du 3 decemlbre 1920 sur l'execution V. Note, dated December 3rd, 1920, on the execution

des clauses navales du traite. of the naval clauses of the Treaty.

VI. Note de la Confeerence des Ambassadeurs en date VI. Note from the Conference of Ambassadors, dated

du 6 decembre 1920 sur l'exe6cution des clauses December 6th, 1920, on the execution of the

po;itiques et sconomiques du traite. political and economic clauses of the Treaty.

APPENDICE I. APPENDIX I.

Note de la Conference des Ambassadeurs sur I'etat d'exe- Note from the Conference of Ambassadors on the execution

cution par la Bulgarie du Traite de Nettilly. by Bulgaria of the Treaty of Neuilly.

Quai d'Orsay, Quai d'Orsay,PARIS, le 27 novembre 1920. PARIS, November 27th, 1920.

Le Traite de Neuilly a etC mis en vigueur le 9 aofit The Treaty of Neuilly came into force on the 9th August,

1920. 1920.Le delai de trois mois ptrevu pour l'execution des The delay of three months allowed for the execution of the

clauses militaires expire 'a peine; le Gouvernement de military clauses is scarcely at an end. The Sofia Govern-

Sofia rparait avoir loyalement collabor6 avec les Com- ment appears to have loyally collaborated with the Com-

missions, s'il a demandd et s'il demande encore aux missions. Bulgaria has asked, and is still asking, the Powers

Puissances des d6rogations a certaines de oes clauses, to consent to alterations in some of the clauses of the Treaty,

particu'li'rement en ce qui concerne le mode de recrute- especially those concerning the method of recruiting for the

mernt de larm6e que la Bulgarie .est autorise a con- army which Bulgaria is authorised to maintain. Neverthe-

server, il a marqu6, n6anmoins, sa volonlte6 de ne rien less, the Bulgarian Government has shown a desire to

faire que d'accord avec les Allies. do nothing except in accord with the Allies.

II s'est de meme loyalement pret6 a la mise en train The Bulgarian Government has also loyally carried out its

des Commissions de d6limitation. share in the work of the Boundary Commissions.

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Par contre, la Bulgarie a eleve de vives propestations On the other hand, Bulgaria has protested energeticallycontre 1'execution des clauses navales du Traite: jus- against the execution of the naval clauses of the Treaty;qa cette heure, elle parait disposee a entraver autant que so far Bulgaria appears disposed to make as difficult as'possiblepossible les travaux de la Commission navale qui the labours of the Naval Commission which has scarcelyviennent a peine de commencer. commenced its work.

Quant a l'execution des clauses de reparations et des As regards the execution of the Reparation and Economicclaus.es economiques, i'l est encore trop tot pour porter Clauses, it is as yet too early to give an opinion on theun jugement sur l'esprit dans lequel la Bulgarie entend manner in which Bulgaria intends to carry them out. Theles observer : quoi qu'il en soit, la Conference des Am- Conference of Ambassadors has, however, so far receivedbassadeurs n'a encore ete saisie d'aucune plainte a ce no complaints on this subject.suj et.

APPENDICE II. APPENDIX II.

Telegramme sur le meme sujet Telegram on the same subject.

M. Gout, Geneve, No 89. M. Gout, Geneva, No. 89.

Pour Sir Eric Drummond, je repo'nds a votrie te'liegram- Following for Sir Eric Drummond. In reply to your telegramme du 2 deceimbre. Je vous confir.me ma precedente of December 2nd I confirm my note of the 27th Novembernote dat6e du 27 novembre, qui vous a etc remise par which you received from the French Delegation. Marshalla d6ledgation franmaise. Le marechal Foch pr6pare une Foch is preparing a supplementary note on the state ofnote compple!mentaire au sujet de l'etat d'execution des execution of the military, naval and air clauses of the Treatyclauses militaires, navales, aeronautiques du traite de of Neuilly. It has not yet been possible to start carrying

Neuilly, l'execution des clauses concernant les r6para- out the reparation clauses, as the Inter-Allied Commission,tions n'a pas pu encore etre entreprise. La Commmission provided for under Article 130, is not yet formed. Asinteralli6e, p'revue par l'article 130 n'est pas enlcore for- regards the political and economic clauses, Bulgaria has,meie. Quant aux clauses politiques et ecolnomiques, la so far, carried out, to my knowledge, the various directionsBulgarie a defere jusqu'a maintenant a ma coinnaissance of the Allied Powers.aux diverses injonctions qui lui ont 6t, adresssees parles Puissances alliees. ____ (Signe) LEYGUES. _ (Signed) LEYGUES.

APPENDICE III. APPENDIX III.

Note de la Commission militaire interalliee sur l'execu- Note from the Inter-Allied Military Commission on thetion des clauses militaires du Traite de Neuilly. execution of the Military Clauses of the Treaty of Neuilly.

PARIS, le 3 decembre 1920. PARIS, December 3rd, 1920.

1. Effectifs I. Effectives.

Lors de l'entree en fonctions de la Commission mili- On the 15th August, 1920, the date on which the Inter-taire interalliee de controle en Bulgarie (15 aoft 1920) Allied Military Commission of Control in Bulgaria startedles effectifs pres'ents se montaient a 47.000 hommes en- work, the strength of the army was about 47,000 men.viron.

Au ler novemibre 1920, l'effectif existant d'apres les On the 1st November, 1920, the strength, according to,'tat fournis par le Gouvernement bulgare, etait, au information supplied by the Bulgarian Government, wastotal, de 30.000 holmmes environ. about 30,000.

D'autre part, l'ordre a ete donne par le Gouvernement The Bulgarian Government has, besides, directed that 7,000bulgare de liberer 7.000 holmmes pour le 6 novemibre, de men should be discharged by the 6th November, in orderfacon a ramener les effectifs presents a 23.000 hommes that the total strength should be 23,000 men (20,000 men(20.000 ihommes ipour l'armee propreiment dite - 3.000 for the army, and 3,000 frontier guards) in accordance withgardes-frontieres), conforme6melnt aux stipulations du the stipulations of the Treaty. This strength is now beingtraite. La verification est e'n cours. Le compte rendu verified, and the report of the Commission has not yet beend'execution n'est pas parvenu. received.

Il y a lieu d'observer que : It is to be noted that:

a) Ces effectifs sont actuellement encore constitues (a) The present effectives are at present almost entirelypresque en totalite avec des soldats appeles pour constituted by soldiers called up for short service,un service: a court terme, et non avec des engages and not by volunteers for a period of twelve yearsvolontaires pour 12 ans, ainsi que le prescrit le in accordance with the Treaty. The attempts madetraite. Les tentatives faites pour passer du mode de to pass from a system of recruiting by conscriptionrecrutemnent par conscription au mode de recrute- to a system of voluntary recruitment have so far.ment par engagements volontaires n'ont, en effet, given but insignificant results.jusqu'a ce jour, donne que des resultats insigni-fiants.

La Commission militaire interalliee de controle, ayant The Inter-Allied Military Commission of Control considersconsidere co'mme indiscutables les difficultes renco'ntrees -that the difficulties of the Bulgarian Government to effect aa cet 6gard par le Gouvernement bulgare, a propose de change of recruitment cannot be disputed, and has proposed

601 --

prolonger de trois mois le delai accorde par le trait6 that it be given a further three months before being calledpour l'ex6cution. de 'article 65. upon to carry out Article 65.

Le iComite militaire allie de Versailles a prescrit au The Allied Military Committee of Versailles has directedpresident de la Commission militaire interalliee de con- the President of the Inter-Allied Military Commission oftrole d'etudier si l'ado'ption des mesures transitQires d6ja Control to investigate whether the adoption of the transitoryadmises en Autriche et en Hongrie ne faciliterait ipas measures allowed to be adopted in Austria and Hungaryla constitution de la force arm6e bulgare telle qu'elle est would not facilitate the initial constitution of the Bul-pr6vue par le Traite. de Neuilly. garian Army provided for in the Treaty of Neuilly.

Cette question n'a pas encore ete resolue. This question is not yet settled.

b) En ce qui concerne l'organisation de ses forces (b) As regards the organisation of its military forces,militaires, le Gouvernemnent 'bulgare a elabor6 un the Bulgarian Government has elaborated a projectprojet dont les chiffres so,nt en conformite avec les providing for a strength which is in conformity withstipulations du Traite de Neuilly. the stipulations of the Treaty of Neuilly.

Ce projet est actuellement soumis a l'examen de la This project is now being examined by the Inter-AlliedCommission militaire interal'iee de controle en Bulgarie. Military Commission of Control in Bulgaria.

Le Gouvernemient bulgare n'a pas encore fait con- The Bulgarian Government has not yet reported the datenaitre a quelle date il sera procede a la reorganisation upon which it proposes to proceed with the organisationde son armee sur les bases de ce projet. of its army upon the above basis.

II. - Armements II. Armaments.

Le desarmement est en partie execute ,par l'enleve- Disarmament has been partly carried out by the removalme'nt d'es culasses de la moitie environ des armes exis- of the breaches of about half the weapons existing intant en Bulgarie (enlevement effectue en execution de Bulgaria (this removal was carried out in execution of thel'armistice des avant la mise en vigueur du traite). Armistice immediately before the putting into force of the

Treaty).Mais les operations de reoe'nsem'ent ,et Ide livraison des The operation of checking the delivery of weapons in excess

armes en excedent ine sont pas terminees. of those allowed are not yet completed.Les retards apportes a ces operations soint dus princi- This delay is due principally to difficulties of communica-

palemeint aux difficultes de communications et de trans- tion and transport, and not to any ill-will on the part of theports, et non a la mauvaise volonte du Gouvernement Bulgarian Government. The Controlling Officers have sobulgare. Les officiers cointroleurs ont jusqu'a present far reported that, speaking generally, information sub-constat6, d'une maniere generale, l'exactitude des etats mitted to them as to military material has been accurate.du materiel qui leur ont 6et fournis.

En resume;: To sum up:Si les effectifs ont ete ramenes aux chiffres prescrits, The effectives have been reduced to the figures prescribed

en revanche, leur mode de recrutement n'est pas con- by the Treaty; the method of recruitment, however, is notforme au traite, et l'organisation nouvelle adaptee aux in accordance with the Treaty, and the new organisationstipulations de ce traite n'est encore qu'en proljet. which has been made to accord with the Treaty is still but

a project.Quant au desarmelme'nt, il n'est que partielilemennt exe- Disarmament is only partially carried out as the result of

cute, en raison des retards dus a des causes materielles. delays due to material causes.II est juste de reconnaitre que jus'qu'a ce jour et en It is only fair to state that, up to the present-with the

debhors de Iquelques tentatives de fraude 'de caractere exception of a few attempts to deceive of a local character-local, le Gouvernement bulgare s'est prete sans resis- the Bulgarian Government has placed no obstacles in thetance aux investigations des commissions de controle. way of the enquiries of the Commission of Control.

APPENDICE IV. APPENDIX IV.

Note du Comite militaire interalUie sur l'execution des Note from the Inter-Allied Military Commission on theclauses aeriennes du Traite de Neuilly. execution of the Air Clauses of the Treaty of Neuilly.

PARIS, 3 decembre 1920, PARIS, December 3rd, 1920.

Les clauses aeriennes du Traite de Neuilly ont ete The air clauses of the Treaty of Neuilly have been carriedexecutees par le Gouvernement bulgare. out by the Bulgarian Government.

La Commission aeronautique interalliee de controle The Inter-Allied Air Commission of Control has beenest dissoute (resolution de la Consference des Ambassa- dissolved (Resolution of the Conference of Ambassadorsdeurs en 'date d'u 8 novembre 1920). of the 8th November, 1920).

Trois oifficiers ont ete laiss&s en Bul'garie pour la li- Three officers have been left in Bulgaria to liquidate certainquidation de certaines questions de detail et jusqu'a ex- questions of detail and will remain there for six monthspiration du delai de six molis a(arrivan't a 6cheance le 9 (till the 9th February, 1921), during which period thefevrier 1921) pendant lequel la fabrication et I'importa- manufacture and importation of aeronautic material intion de materiel aero'nautique sont interdites a la Bulgarie Bulgaria are forbidden by the Treaty of Neuilly, Article 92.par le Traite de Neuilly (Art. 92').

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APPENDICE V. APPENDIX V.

Comipte rendu des operations effectuees par la Commis- Summary of the Work done by the Inter-Allied Navalsion navale de controle interallie en Bulgarie. Commission of Control in Bulgaria.

Clauses navales Naval Clauses.

3 decembre 1920. December 3rd, 1920.Article 83. Alinea 1 execute. Article 83, Paragraph I-Carried out.

Alina 2. - La Comr mission a decide que la flotille Paragraph 2.-The Commission has decided that thede dix unites dont le maintien est autorise se corm- flotilla of 10 units, which is authorised to be main-!poserait des 4 seuls torpilleurs restant en Bulgarie tained, shall consist of the four torpedo-boats whichet de six patrouilleurs a acheter. Bulgaria possesses, and of six patrol boats yet to bepurchased.

Alinea 3. - Apres avoir refuse d'accelpter les pro- Paragraph 3.-The Commission refused to accept thepositions bulgares qui tendaient au maintien d'une Bulgarian proposals to maintain a naval force consti-marine constituee sur les memes bases qu'une tuted on the same basis as a warlike naval force. The{marine de guerre, la Commission avait accepte Commission had, however, accepted a new scheme by1n nouveau projet dans lequel les e quipages which the crews were taken from the 10,000 men allot-6taient pr6leives sur les 10.000 homm!es prevus ted to the gendarmerie. As this scheme provided thatpour la gendarmerie. Comme ce projet compre- in addition to a shore staff the men should be armednait en outre un person'neIl a terre et que tous les with rifles, the Conference of Ambassadors on thehommes etaient armes de fusils, la Conference 2nd December refused to give its approval and directeddes Ambassadeurs, dans sa seance du 2 decembre, the Commission to see that the Treaty of Peace wasa refuse de doinner son approbation a oes propo- strictly carried out, i.e., that the crews were formedsitions qui soent renvoyees a la Commission en on a purely civil basis.l'invitant a faire executer strictement les termesdu traite, c'est-a-dire les equipages etant consti-tues sur des. bases absolument civiles.

En fait, aucune mesure d'execution en vue de Ia As a matter of fact, nothing has so far been done tor6organisation du personnel de Ia marine sur des re-organise the personnel of the naval force on thenouvelles bases n'a .te prise jusqu'ici. new basis.Article 84 - execute. Article 84.-Carried out.Article 85 - execute. Article 85.-Carried out.Article 86. - execute.. Article 86.-Carried out.Article 87. - execute. Article 87.-Carried out.Article 88. - execute. Article 88.--Carried out.

Le conitrole du poste de T. S. F. de Sofia a continue The control of the Sofia wireless station is being carrieda etre exerce, dans les conditions prescrites, par out according to the Treaty by the engineers whole detacihelment du genie quin en avait ete charg6 have been given control of it at the time of thea l'armistice. Armistice.

APPENDICE VI. APPENDIX VI.

Nole de la Conference des Ambassadeurs sur l'execution Note from the Conference of Ambassadors on the executiondes clauses politiques et economiques du Traite de of the Political and Economic Clauses of the Treaty ofNelilly. Neuilly.Clauses politiques. Political Clauses.

PARIS, le 6 decembre 1920. PARIS, December 6th, 1920.I. Articles 28 d 35, Art. 39 et 43. I. Articles 28 to 35. Articles 39 and 43.

La Conference des Ambassadeurs, par une note en In a note dated August 4th the Conference of Ambassadorsdate du 4 aofit, a invit,6 la Bulgarie a prendre les mesu- requested Bulgaria to take the necessary measures to consti-res necessaires pour constituer les deux Commissions tute the two Boundary Commissions provided for in thede d6limitation prevues par ie Traite de Neuilly (Cor- Treaty of Neuilly (Greco-Bulgarian and Serbo-Bulgarianmission grecobbulgare et serbo-bulgare). Une note corm- Commissions). A subsequent note of August 10th invitedpDlenmentaire du 10 aofit invitait les ddle'gues bulgares a the Bulgarian Delegates to be present at the first meetingassister a la premiere reunion de ces commissions, fixee of these Commissions on August 22nd.au 22 aofut.Le 22 aouft 1920, les deux Commissions se sont cons- On August 22nd, 1920, the two Commissions met withouttituees sans incident, les Commissions bulgares etant incident; the Bulgarian Commissioners were present and thepresentes, et elles o-nt commence immediateement leurs Commissions immediately started work. No reserves or

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travaux. Aucune reserve, ni observation n'a ete faite remarks were made by the Bulgarian Delegates regarding

par les d1eegues .bulgares en ce qui concerne les ins- the instructions issued by the Conference of Ambassadors

tructions etablies par la Conference des Ambassadeurs for Boundary Commissions or as regards the procedure and

pour les Commissions de delimitation et la methode de programme of the Commissions.travail des Commissions.

Commission greco-bulgare. - Cette Commission a Greco-Bulgarian Commission.-This Commission carried

poursuivi ses travaux jusqu'au 2 decembre, date t la- out its work until the 2nd December, upon which date it

quelle elle s',est s6piaree pour l'hiver, en parfaite harmo- broke up for the winter in perfect harmony; no intervention

nie, sans que la Conlerence des Ambassadeurs ait eu of the Conference of Ambassadors proved necessary.

a intervenir.

Commission serbo-bulgare. -Cette Commission s'est Serbo-Bulgarian Commission.-This Commission had to face

trouvde en, presence de quelques cilticultds dont la prin| certain difficulties, of which the principal came from the

cipale provient de l'occupation par l'Etat Serbe-Croate- occupation by the Serb-Croat-Slovene State of the territories

Slovene des territtoi:ires I lui attribu'es par le Trait6 de t attributed to it by the Treaty of Neuilly, and in particular

Neuilly et, en particulier, de territoires contestes dont la of the contested territories the delimitation of which was

delimitation 6tait en coAurs. La Bulgarie, tout en protes- proceeding. Although Bulgaria protested against this prema-

tant contre cette occupation pr6maturee (la Conference ture occupation (the Conference of Ambassadors has requested

des Amba'ssadeurs a invite l'Etat Serbe-Croate-Sloviene the Serb-Croat-Slovene State to postpone this occupation),

a diff&rer cette occupation), a pris les mtesures n'cessai- she took the necessary measures to avoid any unfortunate

res pour 6viter tout incident regrettable entre les gardes- incident between the frontier guard of the two countries.frontieres des deux pays.

Pour toutes le1s decisions prises par la Commission As regards decisions taken by the Serbo-Bulgarian Com-

serlo- bulgare, le 'Commissalire .bulgar e s'est toujours mission, the Bulgarian Commissioner has always followed

range a l'avis des Com missaires alli&s non interesses. the advice of the Allied and disinterested Commissioners.

II. Articles 118 d 120. II. Articles 118 to 120.

Le 8 septembre 1920, la Conference des Ambasisadeurs On September 8th, 1920, the Conference of Ambassadorsa remis au Oouvernement bulgare la liste des personenes transmitted to the Bulgarian Government the list of indi-reclamees par les Puissances alliees, en vertu des arti- viduals claimed by theAllied Powers under Articles 118 to

cles 118 a 120. 120.Par une lettre du 12 octobre 1920 adressee au Presi- In a letter of October 12th, 1920, addressed to the President

dent de la Conference de la Paix, M. Mischeff, Ministre of the Peace Conference, M. Mischeff, Bulgarian Minister inde Bulgarie a Paris, a demand6: Paris, requested:

1. La reduction des listes des coupables remises au (1) The reduction of the lists of guilty transmitted to the

Gouvernement bulgare par les Allies (Gre'e, Roumanie, Bulgarian Government by the Allies (Greece, Roumania,

Etat des Serbes-Croates-Slovenes); the Serb-Croat-Slovene State).

2. L'autorisatioln pour l1e Giouvernemient bulgare de (2) That the Bulgarian Government be authorised to con-continuer 1'instruction et le jugement desdits coupables. tinue trying and sentencing the said guilty.

Les demandes bulgares onlt ete renvoyees par bla The Bulgarian request was referred by the Conference of

Conference de s assad urs a la Commission des Ambassadors to the War Criminals Committee, which studiedSanctioins, qui a siege a cet effet le 10 noviembre 1920. this matter on November 10th, 1920.

Dans cette seance, les d6eldgu es helleniques et roumains At this meeting the Greek and Roumanian Delegates an-

se sont declares disGposes a acceder a la demande du nounced that they were disposed to agree to the requestGoouvernemeenlt bulgare ; le d6elegui de l'Etat dess Serbes- of the Bulgarian Government; on the other hand, the DelegateCroate s-Slovelenes a, par contre, declare qu'il avait pour of the Serb-Croat-Slovene State declared that his instructionsinstructions d'exiger l'application des articles 118 a 120 were to insist upon the application of Articles 118 to 120du Tr:aite de Nenuilly. of the Treaty of Neuilly.

La Commission a prie le de61gue de l'Etat des Serbes- The Committee requested the Delegate of the Serb-Croat-Croates-Slovenes de vouloir bien soumettre a son Gou- Slovene State to be good enough to submit to his Governmentvernement les d6cisions de la Commission, qui se r6su- the decisions of the Committee, which were as follows:-ment co!m;mme suit

1. Les trois Gouvernenments qui ont remis des listes (1) The three Governments who have transmitted lists ofdle c ou!pables au Gouvernemen t bufgare, dresselront, cha- guilty to the Bulgarian Government will each of them preparecun, une nouvelle liste limit6e de noims- de coupables a new and reduced list of names of guilty already set outdeja inscrits dans les listes remises le 8 septemabre 1920. in the lists delivered on the 8th September, 1920.

2. Ces listes reduite;s seront adressees au Ministre de (2) These reduced lists will be addressed to the BulgarianBulgarie a Paris, et dans la reponse qui serait faite a Minister in Paris, and the President of the Conference ofsa lettre du 12 octobre, le President de la Confearence Ambassadors, in replying to the Bulgarian Minister's letterdes. Ambassadeulrs lui ferait connaitre: of October 12th, would inform him:

a) que les Allids acceptent le jugement par les tribu- (a) That the Allies accepted conditionally the trial by

naux bulgares des personnes portees sur les listes re- Bulgarian tribunals of individuals whose names figure onduites, c titre d1'prermle; the reduced lists.

604 -

b) que les Allies seraient juges de dire dans quelle (b) That it remained within the discretion of the Alliesmesure les jugements prononces par les tribunaux bul- to decide to what extent the sentences pronounced by thegares ont ete rendus en toute impartialit6 et equite; Bulgarian tribunals were impartial and just.

c) que le fait de remettre au Gouvernem:ent bulgare (c) That the fact of handing to the Bulgarian Governmentdes listes r6duite's ne diminue en rien les droits reconnus these reduced lists in no way diminished the rights whichaux Aillies par les articles 118 a 120 du Traite de Neuilly. were recognised as belonging to the Allies by Articles 118

to 120 of the Treaty of Neuilly.

La question en est la. Les Gouvernernents hellene, The above is the present position of this matter. Theserbe-croate-slovene et roumain n'ont pas encore fait Greek, Serb-Croat-Slovene and Roumanian Governmentsparvenir leurs listes reduites, ce qui a entraine l'ajour- have not yet handed in their reduced lists ; this has occasionednement de la repo'nse a la lettre de M. Mischeff, ein date delay in replying to M. Mischeff's letter of the 12th October.du 12 octobre.

Reparations et clauses econonliques Reparation and Econom7ic clauses.

Articles 121 d 131. Articles 121 to 131.

La Comlmis'sioni interalliee prevue par 1'article 130 The Inter-Allied Commission provided for in Article 130n'est pas encore coinstituee. is not yet constituted.

Articles 176 i 189. Articles 176 to 189.

Les dispositions contenues dans ces articles n'ont The provisions of these Articles have not yet been madeencore fait l'objet d'aucune me'sure d'execution. the subject of any executive action.

Touteifois, la Bulgarie n'a jamais manifeste le desir de Nevertheless, Bulgaria has on no occasion manifested anyse derober aux engagements qui resultent pour elle de intention to avoid the engagements imposed upon her byces diverses clauses. these various clauses.

ANNEXE C ANNEX C

ADMISSION DE NOUVEAUX MEiMiBRES DANS LA ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE LEAGUESOCIETE DES NATIONS OF NATIONS

COSTA-RICA COSTA RICA

Rapport prdsente' par la 5me Commissiozn l'Assenlble. Report presented by the Fifth Committee to the Assembly.

La cinquieme Commission a l'honneur de soumettre a The Fifth Committee has the honour to submit to thel'Assem'blee son rapport concernant la demande d'admis- Assembly its report on the application of the Republic ofsion de la Republique de Costa-Rica dan's la Societe des Costa Rica for admission to the League of Nations andNations. expresses itself in favour of the admission.

La Colm!mi:ssioln sie declare favorable a cette admission.

Le President A. HUNEEUS,A. HUNEEUS. Chairman.

6 lecembre 1920. December 6th, 1920.

Demande d'admission Application.

La Commission a examine la demande d'admission de The Commission has examined the application of CostaCosta-Rica dans la Societe des Natio'ns et l'estime regu- Rica for admission to the League and considers it to be in order.liere.

La necessite pour cet Etat .de deposer une demande, The necessity for an application, coming from a State,alors qu'il est depuis longtemps reconnnu par les autres which has long been recognised by other Powers, arisesPuissances, vient d'e ce que le Costa-Rica, bien qu'en from the fact that Costa Rica, although a belligerent againstguerre contre l'Allemagne, n'a pas ete une des Puissan- Germany, was not a signatory Power to the Treaty ofces signataires du Traite de Versailles, et n'a done pas Versailles, and therefore did not become an original Memberete un des Etats constitutifs de la Societe des Nations. of the League.

Le Gouvernement de Costa-Rica ne fut pas reconnu The Government of Costa Rica, at that time, was refuseda cette epoqune parce que (suivant l'o:pinio'n de certains recognition, as (in the opinion of certain States at least)Etats diu moains), ii ne s'appuyait point sur le peuple, it rested upon no popular support, but was based only onmais uniquement sur la force militaire. military force.

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Stabilite (di Gotvernement Stability of Government.

Le Gouvernement actuel, qui fait presenter la deman- The present Government, which now applies for admissionde d'admission, est au pouvoir depuis l'election du Presi- to the League has been in power since President Acostadent Acosta, le 7 decemnbre 1919, faite en confornmite avec was regularly elected on December 7th, 1919, in conformityla Constitution. La stabilit6 du Gouvernement est assur6e with the constitution. The stability of the Governmentdep!uis lors et la situation du pay's est normale. has since then been assured and the situation of the

country been normal.Costa-Rica est un Etat pleinement independant. 11 n'a Costa Rica is a fully self-governing State. It has concluded

conclu aucun traite ou convention qui puissent, en au- no treaties or conventions which in any way impair itscune ,mesure, porter atteinte a son droit de souverainete. sovereignty. By the Election Law of August 18th, 1913,La loi 6lec'torale du 18 aoft 1913 accorde a tous les the franchise was granted to all male citizens. The electioncitoyens males le droit de suffrage. Le vote pour l'elec- of President, the members of Parliaments and the Municipaltion du president, des deputes et des conseillers mu- bodies is made by public, direct and free methods.nicipaux est public, direct e't libre.

En vertu de la loi electorale du 28 octobre 1918, le According to the Election Law of October 28th, 1918, thepresident et le vice-president sont choisis. par un college President and Vice-President are chosen by an electoralelectoral compose de senateurs et de deputes. Ils sont college of senators and deputies. The term of office is fourelus po'ur quatrie ans. years.

Superficie et Poputlation. Area and population.

On es'time que la superficie de la Rlepublique est de The area of the Republic is estimated at 23,000 English23.000 mille carres anglais (69.555 kilometres carres). square miles.

D'apres les derniers recensements la population est According to recent estimates, the population amountsd'environ d'un demi-million d'habitants. to 500,000 inhabitants.

Le Costa-Rica et ses obligations internationales. Attitude towards international obligations.

Quant a l'attitude prise par le nouveau Gouvernement With regard to the attitude of the new Government ofdans 'la question de ses obligations internatioinales et des Costa Rica towards its international obligations and theprescriptions de la Societe, la Comimsision a recu les prescriptions of the League, the Commission has receivedassurances doonne'es par le representant de ce pays; d'a- the assurances given by that country's representative, topros lui, le Co:sta4Rica a touijours remrpli ses obligations the effect that Costa Rica has observed and has the sincereinternatioanales et a 'itnten:tion sincere de continuer a les intention of scrupulously fulfilling her international obliga-remlplir scrupuleusement. Il a aussi 'intention de ne con- tions, as also of maintaining only such military and policeserver que les forces minlitaires et de police indispensables forces as are indispensable to ensure respect for public orderpour le maintien de l'ordre public et de la securite natio- and national security. The Delegate of Costa Rica informednale. Le representant de Costa-Rica a informe la Com- the Committee that he is authorised by his Governmentmission qu'il est autorise, par son Gouvernement, a to declare that it holds itself bound to observe the stipu-declarer que celui-ci se considere comme lie par toutes lations of the Covenant, and in particular those containedles stipulations du Pacte, et notamment par l'article 1, in Article 1, paragraph 2.paragraphe 2.

Reconnaissance da Gouvernement. Recognition.

Le Gouvernement actuel de Costa-Rica a ete reconnu The present Government of Costa Rica has been recog-de jure par 13 Etats membres de la Soci6te, a savoir : nised de jure by 13 States, which are members of the League:la Belgique, la Colombie, l'Empire britannique, l'Equa- i. e. Belgium, the British Empire, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain,teur, l'Espagne, la France, la Grece, 'Italie, le Paraguay, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Paraguay, Rou-les Pays-Bas, la Roumanie, la Suede, la Suisse, en meme mania, Sweden, Switzerland; as well as by the Unitedtemps que par les Etats-Unis, l'Allemagne, l'Autriche, States, Germany, Austria, Monaco and the Vatican.Monaco et le Vatican.

Le pays a d'impolrta'ntes ressources naturelles (essen- The country has important natural resources (diversces de bois variees, bananes, cafe', res'sources minieres). woods, bananas, coffee, minerals).

Les recettes en 1918.s'elevaient- . 760.943 £ The Revenue in 1918 was . . £ 760.943Les depenses a ........ 1.227.971 £ The Expenditure .... £ 1.227.971

Les previsions budgetaire's pour 1920 sont: The estimates for 1920 were:

Recettes ..... . .... 633.550 £ Revenue . .. 633.550Depen'ses ........ .587.668 £ Expenditure .£ 587.668

Armemnents. Armaments.

En temps de paix, les effectif's militaires du Costa- In times of peace, the armed forces of Costa Rica consistRica :s'6elvent a 1000 ho!mlmes Elle peut mobiliser 50.000 of 1,000 men. She can mobilise 50,000 men in case of war.hommres sur pied de gue.rre.

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ANNEXE D ANNEX D

ADMISSION DE NOUVEAUX MEMBRES ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE LEAGUEDANS LA SOOIETE DES NATIOINS OF NATIONS

FINLANDE FINLAND

Rapport presente par la 5me Connmission i. l'Assenblee. Report presented by the Fifth Committee to the Assembly.La cinquieme Commissio'n a l'honneur de sou'mettre a The Fifth Conmmittee has the honour to submit to the

l'Assem'blee son rapport concernant la demande d'ad- Assembly its report on the application of the Republic ofmission de la Republilque de Finlande dans la Societe des Finland for admission to the League of Nations.Nations.

La Commission se declare fcavorable a l'admission de ^The Committee recommends that Finland should be ad-la Finlande dans la Societe des Nations en specifianit que mitted to the League of Nations without prejudice to thecette ad'mi'ssio'n ne saurait en rie'n affecter * la decision decision of the Council of the League in the question of thedu Conseil de la Societe concernant la question d'Aland Aaland Islands.qui lui est sou!mise.

Le President: A. HUNEEUS. Chairman: A. HUNEEUS.6 dlecembre 1920. December 6th, 1920.

La dermande d'adimission de la Finlande a ete adiressee Finland's request for admission was submitted to theau Secretariat g6neral de la Societe des Nations par une Secretary-General of the League of Nations in a letter datedlettre en date de 30 juin 1920. Ellel a etle conside&re 30th June, 1920. This application' was considered to becoimime reguliere. in good and due form.

L'ancien ranld-Duche, aujoLurd'hui ReDublique de Fin- The former Grand-Duchy, which is to-day the Republiclande, presente tous les caracteres d'un Etat independant. of Finland, possesses all the characteristics of an independentToutefois ii n'en fut pas aiinsi anterieurement, puisque les State. This, however, was not formerly the case, since theterritoires qui le composent appartenaient au Royaume territories composing it belonged to Sweden, from whichde Suede dont ils furent separes par les conq'uetes suc- they were separated by successive Russian conquests.cessives de la Russie. Des la diete de Borga de 1809, la At the Diet of Borga in 1809 Finland was formed intoFinlande fut constitduee en Grand-Duclhe autonolme sous an autonomous Grand-Duchy under the sovereignty of thela souverainete du tsar de Russie. Les traitors de Fred- Czar of Russia. The Treaties of Fredrikshamn, whichrikshamn conclus Ie 17 septembre de la 'meme anne were concluded on 17th September of the same year, con-confirm erent ce statut, puis l':Etat, ainsi constitue, s'a- firmed this status; in 1811, territories taken from Sweden;grandit en 1811 des fractions de territoire's conquises which had been incorporated in Russia before 1809,piar la Suede et qui avaie'nt 6ete incorporees a la Ia ussie were added to the State thus constituted. Its frontiersavant 1809. Se's frontieres soZnt fixees, nmeme' cetlles avec are established, including those with Russia, which formedla Russie, objet d'un traite qui 'n'a pas encore et 6 ratifie the subject of a Treaty which has yet to be ratified by thepar les parties conltractantes. contracting parties.

L'indeplendance de la Finlande solts sa forme actuelle The independence of Finland in its present formn wasa tout d'abord ete reconnue par le Gouv:ernemeint pro- first recognised by the provisional Russian Governmentvisoire de la Rus;sie sous la presidence du prince de under the presidency of Prince Lvov in a manifest,Lvow selon le manifeste du 20 mars 1917. Elle a ete for- issued on March 20th, 1917. Its independence was formallymelIement reconnue par le Gouvernement sovietiste le recognised by the Soviet Government on January 4th, 1918.4 janvier 1918. Ce qui donne cependant une situation It is not, however, this recognition by the Soviet Governmentdefinie a la perso'n'nalite de la Finlande, ce n'est pas la (which is not itself recognised by the other Powers) whichreconnaissance du Gouvernement des Soviets qui n'est gives Finland a definite status, but the fact that Finlandpas reconnu lui-,m'ime par les autres Puissances, mais le has been recognised de jure as an independent and sovereignfait que la Finlande a det reconnue de lure comme une Republic by the great majority of States, in particular byrepublique indi'lpendante et souveraine par la generalite 24 States Members of the League of Nations and also bydes Etats, notamment 24 Etats membres de la Societe Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the United States ofdes Nations, et de plus l'AlIemagne, I'Autriche-Ho-ngrie, America, the United States of Mexico, the Vatican andla Bulgarie, es Eas-Unis Amer e, es Etats-Uns dAmUnis Turkey.Mexicains, le Saint-Sieg'e et la Turquie.

Ce nouvel Etat se gouverne libremeint, selon les prin- The Government of the new State is conducted on demo-cipes dlemocratiques representatifs, et sous la forme d'u- cratic and representative lines; the Republic was establishedne Repu'blique eta!blie par la Constitution du 9 juillet by the Constitution of 9th July, 1919. The executive power1919. Le pouvoir ex'ecutif appartient au P'resident de la is exercised by the President of the Republic, who is electedRelpub'liqu'e elu pour six a'ns, et au Conseil d'Etat niom- for six years, and by the Council of State which is appointedme par lie president apres consultation du parlement. Le by the President after consultation with Parliament. Thepouvoir legislatif appartient a un parlement de 200 legislative body is a Parliament consisting of 200 membersmemibres elus touns les trois ans au suffrage universel, elected every three years by universal suffrage, includingpar les citoyens des deux sexes. citizens of both sexes.

"Le texte francais a ete amende conformmeunt a une recomman-dationi du rapporteur. Au lieu de << ne saurait en rien affecter >, ii fautlire <ne saurait preljuger de >>. i(tVoir {page '5815.)

- 607 -

Dans sa denimade d'adrnissionl dans la Societe des In its request for admission to the League of Nations

Natioinis, le Gio:uvernement .finil1anid.ais expirimaitt l'assu- the Finnish Government gave a solemn assurance of its

rance la plus formelle de son intentioon sincereo d'oibser- intention to observe international obligations in all sincerity,ver l1es engagements internationaux et dclarait que la and declared that the Finnish Republic would make every

R6puiblique fin!lanidaise s'efforce!rai't, dia;ns la mesufre de effort in its power to aid in the accomplishment of the noble

ses forces, de travailler a la realisation dlu but lleve aims of the League of Nations. Further, the Permanent

que poursuit la Soci6te des Nations. D'autre part, la Armaments Commission has raised no objection to Finland's

Commission perman-ente des Armements n'a emis aucune naval and military programme.oiection au prograimme militaire et naval de la Finlande.

Dans ces conditions, il parait 6vident que la Finlande In these circumstances it is clear that Finland, which has

ayant une po!pulatioln et un territoire assez coinsiderables, a relatively large population and area, fulfils all the condi-remplit toutes les conditions pour etre admise dans la tions required for admission to the League of Nations.

Sociket des Nationis.Un point demandait toutefois a etre 6clairci coircer- The only point still requiring consideration was the question

nant le proibileime. des Iles d'Aland actuellement soumis -of the Aaland Islands, which is now before the Council of

au ,Conseil de la Soci,6te des Nations, q'i en a confie the League of Nations and has been entrusted to a special

l'dtude a une Commission sp ciale par n lui designee. I1 commission appointed by the latter for investigation. The

parut ndcessaire aux memibres de la Ire Souss Commis- members of the first Sub-Committee felt the necessity ofsimn d'obtienir de la dlega'tion ;finlanldaliseo dieis, declara- obtaining from the Finnish delegation a definite statement

timos plrcises spdcifiant que l'admission de la Finlande to the effect that the admission of Finland to the League

dans la Societ e o pouvait oriejulger de la Fsolution d ou would in no way affect the solution of the Aaland Islands

problTme: d'Aland:, n'oen modif iait point le caract&roe, ni oquestion, and would not alter the nature or position of this

'detat, et quoe la FinlaTnde n'envisageait point qu'11l pft problem, and that Finland did not contemplate the possi-6ventuellement lui appartoenir doe soe ,prevaloir de sa bility of making use of its status as a Member of the League

qualite de meombre de la Socidt des Nations poiur faire of Nations for the purpose of introducing a new factor into

intervenir un element nouveau dans Tla prmoeddure en the proceedings. The special aim of the Sub-Committee

ntours. La SousCommission avait surout en ue de prdure- e was to prevent the possibility of a misunderstanding so thatvoniurs. La Sou qIommission qu opinion finlandaisue, de prai- Finnish public opinion should clearly understand what was

relment informee de la portee de l'admission d:e a Fin- implied by the admission of Finland and should not be temptedlande, ne puisse tre tentde d'enl inferer un changement tto infer from such admission that any change had taken

quelconque doe Ia position de cc pays dans le litig.e pen- place in the position of the country with regard to the dispute

dant.ehan e des lae posittr d,es figur atn s. l li p n-dant devant la Societe des Nations. Lnow awaiting the decision of the League of Nations.Les explicatilons verbales 'changees a ce sujet entre The verbal explanations which took place between the

les memibres de la Sous-Commission et M. Enckell, prd- Chairman of the Sub-Committee and M. Enckell, Presidentsidenit die la dlgation finuian!dlaisie furent compl6tees paar of the Finnish Delegation were confirmed by an exchangel'dchang:e des lettres figurant en Annexes. of letters which are annexed to this document.

APPENDICES APPENDICES :

I. Lettre adressee le 26 novembre 1920 par le Presi- 1. Letter dated 26th November 1920, sent by the

dent de la dedlegation finlandaise a M. Pollet, Presidentof the Finnish Delegation, to M. Poullet,President de la premiere Sous-Commission de Chairman of the first Sub-Committee of Committee

la cinquieme Commission. No. V.

II. Lettre adressee le 29 novembre 1920 par M. Poullet II. Letter dated 29th November, 1920, sent by M. Poullet

au Pre6sident de la delegation finlandaise. to the President of the Finnish Delegation.

III. Reponse adressee le 30 novembre 1920 par le Pre- III. Answer of the President of the Finnish Delegation

sident de la ddlegation finlandaise a M. Poullet. to M. Poullet, dated 30th November, 1920.

APPENDICE 1. APPENDIX I.

Lettre de la delegation finlanlaise d M. Poullet. Letter from the Finnish Delegation to M. Poullet.

GENEVE, le 26 novembre 1920. GENEVA, 26th November, 1920.

Monisieur le President, Sir,

Resumant et completant les declarations faites a laT Following on the statement which I made to the Sub-session de la Sous-Commission prsidee par vous le 25 Committee, of which you are Chairman, on the 25th November,novembre, i'ai 1'honneur dde vous communiquer que, se- 1920, and in amplification of that statement. I have the

Ion la proposition de M. le Predsident Leon Bourgeois, honour to inform you that, according to the proposal made

faite a la s6ance du Conseil de la Societe des Nations, at the Council meeting in London on the 9th July by the

le 9 juillet, a Londres, la Finlande a ete invitee a sieger Chairman, M. Leon Bourgeois, Finland was invited to sit

au Conseil lorsque la question des iles d'Aland serait on the Council, when that body was dealing with the ques-

traitee par 4lui: : tion of the Aaland Islands:

'(Etant donne qu'elle (la Finlande) a fait une de- "Seeing that she (Finland) has made a regular appli-

mande reguliere pour etre admise dans la Societe cation for admission to the League of Nations, and that

des Nations, demande sur laquelle ii a ete impossible it has not yet been possible to deal with that application,

jusqu'ici de statuer, I'Assemrblee ne s'atant pas r6u- as the Assembly has not yet met, it is possible for her

anie, elle pourrait etre adimisleI an Conseil si celui-ci, to be admitted to sit on the Council with the assent

y compris la Suede, y consent. >> of that body or of Sweden."

- 608 -

Autorise a reprresenter la Finlande et me re6frant a Having been authorised to represent Finland, and basingsa demande faite, le 28 mai, d'etre admnise dans la my attitude on the application which she had made on MaySociete, j'ai ,exprime au debut de la session, par ordre 28th to be admitted to the League, I expressed the hope,de mon Gouvlernement, l'espoir at the beginning of the Session, acting under instructions

from my Government, that:<< que le Consleil ne fera aucune distinction entre la the Council would not discriminate in any way betweenSuede et la Finlande en ce qui concerne les garan- Finland and Sweden as regards the guarantees providedties 6ta'blies par le Pacte >. for in the Covenant."

En re6ponse, le iPresident du Conseil, M. Leon Bour- In reply, M. Leon Bourgeois, the President of the Council,geois, me donna l'assurance de << l'entiere impartialite assured me " that the Council was entirely impartial."du Coniseil >>.

Done, si le Conseil de la Societe de:s Nations decidait, Therefore, if the Council of the League of Nations slouldavant l'admission de la Finlande, de recomemander dans decide, before the admission of Finland, to recommend, inla question dies iles d'Aland << dies solutions qu'il consi- the case of the Aaland Islands "such solution as it deemsdere comme les plus 6quitables et les plus appropriees just and proper in the circumstances " its recommendationein l'espece >, sa recommandation, en ce qui concerne la would not be influenced, so far as Finland is concerned, byFinlande, ne serait pas influencee par le fait que celle-ci the fact that she is not a Member of the League.n'est pas imemblre die la Soci6te.

D'autre part, si 1'Assemlblee de la Soci6te des Nations On the other hand, if the Assembly of the League shoulddecide d'admettre la Finlande comme membre avant que decide to admit Finland as a Member before the Councille Conseil se soit prononce diefinitivement a ,prolpos de has pronounced on the Aaland Islands question, then, takingla susdite question, cette decision de l'As:semble, vu les the above facts into consideration, this decision of the As-circonstances mentionnees, n'apporterait aucun change- sembly would not in any way alter the right of Finland toimenit quant au droit de la Finlande d'invoquer en de- refer, in defence of her case, to the provisions of the Covenant.fense de sa the'se les stipulations du Pacte.

Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le President, les assurances I have the honour to be, etc.de ma haute consi'deratio'n.

(Signe) ENCKELL. (Signed) ENCKELL.A Monsieur Polllet, President de la premiere Sons-Corn- To M. Poullet, Chairman of the First Sub-Committee of the

mission de la cinqulime Commission de l'Assemblee Fifth Committee of the Assembly of the League of Nations,de la Societe ces Nations c Genmvee. Geneva.

APPENDICE II APPENDIX II

Lettre de M. Poullet d la delegation finlanldaise. Letter from M. Poullet to the Finnish Delegation.

GENEVE, le 29 novembre 1920. GENEVA, November 29th, 1920.Monsieur 'le President, Sir,

J'ai eu l'honneur de communiquer a la Sous-Coimmis- I have had the honour to communicate your letter ofsiol votre lettre d'u 26 novemnbre. II serait agreabale a November 26th to the Sub-Committee, which would, however,la SiolsCoam!mission d?'obtenmir queiIques eclaircisseme'nts be glad to receive some further enlightenment as to yourco!mplementaires su.r votre point de vue. views on this subject.

L'admission de la Finlande, dites-vous, survenaint You say that if the admission of Finland to the Leagueavant que le Conseil se soit prononce de6finitivement, of Nations were to take place before the Council had takenn'apporterait aucun changement quant au droit de la a definite decision, such admission would in no ay affectFinlande d'invoquer en dedfense de sa these les stipula- Finland's right to quote the provisions of the Covenantti.ons .du Pacte. in support of her case.

Votre droit d'invoquer pour la defense de votre these Your right to quote the provisions of the Covenant inles stipulations du Pacte, aipres votre adimission et avant support of your case, after admission to the League, andque le Con!seil ait prononce definitivleiment sur le litige before the Council had given judgment on the present dispute,existant, ne peut evideimment etre mis en: doute. is beyond question.

Mais pretendez-vous avoir le droit, apres la. d6cision Do you, however, claim the right to quote the provisionsdefinitive du Conseil, d'invoquer contre cette decision les of the Covenant after the Council has given its decisionstipuilations diu Pacte ? Dans I'affirmativ:e, lesquelles ? and against this decision, and if so, which provisions would

you quote ?Voici la seconde question: D'apres l'article 10 du In regard to another point: Under Article 10 of the Co-

Pacte, les membres de Ia Societe s'enigagent a respecter venant, the Members of the League undertake to respectet a maintenir contre toute agressioin exterieure l'inte- and preserve, as against external aggression, the territorialgrit6e territoriale, etc. Cette garantie pourrait-elle, d'apres integrity, etc. Is it your opinion that this provision couldvous, etre invoquee, meme si les memberes die la Soci6te be quoted, even supposing that the Members of the Leaguene partagent pa's votre point doe vue, ou si, dans le litige of Nations did not share your views, or if the Council's de-existant, Ia decision du Conseil etait en desaccord avec cision in the present dispute were contrary to your claims ?votre these ?

Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le President, l'assuranice de I have the honour to be, etc.ma haute consideration.

(Signe) POULLET. (Signed) POULLET.A Monsietur Enckell, To M. Enckell,

President de la dllegation finlandaise, Genlve. President of the Delegation of Finland, Geneva.

-609 -39

APPENDICE III APPENDIX III

Reponse de la delegation finlandaise d M. Poullet. Answer from the Finnish Delegation to M. Poullet.

GENEVE, 30 Novembre 1920. GENEVA, November 30th, 1920.

Monsieur le President, Sir,

Je m'emnpresse de vous remercier pour votre aimable I hasten to thank you for the letter in which you conveyed

colmmunication de l'avis de la Sous mCommission, presi- to me the views of the Sub-Committee, of which you are

d.e par vous, sur le droit de la Finlande d'invouquer. en Chairman, as to the right of Finland to invoke the provisions

defense de 'sa these dans la question des lies d'Aland, of the Covenant in support of her case in the matter of the

les stipulations du Pacte. Aaland Isles.Ro6pondant a la demande exporimee par vous, ie tiens In compliance with your request, I will state the views

a preciser encore le point de vue de mon Gouvernement. of my Government upon the point in question.Aprs l'admission de la Finlande comme membre, elle After the admission of Finland as a Member of the League,

jouira des garanties stipul6es par le Pacte, comme tout she, like every other Member of the League of Nations, will

autre memblre dce la Societe des Nations, et le fait .qu'une benefit by the guarantees provided by the Covenant. The

question int6ressant la Finlande a eti port6e devant le fact that a question in which Finland is concerned has been

Conseil avant 'ladmission de la Finlande dans la Societe, brought before the Council before the actual admission of

ne nodifie en rien les droits et les devoirs de la Finlande Finland to the League of Nations, does not in any way modify

a l'egard de la Societe. the rights and obligations of Finland in relation to the Leagueof Nations.

Le Gouvernement finlandais a ila ferme conviction que The Finnish Government is firmly persuaded that the

le Conseil de la Societe des Nations qui, jusqu'ici, ne Council of the League of Nations, which has hitherto been

s'e'st occu'pe que de questions de proced'ure, apres avoir solely occupied with questions of procedure, will carefully

examine la question des lies d'Aland a fond, tiendra examine the question of the Aaland Islands, and will have

comp-te de tout interfet legitime de la Finilande qui, de due regard for all the legitimate interests of Finland. Fin-

son' cte6, a donune les assurances les plus formelles de land, on the other hand, has given the most formal assurances

vouloir rigoureusement observer tous ses engagements of her intention to observe all her international obligations.internationaux.

Veuillez agrer, Monsieur le President, les assurances I have the honour to be, Sir,de ma haute consideration. Your obedient servant,

(Signe) ENCKELL. (Signed) ENCKELL.

ANNEXE E ANNEX E

ADMISSION DE NOUVEAUX MEiMBRES ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE LEAGUE OF

DANS LA SOCIETE DES NATIOINS NATIONS.

LUXEMBOURG LUXEMBURG

Rapport presente par la 5me Commission d l'Assemnblce. Report presented by the Fifth Committee to the Assembly.

La cinquieme Commission a l'honneur de soumettre Tle Fifth Committee has the honour to submit to the

a I'Assemblee son rapport concernant la demande d'ad- Assembly its report on the application of the Grand Duchy

missi;o!n du tGranidUDuD:che de Luxembourg dans lia Socie6te of Luxemburg for admission to the League of Nations.des Nations.

La Commission se declare favorable a cette admission. The Committee expresses itself in favour of this admission.

Le President: A. HUNEEUS. A. HUNEEUS, Chairman.

6 decemnbre 1920. December 6th, 1920.

La demande d'admission du Luxembourg a ete pre- The request of Luxemburg for admission into the League

sentee dans une lettre adressee le 23 fevrier 1920 a M. was presented in a letter sent on February 23rd, 1920, to

Leon Bourgeois, alolrs ;President e!n exercice du Conseil M. Leon Bourgeois, at that time President of the Council

de la Societe des Nations. Cette demande a &et consi- of the League. This request was found to be in order andderee cocmmel reguli6re ,dan!s la forme, et susceptible can therefore be submitted to the Assembly.d'etre solumise a l"Assieimblde.

Le Grand-Duche de Luxembourg est un !Etat ind6dpen- The Grand-Duchy is an independent State, with a free

dant qui se gouverne librement sous u'n regime represen- and representative form of Government, based on local in-

tatif, selon ses institutions particulieres. Ii es.t reconnu stitutions, and is recognised by most civilised States. It has

par la generalite des Etats civilises. II a et admis, a par- been admitted to take part in several international confer-

ticiper a iplusieurs conferences internationales, notam- ences, such as the Second Peace Conference, assembled at The

ment a la deuxieme Conference de la 'Paix reunie a La Hague in 1907. Its frointiers have long been definitely estab-

- 610 -

Haye en 1907. Ses frontieres sont depuis longtemps par- lished: its area is 260,000 hectares, the population amountsfaitement determinees. Sa superficie est de 260.000 hec- to 270,000 inhabitants, and the frontiers are 350 kilometrestares, sa population s'eleve a 270.000 habiatants, et le de- in length.velolppement de ses fronrtieres represente 350 kilonmetres.

iL'exigunt6 du territoire et lie chiffre restreint de la The small extent of its territory and its limited populationpopulation ont ete lobjet, au :seiin de la Comimis'sion, were the object of a discussion in the Committee, and somed'un echange de vues et des mem;bres de ,la Commission members wondered whether circumstances of this kind oughtse .sont demande si des circoinstances de cette nature not to be considered as obstacles to the admission of certainne doivent pas 6tre con!siderees comrme pouvant empe- States.cher l'admissio'n de certains Etats.

La demande d'admission du Luxembourg presente une The request of Luxemburg for admission raised one specialparticularite en ce que, par sa lettre du 23 fevrier, adres- point, namely, that the President of the Luxemburg Govern-see a M. Leon Bourgeois, le Pr6sident du Gouvernement ment, M. C. Reuter, in his letter of February 23rd to M.lux emboturgeois M. IE. iReuter, ava it demiandi6 officieile- Leon Bourgeois had officially requested that the Grand-Duchy,ment que le Grand-Duche fuft admis dans la Societe, tout on being admitted into the League of Nations, should pre-en conservant sa neutralite, sous la garantie de la Societe serve its neutrality under the guarantee of the League. Thedes Natiions. Cettte -ne'utrali't,, 4dolnt le Gou.vernlemenit neutrality, the maintenance of which was thus demandedluxembourgeois demanidait le mainitien paraissaiit tre by the Luxemburg Government, appeared to be that whichleille quii lui avait te recoonnue par le Trait6 de Londlres was recognised by the Treaty of London of May 11th, 1867.:dLu 11 mai 11867.Le Me6moraindium No 2 predsente par 1e Secretaire ge- Memorandum NO 2, presented by the Secretary-General,n,ral avait ex!pos6 les diftficultes qui semblaient devoir had pointed out the difficulties which seemed to stand in thes'opposer a ce qu'il fft fait droit a cette requete. Tout way of granting this request. To begin with, several ob-d'abord, un certain nolnmibre de ces objections parut se jections seemed to be removed by the verbal explanationsdissiiper a la suite des explications verbales fournies a la given by the Luxemburg Delegation to the Sub-Committee.Soiu!s:Commis'slion par' la delegatioln luxemibourgeloiise. I. These declarations showed that the Luxemburg Governmentrdsul ta die ces ,dclarations que le Gouvernement luxerm- did not in any way expect to be released from the obligationsbourgeois n'entendait point etre d6gage de toutes les imposed upon the Members of the League of Nations by theobligatio'ns inioomban!t aux mrembres de la Socite6 des terms of Article 16 of the Covenant. It agreed to leaveNations, selon les dispositions de l'article 16 du Pacte. II its territory open for the passage of such troops as the Councilacceptait d'ouvrir son territoire auxpassages de troupes of the League might authorise; it also consented to parti-decidds par le Conseil de la Socite6 des Nations ; de cipate in retaliatory measures of an economic or financialmeme il consentait a s'associer aux mesures de con- nature which might be enacted against any State in a statetrainte 6coanomique ou financiere qui seraient decretees of rebellion against the League. Its only request was that itcontre un Etat en rupture avec la Societe. Son d6sir se should not be in any way compelled to participate in militarybornait a n'tre point tenu de participer aux operations operations which the Members of the League might undertake.miilitaires colmmune dess membres de la Societe, non plus in common, nor to defend its territory by arms against foreignqu'a d6fendre son territoire par les armes contre une aggression. In support of this request, it urged the veryagr ession extrieure. 11 faisait valoir a l'a!ppui de cette small share which its forces could take in such operations.these l'aipport tres minime de ses forces. Toutefois, il ne At the same time it did not ask for complete disarmament,sollicitait pas un desarimeiment absolu et souhaitait etre and desired that it might be authorised to keep a policeautorise a entretenir tin corps de police ne depassant force not exceeding 3,000 men for purely home service.pas 3.000 hommes, mais pour un service pureiment inte-

rieur.En presence de cette d6finition attenuee de la neutra- I view of this modified definition of neutrality, the llem-liit, les memibres de, la pre!miere Sous-Commission exa- bers of the first Sub-Committee considered the various solu-mindrent les diversesn solutions qui pourraient concilier tions which might reconcile the explicit terms of the Covenantles. dispositions form~elles du Pacte avec le desir gn6ral with the general desire to meet the views of Luxemburg asde reserver au Luxembourg l'accueil le plus favorable, fa as possible.farti cuairpossi ble.Mais, par une lettre en date du 28 noiveimlbre, adressde In a letter, dated November 28th, to the Chairman of theanu Prdsident di e. la Preimiere Sotus4Cormm:issiloln, Ia d616- Sub-Committee, the Luxemburg Delegation declared thatgation luxembourgeoise a declar!6 renoncer aux reserves they withdrew the reservations they had previously made.Qu'elle avait tout d'abord formul6es. Dans cette lettre, In this letter, a copy of which is given as an Appendix thedon't unne copie fiigure en ap~pendice, la di616gation, an noomr Delegation declared on behalf of the Luxemburg Govern-dti Goluvern.eimen't Iluxembbourgeois, .d6clarje ne fair:e au- ment that it found no difficulty in undertaking all the obli-cune difficult, .pour se soumettre aux obligations rdsul- gations which the terms of the Covenant, and Article 10 intaut pour les meimbres de Ia Socidtd des Nations des sti- particular, imposed on the Members of the League of Nations.pulations du Pacte ;et particuili'rement de l'article 10.La diemandle d'admission du Luxembourg parait donc Luxemburg's application would therefore appear to be

d6gagde des pa'rticularites qui auraient pu donn'er lieieu relieved of the complications which might have made ita uni examen juridlique de son cas. necessary to take legal advice on the case.

APPENDICES : APPENDICES:

1. Lettre adressee le 28 novemnbre 1920 par la delegation 1. Letter dated November 28th, 1920, from the Luxemburgluxembourgeoise au President de la premnire Sous- Delegation to the Chairman of the First Sub-CommitteeComrmission de la cinquldme Commission ; of Committee No V.

2. Rdponse de NM. Poullet, en date du 30 novemzbre 1920. 2. M. Poullet's reply, dated November 30th, 1920.- 611

APPENDICE I. APPENDIX 1o

Lettre de la delegation luxembourgeoise. Letter from the Luxembourg Delegation.

GENEVE, le 28 novembre 1920. GENEVA, November 28th, 1920.

Monsileur le Pr'esident, Sir,

En nous r6ferant a la r6ponse que no"us avons donn6e With reference to the reply that we gave to the question

a la question que vous avez bien voulu po:ser lors de which you put to us at the hearing given to the Luxemburg

l'audition de la die6lgation luxembourgeoise, nous avons Delegation, we have the honour to confirm in writing that

l'honneur de vous confirmer que le Luxembourg ne fait Luxemburg will accept without any reservations the obli-

aucune difficulte pour se soumettre aux obligations de- gations arising from the Covenant of the League of Nations,

coulant diu Pacte de la Societe6 des Nations et speiciale- and, in particular, from Article 16 of the Covenant.

ment de l'article 1_6 de ce. Pacte.La re.serve exprimee dlans notre demnande d'admis- The reservation made in our request for admission, as also in

sionl ainsi que dans la note presentee par M. Ie Del6gue the Note submitted by M. Lefort in answer to the question-

Lefort e'n reponse au questionnaire de la Sous-Commis- naire of the Sub-Committee and referring to the special

sion et portant sur les difficult&s speciales que le Luxe:m- difficulties which Luxemburg would encounter if she had

bourg .eprouverait a devoir cre6er des forces militaires to form a military force in the true sense of the word, and

proprernent dites ,et a devoir four:nir des pirestations to supply military contingents, seems to become unnecessary

militaires semble devenir sans ohbjet, a la suite de nrotre after our exchange of views with the Sub-Committee and

echange de vues avec la Sous-Commission. et d'un nou- after further examination of the provisions of the Covenant

vel examen des clauses du Pacte de la Societ6. of the League.En effet, il ne parait pas douteux que la conoeption In fact, there appears to be no doubt that the idea upon

qui avait insrpird cette reserve se concilie parfaitement which this reservation was based is perfectly in accordance

avec les oobligations inscrites dans le Pacte social. with the obligations contained in the Covenant.

Etant donne .le d6velopplemeint de la vile 6conomique By reason of the development of Luxemburg's economic

du Luxemibourg, le degre avance de sa culture, de ses life, the advanced state of her education, of her institutions

institutions et de sa legislatio!n, sa cooperation constante and her legislation, her continued co-operation in Interna-

aux traites internationaux et enfin le sentiment de sa tional Treaties, of her common interests with the Powers

solidarite av~ec les Puissances unies dans la Slociete des united in the League of Nations, we continue to hope that

Nations, nous continuons a nous coimplaire dans l'espIoir Luxemburg's request for admission will be favourably

que sa dermande d'admission trouvera un accueil favorable. received.Nous voous serions hauteiment obligeds, Mon:sieur le We should be very much obliged if you would be so good

President, de bien vouloir communiquer le contefnu de la as to communicate the contents of this letter to the members

presente a Messieurs les. Membres de la Sous-Commis- of the Sub-Committee, to the full Committee, and to thesion, a la Colmmission pl.dniere, ainsi qu'at l'Assemblie General Assembly, whose duty it is to decide the question

generale aplpelee a statuer sur le sort de notre de- of our admission.

minande.Ainsi qude. nous avos 'hoe'exposer a la As we have already had the honour to point out to theAinsi que nous avons Frhonneur dei 1exposer a la Sux i

Sous-ComNmission, Iadmission du Luxemburg a la So- Committee, the admission of Luxenburg to the Leagueciete des Nations necessitera certains chanzements au of Nations would involve certain changes in the text of thetexte de la Cobnstitutiton du Grancd-Dnuche. -lconstitution of the Grand-Duchy. The Government under-

ie Gouverneument s'engage a proposer, en ce cas, les takes in this case to propose the necessary changes without

changements appropries, sans retard, a l'Assemblde delay to the Legislative Assembly.legislative.

Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le President, les assurances We have the honour to be,

reiterees de notre tres haute consideration. Sir, etc.

Les Delegues du Luxembourg: (Signed) THORN, REUTER, LEFORT and STEICHEN,

(Signe) THORN, REUTER, LEFORT, STEICHEN. Delegates of Luxemburg.

APPENDICE II. APPENDIX II.

Reponse de M. Poullet la dledgation luxembourgeoise. Answer froml M. Poullet to the Luxetmburg Delegation.

GENEVE, le 30 novembre 1920. GENEVA, Novelmber 30th, 1920.

Monsieur le President, Sir,

J'ai 'honneur de vous accuser reception de votre I have the honour to acknowledge your letter of November

communication du 28 novenmbre. La Sous-Colmmission 28th, which has been noted by the Sub-Committee over

que je preside en a pris acte. Le texte de la lettre which I preside. The text of the letter submitted by your

adressee par votre delegation sera in:sere dans le rap- Delegation will be inserted in the Report of the Sub-Committee

port de la Sous-lCommission, et transmis ainsi a tous les and will thus be communicated to all the Members of Com-

membres de la Coimmission No 5. mittee No 5.Veuillez agr'er, Monsieur le President, les assurances I have the honour to be, etc.

de ma tres haute con'sideration.(Sigle) POULLET. (Signed) POULLET.

A Monsieur le Pr'sident de la To the President of the

Ddelgafion du Grand-Duchd de Luxembourg, Delegation of the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg,

Hotel Richemondl, Geneve. Hotel Richemond, Geneva.

612 -

ANNEXE F ANNEX F

ADMISSION DE NOUVEAUX MEMBRES ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE LEAGUEDANS LA SOCIETE DES NATIONS OF NATIONS

ARMENIE ARMENIARapport preseint par la 5me Commission i l'Assemblee. Report presented by the Fifth Committee to the Assembly.

La cinquieme Commission a l'honneur de soumettre a The Fifth Committee has the honour to submit to the Assem-lAssemblee son rapport concernant la demande d'ad- bly its report on the application of the Republic of Armeniamission de la Republique de 'Armenie dans la Societe for admission to the League of Nations.des Nations.

La Comm-nission recomm!anide a l'Assernblee de faire The Committee recommends that the Assembly should in-connaitre au Goouvernement de l'Armenie: form the Government of Armenia:

(a) Que sa demande a ete examinee avec faveur mais (a) That its request for admission has been examined withclue les circonstances ne lui permettent pas encore sympathy, but that the circumstances are such as tode statuer definitivement sur elle. preclude the Assembly from arriving at a definite de-

cision;

(b) Qu'en attendant les decisions ulterieures de l'As- (b) That, pending the subsequent decisions of the Assembly,semrbilee cet Eta.t seira liblre de participer aux orga- this State may participate in such Technical Organi-nisations techniques de la Societe qui sont d'inte- sations of the League as are of general interest.ret general.

La Commission propose a l'Asisemblee de recommn:an- The Committee suggests that the Assembly should recom-der a la Conference inte.rnatioln:ale , d! travail d'examiner mend to the International Labour Conference to examines'il lui est possible d'admettre eventuellement cet Etat, the possibility of eventually admitting this State, on its appli-sur sa demande, dans! l'Organiisation. internatio0nale dau cation, into the International Labour Organisation.trav'ail.

Le President : A. HUNEEUS,A. IlUNEEUS. Chairman.

Le 10 decenbre 1920. December loth, 1920.

DIemande d'admission. Application.

La Commission a examine la demande d'admission de The Commission has examined the application of Armenial'Artmenie danus la Societe des Nations e;t la considere for admission to the League of Nations and considers it to berecevable. in order.

iLe iPresidient die la dellegation armenienne a fait un The President of the Armenian Delegation made a state-expose sur les points a propos desquels des renseigne- ment on the points on which information was required.ments ont 6et demandies.

Stabilite gouvernementale. Stability of Government.

La Repulbilique, arm!denienlne d'Erivain a ete6 co;nstituee The Armenian Republic of Erivan was constituted inen mars 1918. Elle n'a pas de constitution 6crite, car on March, 1918. It has no written constitution, the task ofen a ajourne la r6daction jusiqu'a la reunion d'une Assem- drafting one being postponed until a constituent Assemblyblee Constituante. Toutefois, on ne peut mettre en doute shall meet. There can be no doubt, however, that the actualque le Gouvernement actuel relpresente reellerent le peu- Government is really representative of the Armenian people,pie arm.e'nien, quoiqu'il ne pluisse etre consid6rd comme although it cannot be considered a stable Government.un Gouvernement stable.

Territoire et Fronztiees. Area and. Frontiers.

Le territoire doe la Re6publiiquel Arm'nien;ne, tel qu'il The territory of the Armenian Republic, as constituteda et6 constitue en mai 1920 a une superficie de 70.551 in May, 1920, has an area of 26,130 square miles (70,551kilometres carr6s (26.130 milles ca!rres). square kilometres).

En supposant que les vilayets de Van, Bitlis, Erzeroum Supposing that the vilayets of Van, Bitlis, Erzerum andet une partie de Tr6bizonde soient accordds a l'Armenie, part of Trebizond were accorded to Armenia, the area mightle territoire pourrait 6ventuellement atteindre 214.00t attain 80,000 square miles (214,000 square kilometres).kilometres carres (80.000 milles carres).

Les frontieres ne sont pas encore definitivement fix6es, The frontiers are not yet definitely fixed, but Article 52mais l'article 52 diu Traiite de, Sevr'es prevoit !u'n arbitrage of the Treaty of Sevres provides for arbitration, and Presidentet le president Wilson a accepte le role d'arbitre. Sa dc- Wilson has accepted the rOle of arbitrator. His decisioncision devait avoir, naturellement, effet retroactif. will, of course, be retroactive in its effects.

Population. Population.

Les stat'istiques russes de 1917 evaluent le nombre des Russian statistics in 1917 gave the number of inhabitantshabitanlts ,de 'la Republique (telle qu'elle a ete co'nstituene of the Republic (as constituted in May, 1920) at 2,159,000.

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en •ai 1920) - 2.159.0i0. Mais on nie pent accorder But all statistics on Armenia must be considered as of doubt-en mai 1920) a 2.159.000. Mais on ne peut accorder I tu o ....................................................qu'une confiance toute relative aux statistiques sur ful value, as they do not allow for the loss of life during the

l'Arm,6nie, car elles ne tiennent pas comipte des morts recent events nor for the return of emigrants from abroad.

survenues au cours des evenements r6cents, ni du retourdes e6migrants partis a l'etranger.

Attitude d l'egard des obligations internationales. Attitude with regard to international obligations.

L'attitude du Gouvernement armenien dans ses rap- The attitude in the international relations of the Armenian

ports internationaux inspire une confiance toute particu- Government inspires the fullest confidence in its desire to

liere dans son desir de respecter la parole donnee. maintain the given word.

Reconnaissance par d'altres Etats. Recognition by other Powers.

L'Armenie est une Puissance signataire du Traite de Armenia is one of the Signatory Powers to theTreaty of

Sevres. Sa d6legation estime que ce fait implicque qu'elle Sevres. Her Delegation claim that the admission to sign

a et6 reconnue en droit par tous les autres signataires. this Treaty implies recognition de jure by all the other signa-tories.

Selon les renseignements qui sont parvenus au Secre- According to information which has reached the Secretariat

tariat, at titre oafficieux, le Goouvernement des Etats-Unis unofficially, the Governments of the United States and of

et de -la Rpnublique argentine ont 6gallement reconnu the Argentine Republic have also recognised Armenia.

l'Arm6nie.Le pays a d'abondantes ressources min6rales et son The country is rich in mineral resources and industrial

avenir industriel est riche de promesses. possibilities.

614 -

VINGT-SEPTIEME SEANCE PLENIERE TWENTY-SEVENTH PLENARY MEETINGJeudi 16 decembre 1920, a seize heltres et quart Thursday, December 16th, 1920, at quarter-past

four o'clock

Presidence de M. HYMANS President: M. HYMANS

REPRISE DE LA DISCUSSION GENERALE SUR CONTINUATION OF THE DEBATE ON THELES RAPPORTS DE LA CINQUIEME COMMIS- REPORTS OF COMMITTEE No. V ON THESION RELATIFS A L'ADMISSION DE NOU- ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS: THE BAL-VEAUX MEMBRES. LES ETATS BALTIQUES. TIC STATES.

M. le PRESIDENT. - L'ordre du jour appelle la The PRESIDENT.suite de la discussion des rapports de la 5me Commis- Translationsion relatifs a Fadmission de nouveaux membres ·sion relaifs l'adission de noveaux e resIn accordance with the agenda we will continue our

debate on the Report of the Fifth Committee on theAdmission of New Members.

Dans la seance de ce matin, l'Assembl,ee n'a pas admis During this morning's meeting the Assembly did notla demande d'admission de l'Armenie; elle a d'autre grant Armenia's request for admission. On the otherpart renvoye a la Commission les propositions qui lui hand, it sent back to the Committee the proposals whichetaient present6es, concernant la repr6sentation de l'Ar- were put before it regarding the representation of Armeniamenie dans les organisations techniques. on the Technical Organisations.Nous arrivons d'one maintenant aux demandes de To-day we have to discuss the request of Esthonia, Georgia,l'Esthonie, de la G6orgie, de la Lettonie, de la Lithuanie Latvia and Lithuania, and as some members have shownet, conmme quelques-uns de nos collegues ont manifeste a desire to have a general discussion on the Baltic Statesle desir d'instituer une sorte de discussion g6enerale a I propose that the discussion should be opened at once onpropos des Etats Baltiques, je vous propose d'ouvrir des the requests for admission which have been made to usmaintenant cette discussion sur les diemandes des trois by the three Baltic States. When the Assembly has takenEtats baltiques dont nous sommes saisis; lorsque l'As- a decision on these three requests, we will pass on to con-semiblee se sera proniono6e suir oes troils d:elmaundeis, nous sider the request of Georgia.

passerons alors a la demande de la Georgie.J'iniv,ite d:one l'Assebmldbli;e a discuter les conclusions I therefore ask the Assembly to discuss that part of thecu rapport de la Coimmission relatives a la demande d'ad- Committee's Report concerning the request for admissionmission de l'Esthonie. C'est a propos de la demande de of Esthonia. In discussing the request of this particularce premier Etat que nous instituons une sorte de discus- State, we shall be at the same time engaged upon a generalsion generale. discussion.La parole est a M. Octavio, rapporteur de la Commis- I call on M. Octavio, the Rapporteur of the Committee.sion.

M. OCTAVIO (Bresil), Rapporteur. - La cinquienie M. OCTAVIO (Brazil), Rapporteur.Coommission a etudie la demande d'admission dains la Translation Societe des Nations dies trois Etats balteiques, I'Esthonie, | The Fifth Committee has investigated the request for the

la L e~ttonie et la Lithuainie. admission into the League of three Baltic States, Esthonia,Latvia and Lithuania.

Si, con-mme M. le President vient de l'indiquer, nous If, as the President has just pointed out, we are now toallons nous occuper de l'Estlhonime il mre semblle conve- consider Esthonia, I think it will be convenient for me tonable de presenter les trois Etats ensemble parce que la speak of the three States together, because they are all insituation est a peu pe pres la meme et que les conclusions a very similar position and the conclusions at which weauxquelles iniou;s somimes. arriv:es sont idlen!tique;s. arrived with regard to them are identical.La Commission a etudie les demandes d'admission de The Committee has examined the request of these threeces trois Etats. baltiques avec la plus grande sympathie. I1 Baltic States for admission with the greatest possibles'agit d'Etats coinstitues par d'anciennels nationalites qui sympathy. These States have been set up by ancient racesont, a travers de longues vicissitudes, maintenu leur in- which have, in the course of many vicissitudes, maintained

- 615

dividualite. Incorpores lepu.is dies sicls 'en their nationality. For any years they fored part ofde la Russie des tsars, apres la Revolution ils se sont Czarist Russia, but after the revolution they broke away

degages et ont fait des efforts extraordinaires pour re- and made great efforts to regain their ancient national

conlquerir leur ancienne unite nationa'le. Ce sont des unity. They are States which have territories amply

Etats qui ont des as:sises certaines sur des territoires suf- sufficient for them, with a large population, and they have

fisants, avelc des popullations nomlbreuses et qui ount oolns- set up on liberal and democratic principles Governments

titue sur des principes liberaux et democratiques un gou- which, during the last three years, have proved their com

vernenment qui, dans ces trois dernieres annees, s'est petence, and have afforded in their constitutional life

m~on~tre stable, a donn6 d~an~s sa vie constilt~utionn~lelle des evidence which shows clearly their sincere intention to fulfilmon.tr6 stable, a donn,6 d~ans sa vie constituti,on:n~nelle diespreuves symrptomatiques de ses intentions sinceres de their international engagements.

remplir ses devoirs internationaux.remplir ses devoirs mnternationaux. ^ Npvpr-t-hpiess despite the favourable impression made onCependant, malgre la bonne volonte de la Commission Nevertheless, despite the favourable impression made on

a l'egard de ces Etats qui s'efforcent de vivre dans l'or- the Committee by these States, who are striving to live in

dre et de se defendre contre l'anarchie qui les entou- an orderly fashion, and to defend themselves against the

re, il ne nous a pas ete possible de recomimander main- anarchy which surrounds them, it has not been possible

tenant l'acceptation integra'le de ces Etats a la So:ciet.6 .for it to recommend the entire acceptance, at this moment,

des Nations. Sans vouloir en quelque maniere les d,6- of these States by the League of Nations. Without wishing

courager dans leur elan vers l'independance et vers l'or- in any way to discourage their efforts towards independence

.dre, la Commission a 6tudie la situation de ces Etats and ordered existence, the Committee has examined the

avec la meme sympathie qu'ils eveillent dans tousles situation-of these States with the same sympathy which

cceurs. Cependant, etant d onne l'tat general du monde everyone has evinced towards them. Nevertheless, having

et en particu'lier la situation de ces Gouvernements, la regard to the state of the world as it is at present, and in

Commission, dans l'impossilbiite de proposer leur ad- particular to the situation of their Governments, the Com-

mission conmme membres de la Socite a df se borner mnittee, since it was impossible to propose their admission

aux conclusions qu'elle vous soumet en ces termes as Members of the League, have come to conclusions whichthey submnit to you in the following terms:

La Commission recommande a l'Assemblee de faire The Committee recommends that the Assembly should inform

conmalitre aux gouvernements de l'Esthonie, dte la Let- the Governments of Esthonia, Latvia and Lithuania

tonie, de la Lithuanie :

a) Que learl demande a ete examinee avec faveur mais (a) That their request for admission has been examined vith

qle les circonstances ne lhi permeltent pas encore de sympathy, but that circumstances are such as to preclude the

statuer definitivement sur elles. Assembly from arriving at a definite decision;

b) Qu'en attendant les decisions ulterielures de l'As- (b) That, pending the subsequent decisions of the Assembly,

semblee ces Etats seront libres, c leur demande, de parti- these States may participate in such Technical Organisations

ciper aux organisations techniques de la Soctiete qui sont of the League as are of general interest.d'interet general.

M. RESTREPO (Colombie). - J'ai l'honneur de pre- M. RESTREPO (Colombia).senter a l'Assemblee une proposition contraire a celle de Translation:la Commission dont j'ai fait partie.la Commission dont j'ai fait partie. I have the honour to put forward to the Assembly a

proposal contrary to that proposed by the Committee, ofwhich I was a member.

Le rapport de la Commission renvoie les Etats bal- The Report of the Committee puts off the admission ofthe

tiques et la Georgie a une meilleure occasion, mais leur Baltic States and of Georgia to a better occasion, but gives

donne un commencement de satisfaction qui ne m'apaise them a certain measure of satisfaction which does not

pas completement. Je propose done que l'Esthonie, la satisfy my wishes on their behalf. I, therefore, propose

Lettonie, la Lithuanie et la Georgie soient admises sans that Esthonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Georgia should be

retard dans la Societ6 des Nations et que l'Assemblee admitted without delay into the League of Nations, and that

se prononce sur cette proposition avant d'examiner celle the Assembly should take a decision on this proposal before

de la Commission. Si, comme pour l'Armenie, I'admis- examining that presented by the Committee. If, as was

sion est votee - ce que i'espere - il sera inutile de vo- the case with Armenia, the admission is granted, as I hope

ter les conclusions de la Commission. Si ma proiposition it will be, it will be useless to vote on the conclusions of the

est repouss6e, on pourra alors discuter celle de la Comr- Committee. If my proposal is rejected, that of the Committee

mission. can then be discussed.Comme la si bien dit l'honorable rapporteur, le Dr Oc- The Rapporteur, Dr. Octavio, is a man whose eminence

tavio, qui est un homme illustre, dont la conscience and whose rectitude causes me especially to respect him,

droite m'impose un respect tout special merme comme the more so as he comes from a neighbouring State of South

voisin de l'Amerique du Sud- je puis done dire aussi, America, so that I may refer to him as my distinguished

mon illustre compatriote - dans le cas des Etats bal- compatriot. He has pointed out, with regard to the Baltic

tiques il n'y a pas, comme dans celui de l'Armenie et des States, that there are not, as is the case with Armenia and

autres Etats qui ont demand6 leur admission, des rai- other States which have asked for admission, legal reasons

sons de droit qui s'opposent a cette admission. which forbid their admission.J'ai eu ce matin le regret de voter contre l'Armenie This morning I was forced regretfully to vote against

parce que l'Armenie ne pr6esente pas les conditions de Armenia, because Armenia does not satisfy the legal con-

droit necessaires pour former un Etat, un dominion ou ditions necessary for the formation of a State, a dominion

une colonie se gouvernant librement. On a dit que l'Ar- or a colony possessing a free Government. We have been

m6nie a malheureusement ete envahie par les Kema- informed that Armenia has unfortunately been invaded by

-616 -

listes, le residu de cette pourriture cqu'on appelle l'armee the Kemalists-thle last remnants of that miserable forceturque, et que son territoire est d'autre part envahi par known as the Turkish Army-and that her territory is alsoles bolichevistes. Comme deux comiperes, les bolchevis- invaded by Bolshevists. Like two accomplices in crime,tes et les Turcs ont fini par s'entendre et ont signe une the Bolsheviks and the Turks have, indeed, come to an under-paix qui n'est pas celle que nous attendions de notre standing, and have signed a peace which is not the kind ofArmenie ideaile. L'Arme'nie libre c'est tout autre chose. peace which we would desire to see concluded by the ArmeniaPar consequent, un nouveil Etat qui se presente a nous of our hopes. A free Armenia would present quite a differentdans ces conditions, qui n'a pas de frontieres, qui n'a pas situation. A new State which comes before us suffering underun gouvernement stable, qui ne se gouverne pas libre- the above conditions, which has no frontiers, no suitablement, n'est pas un Etat en droit. Nous avons donc des Government, and which is not governed freely, is not a legalraisons suffisantes pour la refuser en attendant que le State. We have, therefore, sufficient reason to refuse tovoeu de M. Rowell se v6rifie, c'est-a-dire que 1'Armenie admit her, pending the fulfilment of the hope expressed byressuscite, corme aussi nous esp6rons que ressuscite- Mr. Rowell ; that is to say, pending the revival of Armenia,ront tous les peuiples par le feu de la liberte et qu'ils as we hope all peoples will revive, under the warm sun ofviendront a nous l'annee prochaine ou plus tard. liberty, so that they may come before us next year, or later,

for admission.Quant aux Etats baltiques et a la GOorgie, c'est diffe6- With regard to the Baltic States and Georgia the case is

rent. M. le Rapporteur vient de vous indiquer les condi- different. The Rapporteur has just told us the conditionstions d'admission des nouveaux Etats. Le Pacte les in- under which new Members should be admitted. The Cove-dique tres clairement et M. Viviani avec d'autres ora- nant also lays this down very clearly, and M. Viviani, amongteurs les a tres bien expliquees. other speakers, hlas well pointed them out:

<< Tout Etat, doiminion ou colonic qui se gouverne " Any fully self-governing State, Dominion or Colonylibrement et qui n'est pas designe dans lannexe, not named in the Annex, may become a Member of thepeut devenir meimbre de la Soc'ite si son admission League if its admission is agreed to by two-thirds of theest prononc6e par les deux tiers de l'Assemlblee, Assembly, provided that it shall give effective guaranteespourvu qu'il donne les garanties effectives de son of its sincere intention to observe its internationalintention sinc6re d'obselrver ses engagements inter- obligations, and slall accept such regulations as maynationaux et qu'il accepte le reglement etabli par la be prescribed by the League in regard to its military,Soci6te en ce qui concerne ses forces et ses arme- naval and air forces and armaments."ments militaires et navals. >>

Voyons ce qu'expose la Commission a propos de 1'Es- Tle following is what the Committee reports concerningthonie. Je prends cet Etat comrne un exemple, les mne- Estomnia. I take this State as an example, but the samemes remarques s'appliqueront a la Lithuanie, a la Letto- remarks apply equally to Lithuania, Latvia and Georgia.nie et a la Georgie. Le rapport de la Commission dit: The Report of the Committee says:

< La cinqu'ieme Commiissi.on a l'honneur de sou- " The Fifth Committee has the honour to submit tonettre a l'Assemblee so o on rpport concernant la de- the Assembly its Report on the Application of the

mande d'admission de la Republique d'Esthonie Republic of Esthonia for admission to the League ofdans, la Societe des Nations. Nations.

< La Commission recommande a l'Assemblee de " The Committee recommends that the Assemblyfaire connaitre au gouvernement de l'Esthonie should inform the Government of Esthonia:

<< ) que sa demande a iet examinee avec faveur "(a) That its request for admission has been examined withmais que les circonstances ne lui permettent pas sympathy, but that the circumstances are such asencore de statuer definitivement sur elle; to preclude the Assembly from arriving at a definite

decision;

< b) qu'en attendant les dcecisions ulterieures de "(b) That, pending the subsequent decisions of the Assem-l'Assemnblee, cet Etat sera libre de participer aux bly, this State may participate in such Technicalorganisations techniques de la Societe qui sont d'in- Organisations of the League as are of general interest.teret general. >>

< La Commission propose a l'Assemblee de recom- "The Committee suggests that the Assembly shouldmander a la Conf6rence internationale du travail recommend to the International Labour Conference tod'examiner s'il lui est possible d'admettre actuelle- examine the possibility of eventually admitting thisment cet Etat, sur sa demande, dans 'organisation State, on its application, into the International Labourinternationale du travail. >> Organisation."

J'appelle l'attention de l'Assemblee sur la premiere I wish to draw the attention of the Assembly to the firstdemande. Hier, en parlant de l'Allemagne et d'autres request. Yesterday, when speaking of Germany and otherpays, M. Viviani nous a parfaitement expliqu6 'article countries, M. Viviani clearly explained Article 1. of the1 du Pacte, c'est-a-diire les conditions dans lesquelles Covenant, and the conditions under which new States mayles nouveaux Etats peuvent etre admis. I1 nous a dit be admitted. He pointed out to us that effective guaranteesqu'il fallait des garanties effectives de lintention de te- of their intention to fulfil their international engagementsnir les engagements internationaux. must be given.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Mon cher collegue, permet- The PRESIDENT.tez-moi de vous rappeler la d6cision de principe prise Translationpa l'Arssemmblee: les dix minutes reglementaires sent I would remind you, Sir, that the ten minutes allotted to4 a p-re~sque 6eoouhle~es. !speakers by the decision of the Assembly have almost

expired.

-617 -

M. RtESTRP (Coln ) - a coditions M ESTEPO (Coloie). ia).

Monsieur le President, je pr6f6re renoncer a a parole. Translation:If this is so, Mr. President, I will not continue to speak.

M le PRESIDENT. - Je m'excuse vivement, mon The PRESIDENT.cher collegue, d'etre oblige de vous rappeler le principe Translation :adopte au d6but de nos delib6rations, mais il v a encore I am sorry, Sir, to be obliged to remind you of the rulehuit orateurs inscrits. adopted at the beginning of our discussion, but there are

still eight speakers on the paper.

M. RESTREPO (Oolombie). - Monsieur le President, M RESTREPO (Colombia).jaurais pr6efre que vous veuillez bien m'avertir avant Translation:

nqe les dix minutes fussent presque ecoulees. I should have liked you, Mr. President, to have warnedme before my ten minutes were exhausted.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Mon intervention avait pre- The PRESIDENT.cisement pour objet, mon cher collegue, de vous per- Translation:mettre de resumer la fin de votre discours, dont je vous I intervened, Sir, precisely with the object of allowing

aurais 6et tr6s oblige de bien vouloir faire connaitre les you to sum up your speech, the end of which the Assembly

conclusions a l'Assemblee. Mon devoir strict est de faire would have been very glad to have heard. My duty is

appliauer le reglement. (Adhesion.) strictly to enforce the rule.La parole est a M. Chagas. I call on M. Chagas.

M. GHAGAS (Portu-gal). -Monsieur le President, Mes- M. CHAGAS (Portugal).sieurs, d'u'ne faIon generale, quoicue me proonloniant sur Translation:le cas particulier de l'Esthonie, je vodrLa;is faire con- Mr. President, Gentlemen: Although I desire to speaknaitre a l'Assemblee l'opinion du pays quoe je repre'sente particularly with regard to Esthonia, I should like to makeau sujet de la quesotion de.s Etats qui dema'nident a etre some remarks of a general nature, and to inform the Assemblyad'mis dans la Societe des Nations. of the opinion of the country which I represent on the ques-

tion of the States which are asking to be admitted into theLeague of Nations.

Ces demandes d'admission peuvent se d;iviser en ldeux These requests for admission may be divided into two

groupes: celli des Etats constitues qui demandent a classes, those from States already constituted which ask

6tre admis et celui des Etats qui cherche'nt a confirmer to be admitted, and those from States which desire to confirm

leur cons;titution par l'admission. their existence by being admitted.Je ne m'occuperai que de ces derniers et, parmi ceux- I wish to speak of this latter class, of which Esthonia

ci de l'Esthionie. is Olne.

En principe, toute peuple qui aspire a etablir son inde- In principle, every people which has established its inde-

penldance apres avoir lutt6 pour l'obtenir a droit a nos pendence, after having struggled to obtain it, has the right

sympathies et, sous ce rapport, la 5me Commission n'a to our sympathy, and in this respect the Fifth Committee

pas cessd de la leur manifester. has continually shown its sympathy for these States.

Neanmoins les conclusions de l'examen des differentes Nevertheless, the conclusions which were arrived at after

demandes d'admission n'ont pas toujours et6 favorables, examining the various requests for admission, have not

pour la raison tant6t que quelques-uns de ces Etats n'ont been always favourable, because in some cases several of

pas e6t reconnus de lure, tantot parce que teur exis- these States have not been recognised de jure and because

tence independante n'etait pas a l'abri de futures entre- in others their independent existence is not protected against

prises d'Etats voisins, ce qui mettrait ainsi la Societe future enterprises of neighbouring States against them,

des Nations dans l'obligation de faire jouer eventuelle- a circumstance which would mean that the League of Nations

ment l'article 10 du Pacte, obligation qu'elle estime ne falls under the obligation, if necessary, of putting into execu-

pouvoir assumer. Tel est le cas de la Republique estho- tion Article 10 of the Covenant, an obligation which the

nienne. Committee thought the League could not assume. This isthe case with regard to the Republic of Esthonia.

La question de la reconnaissance de lure, c'est-a-dire The question of de jure recognition, that is to say the legal

des conisequences juridiques de ]'admission d'un Etat consequences of the admission of a State into the League

danms la Societ6 des Nation;s, en ce qui concerne sa re- of Nations so far as its recognition by States which are Mem-

connaissance par les Etats, membres de la Soci6et, ayant bers of the League is concerned, was submitted to exami-

et6 soumise a l'app'reciation des juri;stes, a donne lieu a nation by jurists. Two opposite opinions were brought

deux avis orpposes. forward.Selon les uns, l'admission d'un Etat dans la Societe According to some, the admission of a State into the League

des Nations, implique la reconaissance de cet Etat com- of Nations automatically implies the recognition of that

me sujet de droit. Selon d'autres, et tel est lavis'du State. According to others (and this is the opinion of Dr.

Dr Van Hamel, chef de la Section juridiique, ladmission Van Hamel, the head of the Legal Section), admission to

dans la Societe des Nations ne comporte pas necessai- the League of Nations does not necessarily imply recognitionrement la reconnaissance de jure de la part des Etats. de jure on the part of States. Also, recognition de jure, is

Aussi la reconnaissance de fare ne serait pas juridique- not legally a condition which must have previously been

ment une condition prealable pour l'admission dans la complied with before admission to the League of Nations.

Societ6 des Nations..618-

Le caract&re individuel de la reconnaissance de uire It seems to me to have been established that recognitionme parait etabli. de jure is an act which is individual to the States which grant it.

En effet, qu'arrive-t-il chaque fois qu'un changement What happens each time there is a change of Governmentde r'g'ime s'opere dans un pays ? in a country ?

II arrive ce qui est arrive pour le pays que j'ai l'hon- There will happen what happened in the country whichneur de representer, lorsque ses nouvelles institutions I have the honour to represent, when institutions of a newfurent etablies. Chaque nation separement et selon kind were set up. Each nation separately, and when itqu'elle le juge op0portuin, reconnait le regime nouveau. judges the moment to be opportune, will recognise the newAinisi, la Republique portugaise a 6et reconnue en pre-rgime. It was thus that the Portuguese Republic wasmier lieu par le Bresil, pair les Etats-Unis d'Amerique en- recognised, first by Brazil, then by the United States of Ame-suite, et cc nle fut que plus tard, un an apres, cque les dif- wsarica, and it was only later, after a year had elapsed, that thefdren~ts Etats d'Eutrope, la France avant tout autre, lui various States of Europe, France before all of them, recog-donnerent leur reconnaissance et, de quoi s'agit-il au nised her. What, after all, is the nature of the decision whichfond, en ce qui concerne 1'Esthonie, sinon de la reconnais- must be taken concerning Esthonia, unless it be the recog-sance d'une nouvelle Repu-blique, c'est-a-dire d'un regi- nition of a new Republic, that is to say a new regime ?me nouveau ?

Le fait que ce rdgime inaugure l'existence d'un noiu- The fact that this marks the beginning of the existencevel Etat ne peut etre pris en consideration, a mon avis, of a new State cannot, in my opinion, be taken into consi-si ce n'est pour savoir si cet Etat a des frontieres de- deration except in so far as we have to determine whetherfinies et un gouverne!ment stable. Or, ces conditions pa- that State has fixed frontiers and a stable Government.raissent et're remnplies par l'Estlhonie dont les frontieres Now these conditions seem to be fulfilled by Esthonia, whoseonlt 6t6 deiterminees avec la Russie par un traite, avec frontiers with Russia have been settled by a Treaty, whosela Lettonie par une sentence arbitrale et dont le gou- frontiers with Latvia have been settled by an award of arbi-verneiment foinctionne r6gulier:ement par les organes d'un trators, and whose Government is regularly administeredConseil de ministres et d'une Assembilee legislative. Les by means of a Council of Ministers and of a Legislative Assem-elections qui viennent d'avoir lieu ont attribue, sur les bly. The elections which have just taken place have resulted100 sieges qcue comipre'nd l'Asisemblee, 34 sieges aux par- in the Socialists obtaining thirty-four seats out of the hun-tis socialistes et 66 aux partis li'beraux et modleres. Ce dred which compose the Assembly, and in the Liberal andpays, jusqu'ici pen colnnu, noeus donne d'ai'lleurs l'exe'm- Moderate Parties obtaining sixty-six. This country, uppie, que beaucoup de nations seraient heureuses de pou- till now but little known, has also given us an example whichvoir imiter, d'un Etat oh la proportion des illetres est any nations would be happy if they could follow-thepresque nulle. example of a State where the proportion of illiterates is

practically nil.

Ceci diit s~u~r la question juridiquie, je ne voi!s pias, per- After these remarks on the legal side of the question, Imettez-moi d'ajouter, que l'agr'ume'nt de l'inoertitud'e qui should like to add that I do not see that the argument withplane sur I'avenir de cet Etat ainsi que sur cel:i de ses regard to the uncertainty of the future of this State and ofvoisinis, soit fonde sur des raisons bien justilfiees. Ces its neighbours is justified by facts. These States ask usEtats nous demandenit de le'ur garantir la vie: nous to guarantee their existence, We seem to be condemningavoins l'air de les condamner a mort, sous le pretexte them to death on the pretext that their existence may beque leur existence pourrait etre en danger. put in danger.

En leur refusant l'admission s'ur la base de cc raison- In refusing admission on these grounds, we shall arrivenement, nous aboutirions a cette conclusion un peu pa- at a somewhat paradoxical conclusion. The fact that Es-radoxale. Le fait que l'Estholnie, la Lelttonie et la Lit'hu- tlonia, Latvia and Lithuania are neighbours of a State whichanie sont voisins d'un Etat sulsceptiible de les mettre un is liable one day to place them in danger cannot reasonablyjour en danger, nae pent pas etre inv!olqule en faveur be used as an argument for not admitting them.de la these de la n1on-admission.

Si telle etait la raison de noit!re refus, elle pourrait atre If that were the reason for our refusal, that same reasondgailement appliqude a n'ilmlporte que.l a:utre Etat cons- could be urged with reference to any other constituted Statetitud et dont l'existtence slerait un jour dventuellement whose existence may one day be menaced.menacee.

Un des seuls re'su'ltats feconnds de l'effond'r'elmen't de One of the only fruitful.results of the collapse of the Rus-l'Empire russe a et6 la formation des ddmocraties nou- sian Empire was the setting up of the new democracies whovelles qui frapipent a nos portes pour en:trer dians la are knocking at our door asking for admission to the Com-communaute des nations. Leur refuser la .consecration munity of Nations. To refuse the seal of our approval forqu'elles nous demandent ce serait faire place dans lave- which they ask us is to countenance in the future a survivalnir. des interets que nous devons considerer comme of political ideals which are better dead, and perhaps tomorts, ce serait peut-etre encourager des convoitises encourage secret ambitions.endormies.

Dans l'alternative angoissante oi elle s'est trouvde, la To find a way out of the dilemma in which it found itself,cinquieme Commission a chierchd une formule intermd- the Fifth Committee tried to draft a provisional formuladiaire destinde a donner aux Etats demandants, certai- which should give to the States asking for admission certainnes satisfactions morales, tout en rejetant leurs deman- moral satisfaction while refusing accession to their requests,des, telle la formule qui leur permettrait de faire partie and which should allow them to join the Technical Organi-des organisations techniques de la Societe des Nations. sations of the League of Nations.

J'estime qu'un peu plus de franchise conviendrait In my opinion a little more frankness would go further asmnieux a la solution de ce cas. La Societe des Nations finding a solution of this problem. The League of Nationsdoit 6viter d'aborder des pro'blemes qu'elle se ddclare should avoid undertaking problems which they feel them-impuissante a rdsoudre. Cela nuirait a son devoir et, en selves powerless to solve. Such declarations of failure willattendant, ce'la pourrait porter un coup mortel a son impede its development and at the same time deal its prestige

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prestige. Pour que la Societe des Nations marche, il faut a mortal blow. In order that the League of Nations mayque ses premiers pas soient courageux. go forward successfully, its first steps must be made coura-

geously.Dans cet ordre d'id6es, je me permets de soumettre While on this point, I should like to submit to the Assembly

a l'Assemblee un projet de resolution qui pourrait peut- a draft resolution which may perhaps result in a compromiseetre concilier l'opinion de ceux qui sont favorables a between those who are in favour of the admission of theseladmission avec l'opinion de ceux qui estiment qu'elle States and those who think that their admission should bedoit etre pr6ce6dee de la reconnaissance de jure: preceded by a de jure recognition:

Considerant que la reconnaissance de jure d'un Etat Whereas the de jure recognition of a State is an act byest un acte etablissant' des relations particullieres entre which individual relations are established between the recog-I'Etat reconnaissant et l'Etat reconna... nising State and the recognised State...

Je me sers des paroles mernes du Docteur Van Ha- I am quoting the words of Dr. Van Hamel, Director ofmel, directeur de la Section juridiLqie, the Legal Section,-

... et considerant quie ces relations out .et dlefiilies ar ... and whereas such relations have been defined by traditionalle droit international traditionnel et ne sont pas neces- international law and are not necessarily quite the same assairement tout d fait les memes que les relations collec- collective relations arising from membership of the League oftives rtablies par l'Vadmission comine nmembre de la Nations,Societe des Nations,

L'Assemblee decide de donner un avis favorable ti The Assembly decides to give a favourable answer to thela demande d'admission de la Republique d'Esthonie application for admission of the Republic of Esthonia, subjectsous la reserve conteile dans cette resollltion. to the reservation contained in the present Resolution.

On m'objectera ique le Pacte ne prevoit pas l'admis- It lmay be objected that the Covenant makes no provisionsion avec reserves. En tout cas, ii ne prevoit pas non for admissions with reservations. On the other hand, itplus que l'adimission a la Societe des Nations soit pre- does not stipulate either that admission to the League ofcedee du consentement des gouvernelments. (Apptlaulis- Nations must be preceded by the consent of Governments.scements). (Applause.)

M. JONNESCO (Rouimanie). La Roumanice ne po- M. JONNESCO (Roumania).vant pas laisser planer la mnoindre equivoiue sur le Translation :vote qu'elle va emettre et ses sentiments, elle doit a la Roumania desires that there should be not the slightestSoci6t6 des Nations d'expliquer son vote et ses senti- ambiguity regarding the vote which she is about to cast andments. regarding her motives. She considers it her duty to explain

these to the League of Nations.La Roumanie n'oublie pas qu'elle a realise son unite Roumania does not forget that she has gained her national

nationale par le droit des peuples a disposer d'eux-me- unity by the right of peoples to self-determination. Havingmes. Respectueuse de ce principe, la Roumanie se ran- respect for this principle, Roumania will take her placegera aux c6t6s des nationalit6s qui exprimeront la vo- among those nations which express the desire to establishlont6 de se constituer dans leurs limites ethniques; elle themselves within their racial boundaries. She is thereforeest done prete a reconnaitre les nouveaux Etats balti- ready to recognise the new Baltic and Caucasian States.ques et caucasiens.

Si la Roumanie ne vote pas l'admission immecdiate de If Roumania does not vote for the immediate admissionces pays dans la Societe des Nations, c'est pour etablir of these countries into the League of Nations, it is becausela difference entre les nations et les Etats. Les Etats she wishes to draw a distinction between nations and States.baltiques et caucasiens ne satisfaisant pas aux condi- Since the Baltic and Caucasian States do not fulfil the conrtions posees par le Pacte qui forme la charte de la So- ditions laid down by the Covenant, which is the charter ofciete des Nations, la Roumanie estime qu'elle ne peut pas the League of Nations, Roumania considers that she cannotvoter l'admission de ces Etats. vote for the admission of these States.

Mais le jour ou ils rempliront ces conditions, elle sera But on the day on which they fulfil these conditionsla premiere a 6mettre en leur faveur un vote qui est she will be the first to vote in their favour, acting in con-conforme a son principe d'existence et a sa volonte es- formity with the principle to which she owes her existencesentielle. and in accordance with her fundamental desires.

M. PADEREWSKI (Pologne). - Dans les d6bats qui M. PADEREWSKI (Poland).se poursuivent avec tant d'animation, la voix de la Po- Translation :logne ne saurait demeurer silencieuse. Lorsqu'il s'agit des I the animated discussion which is now taking place thepeuples o-pprimds, des peuples malheureux, des peuples voice of Poland cannot remain unheard. When the questionaspirant a la liberte, a l'independance, la Pologne n'est of the oppression of peoples, of their miseries, of their strugglesjamais indifferente. towards liberty, of their independence, is being debated,

Poland can never rest indifferent.Plusieurs petites Nations viennent demander a etre ad- Several small nations have asked to be admitted as Mem-

mises comme membres de notre Soci6te. Que sont les bers of our League. What are small nations ? Are theypetites nations ? Sont-ce de vagues peuplades insigni- merely obscure, insignificant tribes, are they merely racialfiantes, sont-ce des unites ethniques peu nombreuses, unities, small in numbers, of no importance, to whom thesans importance a qui les grands de ce monde doivent great Powers of the world should show either condescensioncondescendance ou pitie ? Non, Messieurs. La oui il y a or pity ? Gentlemen, the answer is in the negative. Where

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nation il y a ideal, la ohi ii y a nation, il y a mission, il y a nation exists, there also exists an ideal; where a nationa histoire et a ce titre les petites nations sont nos egales, exists, there also exists a mission to be carried out and a his-nos amies, nos sceurs dont quelques-unes, personne n'o- tory. In this respect small nations are our equals, our friends,sera le nier, ont rempli de gloire les annales de l'humnanite our sisters. Some of them-no one can deny it-have glori-en mettant de la beaut6 et de la grandeur dans la vie fied the annals of human achievement with the beauty anddes hommes qu'elles ont puissamment contribue a ci- grandeur of the lives of men who owed their greatness tovi'liser. the civilising influence of these nations.

Je n'ai pas a les citer. Si j'en parle, c'est pour dire I need not give you examples. If I speak of this, it is inqu'on devrait etre prudent quand on juge les petites order to point out that we must be prudent when we passnations, car on ne sait jamais ce qu'elles peuvent don- judgment on small nations, because we never know whatter, ce qu'elles peuvent produire. they may be able to give us or what they may be capable

of producing.La Lettonie, lEsthonie, la Lithuanie notre ennemie Latvia, Esthonia, Lithuania, our enemy of to-day and

d'aujourd'hui, et, je l'espere bien, notre amie de de- I hope our friend of to-morrow, the young and populousmain, la juvenile et populeuse Ukraine, la vieille Georgie, Ukraine, the ancient Georgia, the newly-created Azerbaidjan,le tout jeune AzerbeYdjan et cette ancienne nation mar- and that age-long martyred nation, sorrowful Armenia,tyre, la douloureuse Armenie, demandent a faire partie ask for a share in the League of Nations. They stretch outde la Societe des Nations; elles tendent vers vous leurs to you their hands, emaciated and bearing still the marksmains amaigries, portant encore les traces de ces lour- of the heavy gyves which the great war has broken. Theydes chaines que la grande guerre vient de briser. Elles come before you in suppliant fashion, the flame of hope intendent vers vous leurs regards suppliants, leurs yeux their eyes which long years of slavery has not extinguished.ou brille la flamme de l'esperance que les longues an- They ask to become humble participators in that great boonnees d'escla'vage n'ont pas -pu etenidre. E:lles vious demian- of freedom which the triumph of the Allies has offered todent des places modestes, de simiples bouts de table a ce peoples risen from the dead. They have suffered much;grand festin de liberte offert par le triomphe des Allies that suffering is not yet ended. They have striven much;aux peuples ressuscites. Elles ont tant souffert, elles that strife is not yet ended. They have hoped much; thatsouffrent encore. Elles ont tant lutte, elles luttent encore. hope still endures. The heart of Poland is with those whoElles ont tant espere, elles esperent toujours. Le coeur de suffer, those who strive, those who hope, and she desiresla Pologne est a ceux qui souffrent, qui luttent, qui espe- to reply by an unhesitating affirmative to the question whichrent et, en presence de la question qui se pose, il vou- is before her. (Applause.)drait bien repondre oui sans hesiter. (Applaudlissements.)

Mais le cceur de la Pologne, reconnaissante est aussi But the grateful heart of Poland is also, and above all,et avant tout a ceux qui l'ont si gendreusement soute- with those who have so generously supported and aided her.nue et aidee. La Pologne sait troip bien a qui elle doit Poland knows too well to whom she owes her independenceson independance pour ignorer ce qu'il lui convient de not to realise her responsibility in this matter. It wouldfaire en cette circonstance. II parait que l'heure de l'ad- seem that the hour for admitting these nations has not yetmission n'a pas encore sonne. Le coeur' de la Pologne struck. The heart of Poland would say "Yes"; her voice,voudrait dire oui, sa voix ne peut done pas dire non. therefore, cannot say "No". Therefore, Gentlemen, atC'est pourquoi, Messieurs, an risque de paraitre absent, the risk of being regarded as absent, I abstained from votingje me suis abstenu ce matin et je m'abstiendrai encore this morning and I shall abstain again this afternoon, atcet apres-midi, tout en formant des vceux sinceres, des the same time expressing sincere and warm hopes that thevceux chaleureux pour que les bienfaiteurs de mon pays benefactors of my country may be able to do all that is pos-puissent le plus tot possible proclamer definitivement la sible to proclaim once and for all liberty to all those smallliberte de toutes ces petites nations quelles qu'elles soient, nations, whomsoever they may be, both to our enemies andnos ennemies ou nos amies. C'est alors que, par-dessus to our friends. It is thus that amidst the darkness thatles tenebres qui aux confins de l'Europe enveloppent no- overspreads our European civilisation the League of Nationstre civilisation, la Societe des Nations apparaitra comme will appear as the dawn of a new order. (Loud applause.)l'aurore d'une vie nouvelIle. (Vifs applaudissements.)

M. BRANTING (Suede). - Messieu:rs, je n'ail pas voulu M. BRANTING (Sweden).laisser p!asse'r l'occasion slolennetlle sans assolcier la voix Translation:de la Suedde aux paroles eil6oquentes prononcees du haut I do not wish to let this solem-n occasion pass, Gentlemen,de cette tribuine en faveur de la situation que nous fe- without declaring the adhesion of Sweden to the opinionsrons bientot, je l'espere. a ces petits Etats baltiques, en so eloquently expressed from this platform in favour of afaveur de leur etroite union avec le monde de l'Occident, situation whicl I hope *we shall soon bring into existence,avec la civibisatioin occidentale. a situation when tile little Baltic States will be closely united

to the Western world and to Western civilisation.Leturs traditions, leur histoire nous sonlt connuies; ils The knowledge of their traditions and of their history is

ont une civilisation nationale qui, maiglgre l'oppression dont in our possession. They have a national civilisation, which,ils ont etc I'objiet, est dereuree et continue a se develop- despite the oppressive measures of which it lias been theper sous nos yeux. object, is established and continues to develop before our eyes.

Nous autres, Su'edois, nous savons peut-etre mieux We men of Sweden know perhaps better than some ofqu'un certain nomnbre de nos coilllgues que ces petits pays our colleagues that the small countries which arose as thequi ont surgi de la revolution russe, ont garde leur civili- result of the Russian revolution have kept alive their nationalsatio!n natio:nale. Cette civilisation, nous ne devon:s pas Ia civilisation. We must not allow that civilisation to perishlaisser peri!r dans la bataille engagee entre les grandes during the struggle between the great Powers.Puis'sances.

Apres de longues discussions, nous 6tions tombes d'ac- After long discussion we at length succeeded in reachingcord. an agreement.

-621 --

Ce n'est Pas sans uric vive an~xi~t6 que nous voyons It is not without great anxiety that we see Esthonia,Ce W'est pias sans une vive a n;xiete que nous voy-n , , ............. s ............J ................ ,

'Esthonie, l~a Lettonie, la Lithuanie tendre leurs mains Latvia and Lithuania appealing to the free peoples of Europe

vers les p,euiples libres de l'Europe et demander lelur ad- and asking the League of Nations for an admission which

mission dans la Societ. des Nations, admission qu'ils ne they are not at present able to obtain.

siont pas sfirs d'obtenir des maintenant.Apres de longues discussions, nous etions tombes d'ac- After long discussion we agreed to insist on the recognition

cord pour faire valoir leurs dro, its et cependant la Con,- of their rights. The Committee was nevertheless compelled

mission a 6te contrainte par Ia situatioln de prendre en by present circumstances to take into consideration Article 10

consideration l'articie 10 du Pacte, qui dislpiose que les of the Covenant, which lays down that States newly admitted

Etats nouvellement admis entrent dans la Socie6t avec enter the League with the same rights as those which areles mnoemes droits que ceux qui en sont de6j membres already Members, and consequently must be defended by

et qu'en consequence ils doivent Ctre defendus par tous all other Members of the League of Nations against any

les autares membres die a Sciete des Nations conatre uinae t iviolent aggression which threatens their independence.agression violente menacant leur independance.

Or, a cette heure, oh la situation g6neirale est si con- Further, at this momoent when the general situation is so

fuse, alors que ni l'Esthonie, ni la Lettonie, ni la Lithua- confused, when neither Esthonia, Latvia nor Lithuania have

nie n'onlt encsore et6 reconnues par aucune des grandes as yet been recognised by any of the great Powers, it would

Puissances, ce serait, pr.ciselment pour les Etats ui I be, for those States which desire to fulfil their engagements,veulent teni:r l;eurs engagements, un risque que nous nu, a risk which we could not lightly incur, to admit into the

pouvons prendre a la l6gre que dadm ettre dans la So- League of Nations States, which by their geographical situa-

citie6 des Nations, en ce nmome'nt, ces Etats qui, par leu r tion are unfortunately open to attacks from a Power whose

situati.on g.6ographique s.oqnt malheureusement si ex'pos6s intentions no one can measure, a Power which perhaps will

aux attaques d'une Puissance dont personne ne connait one day be transformed into a conquering power menacingles intentions, dont personne ne sait si, Quequelujour, elle the freedom of Europe. ne se transformera -pas en une Puissance de conqutemenacant la libe:rt6 de l'Europe.

C'est pDour ces raisons qu'au nsorm de la Suede, je n'ai It is for these reasons that in the name of Sweden I can

pu faire autrement que de m'associer aux propositions de do no more than associate myself with the proposals of thela Commission, tendant a l'ajournement. Ces peuples ont Committee to postpone their admission. These people have

recu de nsous deia des eslp~Srances. Nous iIous sormmres already reason to hope for something from us. We have

engag6s a faicre le possible pour les adcmettre au cours de undertaken to do all that is possible to admit them during

notre prochaine session. the course of our next Session.11 se degage de la proposition d'ajournement une bien- Though we propose to postpone their admission we never-

veillance si manifeste que, vraimlent, il serait injuste de theless regard their applications with such benevolence

la consid6rer comme un refus. Cet ajourne ment com-por- that it would be in reality unjust to consider our proposal as

te meme l'engagement que nous pourrons prendre tous, a refusal. The adjournment of this question binds us all,

je lespere, de tirer profit du temps aui s'ecoulera ius- I hope, to profit by the time which will elapse between now and

qu'au m .ois de septembre 1921, pour obtenir de nos ;ou- the month of September, 1921, in order to obtain from our

vernements respectifs la reconnaissance de ces Etats et respective Governments a recognition of these States andaussi le droit de voter leur admission lors de la pro- permission, which many of us have not got at this momieent,

chaine sesssion, droit que pilusieurs d'entre nous n'ont pas to vote for their admission during the course of the next Ses-

en ce moment. SiOi1.

eai tenu a dire a ceux qui ne connaissent pect-etre pas I should like to say to those who do not perhaps know the

bien les Ipays baltiqe ues, que nous, Su6dois, qui sommres Baltic States very well that we of Sweden, who are their next

leurs prolches voisins, nous nous interessouns vivement a door neighbouis, take very great interest in their future and

leur avenir, a leur prosperite. C'est pourquoi nous esperons in their prosperity. That is why we sincerely hope that they

sincerement que bient6t ils po!urront etre recus membres will soon be received as Members of the League of Nations,

de la Ssociet6 des Nations afin que nous pluissions alors, so that we can tread firmly the path of progress in a spirit of

tous ensemble, evoluer dans l'esprit de la Ipaix et de la peace and justice (Applause).justice. (Applaudisseinents).

M. POULLET (Bclgique). -- Je vous demande de pou- M POULLET (Belgiul).voir m'expliquer en quelques mots au sujet du projet de Translation:resolution que vous a presente le d6elgue du Portugal. I ask to be allowed to say a few words on the subject of

the draft resolution which was presented to you by the dele-gate from Portugal.

Ce projet de resolution souileve une question juridique This draft resolution raises a legal question of a very deli-

extremement delicate et complexe, qui a ete examinee par cate and complex nature. It was examined by the Fifth Com-

la 5me Commission, mais sur laquelle cette Commission mittee, but the Committee desired to take no decision owingn'a pas voulu prendre position, tellement le sujet lui a pa- to the extreme delicacy of the subject. The question wasru delicat. I1 6tait d'autant plus d6licat que, renvoy6e the more delicate as, after having been sent for examinationpour examlen a une Commission sp6ciale de jurisconsul- to a special Committee of Jurists, these latter were found to

tes, ceux-ci se sont trouves divises sur la solution a don- be of different minds regarding its solution. It was a questionner au probleme. II s'agit des liens qui peuvent exis- of the relations between recognition de jure of a State byter entre la reconnaissance de jure p'rononcee par un another State and that State's admission into the League ofEtat vis-a-vis d'un autre Etat et l'admission au sein de Nations.la Societe des Nations,

11 m'a paru que dans la 5me Comlmission, un accord In the Fifth Committee a more or less general agreemlentassez gdenral s'etait fait jour sur les deux propositions was reached on the two following propositions which deal

- 622 -

suivantes qui touchent au probleme, sans avoir cependant with the problem without, however, pretending to solve itla pretention de le r6soudre oom!'ple&temien't. completely.

Premiere proposition: I1 ne saurait pas etre question First proposition: There is no question of requiring as ad'imposer, comme condition sine qua non d'admission sine qua non for admission into the League of Nations recog-dans la Soci6ete des Nations, le fait, pour l'Etat deman- nition de jure by all the Members of the League of Nationsdeur, d'etre reconnu de jure par tous les membres de la of the State asking for admission. The reason for this is simple.Societe des Nations. La raison en est tres simple. I1 existe, At present there are within the League of Nations Statesa l'heure actuelle, au sein de la Societe des Nations, des which have none of the diplomatic relations one with ano-Etats qui n'ont point entre eux les relations diplorati- ther which are the essential feature of recognition of a Stateques qui sont la caracteristique essentielle de la recon- de jure. If I may be allowed to remind you of what happenednaissance de jure. S'il m'est pe-rmis de rappeler un son- in my own country, I would point out that for many years thevenir piroprre a mon pays, je dirai que, pendan't de longues Czar Nicholas refused to recognise Belgium de jure because-anndes, le tsar Nicolas n'a pas voulu reconnaitre de jure and this was during the period of the Holy Alliance-uphold-la Belgique parce que, - c'tait . l'epolque de la Sainte ing as he did the Doctrine of Divine Right, he did not wish toAlliance - se reclamant des doctrines du diroit divin, recognise a monarchy which had been established by a popu-il ne vonulait p.as reconnaitre une mnonarchie qui ffut issue lar revolution.d'une revolutioln po'pulaire.

Des circonstanoes analogues peuvent encore exister Circumstances analogous to this may still exist in the rela-dans les rapport's de certains Etats les uns vis-a-vis des tions between certain States, one with another; but this isautres; ce ne serait 6vildemment pas une raison ipour la evidently no reason for the great majority of States to begrande majorit, des Etats de s'incliner devant dies mo- guided by motives of this kind.tifs de l'espe ce.

Deuxieme proposition : on a paru d'accord pour recon- Second proposition: It was agreed that, though therenaitre que si juridiquement il n'y a 'pas d'obstacle absolu. was no absolute legal bar to admission in such cases, it wasil ne serait cependant pas raisonnable de la part d'un nevertheless not reasonable for a State which did notEtat qui, ne reconnait pas de jure unl autre; Etat- spDecia- recognise de jure another State-especially if it did not recog-lement s'il ne le reconnait pas de iure pour la raison que nise it de jure because that State, or the Government whichcet Etat ou le Gouvernement qui est a sa tete manque de controlled it, lacked stability or was not of the permanentsol'idite, du caractere de permanence desirable il ne nature desired-to vote for the admission of the State whichserait pas raisonnable, dis-je, pour cet Etat de voter it did not recognise.l'admiss!ion de lEtat qu'il ne reconnait pas de jure.

En definitive, la reconnaissance de jure se caracterise Recognition de jure means the despatch of diplomaticpar l'envoi dd'agents diplomatioues. par la conclusion de representatives, the conclusion of treaties, etc. If circuin-traitds, etc. Si une circonstance survient qui met fin a stances arise which put an end to these relations, no greatces relations, le preiudice n'est pas exceptionnellement prejudicei results. If, on the other hand, we vote for thegrave. Mais au contraire si nous votons dans la Socilete admission of a State into the League of Nations whose existencedes Nations l'admission d'un Etat dont l'existence nous appears to us to be, in certain respects, still precarious, theapparait encore a certains egards comme prcaire, les, consequences to the prestige of the League of Nations itselfconsequences peuvent en etre extremement graves pour might' be extremely grave. Would it be possible for us tole prestige de la Societe des Nations elle-meme. Les carry out the obligations which attach to admission and theobligations qui se rattachent a cette admission:, les de- duties which we assume towards that State ? It is quitevoirs que nous .assumolns envers ccet Etat, se'ronns-nous comprehensible that a newly-admitted State should valuedans la possibilit e de les accomplir? On' conmiprenid tres very highly the honour of being admitted amongst us, butbien qu'un nouvel Etat prise tres haut lhonneur d'etre we ought not to forget that we must attach great importanceadmis parmi nous, mais nous ne devons pas perdre de to the possibility, nay, the certainty, of being able to fulfil,vue, d'un autre cote, que nous 'devons priser tres haut in our relations with those whom we admit into our midst,egalement la possibilite, la certitude de maintenir vis-a- the obligations of the Covenant, and especially the obliga-vis Gde tonus ceux que nous adimiettonis 'danis notre seiin, le's tions of Article 10 as to territorial integrity and politicalobligations d'u P'acte et sp'ecialeiment ces obili'gatioons de independence.l'article 10, respect de l'integralite territoriale et in.de-pendance politique.

Si vous voulez bien appliquer cette double 'proposition If you apply these two propositions to the draft resolutionau projet de resolution qui nous a ete soumis par le which has been submitted to us by the Delegate fromdel6gu6 du Portugal, je pense que vous conviendrez nvec Portugal, I think you will agree with me that it would notmoi. qu'il n'est pas opportun, de ratifier cette piroposition be opportune to pass this motion because it goes against theparce qu'elle va a l'encontre des principles que je viens principles which I have just enunciated. The resolution isde formuler. Voici comment est concue cette resolution : as follows:

Consiclerant que la reconnaissance Gde jure l'un' Etat Whereas the de jure recognition of a State is aln act by whichpar un autre etablit des relations particulieres entre individual relations are established between the recognisingl'Etat reconnaissant et l'Etat reconna... State and the recognised State....

C'est absolument exact, il n'y a aucune objection a This is entirely true, and no objection can be raised to thisfaire a cette pre'rmisse. premiss-

Considerant lque ces relations ont etc lefinies par le And whereas such relations have been defined by traditionaldroit international tradlitionnel et ne sont pas necessai- international law, and are not necessarily quite the same asremenit tout a fait les imemes que les relations collectives the collective relations arising from membership of the League

tlblbies par I'adImission comn11e memlbre e la Societe des of Nations....Nations...

- 623 --

C'est encore parfaitement exact, il y a une grande This is also entirely true. There is a great differencedifference entre les effets de la reconnaissance de lure between the consequences involved by recognition de jure

pour l'Etat qui reconnait et les effets de l'admission au (for a State which accords it) and the consequences of

se'in de la Socite des Nations. admission into the League of Nations.Mais ces effets de l'admis:sion au sein de la Societe But the consequences of admission into the League of

des Nations sont bien plus graves, bieun plus coslsidera- Nations are much more serious, much more considerable,bles, engagent bien plus notre responsabilit6 a tous que and involve responsibilities to an extent far greater than thele simple envoi d'agents diplomatiques, signe caracteris- simple despatch of diplomatic representatives, which is thetique de la reconnaissance de jure. Par consequent la characteristic sign of de jure recognition. The logical con-conclusion logique devrait etre, selon moi: si je ne clusion of this should be, in my opinion, that, if I do not recog-reconinais pas de jure, je ne peux pas admettre; tandis nise a State de jure I cannot admit it to the League. Theque la d6legation portugaise propose les conclusions Portuguese Delegation, on the other hand, proposes the

suivantes ' following conclusion:

L'Assemblde dlecide de donner ll avis favorable i la The Assembly decides to give a favourable answer to thedemande d'admission sous la reserve contenne dans cette request for admission, subject to the reservations, contained in

resolution. the present resolution.

J'estime au contraire que les motifs et les premisses This is, in my view, a non sequitur. I consider that the

conduisent logiquement a la conclusion que je defends reasons and premisses previously advanced lead logicallydevant, l'Assemblee et qui est ceille a lacluelle est arrivee to the conclusion that I am defending before the Assembly,la Commission, a savoir qu'il faut ajourner l'admission and which is the one to which the Committee agreed-that

des Etats dont i'l s'agit. is to say, that the admission of the States in questionshould be postponed.

L'emir ZOKA-ED-DOWLEH (Perse). - Je tiens a re- The Emir ZOKA-ED-DOWLEH (Persia).mercier nos honorables collegues qui se sont prononces Translation:en faveur des Etats detaches de l'ancienne Russie tsa- I should like to thank those of my colleagues, M. Restrepo,riste, MiM. Restrepo,'Chagas, ains . Paderewski et M. Chagas and M. Paderewski, who have spoken in favoura declarer tout de suite que, contrairement au represen- of those States which have been separated from Czaristtant de la Pologne, je ne peux pas m'abstenir de voter Russia and to declare at once that, unlike the representativepour les petites nations sur la demnande desiquels nous of Poland, I am not able to abstain from voting in favourallons statuer. of the request which the little nations have put before us.

C'est que la Perse a, elle aussi, bien soutffert de 'an- Persia also suffered much from the former Czarist regime.cien regime tsariste; comme ces petites nations elle a Like those little nations, she has known mnisfortune. Thisetc malheureuse : c'est, ce qui m'engage a prendre la compels me to speak in their favour.paroile eln .leutr favelur.

Nous avonis ce matin accueilli favor ablement la delman- This morning we received favourably the request of Fin-

de de la Finlanlde, pourquoi repolusserions-nous celles land. Why should we reject the request of Georgia and thede la (Georgie et des Etats haltiques ? Ce n'est pas la Baltic States ? Finland is assuredly not of the same race,

meme race evidenmment, ce n'est pas la meme lan~gue, nor of the same language, but she is in the same condition

mais en somme la Finlande se trouve dans les memes as Georgia and the Baltic States. I would even say tconditions que la Georgie et les pays hbaltiques, je dirai she is in the same position as the Ukraine and Caucasian

memre volontiers qu'elle est peut-etre dans les memes Azerbaidjan.conditions que 'Ukraine et l'Azerbeidjan du Caucase.

S'iSl en est ainsi, pourquoi faire une excelption ? Po-ur- If this be so, why should we make an exception ? Why

quoi ne pas nous en tenir toujours au meme principe ? should we not always be guided by the same principle ?

L'Assemblee est en quelque sorte le tribunal interna- The Assembly is in some ways the international tribunaltional par excellence. le centre de la justice du monde : par excellence, the seat of world justice. If we make ansi nous faisons une exceptioln, qu'e:n pennsera le molnde ? exception, what will the world think ? It will be said thatOn dlira que dans la Societe des Nations il y a des par- among the Members of the League of Nations there existtis prils pour teil onu tel Etat et qu'il ne regne p'as parrnmi prejudices in favour of this or that State, and that amongnots une ideue unique de justice, de dr:oit, d'independance us there is no single principle of justice, of right, of indepen-

pour toutes les nations: tel sera le raisonnement que l'on dence, which must be applied to all nations. That wilse fera notamlment en Amerique oi l'on nous critique tou- be the opinion, especially in America, where we are constantly

jours. criticised.Dc menme cc matin, I'Asselmblee a 6ete conlsulitee sur The Assembly lad also this morning to deal with the

la dermande de l'Armenie : cette demandce auraait pu peut- request of Armenia. That request might also perhaps have

etre tout aussi bien recevoir uln accueil favorable. Jeetre tout aussi bien recevoir un accue!il favoiralble. Je obtained a favourable reception. Nevertheless, I realisereconnais celpenllidant que, dan's ce p'ays, la situation est that in that country the situation is precarious and that

insta;blle, que l'Armnnie n'existe pas en ralit6; c'est Armenia does not in reality exist. For this reason Persiaourquloi la Perse s'est abstenue die prendre part au vote abstained from voting. But the situation in Georgia is

Mais la situation n'est, pas lta meme ,en ce qui concerne different. Georgia is an organised country with a stableMaisa orsituation nes u pays oga mnise, avec qun gcvrGovern ment, and an army which can defend it against thelmenot srie. Cet force miitire qui a su se dlun fenodre- two enemies which have been attacking it for several years.ment stables, une force misiqtaire qlui a su se diatqidrue I was in Georgia in 1919. It is a civilised country whichcoenre lnes deux tenanemis qun I ornt asseaii penldant quel- I pknow well. In- my opinion it has the right to be admittedques arnnees; j',etalis en Geiorgie en 1919, c'est un pays as a lember o the League of Nations.civilis6 que je connnais bien: pourr moi il avait le droitd'etre admis commie nemrbre de la Societe des Nations.

-- 624 -

le me prononce egalement en faveur des pays Baltiques I am also favourably disposed towards the Baltic Stateset aussi pour 1'Ukraine et pour l'Azerbeidjan avec cette and also towards the Ukraine and Azerbaidjan, with thereserve, toutefois, que je m'associe a l'exception dont ces reservation that I agree with those who would make an excep-d'eux derniers Etats font l'oibje't, puisque les circo!nstan- tion with regard to the two last-named States, since circum-ces ne permettent p'as encore die les admettre. Qu'il stances do not as yet allow them to be admitted. I shouldsoit biien entenl'du d'daillteu'rs, ceci soit dit en nassant, que like, in passing, to make it quite clear that when I speak ofquanid je parle de l'Azerbeidjan, 'entends l'Azerbeidjan Azerbaidjan I am referring to Caucasian Azerbaidjan, sincedu Caucase, ,puisque l'Azerbeidjan est une province de Azerbaidjan is a province of Persia.la Perse.

En conclluant je demande a M. le Pr6sident de consul- In conclusion, I ask the President to put to the vote sepa-ter 1'Assembllee separemenit sur chacune de ces demarn- rately each of these requests for admission. They maydes d'admission. II se peit qu'elle ne rallie pas la majorite; not obtain a majority in favour. Nevertheless, it will be ance sera tout de memne pour ces petits Etaits u'ne force acquisition of moral strength for these little States. Theiret un apipui moral. Leurs ye'ux sont tournes vers ce tri- eyes are turned towards this international tribunal whichbunal international qu'est l'Assem'blee, je vous demande is the Assembly. I ask you not to dash their hopes. Forde ne pas decouirager leurs esperance's. Quiant a moi, je my part, I shall vote in favour of the request for admissionvoterai en faveur des demandes d'adlmissioin des trois of the three Baltic States and of Georgia. I hope that next yearEtats baltiques et de la Georgie; j'ai l'espoir que l'annee I shall be allowed to vote, in addition, in favour of the requestprochaine i'l me se'ra per'mi's de voter egalement en f faor admission of the Ukraine and of Caucasian Azerbaidjan.v'eur de la die!manlde d'admission de l'Ukrain'e et de (Applause.)1'<< Azerbeidjan du Cauicase >>. (Applaudissements.)

M. le PRESIDENT. La discussion generale qui The PRESIDENT.s'est ouverte a prolpos de la delmand'e die l'Esthhonie est Translationclo'se. La li'ste des orateu~rs est 6puis.e. Je vou's p'roposede vclose. La liste dcces sorien surs est isem Je vos rops The general debate on the request of Esthonia is nowde voter s'uccessivelment sur .es de-mandes d'aidissi osn^de vosth er sicessivemnt sur le demandesd'admission. closed, no further Member desiring to speak. The procedurede i'Esthonie, de ia Lettonie et de la Litthiuandie. I propose is to vote successively on the requests for admission

of Esthonia, Latvia and Lithuania.La Comimission nous a fait pour chacun de ces Etats, In regard to each of these States the Committee has made

des recommandations analogu!es a celles faites ce matlin recommendations similar to those which it made this morningpour l'Armelnie. with regard to Armenia.

Je suis saisi depuis un instant, par l'organe du Presi- I have this moment been informed by the Chairman ofdent de la 5me Commission, d'une formule sur laquell'e the Fifth Committee of a formula to which the Committeecettde commission vient de se mettre d'aocord et qui, je has just agreed and to which I think the whole Assemblyle pense, rencontrera I'assentiment unanime de l'Assem- ill unanimously assent. The formula is roughly as fol-blee. Voici cette formule lows:

En attendant les decisions ulterieures de l'Assemhble, Pending subsequent decisions of the Assembly it is desirable1i est desirable due tel Etat qui n'aurait pas et admis, that such and such a State which has not been admitted should,soit, s'il le demande, traite de la meme maniere que les i it so requests, be treated in the same way as States MembersEtats membres de la Societed des Nations, en ce qui con- of the League of Nations, with regard to participation in Tech-cerne leur participation d des organisations techniques. nical Organisations.

M. SCHANZER (Italic). Je vouldrais en premier lieu M. SCHANZER (Italy).faire une observation sur l'ordre des votes. Translation:

I should like in the first place to speak on the order in whichthe voting is to take place.

II y a une proposition de la Commission tendant a There is a proposal of the Committee which postponesdiff6rer l'adhesion des Etats baltiques et de la Georgie the admission of the Baltic States and of Georgia into thedans la Societe des Nations. League of Nations.

M. le President annonce maintenant que la Commission The President announces that the Committee proposespropose un vceu qui devrait etre mis aux voix apres la a recommendation which is to be put to the vote after theproposition de la Commission. proposal of the Committee.

Je me permets die vous faire remarquer oue nous I should like to remark that we have also to deal withsommes encore en presence d'autres propositions qui, other proposals which I think are still maintained by thoseje le pense, sont maintenues par ceux qui les ont faites : who brought them forward. One proposal is from M. Chagasl'une de M. Chagas pour l'adcmi'ssion avec reserves: concerning admission with reservations, the other froml'autre de M. estrepo, pour l'admissioin pure et simple. M. Restrepo concerning unconditional admission.

Si ces propositions sont maintenues, je crois qu'il faut If these-proposals are maintained I think that they shouldles mettre aux voix et alolrs, il faudra appliquer le regle- be put to the vote, and then Article 18 of the Rules of Pro-ment qui, a l'article 18, dispose: _ cedure must be brought into operation. This lays down that:

< qu'en presence de plusieurs propositions, on don- "When a number of proposals are before the Assem-nera la prior'ite du vote a celle qui s'eloigne le plus bly, the proposal furthest removed in substance fromde la proposition principale. > the principal one shall be voted on first."

Nous avons ici une proposition d'admission ave ' r- We have before us a proposal concerning admission withserves et une autre d'adlmission pure et simple. reservations and another concerning unconditional admis-

sion.

- 625 -40

Je crois que cette dernie're est celle lul s'1loigne Ie I think the second of these is one which is the furthestJe crois que cette dernierle est celle qm s eloigne ie ...... .. . ...... . ... . ... . . ad

plus de la proposition die la commission, et, par cons- reoved fro the propsal of te Comittee, ad consequent, celle qui devra etre mise au vote avant la pro- quently, that it should be put to the vote before the proposal

position de la Commissilon. of the Committee.

M. le PRESIDENT. -- C'est ce que je viens de dire; The PRESIDENT.

nous sommes tout a fait d'accor, I translation :That is what I have just said; we are in perfect agree-

rient.

M. SGHA'NZIR (Italie). - Permettez-moi d'expliquer M. SCHANZER (Italy).

en deux mots le vote de la delegation italienne. Translation:May I briefly explain the vote of the Italian Delegation ?

Le point de vue de l'Italie, en ce qui concerne l'admis- Italy's point of view with regard to the admission of States

sion des Etats dan.s la Societe des Nations, est le plus large into tlhe eague of Nations is extremely wide and liberal.et le plus liberal. Nous sommes coonvaincus que, au fur et We are convinced that the more States the League includes,

I mesure que la Societe comprendra un plus gr:and nom- the better it will be able to carry out its task of ensuring

bre d'Etats, celle-ci pourra mieux accomplir son euvre de closer union and collaboration between nations. It will

solidarite ct de collaboration entre les peuples. Alors, then be not only the most august Assembly of the world

elle nie sera pas seulement r la plus auguste Asse.mble (which is, nevertheless, at this Iloment hampered in its

du monde, s ui paourtant ent prlsene de certaines ques- deliberations by certain questions), it will really be a living

tions est en cc moment enpraveee dans ses deliberations and active organism, able to throw all the weight of its in-

elle sera vraiment un organisme de vie et d'action qui fluence into the political balance of the world for the main-

pourra jeter tout le poids de son influence dans la balance tenance of peace and union aiiong nations.

de la politique du monde pour le maintien de la !paix etde la sool!idarite entre les peulpiles.

Danis cet ordre d'idses, nous somimnes dispo ses a nous In conformity with these ideas, we are prepared to support

rallier a la proposition de M. Restrepo pour l'admission M. Restrepo's motion proposing the immediate admission

im-m6ed'iate des Etats baltiques et de la Georgie dans la of the Baltic States and of Georgia into thle League of Na-

Societe des Nations. (Applaudissements.) tions. (Applause.)

M. Ie PRESIDENT. - J'ai eu l'honneur de dire tout The PRESIDENT.a l'heure a M. Schanzer que j'etais entierement d'accord Translation:avec lui sur la procedure a suivre. A mon avis, I'Assem- I had the honour to tell M. Schanzer just now that I en-

blee doit se prononceir d'abord sur chaque demande d'ad- tirely agreed with hini as to the procedure to be followed.mission, sous reserve, apres le vote sur ladmission, d'exa- In my opinion, the Assembly should decide first on each

miner certaines resolutions teliles que celle qui vous a ete request for admission, reserving its right, after the vote on

propose pour lArmenie. admission, to examine certain resolutions, such as thatwhich was proposed to you in the case of Armenia.

M. Iene VIVIANI (France). - I1 ne faut pas qu'il y ait M. Rene VIVIAN I (France).

ici d'eouivoaue sur deis senittiments de g6enerosite quii .sont Translation:partages au fond par tout le monde. La quest'ion est There must be no misunderstanding with regard to tlosegrave, la Commission I'a examinee pendant plusieurs generous feelings which are really shared by everyone. The

jours et si nous nous sommes arretes a des reserves des- question is serious. The Committee investigated it for

quelles il resulte que nous admettons les trois Etats dont several cavs. We decided to compromise by admittingon parle uniquement dans les organisations techniques, the three States in question only into the Technical Organisa-c'est d'une part, comme je l'ai dit hier, pour ne pas tran- tios This decision was taken, as I said yesterday, in ordecher le pro'bleme russe qui reste libre, et c'est aussi pour not to interfere with the Russian problem, which shouldune autre raison. remain untouched, and also for another reason.

Il y a dans le Pacte un certain article donit il est beau- There is in the Covenant a certain Article which has been

coup parle qui s'appelle l'article 10. Cet article nous met often mentioned, and which is called Article 10. This Ar-

en devoir, lorsque nous avons appris qu'un associ6 est en ticle imposes a duty on us when we hear that a Menber is

danger dans les termes de l'article 10, de lui porter se- in danger. Under the terms of Article 10, we must come

cours. Et commime nous n'aimons pas mentir aux peuples, to its assistance. As we do not desire to deceive nations,

comme la pire politique c'est d'entretenir des d6ceptions as the worst policy is to foster illusions in the public, to make

dans les coonsciences populaires, de faire coroire aux gens people believe that they will be succoured when such will

qu'on les seclo,urra quand on ne les secourra pas, ceux not be the case, those who do not think that they will be

qui pensent qu'ils ne peuvent pas se porter aux coonfins able to come from the ends of Europe to help these-nations,

de l'Europe n,our les soutenir out vot6 comrnme la France vote, as France has voted, and as I shall vote, for the plan

a vot6 et comme je voterai, le projet de la Commission, of the Commlittee, that is to say, for their admission into

c'est-a-dire l'admission dans les organisations techniques. the Technical Organisations.Mais j'espere qu'il sortira de cette d6eliberation sinon But I hope that there will arise out of this debate, if not

quelque chose de coollectif, du moins quelque chose d'uni- some collective, at least some individual action, and that

lat!ral et que ceux qui veulent admettre purement et those who desire the unconditional admission of the Baltic

simplement les Etats baltiques, appliquant a leurs propres States will apply Article 10 in the case of their own countries;

pays l'article 10, au cas de danger viendront au secours and, if necessary, come to the assistance of the nations

des pays qui sont menac6s. (Vifs applaudisserments). which are threatened. (Load applause.)

626 -

La demande d'admission de l'Esthonie, mise aux voix, The request of Esthonia for admission was put to the voteest rejetee par 27 voix contre 5. and rejected by 27 votes to 5.

32 Etats ont pris part au vote. There voted .. 32 States.5 Etats ont votle oui. There voted for admission . . 5 ,,

27 Etats ont vote non . There voted against admission. 27 ,,10 Abstentions et absents. There were absent or abstained 10 ,,

Etats qui ont vote oui: There voted for admission:Colombie, Italie, Paraguay, Perse, Portugal. Colombia, Italy, Paraguay, Persia, Portugal.

Etats qui ont vote non,: There voted against admission:Afrique du Sud, Australie, Belgique, Bolivie, Bresil, South Africa, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, the Bri

Empire britannicque, Canada, COhili, Cuba, Danemark, Es- tish Empire, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Spain, France,pagne, France, Grece, Inde, Japon, Liberia, Nicaragua, Greece, India, Japan, Liberia, Nicaragua, Norway, NewNorvege, Nouvelle-Zelande, Panama, Pays-Bas, Rouma- Zealand, Panama, the Netherlands, Roumania, the Serb-nie, Serbe-Croate-Slovene (iEtat), Suede, Suisse, Tcheco- Croat-Slovene State, Sweden, Switzerland, Czecho-Slovakia,Slovaquie, Uruguay. Uruguay.

SUtR LES DEMANDES D'ADIMISiSION DE :LA REQUEST OF LATVIA AND LITHUANIALETTOINIE ET DE LA LITHUANIE FOR ADMISSION.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Maintenant, messieurs, je pro- The PRESIDENT.pose de passer successivement aux votes sur la demande Translationde la Lettonie et sur celle de la Lithuanie, en reservant Now, Gentlemen, I propose that we should vote in succes-momentandment celle de la Gorgie. sion on the request of Latvia and that of Lithuania, post-

poning that of Georgia for the moment.Apres ces votes nous reprendrions la question des re- After these votes have been taken, we will return to the

solutions sufbsidiaires qui ont eti proposees tout a question of the subsidiary resolutions which were proposedI'heure. I just now.

-M. RIE;STRiEP'O (Colonrmi!e). .Je vouidrais savoir, M. RESTREPO (Cololbia).monsieur le President, si, avant ces votes, je puis prendre Translation la parole comme je l'ai fait tant6t pour l'Esthonie. I should like to know, Sir, whether, before these votes

are taken, I aim allowed to speak, as I did in the case of Es-thonia.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Parfaitement, monsieur, c'est The PRESIDENT.votre droit. Translation :

Certainly, M. Restrepo, you have the right to do so.

M. RESTREPO (Colombie). - Alors je demande Ia M. RESTREPO (Colombia).parole pour continuer mon discours. (Rires approbatifs). Translation :

Then, I ask leave to speak in order to continue my speech.(Laughter.)

M. le PRESIDENT. - Vous avez la parole. The PRESIDENT.Translation :You have leave to speak.

M. RESTREPO (Colombie). - Monsieur le Prsident, M. RESTREPO (Colombia).messieurs, puisque les conditions qui caracterisent la Let- Translationtonie, la Lithuanie et la G0eorgie ont 6ete reconnues egales Mr. President, and Gentlemen, since we have all agreedpar nous tous, ie vais me permettre de continuer mon dis- that the conditions with regard to Latvia, Lithuania andcours a propos de la Lithuanie dans 'esprit ou j'avais Georgia, are alike, I will take the liberty of continuing myvoulu le faire lorsqu'i s'agissait de l'Esthonie. Je comn- speech on the subject of Lithuania in the same spirit inmencerai par faire une constatation qui n'est pas which I desired to speak when Esthonia was under discus-precisement a lhonneur de cette Assemblee et je demande sion. I will begin by making a remark which is not exactlya celle-ci de preter toute son attention et d'eviter les to the honour of this Assembly, and I would ask the Aso the honour of this Assembly, and I would ask the As-rires an sujet dde, ces questions qui sont tr6s sdrieuses, car sembly to give me its full attention, and to avoid laughterle monde nos entend et devant la raison humaine, with regard to these questions which are very serious, fordevant le monde. devant Ia resse surtout, i n a ni listening. For human reasoning, forgrands ni petits, i nyee a que oes arguments whih are esund an

nor small, there are only arguments which are sound anddissements. arguments which are unsound. That is all. (Applause.)

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La Commission reconnait que 'Estonie, la Lituane The Fifth Committee recognises that Esthonia, Lithuania

et la Lettonie rem~plissent toutes les conditions 6etablies and Latvia fulfil all the conditions laid down by the law of

par le droit des gens et par niotre Pacte pour qu'un Etat nations and by our Covenant for the admission of a State.

soit admis dans la Societe des Nations. Par consequent, to the League of Nations. In consequence, these States

ces Etats ont droit a leur admission. have a right to be admitted.

Voici ce que dit la Commission: This is what the Committee said:

a) Regularite de la demande. - La demande (a) Regularity of her request for admission. The

emanant, en date du 7 juin, du Conseil des ministres request dated June 7th from the Council of Ministers

de la Republique esthonienne et transmise le 8 sep- of the Esthonian Republic, transmitted to the Secre-

tembre au Secr6tariat general de la Soci6t6 des Na- tariat-General of the League of Nations by the diplo-

tions par le rtepresentant dipoat dilomat e l'Esthonie matic representative of Esthonia in London, has been

a Londres, a et6 jugee reguliere. found to be in order.

b) Stabilit daGouvernenent et fontie e'Etat (b) Stability of the Government and frontiers of the

Esthonien. Le Gouvernement de l'Esthonie pre- Esthonian State.-The Esthonian Government is of a

sente un caractere de stabilit6. Ses frontieres ont 6t6 stable character. Her frontiers have been defined:determinees avec la Russie par le Traite de Tortu du With Russia, by the Treaty of Tortu, of February 2nd,

2 fevrier 19200; avec la Lettonie, par la sentence 1920; with Latvia, by an arbitral award of July 3rd,

arbitrale du 3 juillet 192.0. 1920.

c) Superficie et population. - La sutperficie de (c) Area and Population.-The Esthonian State com-

l'Etat esthionien est de 47.500 kilormetres carr6s et sa prises an area of 47,500 square kilometres, and it con-

population de 1.750.000 habitants dont, assure la de- tains 1,750,000 inhabitants, of which, according to the

lregatiron esthonlienne, 91 % sont autochtone's. Esthonian Delegation's statement, 91 per cent. are nativesof that country.

d) Gouvernement. - L'Esthonie se gouverne li- (d) Government.-Esthonia governs herself freely un-

brement sous la forme L republicaine. Le pouvoir ap- der the form of a Republic. Until the regular Parliament

partenait, jusqu'a l'61ecfion du iParlement rdgulier a was elected, the power was vested in the Constituent

'Assembe constituante et un Consei des miis- Assembly and in a Council of Ministers, the President of

tres dont le Preslident etait conslidere comnrme le chef which was looked upon as the Head of the State. The

de l'Eitat. Le cabilnlet est resiponsablle devarnt 1l'Asselem- Cabinet is responsible to the Assembly ; in future, it

blI'e ; il le sera desormais devant le Parlement qui will be responsible to the Parliament, which was elected

a ,e't6 enlu le 28 novembre 1920. on November 28th, 1920.

e) Attitude (du Gouvernement esthonien. (e) Attitude of the Esthonian Government

1. Concernant l'excu.tion de ses oblligations in- (1) With regard to the observation of her interna-

ternationales : tional obligations Les engagements internationaux de l'Esthonie ne Esthonia's international obligations do not as yet

paraissent pas etre encore tr's etendus. Cet Etat n'a appear to be very extensive. This State does not appear

eu, semble-t-il, aucune contestation avec ses voisins to have any disputes with its neighbours regarding the

concernanit l'ex,6cution des trait6s et conventions carrying out of any Treaties or Conventions it has con-aconcernant d'exie clurtion des tcralies et ;conventionsconclmus avec eux; cluded with them.

2. A il'gard des l prescriptions de la Societe des N(2) With regard to the regulations of the League of

Nations relatives aux armements: Nations on armaments

Les fotrces militaires ,de l'Esthlonlie s'.ele'ven;t a The military force of Esthonia consists of 15.000 men;

15.000 hommes; ses forces :navales a deux des- her naval forces consist of two destroyers, seven gunboats,

troyers, sept canonieres, deux patrouilleurs et two patrol boats and fifteen trawlers. The permanent

quinze chalutiers. La Coimmission permanente de la Commission of the League of Nations has declared itself

Societ6 des Nations s'est dUclaree favorable au in favour of the maintenance of these forces.

maintien de ces forces.

f) Pays qtui ont reconnu l'Esthonie : (f) Countries which have recognised Esthonia:

De jure : La Russie et la Finlande. De jure: Russia, Finland.

[ Defacto: Allemagne, la Belgique, ic Dane- De facto : Germany, Belgium, Denmark, the British

mark, I'Empire b!ritannique, la France, l'Italie, le Ja- Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Poland, the Netherlands,

pon, la Polognle, les Pays-Bas, la Suede. Sweden.

En ce qui con cerne la Lithuanie, o~n ,di t que l'All.emagne |With regard to Lithuania, it is said that Germnany has re-

l'a reconlnue de jure. cognised her de jure.

La Commission a donc estim que toutes les condi- The Committee therefore considers that all the conditions

tioLns prescrites par l'article 1er du Pacte pour l'admis- laid down by Article 1 of the Covenant for admission to the

sion dans la Societee des Nations sonut exacterment rem- League of Nations are exactly fulfilled by this country. It

plies par ce pays. II me parait d;onc difficile de rejeter thereforeseems difficult to refuse her demand.sa demande.

Lord Robert Cecil a pr6sente une prolposition que j'ai Lord Robert Cecil has brought forward a motion for which

vote,. dem;andant que oes Etats, s'i:ls sont admis, sooient I voted, asking that these States, if admitted, should respect

respectueux des minoritds. J'estime excellent que cette minorities. I consider it an excellent thing that this con-

condition soit posee et ie tiens a rappeler la redaction dition should be made, and I should like to recallthe text,

contenant une formule que je trouve trs iuste: which contains a formula which I consider a very good one:

- 628

La Commission estime que, sans ajouter tine noi- The Committee considers that, without adding a newvelle condition d'admission d celles qui sont idi- condition of admission to those desired in Article 1 ofquees dans I'article ler du Pacte de la Societ des the Covenant of the League of Nations...Nations...

II est bien' dit: < sans ajouter une noutvelile c;ondition ,. It is clearly said: "without adding a new condition "Par consequent, si la Commission juge que les Etats If, therefore, the Committee considers that the Balticbaltiques ont rempli toutes les conditions prescrites par States have fulfilled all the conditions laid down by thele Pacte et toutes conditions de droit international, c'est- Covenant, and all conditions of international law, if thesea-dire si ces Etats, ont conquis leur independance vi et States have won their independence vi et armis, and are in aarmis et sont en etat de se defendre, pourquoi mettre position to defend themselves, why impose a new conditionune nouvelle condition a leur admission? J'espere que for their admission ? I hope that if the Assembly still per-l'Assemblee, si elle persiste a refuser a ces Etats leur sists in the admission of other States, it will find better rea-admission, trouvera de meilleures raisons que celle-la sons than this one which, indeed, puts us in an undignified po-qui, d'ailleurs, nous mettra dans une posture peu 6ele- sition before the world. This procedure is adding to the Cove-gante devant le monde. De cette facon, on ajoute au nant of the League of Nations, which has hardly been inPacte de la Socidte des Nations, qui existe deipuis une existence a year, a new condition for the admission of States,annee a peine, une condition nouvelle pour l'admission namely: the circumstances.des Etats : les circonstances.

Permettez-moi de vous lire ce que contient le rapport May I read you what the Report says on this subject ?a ce sujet:

a)« < Que sa deimande a ete examninee avec faveur "That its request for admission has been examinedmais que les circonstances ne lui permettent pas with sympathy, but that the circumstances are suchencore de statuler definitivemlent sutr elle. »>> as to preclude the Assembly from arriving at a definite

decision."C'est une nouvelle condition, car le Pacte ne parle que This is a new condition, for the Covenant only speaks of

de l'intention de tenir ses engagements internationaux et the intention to fulfil its international engagements, and thede la possibilite de se gouv-erner librement. II faudra donc power of governing itself freely. In future, therefore, everyqu'a l'avenir, tout Etat delmandant son admission, rem- State asking for admission will have to fulfil this new condi-p!lisse cette condition nouveolle. C'est la me semble-t-il une tion. This seems to me to be a violation of the Covenant,violation du Pacte ou une interpretation qui sort de la or an interpretation which is not in accordance with justicejustice et de la legalite. and the principles of law.

Les circonstances inivoquees pour refuser 'admission The circumstances which are given as a reason for the refu-des Etats baltiques consistent dans la presence, a cote sal of the admission of the Baltic States consist of the pre-d'eux, du pouvoir des bolcheviks. C'est cependant le Gou- sence of the Bolshevist State beside them. But the Bol-vernement bolchevique qui le premier a reconnu ces shevist Government was the first to recognise these States!Etats ! Il a traite avec eux, il a reconnu leur indepen- It negotiated with them, it recognised their independencedance parce qu'ils avaient su la Idfenldre. On dit que because they had known how to defend it. It is said that theles bolcaheviks n'ont pas ie droit de reconnaitre ces Bolshevists have not the right to recognise these States be-Etats parce que, eux-mSmes onut bdesoin d'etre reconnus. e cause they themselves are in need of recognition. Men areOn .attend l'evolutin de c on e ce stre et on espere qu'il waiting for this monster to develop, and it is hoped that itarrivera a se constituer en gouvernement qui respecte will succeed in establishing itself as a Government which res-le's droits des autres nations. pects the right of other nations.

Je crois, au contraire, que c'est un devoir de la Soci6t6 I, on the contrary, believe that it is the duty of the Leaguedes Nations d'accourir avec larticle 10, que lhonorable M. of Nations to come to the help of all these States underViviani vient de rappeler, d'accouri;r, dis-je, au secours de Article 10 of which M. Viviani has just reminded you.tous ces Etats, car sinon, la Socit6e des Nations qul Otherwise the League of Nations, which has just been created,vient d'cetre creee, qui vient d'etablir sa banque, feralt and which has just as it were, established its bank, will gofaillite avant d'ouvrir sa grande porte. Ce serait la fail- bankrupt before opening its doors. This would mean bank-lite pour nous et pour les grandes Puissances, par peur ruptcy for us and for the Great Powers, through fear of thedes bol:heviks, car c'est le bolchevisme qui nous Bolshevists. For it is Bolshevism which is troubling us here,trouble ici et nous empeche d'approuver Ia proposition et and preventing us from approving the proposal and givingd.'apporter aceis Etats le secoulrs moral qule leur doit l'As- these States the moral assistance which the Assembly of thesemblee de la Societe. des Nations. League of Nations owes them.(Quant l'argument presente par M. Viviani et clui con- The argument brought forward by M. Viviani, whichsiste i dire qu'il revient aux Etats representes ici et consists in saying that it is the business of the States repre-non a la Soci6et des Nations d'agir ainsi, je ne le trouve sented here to assist these countries and not the business ofpas s6rieux. the League of Nations, I consider to be unsound.Quoique le pays que je represente ait une faible im- Although the State I represent is a small one, I can declareportance, je puis declarer qu'il est pret a aller i liaide de that it is ready to go to the assistance of these small countries.ces petits pays. Il ne serait d'ailleurs pas le seul puisque Indeed, it would not be the only one, since M. Schanzer, thele reprdsentant d'une grande Puissance, M. Schanzer, a representative of a Great Power, has declared that Italy willdeclar6 que l'Italie saurait faire son devoir. do her duty.D'apres l'article 11 du Pacte, il suffit ,qu'un seul mem- Under Article 11 of the Covenant, a complaint from abre de la Societe des Nations porte plainte pour que le single Member of the League of Nations is sufficient for theConseil soit saisi et doive inviter tous les gouvernements Council to take the matter up and invite all Governments

a so'utenir ,cet Etat. S'iil n'en etait pas .amilnsi, ce serait le to support that State. If this were not so, it would be thecomime-niceiment de ,la faillite d:e la Soci·et6e des Nlatilons beginning of the bankruptcy of a League of Nations whichqui craindrait de recolurir a la force contre la force. (Ap- feared to resort to force against force. (Applause).plaudissements.)

- 629

La demandae d'adnission de la Lettonie, mise li-x The request for admission of Latvia was put to the voteLa demande da' admissiOn de la Lettome, LIse u \ t.2vt to 5.

vox, est rejetee par 24 voix contre 5. and rejected by 24 votes to 5.

There voted. 29 States29 Etats ont ipris part au vote. There voted .fr ais . 29 S

~~5 Etats ont vote6~ oui. |There voted for admission . 5 ,,

24 Etats ont vote non. There voted against admission 24 ,,

13 Abstentions et absents. There abstained from voting. 13 ,,

~Ounll~~t voted ~ pol~ur · |~ .There voted for admission:

Colomtbie. Italie, Paraguay, Perse, Poirtugal. Colombia, Italy, Paraguay, Persia, Portugal.

Ont vote contre: |....There voted against admission:

Afrique du Sud, Australie, Belgique, Bresil, Empire South Africa, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, the British

britannique, Canada, Chili, Cuba, Danemark, Espagne, Empire, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Spain, France,

France, Grece, Inde, Japon, Liltbria, Norvege, Nouvelle- Greece, India, Japan, Liberia, Norway, New Zealand, Pana-

Z6elande, Panama, P!ays-Bas, lRolumanie, Serbe-Croate- ma, the Netherlands, Roumania, the Serb-Croat-Slovene

Slovene (Etat), Suede, Suisse, Tcheco-Slovaquie. State, Sweden, Switzerland, Czecho-Slovakia.

SUR LA DEM!ANDE D'ADMISSION DE LA LITIHUANIE THE REQUEST OF LITHUANIA FOR ADMISSION.

M. le PRESIDENT. - Je mets aux voix -la demande The PRESIDENT :--I now put to the vote the request ofM. le PRESIDENT. - Je mets aux voix la demande ^ ^ admission.

d'admission de la L'ithuanie. Lithuania for admission.La demirnande d'admis1sioi de? i Lithuanie, mise aux |The request for admission of Lithuania was put to the voteLa demande d'admission de la Lithuanie, mise aux a eed by 23 votes to 5,

voix est rejetee par 23 voix contre 5. and rejected by 23 votes to 5.

There voted . .... 28 States28 Etats ont pris part au vote.There voted admission . .5 Etats ont vote oui. There voted against admission. 23 ,,

23 Etats ont vot,6 non. There voted against admission. 23 1423 Etstnti ons et abents. There were absent or abstained 14 ,,14 Abstentions et absents.

Ont vote pour : There voted for admission:

Colombie, Italie, Praguay, Perse, Portugal. : Colombia, Italy, Paraguay, Persia and Portugal.Colombie, Italie, Paraguay, Perse, Portugal.

There voted against admission:

Afrique du Sud, Australie, BelgiOnque, Brts, Empire South Africa, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, the British

Britanniue, Canada, Chili , Bube Dane,mark, Espagne, Empire, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Spain, France,Britannimlue, Canada, Chili, Cuba, Danemark, Espae, Li ^ ^ ^ orway, New Zealand,France, Gre'ce, Inde, Japon, Liberia, Norvege, Nouvelle- Greece, India, Japan, Liberia, Norway, New Zealand

ZFlande, Panama, Pays-Bas, Roumanie, Serbe-Croate- Panama, the Netherlands, Roumania, the Serb-Croat-Slovene

Slovene (Etat), Suisse, Tcheco-Slovaquie. State, Switzerland, Czecho-Slovakia.

SUR LA DEMANDE D'ADMISSION DE LA GEORGIE THE REQUEST OF GEORGIA FOR ADMISSION.

5Fhe PRESIDENT:M. le P'RESIDENT. - Nolus arrivons a la demande T PRESIDENT:

d'admission de la G(6orgie. Translation'We now pass to the request of Georgia for admission.

Le Dr NANSEN (Norvig:e). Dr. NANSEN (Norway).--There should have been a Rap-

LTraduction I:ree porteur on Georgia, and I should have been the Rapporteur,but as the Sub-Committee's proposal to the Fifth Committee

On auiraiit dfi d6silglner unI rappforteur pour la demailde was not approved by the majority of those present, I cannotd'admission de la GeCorgie, et, dans ce cas, j'aurais ete report. It is not necessary to report because you have the

le rapporteur; mais la propos.tion de la Sous-Commis- document before you, and you know the recommendationsion n'ayant pas etc aipproulvee par la mnajorite d~es of the Committee. But as the majority was very small and

membres de la cincuieme Commission qui etaient pre- the minority very great, and as there were very few left

sents a la seance, je n'ai aucun rapport a presenter. owing to the lateness of the hour, I venture to take up the

D'ailleurs vous avez le documrent devant vous et vous proposition of the minority, which is in favour of admitting

connaissez la recommandation de la Commission. Toute- Georgia as a Member of the League.iois comme la decision a ete prise a une tres fai'blemajorite, que, en raison de l'heure tardive, pen de mem-bres ont pu prendre part au vote, je me permetsd'exposer ici l'opinion de la minorit6 qui etait en faveurde l'admission de la GO6orgie dans la Socit6.l

En s'opposant a la demande d'admission de la GOor- The chief objection to admitting Georgia to the League

gie, la Commission a object6 que ses frontieres n'6taient was that the Committee found it could not say that the fron-

pas definitiveement etablies. Neanmoins, il faut adrnettre tiers of Georgia were definitely settled. But it is to be consi-

clue la principale frontiere de la Georgie est parfaitement dered that the chief frontier of Georgia is very well settled

6tablie. Elle l'est d'aIbord en vertu d'un accord avec la indeed. It was settled in agreement with Russia. More-

}Rissie, ensuite par la ligne naturelle des montagnes du over the geography of that region has settled it very well

Caucase qui est une frontiere facile a defendre, car elle indeed, because Georgia has the Caucasus between it and

- 630-