Afghanistan Law Bibliography 3rd Ed

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Afghanistan Law Bibliography

Compiled by Tim Mathews

November 2011


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The Afghanistan Analyst Law Bibliography

3rd EditionNovember 2011

Compiled by: Timothy MathewsJuris Doctor, 2011

University of Maine School of [email protected]

Published by The Afghanistan [email protected]

http://afghanistan-analyst.org

Check for updated versions of this bibliography at:

http://afghanistan-analyst.org/bibliography.aspx


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Table of Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Afghan Law, In General ............................................................................................................ 2

2. Islamic Law, In General ............................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Fundamentals of Islamic Law ................................................................................................4

2.2 Islamic Legal History .............................................................................................................6

2.3 Special Topics and Specific Areas of Islamic Law ................................................................7

3. Afghan Legal History ................................................................................................................ 9

3.1 Afghan Legal History, in General ..........................................................................................9

3.2 Customary Law in Afghanistan ............................................................................................103.3 Islamic Law in Afghanistan .................................................................................................10

3.4 Afghan State Law .................................................................................................................11

4. Constitutional Law................................................................................................................... 12

5. The State Judiciary .................................................................................................................. 14

6. Informal Dispute Resolution ...................................................................................................16

7. Family Law ............................................................................................................................... 18

8. Property Law............................................................................................................................ 19

9. Criminal Law ........................................................................................................................... 21

10. Human Rights......................................................................................................................... 22


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The Afghanistan Analyst Law Bibliography Introduction

This bibliography is intended to be an up-to-date resource for legal study and research pertainingto modern Afghanistan (1747 and later).

Accessibility

Some sources are only available through legal search engines, such as Westlaw and Lexis-Nexis,or through academic databases such as JSTOR. Hyperlinks are provided to sources that are freelyavailable. For most books, hyperlinks are provided to Google Books because this often offers afree preview and multiple options to purchase the book if one cannot be obtained from a nearbylibrary. Hyperlinks to Google Books are not endorsements of any merchants listed by Google.

With all hyperlinks, care has been taken to only link to sites that are not malicious and that postmaterials that appear to be lawful and comply with copyright laws. However, websites

occasionally change owners, rename files, or are targeted by malicious hackers. Users of thisbibliography assume all risk when clicking on links to third-party sites.

Changes from the 2nd Edition

This edition includes significantly more references than the second edition. The organization hasalso been revised. Sections were added for the State Judiciary, Informal Dispute Resolution,Criminal Law, and Human Rights. The prior edition had Subnational Governance and Rule ofLaw sections. Those sections have been removed and items therein have been moved to othersections. Also, rather than attempt to sort all legislative texts and place them into the appropriatesections of this bibliography, I chose to provide a list of online collections and resources where

most legislative texts can be accessed in one location. Those resources will likely be updatedmore often than this bibliography.

Books and articles often cannot be neatly classified into one area of law, thus an item listed inthe family law section may also include discussion of property law. Efforts have been made tocategorize articles according to the area of law that they place most focus upon. Recognizing thatthis is a subjective decision and many readers will expect some articles to be in differentlocations, most sections have a few cross reference recommendations and notes to highlightlikely areas of overlap.

Other Notes

Recommendations are welcome regarding the organization and content of this bibliography, toinclude errors, omissions, and hyperlinks to articles listed herein. Send suggestions to:[email protected] [email protected] .

Timothy MathewsResearch Fellow, University of Maine School of LawPortland, Maine, USA.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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The Afghanistan Analyst Law Bibliography #1

Afghan Law, In General.

This section lists references that encompass several areas of Afghan law. Since these references

cover a broader survey of Afghan law, they necessarily go into less depth. Thus, they provide

ideal introductions to the Afghan legal system.

This section focuses upon current law. Discussions of Afghan legal history are in section 3.

Although the online directories and collections listed in this section include laws written prior to

the formation of the current Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, many of those

laws retain some authority. After the Taliban regime was overthrown in 2001, an Interim

Authority was established. Afghanistans legal framework under the Interim Authority wasestablished in part II of the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the

Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions (also known as the BonnAgreement). Part II of the agreement declared that the Constitution of 1964 would be

applicable, with some exceptions, and that

existing laws and regulations, to the extent that they are not inconsistent with[the Bonn Agreement] or with international legal obligations to which

Afghanistan is a party, or with those applicable provisions contained in the

Constitution of 1964, provided that the Interim Authority shall have the power to

repeal or amend those laws and regulations.

The Constitution of 2004 now governs the legal framework, rather than the 1964 Constitution.

But, prior laws remain in effect until they are repealed, so long as they are not inconsistent with

the Constitution of 2004 or international obligations. Books and articles listed in this section help

to explain this in greater detail and to familiarize the reader with the fundamentals of the current

Afghan legal system.

Online Directories and Collections

Afghan Legal Info. Inst.,Afghan Laws, Mar. 31, 2008,asianlii.org.

Checchi & Co. Consulting, Inc.,Afghanistan Legal Documents Exchange Center, Nov. 5, 2011,afghantranslation.checchiconsulting.com .

Lexadin, World Law Guide - Afghanistan, Jan. 1, 2011,lexadin.nl.

NYU Libraries, AFGHANISTAN DIGITAL LIBRARY,afghanistandl.nyu.edu.
http://www.asianlii.org/af/legis/laws/http://www.asianlii.org/af/legis/laws/http://www.asianlii.org/af/legis/laws/http://afghantranslation.checchiconsulting.com/http://afghantranslation.checchiconsulting.com/http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweafg.htmhttp://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweafg.htmhttp://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweafg.htmhttp://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/index.htmlhttp://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/index.htmlhttp://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/index.htmlhttp://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/index.htmlhttp://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweafg.htmhttp://afghantranslation.checchiconsulting.com/http://www.asianlii.org/af/legis/laws/


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Omar Sial & Md. Ershadul Karim,Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Legal System and Research,N.Y.U.L.,HAUSER GLOBAL L.SCH.PROG.,nyulawglobal.org.

Books

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF AFGHANISTAN (3rded., 2011), available atalep.stanford.edu.

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF AFGHANISTAN -STATUTORY SUPPLEMENT (2nd ed., 2011), available atalep.stanford.edu.

BAR HUMAN RIGHTS COMM. OF ENG. AND WALES,MANUAL ON RULE OF LAW:AFGHANISTAN(2006), available atbarhumanrights.org.uk.

MOHAMMAD HASHIM KAMALI,LAW IN AFGHANISTAN (E. J. Brill 1985), available at

books.google.com.

Articles

Hatem Elliesie,Rule of Law in Afghanistan, in UNDERSTANDING OF THE RULE OF LAW INVARIOUS LEGAL ORDERS OF THE WORLD (Koetter & Schuppert, eds., 2009), available atfu-berlin.du.

William Maley,Democratic Governance and Post-Conflict Transitions, 6 CHI.J.INT'L L. 683(2006).

Laurel Miller & Robert Perito,Establishing the Rule of Law in Afghanistan, UNITED STATESINSTITUTE OF PEACE:SPECIAL REPORT 117 (2004), available atusip.org.

Neamat Nojumi, Dyan Mazurana & Elizabeth Stites, Afghanistans Systems of Justice: Formal,Traditional, and Customary (Tufts University, Jun. 2004), available atgmu.edu.

Ali Wardak,Rule of Law in Afghanistan: An Overview, in PETERSBERG PAPERS ONAFGHANISTAN (Danspeckgruber ed., 2009), available atprinceton.edu.
http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/afghanistan1.htmhttp://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/afghanistan1.htmhttp://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/afghanistan1.htmhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Intro-Book-3d-Edition.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Intro-Book-3d-Edition.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Intro-Book-3d-Edition.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-INTRO-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-2D-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-INTRO-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-2D-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-INTRO-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-2D-EDITION.pdfhttp://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/docs/TrainingmanualAfghanistan.dochttp://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/docs/TrainingmanualAfghanistan.dochttp://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/docs/TrainingmanualAfghanistan.dochttp://books.google.com/books?id=ksC-BL2WivUC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=ksC-BL2WivUC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/23430100/Elliesie+Afghanistan.pdfhttp://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/23430100/Elliesie+Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.gmu.edu/depts/crdc/neamat1.pdfhttp://www.gmu.edu/depts/crdc/neamat1.pdfhttp://www.gmu.edu/depts/crdc/neamat1.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.gmu.edu/depts/crdc/neamat1.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/23430100/Elliesie+Afghanistan.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=ksC-BL2WivUC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/docs/TrainingmanualAfghanistan.dochttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-INTRO-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-2D-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Intro-Book-3d-Edition.pdfhttp://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/afghanistan1.htm


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Peri J. Bearman, Rudolph Peters & Frank E. Vogel, THE ISLAMIC SCHOOL OF LAW (Harvard2005), available atbooks.google.com.

WAEL B.HALLAQ,AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC LAW (Cambridge University 2009), availableatbooks.google.com.

N.HANIF,ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF CRIME AND JUSTICE (Sarup & Sons 1999), available atbooks.google.com.

AHMAD HASAN,THE DOCTRINE OF IJM IN ISLAM (3rd ed. 2009).

MOHAMMAD HASHIM KAMALI,PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE (Islamic Society Texts2003).

MAJID KHADDURI &R.K.RAMAZANI,THE ISLAMIC CONCEPTION OF JUSTICE (Johns Hopkins1984), available atbooks.google.com.

Rudolph Peters, CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN ISLAMIC LAW (Cambridge University 2005),available atbooks.google.com.

YUSUF AL-QARADAWI,THE LAWFUL AND THE PROHIBITED IN ISLAM (American Trust 1997).

Bernard G. Weiss, THE SPIRIT OF ISLAMIC LAW (University of Georgia 1998), available atbooks.google.com.

Articles

M. Cherif Bassiouni & Gamal A. Badr, The Shariah: Sources, Interpretation, and Rule-making,1 UCLAJ.ISLAMIC &NEAR E.L. 135 (2002), available atjay.law.ou.edu.

Bernard K. Freamon, Slavery, Freedom, and the Doctrine of Consensus in IslamicJurisprudence, 11 HARV.HUM.RTS.J. 1 (1998), available atssrn.com.

Nazeem MI Goolam,Ijtihad and its Significance for Islamic Legal Interpretation, 2006 MICH.ST.L.REV. 1443 (2006), available atmsulawreview.org.

Adham A. Hashish,Ijtihad Institutions: The Key to Islamic Democracy Bridging and Balancing

Political and Intellectual Islam, 9 RICH.J.GLOBAL L.&BUS. 61 (2010), available atrjglb.richmond.edu.

Saim Kayadibi,Ijtihad by Ray: The Main Source of Inspiration behind Istihsan, 24 AM.J. OFISLAMIC SOC.SCIENCES 73 (2007), available ati-espistemology.net .

Muhammad Hashim Kamali, Siyasa Shariah or the Policies of Islamic Government, 6 AM.J. OFISLAMIC SOC.SCIENCES 59 (1989), available ati-espistemology.net .
http://books.google.com/books?id=jrCPAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=jrCPAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=jrCPAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=3YvEt3PxmAcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=3YvEt3PxmAcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=3YvEt3PxmAcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=V00pH2-n-ksC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=V00pH2-n-ksC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=td3XttHLGsEC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=td3XttHLGsEC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=td3XttHLGsEC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7EAsmttzXjcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7EAsmttzXjcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7EAsmttzXjcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lMNF-jNYG7UC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lMNF-jNYG7UC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://jay.law.ou.edu/faculty/PKrug/Comparative%20Law/Item23BassiouniBadrShari%27ah.pdfhttp://jay.law.ou.edu/faculty/PKrug/Comparative%20Law/Item23BassiouniBadrShari%27ah.pdfhttp://jay.law.ou.edu/faculty/PKrug/Comparative%20Law/Item23BassiouniBadrShari%27ah.pdfhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564321http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564321http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564321http://www.msulawreview.org/PDFS/2006/6/Goolam.pdfhttp://www.msulawreview.org/PDFS/2006/6/Goolam.pdfhttp://www.msulawreview.org/PDFS/2006/6/Goolam.pdfhttp://rjglb.richmond.edu/archives/9.1/RGL103.pdfhttp://rjglb.richmond.edu/archives/9.1/RGL103.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/916_ajiss24-1-stripped%20-%20Kayadibi%20-%20Ijtihad%20by%20Ray.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/916_ajiss24-1-stripped%20-%20Kayadibi%20-%20Ijtihad%20by%20Ray.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/916_ajiss24-1-stripped%20-%20Kayadibi%20-%20Ijtihad%20by%20Ray.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/323_V6N1%20September%2089%20-%20MH%20Kamali%20-%20Siyasah%20Shariyah.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/323_V6N1%20September%2089%20-%20MH%20Kamali%20-%20Siyasah%20Shariyah.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/323_V6N1%20September%2089%20-%20MH%20Kamali%20-%20Siyasah%20Shariyah.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/323_V6N1%20September%2089%20-%20MH%20Kamali%20-%20Siyasah%20Shariyah.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/916_ajiss24-1-stripped%20-%20Kayadibi%20-%20Ijtihad%20by%20Ray.pdfhttp://rjglb.richmond.edu/archives/9.1/RGL103.pdfhttp://www.msulawreview.org/PDFS/2006/6/Goolam.pdfhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564321http://jay.law.ou.edu/faculty/PKrug/Comparative%20Law/Item23BassiouniBadrShari%27ah.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lMNF-jNYG7UC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7EAsmttzXjcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=td3XttHLGsEC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=V00pH2-n-ksC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=3YvEt3PxmAcC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=jrCPAAAAMAAJ&lr=


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Ali Khan, The Reopening of the Islamic Code, 1 U. OF ST.THOMAS L.J. 341 (2003), available atwashburnlaw.edu.

Clark B. Lombardi & Nathan J. Brown,Do Constitutions Requiring Adherence to ShariaThreaten Human Rights? How Egypts Constitutional Court Reconciles Islamic Law with

the Liberal Rule of Law, 21 AM.U.INT'L L.REV. 379 (2006), available atauilr.org.

Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad, The Notions of Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam in IslamicJurisprudence with Special Reference to the Hanafi School, 47 ISLAMIC STUD. 5 (2008).

Asifa Quraishi,Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution, 28 CARDOZO L.REV. 163 (2006),available atcardozo.yu.edu.

Asifa Quraishi, On Fallibility and Finality: Why Thinking Like a Qadi Helps Me UnderstandAmerican Constitutional Law, MICH.ST.L.REV. (2009), available atlaw.wisc.edu.

Frank Vogel,An Introduction to the Law of the Islamic World, 31 INT'L J.LEGAL INFO. 353(2003).

Frank Vogel, The Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law , 10 396 (1993),available ati-espistemology.net

Diana Zacharias, Fundamentals of the Sunni Schools of Law, 66 HEIDELBERG J.INT'L L. 491(2006), available atzaoerv.de

2.2 Islamic Legal History

NOAH FELDMAN,THE FALL AND RISE OF THE ISLAMIC STATE (Princeton University Press 2008),available atbooks.google.com.

BABER JOHANSEN,CONTINGENCY IN A SACRED LAW:LEGAL AND ETHICAL NORMS IN THEMUSLIM FIQH (Brill 1998) (1999), available atbooks.google.com.

Christopher Melchert, THE FORMATION OF THE SUNNI SCHOOLS OF LAW:9TH-10TH CENTURIESC.E. (Brill 1997), available atbooks.google.com.

HARALD MOTZKI,THE ORIGINS OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE (Brill 2002), available at

books.google.com.

Nurit Tsafrir, THE HISTORY OF AN ISLAMIC SCHOOL OF LAW (Harvard 2004), available atbooks.google.com.

KNUT S.VIKR,BETWEEN GOD AND THE SULTAN (Oxford 2005), available atbooks.google.com.
http://www.washburnlaw.edu/faculty/khan-a-fulltext/2003-1univstthomlj341.pdfhttp://www.washburnlaw.edu/faculty/khan-a-fulltext/2003-1univstthomlj341.pdfhttp://www.auilr.org/pdf/21/21-3-3.pdfhttp://www.auilr.org/pdf/21/21-3-3.pdfhttp://www.auilr.org/pdf/21/21-3-3.pdfhttp://www.cardozo.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/CJL/Documents/Interpretating%20the%20Quran_QURAISHI.pdfhttp://www.cardozo.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/CJL/Documents/Interpretating%20the%20Quran_QURAISHI.pdfhttp://www.cardozo.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/CJL/Documents/Interpretating%20the%20Quran_QURAISHI.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/2zdkw/onfallibility_finality.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/2zdkw/onfallibility_finality.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/2zdkw/onfallibility_finality.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/402_V10N3%20FALL%2093%20-%20Vogel%20-%20The%20Closing%20Door%20of%20Ijtihad.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/402_V10N3%20FALL%2093%20-%20Vogel%20-%20The%20Closing%20Door%20of%20Ijtihad.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/402_V10N3%20FALL%2093%20-%20Vogel%20-%20The%20Closing%20Door%20of%20Ijtihad.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_b_491_508.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_b_491_508.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_b_491_508.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bA0X5SHcB_wC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bA0X5SHcB_wC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bA0X5SHcB_wC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lzHuay2ZgFYC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lzHuay2ZgFYC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lzHuay2ZgFYC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=jLFHch63Zq8C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=jLFHch63Zq8C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=jLFHch63Zq8C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=aNDSwh9ftREC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=aNDSwh9ftREC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=YnKRAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=YnKRAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=I9d7Jw8c5v4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=I9d7Jw8c5v4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=I9d7Jw8c5v4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=I9d7Jw8c5v4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=YnKRAAAAMAAJ&lr=http://books.google.com/books?id=aNDSwh9ftREC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=jLFHch63Zq8C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=lzHuay2ZgFYC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bA0X5SHcB_wC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.zaoerv.de/66_2006/66_2006_2_b_491_508.pdfhttp://i-epistemology.net/attachments/402_V10N3%20FALL%2093%20-%20Vogel%20-%20The%20Closing%20Door%20of%20Ijtihad.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/2zdkw/onfallibility_finality.pdfhttp://www.cardozo.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/CJL/Documents/Interpretating%20the%20Quran_QURAISHI.pdfhttp://www.auilr.org/pdf/21/21-3-3.pdfhttp://www.washburnlaw.edu/faculty/khan-a-fulltext/2003-1univstthomlj341.pdf


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2.3 Special Topics and Specific Areas of Islamic Law

Shaheen Sardar Ali,Resurrecting Siyar Through Fatwas? (Re) Constructing IslamicInternational Law in a Post-(Iraq) Invasion World, 14 J.CONFLICT &SECURITY L. 115(2009).

J. N. D. Anderson,Invalid and Void Marriages in Hanafi Law, 13 BULLETIN OF THE SCH. OFORIENTAL &AFRICAN STUD. 357 (1950).

M. Cherif Bassiouni,Evolving Approaches to Jihad, 8 CHI.J.INT'L.L. 119 (2007), available atinsct.syr.edu.

M. Cherif Bassiouni, Gamal M. Badr, Saad El-Fishawy, Farooq A. Hassan & Erik Peterson,Contracts and Litigation in Islamic Law, 76 AM.SOC'Y INT'L L.PROC. 55 (1982).

Lucy Carroll, The Hanafi Law of Intestate Succession: A Simplified Approach, 17 MODERN

ASIAN STUD. 629 (1983).

Mohamed Abdel Dayem & Fatima Ayub,In the Path of Allah: Evolving Interpretations of Jihadand Its Modern Challenges, 7 UCLAJ.ISLAMIC &NEAR E.L. 67 (2009).

Nicholas Garces,Islam, Till Death Do You Part? Rethinking Apostasy Laws Under Islamic Lawand International Legal Obligations, 16 SW. J. Int'l L. 229 (2010).

Walid Iqbal, Courts, Lawyering, and ADR: Glimpses into the Islamic Tradition , 28 FORDHAMURB.L.J. 1035 (2001).

Almas Khan, The Interaction Between Shariah and International Law in Arbitration, 6 CHI.J.INT'L L. 791 (2006).

Liaquat Ali Khan,Jurodynamics of Islamic Law, 61 RUTGERS L.REV. 231 (2009), available atrutgers.edu.

Faisal Kutty, The Shari'a Factor in International Commercial Arbitration, 28 LOY.L.A.INT'L &COMP.L.REV. 565 (2006), available atilr.lls.edu.

Herbert J. Liebesny,Judicial Systems in the Near and Middle East: Evolutionary Developmentand Islamic Revival, 37 MIDDLE E.J. 202 (1983).

Jacqueline McCormack, Commercial Contracts in Muslim Countries of the Middle East, 37 INT'LJ.LEGAL INFO. 1 (2009).

Kathleen A. Portuan Miller, Who Says Muslim Women Dont Have the Right to Divorce?, 22N.Y.INT'L L.REV. 201 (2009).
http://insct.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/insct/uploadedfiles/PDFs/Bassiouni.Evolving%20Approaches%20to%20Jihad.pdfhttp://insct.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/insct/uploadedfiles/PDFs/Bassiouni.Evolving%20Approaches%20to%20Jihad.pdfhttp://pegasus.rutgers.edu/~review/vol61n2/Khan_v61n2.pdfhttp://pegasus.rutgers.edu/~review/vol61n2/Khan_v61n2.pdfhttp://ilr.lls.edu/issues/28/documents/Kutty.pdfhttp://ilr.lls.edu/issues/28/documents/Kutty.pdfhttp://ilr.lls.edu/issues/28/documents/Kutty.pdfhttp://ilr.lls.edu/issues/28/documents/Kutty.pdfhttp://pegasus.rutgers.edu/~review/vol61n2/Khan_v61n2.pdfhttp://insct.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/insct/uploadedfiles/PDFs/Bassiouni.Evolving%20Approaches%20to%20Jihad.pdf


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Muhammad Munir, The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for theTaliban fighters under Islamic law, 93 INT'L REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 81 (2011),available aticrc.org.

Asifa Quraishi, Who Says Sharia Demands the Stoning of Women? A Description of Islamic

Law and Constitutionalism, 1 BERK.J.MIDDLE E.&ISLAMIC L. 163 (2008), available atlaw.wisc.edu.

Mary F. Radford, The Inheritance Rights of Women Under Jewish and Islamic Law, 23 B.C.INT'L &COMP.L.REV. 135 (2000), available atlawdigitalcommons.bc.edu .

Javaid Rehman, The Sharia, Islamic Family Laws and International Human Rights Law, 21 INT'LJ.L.,POL'Y & THE FAMILY 108 (2007), available atciteseerx.ist.psu.edu.

Sadiq Reza,Islams Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure in Islamic Doctrine and MuslimPractice, 40 GEO.J.INT'L L. 703 (2009).

Sadiq Reza, Torture and Islamic Law, 8 CHI.J.INT'L L. 21 (2007).

Tad Stahnke & Robert C. Blitt, The Religion-State Relationship and the Right to Freedom ofReligion or Belief: A Comparative Textual Analysis of the Constitutions of Predominantly

Muslim Countries, 36 GEO.J.INT'L.L. 947 (2005), available atssrn.com.

Frank E. Vogel, The Trial of Terrorists Under Classical Islamic Law, 43 HARV.INT'L L.J. 53(2002).

David A. Westbrook,Islamic International Law and Public International Law: Separate

Expressions of World Order, 33 VA.J.INT'L L. 819 (1993).

Anowar Zahid & Rohimi Shapiee, Customs as a Source of Siyar and International Law , 8 INT'LJ.CIVIL SOC.&L. 36 (2010), available atlawlib.wlu.edu.
http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/review/2011/irrc-881-munir.pdfhttp://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/review/2011/irrc-881-munir.pdfhttp://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/review/2011/irrc-881-munir.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/hmtbx/quraishi_jmeil_final.pdfhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/hmtbx/quraishi_jmeil_final.pdfhttp://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=iclrhttp://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=iclrhttp://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=iclrhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.5930&rep=rep1&type=pdf&rct=jhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.5930&rep=rep1&type=pdf&rct=jhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.5930&rep=rep1&type=pdf&rct=jhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=761746http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=761746http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=761746http://lawlib.wlu.edu/lexopus/works/265-1.pdfhttp://lawlib.wlu.edu/lexopus/works/265-1.pdfhttp://lawlib.wlu.edu/lexopus/works/265-1.pdfhttp://lawlib.wlu.edu/lexopus/works/265-1.pdfhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=761746http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.5930&rep=rep1&type=pdf&rct=jhttp://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=iclrhttp://www.law.wisc.edu/m/hmtbx/quraishi_jmeil_final.pdfhttp://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/review/2011/irrc-881-munir.pdf


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Afghan Legal History.

Familiarity with Afghanistans legal history helps to identify similarities and parallels between

current systems and institutions, and those of the past. More in-depth study helps to understand

what practices worked well in the past, which institutions were functional, and why. This

provides a starting point of inquiry to explore what lessons can be applied to current reforms.

The references listed below are divided according to their focus upon the history of

Afghanistans legal traditions: customary law, Islamic law, and state law. The first subsectionlists articles that discuss one or more of these traditions. Each subsection thereafter focuses upon

one tradition.

Many articles do not fit neatly into categories of history versus contemporary issues. Many

articles that discuss current reforms also include discussions of Afghanistans legal history.Articles in this section put more focus upon history. Articles focusing more upon current reforms

are listed in sections 4, 5, and 6 (constitutional law, state judiciary, informal dispute resolution).

3.1 Afghan Legal History, in General.

Faiz Ahmed, Sharia, Custom, and Statutory Law: Comparing State Approaches to IslamicJurisprudence, Tribal Autonomy, and Legal Development in Afghanistan and Pakistan,GLOBAL JURIST (2007), available atmahkamahkonstitusi.go.id .

Thomas Barfield,Afghan Customary Law and Its Relationship to Formal Justice Institutions,usip.org.

Nafay Choudhury,Reconceptualizing Legal Pluralism in Afghanistan, 2010 WINDSOR REV.LEGAL &SOC.ISSUES 21 (2010).

Bruce Etling,Legal Authorities in the Afghan Legal System (19641979), (Harv. L. Sch. 2003),available atlaw.harvard.edu.

Esther Meininghaus,Legal Pluralism in Afghanistan, Amu Darya Series Paper No. 8 (U. Bonn2007), available atzef.de.

Senzil Nawid, The State, the Clergy, and British Imperial Policy in Afghanistan during the 19thand Early 20th Centuries, 29 INT.J.MIDDLE E.STUD. 581 (1997).

Amin Tarzi,Historical Relationship between State and Non-State Judicial Sectors inAfghanistan, (United States Institute of Peace 2006), available atusip.org.

M. G. Weinbaum,Legal Elites in Afghan Society, 12 INT.J.MIDDLE EAST STUD. 39 (1980).
http://portal.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/eLaw/mg58ufsc89hrsg/sharia_custom_and_statutory_law.pdfhttp://portal.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/eLaw/mg58ufsc89hrsg/sharia_custom_and_statutory_law.pdfhttp://portal.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/eLaw/mg58ufsc89hrsg/sharia_custom_and_statutory_law.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield2.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield2.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/etling.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/etling.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/etling.pdfhttp://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_wp/wp72.pdfhttp://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_wp/wp72.pdfhttp://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_wp/wp72.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/tarzi_paper.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/tarzi_paper.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/tarzi_paper.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/tarzi_paper.pdfhttp://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_wp/wp72.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/etling.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield2.pdfhttp://portal.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/eLaw/mg58ufsc89hrsg/sharia_custom_and_statutory_law.pdf


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3.2 Customary Law in Afghanistan.

Thomas J. Barfield, Culture and Custom in Nation-Building: Law in Afghanistan, 60 ME.L.REV. 347 (2008).

Thomas J. Barfield, On Local Justice and Culture in Post-Taliban Afghanistan, 17 CONN.J.INT'L L. 439 (2002).

Benjamin Buchholz, Thoughts on Afghanistans Loya Jirga: A Myth?, 104 ASIENKUNDE 23(2007), available atasienkunde.de.

CHECCHI AND CO.CONSULTING,INC.,FIELD STUDY OF INFORMAL AND CUSTOMARY JUSTICE INAFGHANISTAN (2005), available atusip.org.

M. Jamil Hanifi,Editing the Past: Colonial Production of Hegemony Through the 'Loya Jerga'in Afghanistan, 37 IRANIAN STUD. 295 (2004), available atfarda.org.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FOUNDATION,THE CUSTOMARY LAWS OF AFGHANISTAN (2004),available atusip.org.

Palwasha Kakar, Tribal Law of Pashtunwali and Womens Legislative Authority, (Harv. L. Sch.,2003), available atlaw.harvard.edu.

Lutz Rzehak,Doing Pashto: Pashtunwali as the ideal of honourable behavior and tribal lifeamong the Pashtuns (Afghanistan Analysts Network 2011), available ataan-afghanistan.org.

Susanne Schmeidl and Masood Karokhail, The Role of Non-State Actors in Community-BasedPolicing- An Exploration of the Arbakai (Tribal Police) in South-Eastern Afghanistan,30 CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POL'Y 318 (2009), available attlo-afghanistan.org.

Mohammed Osman Tariq, Tribal Security System (Arbakai) in Southeast Afghanistan, CrisisStates Research Centre Occasional Paper no. 7 (2008), available atlse.ac.uk.

Ali Wardak,Jirga: Power and Traditional Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan, in LAW AFTERGROUND ZERO (John Strawson, ed., Cavendish 2002) (2004), available atbooks.google.com.

3.3 Islamic Law in Afghanistan.

Hafizullah Emadi, The End of Taqiyya: Reaffirming the Religious Identity of Ismailis inShughnan, BadakhshanPolitical Implications for Afghanistan, 34 MIDDLE EASTERNSTUD. 103 (1998), available atismaili.net.
http://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_022_033.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_022_033.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_022_033.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/usaid_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/usaid_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/usaid_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.farda.org/english/articles/j_hanifi/loya%20jerga.pdfhttp://www.farda.org/english/articles/j_hanifi/loya%20jerga.pdfhttp://www.farda.org/english/articles/j_hanifi/loya%20jerga.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/ilf_customary_law_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/ilf_customary_law_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/ilf_customary_law_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Research-And-Analysis/Role-of-Non-State-Actors-in-Community-Based-Policing-Arbakai-South-Eastern-Afghanistan-SCHMEIDL-KAROKHAIL.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Research-And-Analysis/Role-of-Non-State-Actors-in-Community-Based-Policing-Arbakai-South-Eastern-Afghanistan-SCHMEIDL-KAROKHAIL.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Research-And-Analysis/Role-of-Non-State-Actors-in-Community-Based-Policing-Arbakai-South-Eastern-Afghanistan-SCHMEIDL-KAROKHAIL.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/op/OP7Tariq.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/op/OP7Tariq.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/op/OP7Tariq.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=dwPQ9EABcsIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=dwPQ9EABcsIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://ismaili.net/Source/0546b.htmlhttp://ismaili.net/Source/0546b.htmlhttp://ismaili.net/Source/0546b.htmlhttp://ismaili.net/Source/0546b.htmlhttp://books.google.com/books?id=dwPQ9EABcsIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/op/OP7Tariq.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Research-And-Analysis/Role-of-Non-State-Actors-in-Community-Based-Policing-Arbakai-South-Eastern-Afghanistan-SCHMEIDL-KAROKHAIL.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.aan-afghanistan.org/uploads/20110321LR-Pashtunwali-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/ilf_customary_law_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.farda.org/english/articles/j_hanifi/loya%20jerga.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/usaid_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_022_033.pdf


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Ashraf Ghani,Disputes in a Court of Sharia, Kunar Valley, Afghanistan, 1885-1890, 15 INT'L.J.MIDDLE EAST STUD. 353 (1983).

Martin Lau,Islamic law and the Afghan legal system, in STATE RECONSTRUCTION ANDINTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN (2003), available atlse.ac.uk.

KRISTIN MENDOZA,ISLAM AND ISLAMISM IN AFGHANISTAN (2003), available atlaw.harvard.edu.

Ahmad Indrees Rahmani, The Role of Religious Institutions in Community Governance Affairs:How are Communities Governed Beyond the District Level? (Central EuropeanUniversity 2006), available atpolicy.hu.

Nadjma Yassari and Mohammad Hamid Saboory, Sharia and National Law in Afghanistan, inSHARIA INCORPORATED:ACOMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF TWELVEMUSLIM COUNTRIES IN PAST AND PRESENT (Jan Michiel Otto ed., 2010), available atbooks.google.com.

3.4 Afghan State Law.

Livingston Armytage,Rebuilding Judicial Competence After the Generation of War, 67HEIDELBERG J. OF INT'L L. 185 (2007), available atzaoerv.de.

SULN MUAMMAD KHN,THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF AFGHANISTAN (Murray 1900),available atbooks.google.com.

Katherine McCullough, Out With the Old and In With the New: The Long Struggle for Judicial

Reform in Afghanistan, 19 GEO.J.LEGAL ETHICS 821 (2006).

Barnett R. Rubin,Lineages of the State of Afghanistan, 28 ASIAN SURVEY 1188 (1988).

Zoe Bernadette Sherman,Afghanistan's Constitutions - A Comparative Study and TheirImplications for Afghan Democratic Development(2006), available atnps.edu.

Amin Tarzi,Historical Lessons on Rebuilding Afghanistans Judicial System, in PETERSBERGPAPERS ON AFGHANISTAN (Danspeckgruber ed., 2009), available atprinceton.edu.

J.ALEXANDER THIER,REESTABLISHING THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN AFGHANISTAN (2004), available

atstanford.edu.

Robert F. Williams,Legal Education in Afghanistan Prior to the Soviet Occupation, 6 SUFFOLKTRANSNAT'L L.J. 247 (1981-1982).
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28366/1/Lau_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28366/1/Lau_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28366/1/Lau_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/mendoza.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/mendoza.pdfhttp://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/mendoza.pdfhttp://www.policy.hu/document/200808/rahmani.pdf&letoltes=1http://www.policy.hu/document/200808/rahmani.pdf&letoltes=1http://www.policy.hu/document/200808/rahmani.pdf&letoltes=1http://books.google.com/books?id=8ep7cX3ma0sC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=8ep7cX3ma0sC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://www.zaoerv.de/67_2007/67_2007_1_b_185_210.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/67_2007/67_2007_1_b_185_210.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/67_2007/67_2007_1_b_185_210.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=G4SqV3iDmeQC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=G4SqV3iDmeQC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=G4SqV3iDmeQC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Pubs/Sherman_thesis.pdfhttp://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Pubs/Sherman_thesis.pdfhttp://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Pubs/Sherman_thesis.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20714/Reestablishing_the_Judiciary_in_Afghanistan.pdfhttp://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20714/Reestablishing_the_Judiciary_in_Afghanistan.pdfhttp://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20714/Reestablishing_the_Judiciary_in_Afghanistan.pdfhttp://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20714/Reestablishing_the_Judiciary_in_Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/afgh2009_lcm4.pdfhttp://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Pubs/Sherman_thesis.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=G4SqV3iDmeQC&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.zaoerv.de/67_2007/67_2007_1_b_185_210.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=8ep7cX3ma0sC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://www.policy.hu/document/200808/rahmani.pdf&letoltes=1http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/mendoza.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28366/1/Lau_LSERO_version.pdf


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Constitutional Law.

These articles discuss constitutional law in Afghanistan, as well as the drafting and ratification

processes. Any international law articles are also placed here because of possible constitutionalconflicts with, or obligations arising from, international law. A translated copy of theConstitution of Afghanistan is available atiec.org.af.

Katharine Adeney, Constitutional Design and the Political Salience of Community Identity inAfghanistan, 48 ASIAN SURVEY 535 (2008).

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OFAFGHANISTAN (2011) (Forthcoming), available atalep.stanford.edu.

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW FORAFGHANISTAN (2011), available atalep.stanford.edu.

Said Amir Arjomand, Constitutional Developments in Afghanistan: A Comparative andHistorical Perspective, 53 DRAKE L.REV. 943 (2005).

Nusrat Choudhury, Constrained Spaces for Islamic Feminism: Womens rights and the 2004Constitution of Afghanistan, 19 YALE J.L.&FEMINISM 155 (2007).

John Dempsey & J. Alexander Their,Resolving the Crisis over Constitutional Interpretation inAfghanistan, UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE PEACE BRIEF (2009), available at

usip.org.

Justin Desautels-Stein,Rites and Rights in Afghanistan: The Hazara and the 2004 Constitution,29 FLETCHER F.WORLD AFF. 157 (2005).

KHALED M.ABOU EL FADL,SAID ARJOMAND,NATHAN BROWN,JERROLD GREEN,DONALDHOROWITZ,MICHAEL RICH,BARNETT RUBIN &BIROL YESILADA,DEMOCRACY ANDISLAM IN THE NEW CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN (2003), available atrand.org.

Andrew Finkelman, The Constitution and Its Interpretation: An Islamic Perspective onAfghanistans Constitutional Development Process, 2002-2004, AL NAKHLAH (2005),

available atisn.ch.

Rainer Grote, Separation of Powers in the New Afghan Constitution, 64 HEIDELBERG J. OF INT'LL. 897 (2004), available atzaoerv.de.

INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP,AFGHANISTAN'S FLAWED CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS (2003),available atmerln.ndu.edu.
http://iec.org.af/pdf/legalframework/law/afghanistan_constitution.pdfhttp://iec.org.af/pdf/legalframework/law/afghanistan_constitution.pdfhttp://iec.org.af/pdf/legalframework/law/afghanistan_constitution.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/?page_id=813http://alep.stanford.edu/?page_id=813http://alep.stanford.edu/?page_id=813http://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP_An-Introduction-to-International-Law-for-Afghanistan1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP_An-Introduction-to-International-Law-for-Afghanistan1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP_An-Introduction-to-International-Law-for-Afghanistan1.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/USIP_0309_2.PDFhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/USIP_0309_2.PDFhttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/CF186.pdfhttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/CF186.pdfhttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/CF186.pdfhttp://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/25966/ichaptersection_singledocument/1ED3FF92-EF00-46E2-9582-80215008A81A/en/finkelman_constitution+and+interpretation.pdfhttp://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/25966/ichaptersection_singledocument/1ED3FF92-EF00-46E2-9582-80215008A81A/en/finkelman_constitution+and+interpretation.pdfhttp://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/25966/ichaptersection_singledocument/1ED3FF92-EF00-46E2-9582-80215008A81A/en/finkelman_constitution+and+interpretation.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_897_916.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_897_916.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_897_916.pdfhttp://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/afghanistanflawedconstitutionalprocess.pdfhttp://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/afghanistanflawedconstitutionalprocess.pdfhttp://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/afghanistanflawedconstitutionalprocess.pdfhttp://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/afghanistanflawedconstitutionalprocess.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_897_916.pdfhttp://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/25966/ichaptersection_singledocument/1ED3FF92-EF00-46E2-9582-80215008A81A/en/finkelman_constitution+and+interpretation.pdfhttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/CF186.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/USIP_0309_2.PDFhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP_An-Introduction-to-International-Law-for-Afghanistan1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/?page_id=813http://iec.org.af/pdf/legalframework/law/afghanistan_constitution.pdf


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CHRIS JOHNSON,WILLIAM MALEY,ALEXANDER THIER &ALI WARDAK,AFGHANISTANSPOLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT (2003), available atodi.org.uk.

Muhammad Hashim Kamali,Islam and its Sharia in the Afghan Constitution 2004, in THESHARIA IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF AFGHANISTAN,IRAN AND EGYPT -IMPLICATIONS FOR

PRIVATE LAW (Yassari ed., 2005), available atbooks.google.com.

Muhammad Hashem Kamali,References to Islam and Women in the Afghan Constitution, 22ARAB L.Q. 270 (2008).

Mandana Knust and Rassekh Afshar, The Case of an Afghan Apostate, 10 MAX PLANCKYEARBOOK OF UNITED NATIONS LAW (2006), available atmpil.de.

MANDANA KNUST AND RASSEKH AFSHAR,MAX PLANCK MANUAL ON AFGHAN CONSTITUTIONALLAW VOL.TWO:CONSTITUTIONAL PRACTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS (2009), available atmpil.de.

Martin Lau, The Independence of Judges Under Islamic Law, International Law and the NewAfghan Constitution, 64 HEIDELBERG J. OF INT'L L. 917 (2004), available atzaoerv.de.

Said Mahmoudi, The Shara in the New Afghan Constitution: Contradiction or Compliment?, 64HEIDELBERG J. OF INT'L L. 867 (2004), available atzaoerv.de.

RAMIN MOSCHTAGHI,MAX PLANCK MANUAL ON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN AFGHANISTAN VOL.1:STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLES OF THE STATE (3rd ed., 2009), available atmpil.de.

Charles Norchi, Toward the Rule of Law in Afghanistan, in BEYOND RECONSTRUCTION INAFGHANISTAN (Montgomery & Rondinelli eds., 2004), available atbooks.google.com.

Barnett R. Rubin, Crafting a Constitution of Afghanistan, 15 J. OF DEMOCRACY 5 (2004).

Muhammad Hamid Saboory, The Progress of Constitutionalism in Afghanistan, in THE SHARIAIN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF AFGHANISTAN,IRAN AND EGYPT -IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATELAW (Yassari ed., 2005), available atbooks.google.com.

Michael Schoiswohl,Linking the International Legal Framework to Building the FormalFoundations of a State at Risk: Constitution-Making and International Law in Post-

Conflict Afghanistan, 39 VAND.J.TRANSNAT'L L. 819 (2006).

Michael Schoiswohl, The New Afghanistan Constitution and International Law: A Love-HateAffair, 4 INT'L J.CONST.L. 664 (2006).

J. Alexander Thier, The Making of a Constitution in Afghanistan, 51 N.Y.L.SCH.L.REV. 557(2007), available atnyls.edu.
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4810.pdfhttp://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4810.pdfhttp://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4810.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/knust,_case_of_an_afghan_apostate.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/knust,_case_of_an_afghan_apostate.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/knust,_case_of_an_afghan_apostate.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_hr_engl_1st.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_hr_engl_1st.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_917_928.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_917_928.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_917_928.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_867_880.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_867_880.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_867_880.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_constlaw_manual_3rd_ed._2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_constlaw_manual_3rd_ed._2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_constlaw_manual_3rd_ed._2009_engl.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=sUtYm-emcM4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=sUtYm-emcM4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=sUtYm-emcM4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdfhttp://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdfhttp://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdfhttp://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=sUtYm-emcM4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_constlaw_manual_3rd_ed._2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_867_880.pdfhttp://www.zaoerv.de/64_2004/64_2004_4_a_917_928.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_hr_engl_1st.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/knust,_case_of_an_afghan_apostate.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4810.pdf


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The State Judiciary.

Article 159 of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan states that a decree is to be passed

regarding the structure and authorities of the courts and basic administration structures. Tofulfill this mandate, the Law on Organization and Jurisdiction of the Courts of the IslamicRepublic of Afghanistan was passed on May 21, 2005 (translation available atsupremecourt.gov.af). Articles listed below discuss the court system mandated by theConstitution and LOJC. Articles that discuss both the state court system and the informal justicesystem are listed in section 6.

This section also includes articles relating to transitional justice, rule of law efforts, andcommercial law. Most writing about the former two issues is part of discussions related tojudicial reform. For the latter, commercial law, there is not enough material listed to justify a fullsection of the bibliography. Furthermore, commercial law seems to be viewed more widely as

the domain of the state court, rather than the village council.

See cross reference notes at the end of this section.

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMERCIAL LAW OFAFGHANISTAN (2011), available atalep.stanford.edu.

AFG.LEGAL EDUC.PROG,STAN.L.SCH.,AN INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMERCIAL LAW OFAFGHANISTAN -STATUTORY SUPPLEMENT (2011), available atalep.stanford.edu.

Faiz Ahmed,Afghanistans Reconstruction, Five Years Later: Narratives of Progress,Marginalized Realities, and the Politics of Law in a Transitional Islamic Republic, 10Gonz. J. Int'l L. 269 (2007), available atgonzagajil.org.

M. Cherif Bassiouni & Daniel Rothenberg, An Assessment of Justice Sector and Rule of LawReform in Afghanistan and the Need for a Comprehensive Plan (2007) (unpublishedmanuscript available atlaw.depaul.edu).

PETTER BAUCK,TORUNN WIMPELMANN CHAUDHARY,ORZALA ASHRAF NEMAT &ARNE STRAND,APPRAISAL OF EXTENDED RULE OF LAW PROJECT IN FARYAB,AFGHANISTAN (2010),available atnorad.no.

MAREN CHRISTENSEN,JUDICIAL REFORM IN AFGHANISTAN (Tufts 2010), available attufts.edu.

Patricia Grossman, The Past as Present: War Crimes, Impunity and the Rule of Law , in, STATERECONSTRUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN (2003), availableatlse.ac.uk.
http://supremecourt.gov.af/Content/Media/Documents/OG_0851_org_juris_english572011105435388553325325.pdfhttp://supremecourt.gov.af/Content/Media/Documents/OG_0851_org_juris_english572011105435388553325325.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-Commercial-Law_Second-Edition_Final1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-Commercial-Law_Second-Edition_Final1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-Commercial-Law_Second-Edition_Final1.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-COMMERCIAL-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-1ST-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-COMMERCIAL-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-1ST-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-COMMERCIAL-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-1ST-EDITION.pdfhttp://www.gonzagajil.org/pdf/volume10/Ahmed/Ahmed.pdfhttp://www.gonzagajil.org/pdf/volume10/Ahmed/Ahmed.pdfhttp://www.gonzagajil.org/pdf/volume10/Ahmed/Ahmed.pdfhttp://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/ihrli/pdf/rome_conference.pdfhttp://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/ihrli/pdf/rome_conference.pdfhttp://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/ihrli/pdf/rome_conference.pdfhttp://www.norad.no/en/_attachment/206425/binary/142908?download=true&rct=jhttp://www.norad.no/en/_attachment/206425/binary/142908?download=true&rct=jhttp://www.norad.no/en/_attachment/206425/binary/142908?download=true&rct=jhttp://repository01.lib.tufts.edu:8080/fedora/get/tufts:UA015.012.077.00005/bdef:TuftsPDF/getPDFhttp://repository01.lib.tufts.edu:8080/fedora/get/tufts:UA015.012.077.00005/bdef:TuftsPDF/getPDFhttp://repository01.lib.tufts.edu:8080/fedora/get/tufts:UA015.012.077.00005/bdef:TuftsPDF/getPDFhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28365/1/Gossman_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28365/1/Gossman_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28365/1/Gossman_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28365/1/Gossman_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://repository01.lib.tufts.edu:8080/fedora/get/tufts:UA015.012.077.00005/bdef:TuftsPDF/getPDFhttp://www.norad.no/en/_attachment/206425/binary/142908?download=true&rct=jhttp://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/ihrli/pdf/rome_conference.pdfhttp://www.gonzagajil.org/pdf/volume10/Ahmed/Ahmed.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-COMMERCIAL-STATUTORY-SUPPLEMENT-1ST-EDITION.pdfhttp://alep.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ALEP-Commercial-Law_Second-Edition_Final1.pdfhttp://supremecourt.gov.af/Content/Media/Documents/OG_0851_org_juris_english572011105435388553325325.pdf


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Frank Ledwidge,Justice and Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan, 154 RUSIJ. 6 (2009), availableatusacac.army.mil.

Rama Mani,Ending Impunity and Building Justice in Afghanistan, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCHAND EVALUATION UNIT ISSUE PAPER SERIES (2003), available atareu.org.af.

MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW,MAX PLANCKMANUAL ON JUDICIAL ETHICS IN AFGHANISTAN (2nd ed., 2009), available atmpil.de.

Laurel Miller & Robert Perito,Establishing the Rule of Law in Afghanistan, 16 UNITED STATESINSTITUTE OF PEACE SPECIAL REPORT 117 (2004), available atusip.org.

Ramin Moschtaghi, Organisation and Jurisdiction of the Newly Established Afghan Courts - TheCompliance of the Formal System of Justice with the Bonn Agreement, 10 MAX PLANCKYEARBOOK OF U.N.L. 531 (2006), available atmpil.de.

William H. Spencer, Promoting a Formal System of Justice, 17 CONN.J.INT'L L. 445 (2002).

Epaminontas E. Triantafilou,In Aid of Transitional Justice - Eroding Norms of Revenge inCountries with Weak State Authority, 10 UCLAJ.INT'L L.&FOREIGN AFF. 541 (2005).

Ali Wardak, Promoting a Formal System of Justice, 16 EURO-ATLANTIC Q. 21 (2009).

Emily Winterbotham,Legacies of Conflict: Healing Complexes and Moving Forwards in KabulProvince, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2011),available atareu.org.af.

Emily Winterbotham & Fauzia Rahimi,Legacies of Conflict: Healing Complexes and MovingForwards in Bamiyan Province, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASESTUDY SERIES (2011), available atareu.org.af.

Emily Winterbotham,Legacies of Conflict: Healing Complexes and Moving Forwards in GhazniProvince, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2011),available atareu.org.af.

Emily Winterbotham, The State of Transitional Justice in Afghanistan, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCHAND EVALUATION UNIT (2010), available atareu.org.af.

Emily Winterbotham, Akbar Ludin, Amin Sheikhzadeh, Farkhloqa Amini, Fauzia Rahimi,Jamila Wafa, Shukria Azadmanesh & Zaman Sultani, Wartime Suffering: Patterns ofViolations in Afghanistan, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT (2011),available atareu.org.af.

See also:

For discussion of court procedure, defendants rights, and criminal law, see section 9, on page 23.
http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/coin/repository/Journal_200902_Ledwidge.pdfhttp://usacac.army.mil/cac2/coin/repository/Journal_200902_Ledwidge.pdfhttp://usacac.army.mil/cac2/coin/repository/Journal_200902_Ledwidge.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/308E-Ending%20Impunity-IP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/308E-Ending%20Impunity-IP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/308E-Ending%20Impunity-IP-print.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_judicial_ethics_2nd_ed_2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_judicial_ethics_2nd_ed_2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_judicial_ethics_2nd_ed_2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/pdfmpunyb/12_ramin.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/pdfmpunyb/12_ramin.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/pdfmpunyb/12_ramin.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1124E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Kabul%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1124E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Kabul%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1124E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Kabul%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1125E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Bamiyan%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1125E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Bamiyan%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1125E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Bamiyan%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1126E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Ghazni%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1126E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Ghazni%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1126E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Ghazni%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1009E-The%20State%20of%20Transitional%20Justice%20in%20Afghanistan%20-%20Actors,%20Approaches%20and%20Challenges%20DP%202010%20Final%20Web.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1009E-The%20State%20of%20Transitional%20Justice%20in%20Afghanistan%20-%20Actors,%20Approaches%20and%20Challenges%20DP%202010%20Final%20Web.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1009E-The%20State%20of%20Transitional%20Justice%20in%20Afghanistan%20-%20Actors,%20Approaches%20and%20Challenges%20DP%202010%20Final%20Web.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1123E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Wartime%20Suffering%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1123E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Wartime%20Suffering%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1123E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Wartime%20Suffering%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1123E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Wartime%20Suffering%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1009E-The%20State%20of%20Transitional%20Justice%20in%20Afghanistan%20-%20Actors,%20Approaches%20and%20Challenges%20DP%202010%20Final%20Web.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1126E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Ghazni%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1125E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Bamiyan%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1124E%20-%20Legacies%20of%20Conflict%20-%20Kabul%20-%20CS%202011.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/pdfmpunyb/12_ramin.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr117.pdfhttp://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/mpil_judicial_ethics_2nd_ed_2009_engl.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/308E-Ending%20Impunity-IP-print.pdfhttp://usacac.army.mil/cac2/coin/repository/Journal_200902_Ledwidge.pdf


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Informal Dispute Resolution.

Dispute resolution that occurs outside of the state courts and applies custom and tradition goes

by several names. It is referred to as customary dispute resolution, community based disputeresolution, and informal dispute resolution, to name just a few. All are acceptable.

This section uses the latter term because it is broader. Customary dispute resolution implies theapplication of custom and tradition through processes grounded in custom and tradition.Community-based dispute resolution implies a process involving a reasonable representation ofstakeholder interests. This section includes articles that discuss both, but also includes processesthat mix custom with the new state legal system and are thus not entirely customary and notnecessarily community-based.

For additional articles discussing customary law, see sections 3.1 and 3.2, on pages 9 and 10.

Thomas J. Barfield,Informal Dispute Resolution and the Formal Legal System in ContemporaryNorthern Afghanistan (United States Institute of Peace, Draft Report, Apr. 21, 2006),available atusip.org.

Thomas J. Barfield, Neamat Nojumi & J. Alexander Thier, The Clash of Two Goods: State andNon-State Dispute Resolution in Afghanistan, UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE(2006), available atusip.org.

Noah Coburn and John Dempsey,Informal Dispute Resolution in Afghanistan, UNITED STATES

INSTITUTE OF PEACE:SPECIAL REPORT 247 (2010), available atusip.org.

Noah Coburn, The Politics of Dispute Resolution and Continued Instability in Afghanistan ,UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE:SPECIAL REPORT 285 (2011), available atusip.org.

John Dempsey and Noah Coburn, Traditional Dispute Resolution and Stability in Afghanistan,UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE:PEACE BRIEF 10 (2010), available atusip.org.

KATE FEARON,PROXIMITY,PRAGMATISM AND PASHTUNWALI -INFORMAL JUSTICE AT DISTRICTLEVEL IN HELMAND PROVINCE (2010), available atstabilisationunit.gov.uk.

Rebecca Gang, Community-Based Dispute Resolution Processes in Balkh Province,AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2010), availableatareu.org.af.

Rebecca Gang, Community-Based Dispute Resolution Processes in Kabul City, AFGHANISTANRESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2011), available atareu.org.af.
http://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield_report.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield_report.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield_report.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/clash_two_goods.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/clash_two_goods.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/clash_two_goods.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr247_0.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr247_0.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr247_0.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr285.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr285.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr285.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2010%20Traditional%20Dispute%20Resolution%20and%20Stability%20in%20Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2010%20Traditional%20Dispute%20Resolution%20and%20Stability%20in%20Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2010%20Traditional%20Dispute%20Resolution%20and%20Stability%20in%20Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/523/proximity,_pragmatism_and_pashtunwali_informal_justice_at_district_level_in_helmand_province,_su,_2010.dochttp://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/523/proximity,_pragmatism_and_pashtunwali_informal_justice_at_district_level_in_helmand_province,_su,_2010.dochttp://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/523/proximity,_pragmatism_and_pashtunwali_informal_justice_at_district_level_in_helmand_province,_su,_2010.dochttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1036E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Balkh%20CS%202010.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1036E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Balkh%20CS%202010.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1036E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Balkh%20CS%202010.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1107E-CBDR%20Processes%20in%20Kabul%20City%20CS%202011%20web.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1107E-CBDR%20Processes%20in%20Kabul%20City%20CS%202011%20web.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1107E-CBDR%20Processes%20in%20Kabul%20City%20CS%202011%20web.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1107E-CBDR%20Processes%20in%20Kabul%20City%20CS%202011%20web.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/1036E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Balkh%20CS%202010.pdfhttp://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/523/proximity,_pragmatism_and_pashtunwali_informal_justice_at_district_level_in_helmand_province,_su,_2010.dochttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2010%20Traditional%20Dispute%20Resolution%20and%20Stability%20in%20Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr285.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr247_0.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/clash_two_goods.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/barfield_report.pdf


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Christina Jones-Pauly & Neamat Nojumi,Balancing Relations Between Society and State: LegalSteps Toward National Reconciliation and Reconstruction of Afghanistan , 52 AM.J.COMP.L. 825 (2004), available atusip.org.

THE LIAISON OFFICE,AN EVALUATION OF THE KHOST COMMISSION ON CONFLICT MEDIATION

(2009), available attlo-afghanistan.org.

THE LIAISON OFFICE,LINKAGES BETWEEN STATE AND NON-STATE JUSTICE SYSTEMS IN EASTERNAFGHANISTAN (2009), available attlo-afghanistan.org.

The Liaison Office,Between the Jirga and the Judge THE LIAISON OFFICE PROGRAM BRIEF 1(2009), available attlo-afghanistan.org.

Sarah Lister, Understanding State-Building and Local Government in Afghanistan (Crisis StatesResearch Centre, Working Paper No. 14, May 2007), available atlse.ac.uk.

Christine Noelle-Karimi,Local Perceptions of State and Law, in STATE RECONSTRUCTION ANDINTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN (2003), available atlse.ac.uk.

Ren El Saman,Linking Formal and Informal Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in Afghanistan(Sanayee Development Organization, Aug. 2008), available atfes.de.

Deborah J. Smith & Jay Lamey,A Holistic Justice System for Afghanistan, AFGHANISTANRESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT POLICY NOTE SERIES (2009), available atareu.org.af.

Deborah J. Smith & Shelly Manalan, Community-Based Dispute Resolution Processes inBamiyan Province, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDYSERIES (2009), available atareu.org.af.

Deborah J. Smith & Shelly Manalan, Community-Based Dispute Resolution Processes inNangarhar Province, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDYSERIES (2009), available atareu.org.af.

Astri Suhrke & Kaja Borchgrevink,Negotiating justice sector reform in Afghanistan (Crime, L.& Soc. Change 2008), available athumansecuritygateway.com.

Marika Theros & Mary Kaldor,Building Afghan Peace From the Ground Up (The CenturyFoundation, Feb. 2011), available attcf.org.

ELIZABETH LEE WALKER,CULTURALLY-ATTUNED GOVERNANCE AND JUSTICE IN HELMANDPROVINCE,AFGHANISTAN (2010), available atronna-afghan.harmonieweb.org .

Ali Wardak, State and Non-State Justice Systems in Afghanistan: The Need for Synergy, 32 U.PA.J.INT'L L. 1305 (2011), available atlaw.upenn.edu.
http://www.usip.org/files/file/comparative_law.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/comparative_law.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/comparative_law.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/peace-building-and-mediation/TLO-CCM-Evaluation-June-2009.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/peace-building-and-mediation/TLO-CCM-Evaluation-June-2009.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/peace-building-and-mediation/TLO-CCM-Evaluation-June-2009.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Working-Paper-Series/TLO-Linkages-between-state-and-non-state-justice-systems-in-eastern-Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Working-Paper-Series/TLO-Linkages-between-state-and-non-state-justice-systems-in-eastern-Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Working-Paper-Series/TLO-Linkages-between-state-and-non-state-justice-systems-in-eastern-Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/jirga_judge.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/jirga_judge.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/jirga_judge.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/wp/wpSeries2/wp142.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/wp/wpSeries2/wp142.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/wp/wpSeries2/wp142.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28375/1/Noelle_Karimi_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28375/1/Noelle_Karimi_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28375/1/Noelle_Karimi_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kabul/05655.pdfhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kabul/05655.pdfhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kabul/05655.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/942E-A%20Holistic%20Justice%20System%20for%20Afghanistan%20PN.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/942E-A%20Holistic%20Justice%20System%20for%20Afghanistan%20PN.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/942E-A%20Holistic%20Justice%20System%20for%20Afghanistan%20PN.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/940E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Bamyian%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/940E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Bamyian%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/940E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Bamyian%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/941E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Nangarhar%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/941E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Nangarhar%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/941E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Nangarhar%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CMI_Afghanistan_NegotiatingJusticeSectorRefrom.pdfhttp://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CMI_Afghanistan_NegotiatingJusticeSectorRefrom.pdfhttp://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CMI_Afghanistan_NegotiatingJusticeSectorRefrom.pdfhttp://tcf.org:8080/Plone/publications/2011/2/building-afghan-peace-from-the-ground-up/pdfhttp://tcf.org:8080/Plone/publications/2011/2/building-afghan-peace-from-the-ground-up/pdfhttp://tcf.org:8080/Plone/publications/2011/2/building-afghan-peace-from-the-ground-up/pdfhttp://ronna-afghan.harmonieweb.org/Lists/Submitted%20Content/Attachments/227/Governance%20and%20Justice%20in%20Helmand%20-%20WALKER1.pdfhttp://ronna-afghan.harmonieweb.org/Lists/Submitted%20Content/Attachments/227/Governance%20and%20Justice%20in%20Helmand%20-%20WALKER1.pdfhttp://ronna-afghan.harmonieweb.org/Lists/Submitted%20Content/Attachments/227/Governance%20and%20Justice%20in%20Helmand%20-%20WALKER1.pdfhttp://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/articles/volume32/issue5/Wardak32U.Pa.J.Int%27lL.1305%282011%29.pdfhttp://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/articles/volume32/issue5/Wardak32U.Pa.J.Int%27lL.1305%282011%29.pdfhttp://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/articles/volume32/issue5/Wardak32U.Pa.J.Int%27lL.1305%282011%29.pdfhttp://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/articles/volume32/issue5/Wardak32U.Pa.J.Int%27lL.1305%282011%29.pdfhttp://ronna-afghan.harmonieweb.org/Lists/Submitted%20Content/Attachments/227/Governance%20and%20Justice%20in%20Helmand%20-%20WALKER1.pdfhttp://tcf.org:8080/Plone/publications/2011/2/building-afghan-peace-from-the-ground-up/pdfhttp://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CMI_Afghanistan_NegotiatingJusticeSectorRefrom.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/941E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Nangarhar%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/940E-Community-Based%20Dispute%20Resolution%20in%20Bamyian%20CS%202009.pdfhttp://areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/942E-A%20Holistic%20Justice%20System%20for%20Afghanistan%20PN.pdfhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kabul/05655.pdfhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28375/1/Noelle_Karimi_LSERO_version.pdfhttp://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/wp/wpSeries2/wp142.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/jirga_judge.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/Working-Paper-Series/TLO-Linkages-between-state-and-non-state-justice-systems-in-eastern-Afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.tlo-afghanistan.org/sites/default/files/peace-building-and-mediation/TLO-CCM-Evaluation-June-2009.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/comparative_law.pdf


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ALI WARDAK,DAUD SABA,&HALIMA KAZEM,AFGHANISTAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENTREPORT 2007:BRIDGING MODERNITY AND TRADITION: THE RULE OF LAW AND THESEARCH FOR JUSTICE (2007), available athdr.undp.org.

Ali Wardak,Building a Post-War Justice System in Afghanistan, 41 CRIME,L.&SOC.CHANGE

319 (2004), available atusip.org.

Ali Wardak, Structures of Authority and Local Dispute Settlement in Afghanistan, in CONFLICTSAND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN MIDDLE EASTERN SOCIETIES:BETWEEN TRADITION ANDMODERNITY (Albrecht et al., eds., 2006).
http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/asiathepacific/afghanistan/nhdr2007.pdfhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/asiathepacific/afghanistan/nhdr2007.pdfhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/asiathepacific/afghanistan/nhdr2007.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/wardak_article.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/wardak_article.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/wardak_article.pdfhttp://www.usip.org/files/file/wardak_article.pdfhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/asiathepacific/afghanistan/nhdr2007.pdf


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Family Law.

For purposes of this bibliography, family law includes issues related to marriage, divorce,

inheritance, and child custody. Juvenile justice issues are included in the sections on the statejudiciary (section 5), criminal law (section 9), and human rights (section 10), as appropriate.

See cross reference notes at the bottom of the page.

S.BAHGAM &W.MUKHATARI,STUDY ON CHILD MARRIAGE IN AFGHANISTAN (2004), availableatmedicamondaile.org.

Abdulwahed Zia Moballegh, Family Law in Afghanistan: Past Experiences and FutureLandscape (2008) (unpublished manuscript available atmusawah.org).

Abdulwahed Zia Moballegh,Reforming the Afghan Family Law (Oct. 2009) (unpublishedmanuscript available atdd-rd.ca).

Orzala Ashraf Nemat, Comparative Analysis of Family Law in the Context of Islam (HeinrichBoell Foundation, Conference Report, Aug. 15, 2006), available atboell-afghanistan.org.

MOHAMMAD HAMID SABOORY,FAMILY STRUCTURES AND FAMILY LAW IN AFGHANISTAN (2005),available atmpipriv.de.

Irene Schneider,Recent Developments in Afghan Family Law: Research Aspects, ASIENKUNDE

(2007), available atasienkunde.de.

Nadjma Yassari,Legal Pluralism and Family Law - An Assessment of the Current Situation inAfghanistan, in THE SHARIA IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF AFGHANISTAN,IRAN AND EGYPT -IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATE LAW (Yassari ed., 2005), available atbooks.google.com.

See also:

For further reading on marriage and inheritance under Hanafifiqh, see articles by Anderson andCarroll, listed in section 2.3, on page 7.

For further reading on marriage, divorce, and related issues under Afghan law, see the book byKamali, chapters 4 through 7, listed in section 1, on page 3.
http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_Child_marriage_medica_mondiale_study_2004_e.pdfhttp://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_Child_marriage_medica_mondiale_study_2004_e.pdfhttp://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_Child_marriage_medica_mondiale_study_2004_e.pdfhttp://www.musawah.org/docs/research/country-reports/Afghanistan-report.pdfhttp://www.musawah.org/docs/research/country-reports/Afghanistan-report.pdfhttp://www.musawah.org/docs/research/country-reports/Afghanistan-report.pdfhttp://www.dd-rd.ca/afghanistan/pdf/ReformingAfghanFamilyLaw-Rights&Democracy.pdfhttp://www.dd-rd.ca/afghanistan/pdf/ReformingAfghanFamilyLaw-Rights&Democracy.pdfhttp://www.dd-rd.ca/afghanistan/pdf/ReformingAfghanFamilyLaw-Rights&Democracy.pdfhttp://www.boell-afghanistan.org/downloads/English_Family_Law.pdfhttp://www.boell-afghanistan.org/downloads/English_Family_Law.pdfhttp://www.boell-afghanistan.org/downloads/English_Family_Law.pdfhttp://www.mpipriv.de/shared/data/pdf/mpi-report_on_family_structures_and_family_law_in_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.mpipriv.de/shared/data/pdf/mpi-report_on_family_structures_and_family_law_in_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.mpipriv.de/shared/data/pdf/mpi-report_on_family_structures_and_family_law_in_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_106_118.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_106_118.pdfhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_106_118.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A104_106_118.pdfhttp://www.mpipriv.de/shared/data/pdf/mpi-report_on_family_structures_and_family_law_in_afghanistan.pdfhttp://www.boell-afghanistan.org/downloads/English_Family_Law.pdfhttp://www.dd-rd.ca/afghanistan/pdf/ReformingAfghanFamilyLaw-Rights&Democracy.pdfhttp://www.musawah.org/docs/research/country-reports/Afghanistan-report.pdfhttp://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_Child_marriage_medica_mondiale_study_2004_e.pdf


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Property Law.

For purposes of this bibliography, property law includes issues related to land ownership, deeds,

land inheritance, water rights, natural resource management, and grazing rights.

Dept for Intl Dev., Community Based Approaches for Rural Land Administration andManagement in Afghanistan (Asian Development Bank, Technical Assistance Report4483, Apr. 2008), available atadb.org.

COLIN DESCHAMPS AND ALAN ROE,LAND CONFLICT IN AFGHANISTAN (2009), available atareu.org.af.

CONOR FOLEY,AGUIDE TO PROPERTY LAW IN AFGHANISTAN (2005), available atinternal-

displacement.org.

Jo Grace, Who Owns the Farm? Rural Womens Access to Land and Livestock, AFGHANISTANRESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT WORKING PAPER SERIES (2005), available atareu.org.af.

Alec McEwen & Sharna Nolan, Water Management, Livestock and the Opium Economy -Options for Land Registration, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASESTUDY SERIES (2007), available atareu.org.af.

Alec McEwen & Brendan Whitty, Water Management, Livestock, and the Opium Economy,

AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2006), availableatareu.org.af.

Bashir Ahmad Munib,Law of Land Tenure and Transfer of Property in Times of War, in THESHARIA IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF AFGHANISTAN,IRAN AND EGYPT -IMPLICATIONS FORPRIVATE LAW (Yassari ed., 2005), available atbooks.google.com.

NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL,LAND AND PROPERTY DISPUTES IN AFGHANISTAN (2006),available atochaonline.un.org.

Mervyn Patterson, The Shiwa Pastures, 1978-2003 - Land Tenure Changes and Conflict in

Northeastern Badakhshan, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDYSERIES (2004), available atareu.org.af.

J.DAVID STANSFIELD,LAND ADMINISTRATION IN (POST)CONFLICT CONDITIONS:THE CASE OFAFGHANISTAN (2006), available atterrainstitute.org.
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/38221-AFG/38221-01-AFG-TACR.pdfhttp://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/38221-AFG/38221-01-AFG-TACR.pdfhttp://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/38221-AFG/38221-01-AFG-TACR.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/918E-Land%20Conflict-IP-web.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/918E-Land%20Conflict-IP-web.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/503E-Who%20Owns%20the%20Farm-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/503E-Who%20Owns%20the%20Farm-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/701E-Options%20for%20Land%20Registration-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/701E-Options%20for%20Land%20Registration-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/701E-Options%20for%20Land%20Registration-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/620E-Land%20Tenure-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/620E-Land%20Tenure-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/620E-Land%20Tenure-CS-print.pdfhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1177817&ei=3pCvTomfD6Xn0QHB2-3NAQ&usg=AFQjCNHO4sEk2uwZ3cqun5P_toZIC0F0qg&cad=rjahttp://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1177817&ei=3pCvTomfD6Xn0QHB2-3NAQ&usg=AFQjCNHO4sEk2uwZ3cqun5P_toZIC0F0qg&cad=rjahttp://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1177817&ei=3pCvTomfD6Xn0QHB2-3NAQ&usg=AFQjCNHO4sEk2uwZ3cqun5P_toZIC0F0qg&cad=rjahttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/415E-The%20Shiwa%20Pastures-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/415E-The%20Shiwa%20Pastures-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/415E-The%20Shiwa%20Pastures-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.terrainstitute.org/pdf/Land_Admin_PostConflict.pdfhttp://www.terrainstitute.org/pdf/Land_Admin_PostConflict.pdfhttp://www.terrainstitute.org/pdf/Land_Admin_PostConflict.pdfhttp://www.terrainstitute.org/pdf/Land_Admin_PostConflict.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/415E-The%20Shiwa%20Pastures-CS-print.pdfhttp://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1177817&ei=3pCvTomfD6Xn0QHB2-3NAQ&usg=AFQjCNHO4sEk2uwZ3cqun5P_toZIC0F0qg&cad=rjahttp://books.google.com/books?id=CMGfLzYWeW4C&printsec=frontcoverhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/620E-Land%20Tenure-CS-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/701E-Options%20for%20Land%20Registration-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/503E-Who%20Owns%20the%20Farm-WP-print.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpDocuments%29/86A7E9B3EE11392EC125716F002D49E8/$file/PropertyLawManual%28EngVer%29.pdfhttp://www.areu.org.af/Uploads/EditionPdfs/918E-Land%20Conflict-IP-web.pdfhttp://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/38221-AFG/38221-01-AFG-TACR.pdf


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J. David Stansfield, Yasin Safar, Akram Salam & J. Brick, Community-State Administration ofPrivate Property Records in Rural Afghanistan (Terra Institute Ltd., 2008), available atglos.ac.uk.

MARTIJN TER HEEGDE,THEA HILHORST &NICHOLAS PORCHET,AFGHANISTAN FOOD SECURITY

AND LAND GOVERNANCE FACTSHEET (2011), available atlandgovernance.org.

Liz Alden Wily,Land and the Constitution: Current Land Issues in Afghanistan, AFGHANISTANRESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT POLICY BRIEF (2003), available atareu.org.af.

Liz Alden Wily,Land Relations in Faryab Province - Findings from a field study in 11 villages ,AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2004), availableatareu.org.af.

Liz Alden Wily,Land Relations in Bamyan Province: Findings from a 15 village case study,AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT CASE STUDY SERIES (2004), available

atareu.org.af.

Liz Alden Wily,Land Rights in Crisis: Restoring Tenure Security in Afghanistan, AFGHANISTANRESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT ISSUE PAPER SERIES (2003), available atareu.org.af.

Liz Alden Wily,Looking for Peace on the Pastures - Rural Land Relations in Afghanistan ,AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH AND EVALUATION UNIT SYNTHESIS PAPER SERIES (2004),available atareu.org.af.

Liz Alden Wily, Putting Rural Land Registration in Perspective: The Afghanistan Case,(Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Draft Paper, Apr. 29, 2004), available atareu.org.af.

LIZ ALDEN WILY,RECOMMENDED STRATEGY FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION OF COMPETING HIGHPASTURE CLAIMS OF SETTLED AND NOMADIC COMMUNITIES IN AFGHANISTAN (2009),available atpostconflict.unep.ch.

Liz Alden Wily,Rural Land Relations in Conflict: A Way Forward, AFGHANISTAN RESEARCHAND EVALUATION UNIT BRIEFING PAPER (2004), available atareu.org.af.

World Bank, South Asia Energy and Infrastructure Unit, Kabul Urban Land Crisis: A Summaryof Issues and Recommendations (Kabul Urban Policy Notes Series n.1, Sep. 2005),avai

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