Africa

African styled Muslim mosque

Climate Zones

African Kingdoms Timeline

200 CE 1800 CE1000 CE600 CE 1400 CE

4th-11th GHANA13th-15th MALI15th-16th SONGHAY13th-14th YORUBA15th-18th BENIN13th-18th KONGO9th-16th GREAT ZIMBABWE

For the quiz on Wednesday

1. Grasslands, Swahili Coast, and Forest and Plains- know where they are on a map and be able to give a general description of each one

2. 7 Kingdoms/Cultures- for each of the 7 mentioned in the chapter you must: know their datesgive a general description of their culturemention any important figuresbe able to place them on a map

Africa Before European Explorers

No true universal states or religions Christianity and Islam do arrive

Many stateless societies No central power

Clans, families, communities Small influence on lives

Little power Warfare Trade Building projects

Need for larger centralized states/kingdoms

State Building

West Africa Influence of Islam Military power Alliances Less importance on ethnic/

cultural unityCity-states

Strong merchant communities Similar to Italy and Germany

Not the same technology European influence to come

Similarities in Africa

Language Bantu migration of language

Religion Animistic

Spirit in every object Diviners or priests to interpret Acts as a guide

Ethics and behavior How universe worked

Land has religious meaning Given by creator

Worked by people fertility

Similarities in Africa

Family/clan Veneration of ancestors and gods

Economies- not as easily defined North Africa- stands apart

Mediterranean and Arab trade worlds Sub-Saharan- varied

Varied agriculture mixed with herding Use of metal tools/weapons Local/regional trade International trade arose

Islamic world Arab traders

Islam Arrives

North of Sahara Part of ancient world

Mediterranean coastline Middle East Egypt

Begins 7th centuryAttraction of Islam

All Muslims are equal Easier to accept conquerors/new rulers All followers on equal footing Uniting of state/religious power under on ruler

Kings could consolidate authorityRegional differences continued

Swahili Coast of East Africa

Trading cities Contact with Arabia, Persia, India, China

Vibrant trade of goods from far off lands Islamic influence

Universal set of ethics and beliefs Slow to reach larger populations or

inland Class based

• Leaders Muslim• Often compromises b/w Islam and

indigenous faith for greater populationCommon language, culture

Bantu migrationPortuguese attempt to dominate trade

Some success Africans hold onto trade

Sudanic Similarities

Leadership Patriarch/family/group

Core group Extended area of rule- conquest states

Taxes, tribute, militaryRulers sacred

Islam used to reinforce thisFusion of Islam and traditional cultures