Date post: | 12-Apr-2017 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | bathermy-tsafack |
View: | 210 times |
Download: | 0 times |
The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector
Contents
Aboutthisprimer 2
Acronyms 3
Chapter1 Whyisitimportantforcivilsocietyorganisationstounderstand theAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB)? 4
Chapter2 WhatistheAfDB? 5 WhatisthehistoryoftheAfDB? 5 WhoownstheAfDB? 6 HowdoestheAfDBcomparewithotherbilateralandmultilateral donorsinthewatersector? 6 WhatotheragenciesdoestheAfDBworkwith? 7
Chapter3 HowistheAfDBorganisedandhowaredecisionstaken? 8 HowistheAfDBgoverned? 8 HowistheAfDBorganisedbelowexecutivelevel? 8 WhichpartoftheAfDBisresponsibleforwaterandsanitation? 9
Chapter4 WheredoestheAfDBgetitsfundsandwhatservices doesitprovide? 10 WheredoestheAfDBlendfrom? 10 HowdoestheAfDBgroupraisefunds? 11 Onwhatcriteriaaredecisionstolendmade? 13 HowdoestheAfDBlendmoney? 13 Whattermsandconditionsareattachedtoloans? 14 WhatistheAfDB’scurrentfundingstrategy? 14
Chapter5 HowistheAfDBinvolvedinwaterandsanitation? 15 RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI) 15 AfricanWaterFacility(AWF) 16 NEPADWaterResourcesManagementProgramme 16 InfrastructureConsortiumforAfrica(ICA) 17
Chapter6 WhatistheAfDBprojectcycle? 18
Chapter7 Transparencyandaccountability 20 DisclosureofInformationPolicy 20 Waysofaccessinginformation 21 HowistheAfDBheldtoaccountfortheimpactofitspolicies? 22 CivilsocietyandtheAfDB 22 WhatarethemechanismsforNGOengagement? 23
Annex Usefulcontactdetails 25
2 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
About this primer
Thisprimerisaresourceforcivilsocietyorganisationsactiveinthewaterandsanitationsector.
ThepurposeoftheprimeristodeepenunderstandingoftheAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB)atatimewhenitsworkinthesectorisexpanding.WehopethisknowledgewillenablecivilsocietytoengagewiththeAfDBfromamoreinformedposition.
Theprimerisacompilationofmaterialfrommanysources.Allmaterialsarereferenced.TheprimerhasbeencheckedforaccuracybystaffoftheAfDB.WewouldliketothanktheBankforthiscontribution.
Theprimerwasjointlywrittenin2007bythefollowingorganisations:
• FreshwaterActionNetwork(FAN)
• AfricanCivilSocietyNetworkonWaterandSanitation(ANEW)
• UgandaWaterandSanitationNetwork(UWASNET),Uganda
• Relaispourledéveloppementurbainparticipé(ENDARUP),Senegal
• SouthAfricaWaterCaucus,SouthAfrica
• ArabOfficeforYouthandEnvironment(AOYE),Egypt
• WaterEnergyandSanitationforDevelopment(WESDE),Cameroon
• WaterAid
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 3
Acronyms
AfDB AfricanDevelopmentBankADF AfricanDevelopmentFundAMCOW AfricanMinisters’CouncilforWaterAPPR AnnualProjectPerformanceReviewAWF AfricanWaterFacilityCBO Community-basedorganisationCRMU ComplianceReviewandMediationUnitCDP CountrydialoguepapersCGP CountrygovernanceprofileCPA CountryperformanceassessmentCPIA CountrypolicyandinstitutionalassessmentCSO CivilsocietyorganisationCSP CountrystrategypaperEC EuropeanCommissionGFTAM GlobalFundtofightAids,TuberculosisandMalariaGTI GlobalTransparencyInitiativeHIPC HeavilyindebtedpoorcountryICA InfrastructureConsortiumforAfricaIDA InternationalDevelopmentAssociationIFAD InternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentIFI InternationalfinancialinstitutionIRM IndependentreviewmechanismIWRM IntegratedwaterresourcemanagementRMC RegionalMemberCountryNGO NongovernmentalorganisationNTF NigeriaTrustFundOECD/DAC OrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment/Development AssistanceCommitteeOWAS OperationsforWaterandSanitationDepartmentMOPAN Multi-lateralOrganisationsPerformanceAssessmentNetworkNEPAD NewPartnershipforAfrica’sDevelopmentPAR ProjectappraisalreportPIC PublicinformationcentrePPB ProspectiveprojectbriefRWSSI RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiativeSTAP ShorttermactionplanTWRM Trans-boundarywaterresourcemanagementUNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUNFPA UnitedNationsPopulationFund
4 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Chapter1 Why is it important for civil society organisations to understand the AfDB?
• Becausein2006theAfDBcommittedatotalofUS$3.4billiontomembercountriesinloans,grantsanddebtrelief.Thiswasa32%increaseonthepreviousyear
• BecausetheAfDBisbecomingmoreselectiveinitsapproachwithanewemphasisonwater,infrastructure,energyandtransportnowaccountingfor40%ofoperationsinlow-incomecountries
• Byend2006,theAfDBhadcommittedmorethanUS$4billiontowaterandsanitation,representingabout7.7%oftotalBankapprovalssince1967.Totalapprovalsforwaterin2005and2006amountedtoUS$624million1
• Becauseitsannualinvestmentinthewatersectorissettorise–in2003itlaunchedaUS$14.2billioninitiativecalledtheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative.TheInitiativeaimstoattain66%accesstowatersupplyandsanitationinAfricaby2010and80%by2015
• TheAfDBiscurrentlystrengtheningitsstatisticalcapabilitiesandanalyticalworktosupportpolicyevolutioninregionalmembercountries.ThiswillenabletheAfDBanditspartnerstodevelopastrongervoiceondevelopmentissuesinAfrica
Investmentinwaterandsanitation,2000-2006(millionsofEuros)2
1 PresentationbyDonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDBGroup,toAmbassadorsfromMemberStatesoftheBankaccreditedtoTunisiaandRepresentativesofInternationalOrganizationson18January2007
2 Ibid
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 5
Chapter2What is the AfDB?
TheAfDBisamultilateraldevelopmentbankthatmakesgrantsandloanstoAfricangovernmentsandtopublicandprivateenterprisesinvestinginAfrica.TheAfDBisAfrica’slargestdevelopmentfinanceinstitutionwhichisdedicatedtocombatingpovertyandimprovinglivingconditionsacrossthecontinent.TheAfDBisalsoengagedinmobilisingresourcesfortheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofitsRegionalMemberCountries(RMCs).
TheAfDB’smandate3isto:“contribute to the economic development and social progress of its regional members – individually and jointly”. TheAfDB’smissionistopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentthroughloans,equityinvestmentsandtechnicalassistance.
TheAfDBGroupcomprisesthreeinstitutions–theAfDB,theAfricanDevelopmentFund(ADF),andtheNigeriaTrustFund(NTF).
WhatisthehistoryoftheAfDB?
In1961,theLiberiancapitalhostedtheMonroviaConferencebringingtogetherHeadsofStateandGovernment.DiscussionsatthismeetingandlaterinLagoscentredontwodraftcharters;onefortheOrganisationofAfricanUnity,andonefortheAfDB.
AdraftaccordwaspreparedandsubmittedtotopAfricanofficials,andthentoAfricanMinisters.OnAugust4,1963,23AfricanGovernmentssignedanagreementestablishingtheAfDB.EightmorecountriessignedupinDecember.TheinauguralassemblywasheldinNovember1964inLagos.
Intheearly1990s,non-regionalmembersexpresseddisappointmentattheperformanceoftheAfDBGroup.Inresponse,theAfDBinitiatedacommissionledbyformerWorldBankVicePresident,DavidKnox,toevaluatetheorganisation.Publishedin1994,theKnoxReportdrewattentiontoanumberofproblems,includingpoorqualityoflending;lackoffocuscausedbytheconflictinginterestsofshareholders;andadiscrepancybetweenofficialpoliciesandactualpractices.Aroundthesametime,Standard&Poor’s,oneoftheworld’sforemostcreditratingagencies,downgradedtheAfDB’sseniorlong-termdebtbecauseofthe“increasingpoliticization”oftheAfDB’scorporategovernanceandmanagement.ThedowngrademadeitmoreexpensivefortheAfDBtoborrowmoneyoninternationalmarkets,andhadaprofoundeffectontheAfDB’sfinancialstability.
TheAfDBmadeeffortstorestoreitscredibilityunderPresidentOmarKabbaj,whotightenedfinancialcontrols,centraliseddecision-makinganddown-sizedstaffnumbers.BytheendofPresidentKabbaj’stermin2005,Standard&Poor’sgavetheAfDBatripleArating(orexcellentcreditrating).WiththeelectionofthenewPresident,DonaldKaberukainJuly2005,theAfDBisintheprocessofdefiningitsfocusandseekingtore-establishitselfasapremier,results-orientateddevelopmentinstitutionwithacomparativeadvantage.
3 Article1oftheAgreementEstablishingtheAfricanDevelopmentBank,http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/LEGALINFORMATION/AGREEMENT_ESTABLISHING_ADB_JULY2002_EN.DOC
� The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector
“President Kaberuka inherited an institution whose financial standing has been restored, but whose operational credibility remains a work-in-progress”4
Who owns the AfDB?
Shareholder support for the African Development Bank
The AfDB is owned by its members. There are 77 members comprising 53 African (Regional) members and 24 non-regional members. Originally an all-African institution, the non-regional members joined in 1982, allowing the AfDB to increase its capital base. Each member country in the AfDB has an equal number of basic votes in addition to a number of votes proportional to its paid-up shares. No one member country or group of countries has veto power. The regional members who currently have the greatest voting power (as of December 200�) are Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa. Non-regional members with the highest voting power are the US, Germany and Canada. The non-regional members hold approximately 40% of the total votes.
How does the AfDB compare with other bilateral and multilateral donors in the water sector?
OECD/DAC statistics show that between 2000 and 2004, around two-thirds of aid for water and sanitation was provided bilaterally and one third by multilateral agencies. On average, the AfDB provides less funding to the sector than some bilateral donors (Japan, United States, Germany, and France). Among the multilateral donors, IDA and the European Commission provide over three-quarters of multilateral support to the sector, with the African and Asian Development Banks providing a substantial share of the remaining quarter.
Links between the AfDB and the World Bank are strong. In 2000, the AfDB and the World Bank signed a Memorandum of Understanding, outlining a strategic partnership between the two institutions.5 The strategic partnership was revised in 2002. The two institutions have drafted a set of action plans that delineates planned cooperation in a set of sectors/themes and countries.
4 Center for Global Development (200�), Building Africa’s Development Bank: Six Recommendations for the AfDB and its Shareholders http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/10033/
5 See World Bank website, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0, ,contentMDK:202�7225~menuPK:538�73~pagePK:14�73�~piPK:22�340~theSitePK:258�44,00.html
The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector �
Source: Development Initiatives, Background Paper for the Human Development Report 2006
What other agencies does the AfDB work with?
The AfDB was criticised in 2004 by the Multilateral Organisations Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN)6 for its failure to engage with other development actors.� However, the AfDB has since become a signatory to both the Rome Declaration on Harmonisation and the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the agreement among donors to better align and harmonise their policies behind recipient country policies. The AfDB works closely with a number of organisations in addition to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, in particular, IFAD, UNDP, the European Union and certain bilateral agencies. The AfDB also has strategic alliances with the following pan-African institutions: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the African Union (including AMCOW and NEPAD), the African Business Roundtable and the African Economic Research Consortium. The AfDB is currently handling some aspects of the NEPAD programme, the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa supported by the G8, the Joint Africa Institute (with IMF and the World Bank) and since 2005 the African Water Facility at the request of the African Ministers’ Council for Water (AMCOW).
Cumulative aid to water and sanitation from multilateral agencies 1990 to 2004 $ millions
AfDB
ADB ECID
A
IDB S
p.Fun
dIFA
D
UNDP
UNICEF
UNFPA
GFTAM
6 MOPAN network members are the Governments of Austria, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The aim of the MOPAN survey is to generate knowledge about multilateral performance at a country level.
� “The AfDB mostly works separately from other donors, and its participation in regular donor coordination activities and cooperation with bilateral donors is weak. AfDB-funded project consultants participate passively at (sector) coordination meetings. They rarely make technical contributions; they are not involved in strategic discussions.” The MOPAN survey 2004, Synthesis report http://www2.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/MOPAN2004.pdf
8 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Chapter3 How is the AfDB organised and how are decisions taken?
HowistheAfDBgoverned?
TheBoardofGovernorsisthehighestpolicymakingorgan.TheBoardcomprisesonerepresentativefromeachmembercountry.TheBoardofGovernorsissuesgeneraldirectivesonBankoperationsandapprovesamendmentstotheAgreement,theadmissionofnewmembers,andincreasestotheAfDB’scapital.TheGovernorsmeetannuallyormoreoftenattherequestoffiveormoremembers.Regionalmemberscontrol60%ofthevotingpowerontheBoard,and40%forthenon-regionalmembers.
TheAfDBBoardofGovernorselectsan18-memberBoardofDirectors.TwelveDirectorsareelectedfromRMCsandsixfromnon-RMCsforathree-yearterm,renewableonce.TheBoardofDirectorsoverseesallBankoperations.TheBoardofDirectorsisresidentattheheadquartersoftheAfDBandmeetsforbusinessasoftenastheworkoftheAfDBmayrequire.Votingrightsareallocatedinproportiontothenumberofsharesheldbyeachoftheregionalornon-regionalmembercountriesrepresentedbyanExecutiveDirector.
TheBoardofGovernorselectsthePresidentoftheAfDBGroupforafive-yearterm,renewableonce.ThePresident,whomustbefromanRMC,chairstheBoardsofDirectors,appointsVice-Presidents–inconsultationwiththeBoards,andmanagestheAfDB’sdailyoperations.ThecurrentPresidentisDonaldKaberuka,aformerMinisterofFinancefromRwanda.ThePresidentistheChairoftheBoardofDirectorsandtheChiefofStaff.
TheAfDBisdividedintofivevicepresidencies:threefocusedonoperations(CountryandRegionalProgrammesandPolicy;SectorOperations;Infrastructure,PrivateSectorandRegionalIntegration),oneforfinanceandoneforcorporatemanagement.
HowistheAfDBorganisedbelowexecutivelevel?8
TheAfDBunderwentrestructuringduring2006andanumberofnewdepartmentswereestablished.TheAfDBisintheprocessofestablishinganetworkof25countryoffices.Atthetimeofwriting,therearefieldofficesinBurkinaFaso,Chad,Cameroon,Egypt,Ethiopia,Gabon,Madagascar,Mali,Mozambique,Morocco,Nigeria,DRC,Rwanda,SaoToméandPrincipé,Senegal,UgandaandTanzania.OpeningnewfieldofficesisintendedtoincreasetheeffectivenessofBankoperationsandenableBankstafftoengagefullywithnationalgovernmentsandotherdonors.TheAfDBisseekingtorecruitawaterandsanitationexperttofifteencountryoffices.
8 AnorganisationchartcanbefoundontheAfDBwebsite:http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/141D5CE76812D186E040C00A0C3D4DC3
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 9
WhichpartoftheAfDBisresponsibleforwaterandsanitation?
AWaterandSanitationDepartment(OWAS)wasrecentlyestablishedundertheVicePresidencyforInfrastructure,PrivateSectorandRegionalIntegration.ThedepartmentaimstocentralisetheAfDB’swatersectoractivitiesandtomanagethelargeincreaseinfinancingforthesector.ThedepartmentwillsupporttheimplementationoftheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI)andensurefundingforprojectsandstudiesinthewatersector.ItwillalsoserveasatrusteefortheAfricanWaterFacilitySpecialFundandwillprovidesupporttotheNEPADWaterandSanitationProgramme,themulti-donorRWSSItrustfund(Denmark,FranceandtheNetherlands)andamulti-donorWaterPartnershipProgrammefundedbytheNetherlands,France,DenmarkandCanada.
TheAfDBisseekingtoincreaseitsprofessionalstaffcapacitythroughtherecruitmentofmorewaterandsanitationengineers,socio-economists,genderexperts,financialanalysts,andsectoreconomists.Anumberofdonorpartners,includingFinland,Denmark,UK,FranceandtheNetherlands,areassistingwiththeprovisionoftechnicalassistants.
10 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Chapter4 Where does the AfDB get its funds and what services does it provide?
Keyfacts
• TheAfDBraisesfundsbyissuingbonds,loanrepayments,fromdonorcontributionsandfromco-financing
• TheAfDBhasthreelendingwindows–theAfDB,ADFandtheNTF
• TheAfDBprovidesloanstowealthierregionalmembersatnearmarketrateswhereastheADFprovideslong-termlowinterestloansandgrantstotheleastdevelopedmembers.TheNTFalsoprovidesfinancingatbelowmarketratesforthepoorerregionalmembers
WheredoestheAfDBlendfrom?
TheAfricanDevelopmentGrouphasthreelendingarms:
1)TheAfDBprovidesnon-concessionalloanstocreditworthymembersandin‘blend’countries(thatiscountriesthathaveGNIlevelshighenoughforthemtobeeligibleforbothcheaploansandlendingathigher‘nearmarket’rates,suchasNigeriaandZimbabwe).In2006,US$1.4billionwasfornon-concessional(ormoreexpensive)lending.9
2)TheAfricanDevelopmentFund(ADF)provideshighlyconcessionalloans(orloansatverylowinterestratesandwithlongrepaymentperiods)andgrantstolowincomemembersthatareunabletoborrowatmarketratesfromtheAfDB.‘Blend’countriescanalsoborrowfromthefund.Thesefundsareforbasiceconomicandhumandevelopmentprojects.In2006,ADFactivitiesamountedtoUS$2billion.10
3)TheNigeriaTrustFund(NTF)isthethirdandsmallestarmoftheAfDBgroup.FundedbytheNigeriangovernmentandfinancedbyoilrevenues,theNTFassiststhedevelopmenteffortsofthepoorerAfDBmemberswhoseeconomicandsocialconditionsandprospectsrequirefinancingonnon-conventionalterms.TheNTFisunderAfDBmanagement.Itlendsata2to4%interestrate,andoffersflexibletermsforinvestment.
9 StatementbyDonaldKaberukatoAmbassadorsfromthememberstateson18January2007http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/TUNISIA-01%2018%202007-STATEMENT%20BY%20DONALD%20KABERUKA%20TO%20AMBASSADORS.DOC
10 Ibid
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 11
HowdoestheAfDBgroupraisefunds?
TheAfDBraisesfundsforitsoperationsby:
• Issuingbondsonthemarket–AfDBhasatripleArating(orexcellentcreditrating)andbeganlastyeartosellbondstoAfricanmarkets
• Loanrepaymentsfromborrowingmembers
• Contributionsfromdonorcountries
• Co-financingwithbilateralandmultilateraldonorsand,inthecaseofprivatesectoroperations,withprivatebanksandequityinvestors
TheAfDB,liketheWorldBank,reliesonperiodiccapitalincreasesofitslendingfacilitiesbymembercountries.DonorcountriescontributenewfundstotheADFeverythreeyears.TheAfDB’sdependenceonthesefundsgivesdonorsinfluenceoverthewaythemoneyisused,andallowsthemtoshapethepoliciesandstrategicdirectionsoftheinstitution.
TheADFisreplenishedeverythreeyears.The11threplenishmentoftheADF,whichwillrunfrom2008through2010,isexpectedtobemoreselectiveinitsfocus.NegotiationsregardingdonorcontributionsandrelatedconditionsbeganinMarch2007.
Toprecipients
Since1967whentheAfDBfirstbeganlending,NorthAfricahasreceivedapproximatelyone-thirdoftheAfDB’sportfolio(overUS$17billion),atrendthatcontinuestodaywithMoroccoandTunisiabeingthelargestborrowers.WestAfricareceivedroughlyaquarterofallloans,withNigeriathelargestrecipient.East(15.2%),Southern(13.7%)andCentral(12.3%)AfricaarethenextlargestrecipientsofAfDBloans,withEthiopia,MozambiqueandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongorepresentingthehighestrecipientsfromtherespectiveregions.11
“BorrowerslegitimatelyhavebeendissatisfiedwiththequalityandspeedofBankservices.Wemuststripawayneedlesssteps,bureaucracy,andbuildaninternalservicedeliveryculture.”
DonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDB,statementmadeattheADFmid-termreview,December200612
11 SeeBankInformationCentre,http://www.bicusa.org/en/Institution.Lending.1.aspx12 http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/ADF%20MID-
TERM%20REVIEW%20STATEMENT.DOChttp://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/AFDB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/ADF%20MID-TERM%20REVIEW%20STATEMENT.DOC
12 The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector
The map shows that far fewer RMCs are eligible to borrow from the AfDB than from the ADF
MOROCCO
MALI NIGER
NIGERIA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
CHADSUDAN
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
DJIBOUTI
SOMALIA
KENYAUGANDA
TANZANIA
BURUNDI
RWANDA
MOZAMBIQUE
SWAZILAND
MALAWI
COMOROS
MADAGASCAR
MAURITIUS
SOUTH AFRICA
LESOTHO
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
ZAMBIA
ANGOLA
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
CONGO REPUBLIC
GABON
NAMIBIA
AfDB beneficiary countries
ADF beneficiary countries
AfDB and ADF beneficiary countries
CAMEROONBENIN
LIBERIA
GUINEA
BURKINA FASOGUINEA BISSAU
THE GAMBIA
SENEGAL
SIERRA LEONE
TOGO
GHANA
COTE D’IVOIRE
MAURITANIA
WESTERNSAHARA
ALGERIA
TUNISIA
LIBYA EGYPT
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
CAPE VERDE
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 13
Onwhatcriteriaaredecisionstolendmade?
Countryperformancehasastronginfluenceontheallocationofresources,andgovernanceisanimportantfactorintheassessmentofcountryperformance.
TheAfDBusesatoolcalledtheCountryPolicyandInstitutionalAssessment(CPIA)designedtoassessthequalityofacountry’spolicyandinstitutionalframework.ThistooliscloselyalignedtoindicatorsdevelopedbytheWorldBank.TheCPIAisusedtoassignaratingtoeachborrowingcountry,whichdetermineshowmuchlendingitwillbeeligibletoreceive.DonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDBhasdrawnattentiontosomeoftheproblemsinherentinthesystem,whichfailstotakeintoaccounttheparticularcontextofpost-conflictcountriesandwhichcanmakeaiddeliveryvolatile,andproduceperverseresults.13
HowdoestheAfDBlendmoney?
Projectloansarethemainfinancinginstrument.Projectlendingin2005amountedto45.6%oftotalapprovals.14
Policy-basedlending(sectorandstructuraladjustmentloans)islesssignificant,accountingforonly12%oftotalapprovalsin2005.Thetrendsuggeststhatthistypeoflendingmaybeontheincreasealongwithanincreaseduseofbudgetsupport.
TheAfDBalsomakesgrants(18.3%oftotalapprovalsin2005).Infrastructurereceivedthelargestshareofgrantapprovals(48.5%oftotalgrantapprovals),withwaterandsanitationreceivingthelargestshare.
TheAfDBparticipatesintheWorldBankandIMF’sdebtreliefoperations(22.2%oftotalapprovalsin2005)withintheframeworkoftheHIPCinitiative.
Guaranteesandequityfinance(accountfortheremaining1.8%ofapprovalsin2005).TheAfDBdirectlyinvestsinprivatesectorfirmsbypurchasingequity(stocksanddebentures)inprivately-ownedcompanies,withanemphasisoncompaniesinthefinancialsector,andonpublicsectorcompaniesthatareintheprocessofbeingprivatised.TheAfDB’spolicyprohibitstheGroupfromowningmorethan25%ofanyspecificcompany.15
Technical assistance
“Beyondourroleasachannelofdevelopmentfinancing,thereisanothercriticalcontributionwhichourcountriesdesperatelyneed–andthatisnotresources,butpolicyadvicesupportonhowbesttodothings”
OpeningstatementbyDonaldKaberukaattheAfDBinauguralannualeconomicconference,November2006
13 SeespeechbyDonaldKaberukaattheADFMid-termReview,December200614 AfricandevelopmentBankGroupAnnualreport2005http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/
ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/FINANCIALINFORMATION/ANNUALREPORT2005_FULLVERSION_ENGLISH.PDF
15 Ibid
14 The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector
Technical assistance grants are provided by the ADF. These grants support the design, development and implementation of projects and programmes. Technical assistance grants are also available for the strengthening of national institutions and regional agencies. A Project Preparation Facility also provides reimbursable resources for feasibility studies, baseline data surveys, environmental impact assessment and other preparatory activities.
In 2006 the AfDB approved the establishment of the Office of the Chief Economist to develop the AfDB’s statistical and analytical capabilities, and to support economists in the AfDB including sector specialists. The Office is also responsible for developing a network of development economists and practitioners with the aim of supporting policy evolution in member countries.
What terms and conditions are attached to loans?
Disbursement of loans is usually made in several tranches over an agreed disbursement period and is contingent on the fulfilment of conditions specified in the loan agreement.
Loans from the AfDB
The AfDB provides loans at non-concessional rates. Repayment of public sector loans takes place over a maximum of 20 years (including a grace period not exceeding five years). Private sector loans normally have a shorter repayment period.
Loans from the ADF
No interest is charged on ADF loans but there are small service charges on outstanding balances. Project loans have a 50 year repayment period with a maximum of five years grace.
What is the AfDB’s current funding strategy?
“Resource allocation has been opaque, narrowly incremental, and driven by the pipeline rather than future strategic objectives and priorities.”
Donald Kaberuka, Statement at the ADF X Mid-Term Review, December 2006
In May 1999, the Board of Governors adopted the ‘Vision of the AfDB: A Re-Invigorated Bank: an Agenda for Moving Forward’. This Vision sets out the ambitions of the AfDB. The Millennium Development Goals, which have been endorsed by African leaders, also provide a basic framework for the AfDB’s development activities.
The AfDB’s 2003-2007 strategy states that the AfDB Group will give priority to agriculture and rural development, with special emphasis on water and sanitation initiatives in rural and peri-urban areas and to human capital development through primary education and basic health services.
A high level panel co-presided by former President Joachim Chissano of Mozambique and former Prime Minister Paul Martin of Canada, is currently developing a new strategic plan for the AfDB. The Panel, which is independent, consulted widely with stakeholders and produced an interim report at the AfDB’s annual meetings in May 2007.
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 15
Chapter5 How is the AfDB involved in water and sanitation?
“WearetryingtohelpAfricaclosethegaps[…]–thecredibilitygapbutalsothegapininfrastructure,becausebetterinfrastructureiscritical.Inthisregard,theAfDBhasputanemphasisonroadbuildingandonprovidingaccesstowaterforruralpeopleacrossthecontinent”
DonaldKaberuka,June200616
Byend2006,theAfDBhadcommittedmorethanUS$4billiontowatersupplyandsanitation,representingabout7.7%oftotalBankapprovalssince1967.ThenumberofwatersectoroperationsandtheassociatedfinancingoverthelastfiveyearshaveincreasedincomparisontoothersectorsfinancedbytheAfDB.
TheAfDB’sStrategicPlanforthe2003-2007periodplacesemphasisonimprovedwaterandsanitationservicesinruralandperi-urbanareas.Overrecentyears,theAfDBhastakentheresponsibilityfordevelopingseveralregionalwaterinitiatives,mostnotablytheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI);theAfricanWaterFacility(AWF)andtheNEPADWaterandSanitationProgramme;aswellasestablishingtheWaterPartnershipProgramme(WPP)withdonorpartnerstostrengthenitsowncapacitytopromoteintegratedwatermanagementprinciplesandpractices.
RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI)
TheRWSSIisthelargestandmostimportantoftheAfDB’swaterinitiatives.
• Theaimoftheinitiativeistoprovidesafewaterandbasicsanitationto66%oftheruralpopulationinAfricaby2010,and80%by2015,withthepossibilityofreaching100%coverageby2025
• TheRWSSIseekstoachievethisaimbymobilizingfundsfromarangeofsources;fast-trackingthepreparationandimplementationofnationalWSSprogrammes;encouraginggreatercoordinationwithinthesector;capacitybuildingfordecentralisedGovernment,communities,privatesectorandartisans;andensuringbeneficiaryparticipation
• Thecumulativeinvestmentrequiredtoachieve80%coverageby2015isestimatedtobeUS$14.2billion.Ofthis,US$9.7billionisforprovidingwatersupplyinfrastructureandassociatedinvestments;US$4.4billionisforprovisionofsanitation;andUS$95.5millionisforprogrammepreparationandotherfacilitation
• Theseresourceswillneedtobemobilizedfrominternationalsourcestocoverapproximately80%oftheoverallrequirements–30%throughADFreplenishmentand50%fromotherbilateralandmultilateraldonors–withtheremaining20%financedfromgovernmentresources–15%–andbeneficiaries–5%
16 InterviewwithDonaldKaberuka,June2006http://allafrica.com/stories/200606120096.html
16 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Implementationwilltakeplaceinthreephases:Thefirstphase(2004-2007)isestimatedatacostofUS$4.6billion;thesecondphase(2008-2010)isestimatedatUS$4.2billion;andthethirdphase(2011-2015)isestimatedatUS$5.4billion.
Since2003,theAfDBhasapproved13RWSSIprogrammesandprojectsforatotalfinancingofUS$546million(2003:38million;2004:35million;2005:233million;and2006:240million).ItisexpectedtoreachaboutUS$760millionbyend2007for19RWSSIprogrammesandprojects.
US$4.5billionwasrequiredfromallstakeholders(AfDB,donors,Governmentsandcommunities)tosupportthefirstphaseofRWSSIin18countries.Thistargetwillbereachedintermsofnumberofcountries,butnotintermoffinancing.KeydonorstoRWSSIarethosecontributingtotheADFreplenishments.Inaddition,Denmark,FranceandtheNetherlandsareprovidingearmarkedsupportthroughamulti-donortrustfund.
Atthetimeofwriting,thethreedonorcountrieshadprovidedgrantstotallingUS$90million(US$40millionfromFrance,DKK230millionfromDenmarkandUS$25.5millionfromtheNetherlands).Anumberofdonorpartners,includingFINIDA,DANIDA,DFID,theGovernmentsofFranceandtheNetherlandsaresupportingtheinitiativethroughtheprovisionofTechnicalassistants.
Thereare13benefitingcountriestodate:Mali,Rwanda,Ghana,Benin,Senegal,Uganda,Madagascar,Ethiopia,Morocco,Chad,Tanzania,Mauritania,Zambia.Projectedbeneficiarycountriesin2007includeNiger,BurkinaFaso,Kenya,Mali(SecondProgramme),MozambiqueandNigeria.
AfricanWaterFacility(AWF)
TheAWFisaninitiativeoftheAfricanMinisters’CouncilforWater(AMCOW)tomobilisefinancialresourcesforwaterresourcedevelopmentinAfrica.TheAWFishostedandmanagedbytheAfDB.AWFfundsareprimarilyusedtofundprogrammesandprojectsconcernedwithwaterresourcemanagementwithalong-termviewtocreatinganenablingenvironmentwhichwillattractgreaterinvestmentinAfrica.
TheAWFisgovernedbyaCouncilofthirteenmembers;fiveareappointedbyAMCOWonasub-regionalbasis,onebytheAfDB,onebytheAfricanUnion,oneappointedbyUNWaterAfrica,fivefromthedonorstotheFacilityandtheDirectoroftheAWF.
Centralandlocalgovernments,municipalities,NGOs,CBOsandregional,sub-regionalandsectoralagenciesarealleligibleforgrantsrangingbetweenm50,000andm5,000,000.FinancingorotherformofassistanceprovidedfromtheAWFissubjecttotheapprovaloftheBoardofDirectorsoftheAfDBforamountsofoverm500,000.
NEPADWaterResourcesManagementProgramme
Atthecontinentallevel,NEPADprovidestheoverarchingframeworkfordirectingeffortstoensurewatersecurityacrossthewholeofAfricathroughwaterresourcedevelopmentandmanagement.TheAfDBhastheresponsibilityofassistingNEPADtoimplementitswaterandsanitationinfrastructuredevelopmentprogram.
NEPADandtheAfDBhavepreparedafive-yearShort-TermActionPlan(STAP)whichincludesthedevelopmentof:
• nationalintegratedwaterresourcesmanagement(IWRM)policies
• mitigationoffloodsanddroughts
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 17
• meetingbasicneeds
• trans-boundarywaterresourcemanagement(TWRM)
TheimplementationofSTAPhasfocusedonsevenriverbasins:theRiversNigerandSenegalinWestAfrica,RiverCongoandLakeChadinCentralAfrica,RiverNileinEastAfrica,andRiversZambeziandOkavangoinSouthernAfrica.
TheAfDBisalsoassistingNEPADintheformulationofthemediumtolong-termstrategicframework(MLTSF)fortheWaterandSanitationInfrastructureProgramme.
InfrastructureConsortiumforAfrica(ICA)
TheICAisamulti-donorinitiativewhichfocusesoninfrastructureforwaterandsanitation,energy,transport,telecommunicationsandurbanareasinSub-SaharanAfrica.Itisnotafinancingagencybutseeksinsteadtoimprovedonorcoordination,raisetheprofileofthesector,buildcapacityandmobilisefinance.ItssecretariatisintheAfDB.Sinceitsestablishmentin2005,ithasinvestedinanalyticalwork,forexample,theAfricaInfrastructureCountryDiagnosticStudy(AICD)andthemediumtolong-termstrategicframework.
18 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Chapter6What is the AfDB project cycle?
AfDBdevelopmentassistanceadoptsaprojectcyclewhichfollowsanumberofstages,similartothatoftheWorldBank.Belowisastep-by-stepguidetotheprojectcycle.
DevelopmentofaCountryStrategyPaper(CSP)
TheCSPcoversaperiodoftwoyearsandisbasedontheprioritiesoftheregionalmembercountry’sPovertyReductionStrategy.CSPssetthedevelopmentandreformagenda,pointtoinvestmentandpolicyprioritiesandsuggesthowresourcesshouldbeallocated.OncetheAfDB’sBoardofDirectorsadoptsacountry’sCSP,theybecomethebasisforAfDBengagementinprojects,studiesandprogrammeagreementswiththatcountry.
Projectidentification
• SubmissionofaspecificprojectrequestbyRMCgovernment
• ConsiderationofthefeasibilityoftheprojectbytheAfDB
• Elaborationofprojectdesign,involvinganexaminationanddetaileddescriptionoftheproject’seconomic,financialandtechnicalrequirementsaswellastheconditionstoensureitssuccess
Projectsthengoforwardinthefollowingstages:
1)Projectpreparation
• Feasibilityandimplementationstudybygovernment
• FieldvisitbyBankstaffandappraisaloftheprojecttoclarifyobjectives,institutionalandorganisationalimplications,technical,economicandfinancialjustification,andenvironmentalandsocialimpact.
• PreparationofaBankappraisalreport,whichconstitutesthebasisonwhichtheAfDBmakesitsdecisiontofinancetheproject.
2)Formalnegotiations
• DiscussionsbetweentheAfDBandthegovernmenttodefinemodalitiesforthedisbursementoftheloans
• Productionofarecordofthemajorpointsraisedduringnegotiations,signedbybothparties,andalegalagreementthatdefinestheprojectandspecifiestheprogrammetomeetitsobjectives
• SubmissionoftheappraisalreporttotheAfDB’sBoardofDirectorswhomaydecidetoapproveorrejecttheprojectorprogramme,orauthoriseanadditionalappraisaltobemade
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 19
3)Projectappraisal
Finalisationofprojectdesign,operationaldetailsandproceduresfullydevelopedandendorsedbyallparties.
4)Projectimplementation
UsuallytheAfDBdoesnotplayadirectrolehere.
5)Projectmonitoringandevaluation
Atpresent,theAnnualProjectPerformanceReview(APPR)servesasthebasisformonitoringperformanceandenablestheAfDBtoidentifyproblematicprojectsandprojectsinneedofmoreintensesupervision.However,theAfDBacknowledgestheneedtodevelopanimprovedperformanceframeworkwithclearandeasilymonitorableindicators.TheAfDBhandbookonstakeholderconsultationandparticipation17recommendsthatprovisionsforparticipatorymonitoring,includingbyprojectbeneficiaries,bebuiltintoprojectdesign,butinpracticethisisnotbeingimplementedconsistently.
6)Projectcompletion
Assessmentofwhethertheprojectobjectiveshavebeenachieved.
7)Portfolioreview
OpportunitytocollectstakeholderfeedbackonBankoperations.
EngagingwiththeAfDBoperations:somequestionsforCSOstoask
1.Whatisthedegreeofinvolvementofsectorpractitioners,endusersandotherdomesticstakeholdersintheprojectdesignstage?
2. Towhatextentaretheproject’sgoals,purposes,andoutputswiththegovernment’sdevelopmentstrategy?
3.WhatformsofparticipationhastheAfDBopenedupintheoversightoftheimplementationandmonitoringphases?
4.Whatlevelsofintegrationdoestheprojecthavewithcentralplanningandfinancingmechanisms?Inotherwords,aretherepredictableandstableformsoffinancenecessaryforrecurrentexpendituresandprojectsustainability?
5.Areloansbeingusedtomeetcapitalexpendituresonly?
6. Intheloancontractionprocess,whateffortsarebeingmadetodisseminateinformationonthevolume,termsandpurposesoflending?
7.Whatpercentageofloanandtotalprojectcostsarereachingbeneficiaries?
8. Towhatextentarecommunityparticipationandbeneficiaryincentivesadequatetomaintaintheprojectbenefitsoverthelongterm?
17 AfricanDevelopmentBank(2001)Handbook on Stakeholder consultation and participation in ADB operationshttp://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F5F73D98F326C243E030A8C0668C7C52
20 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Chapter7 Transparency and accountability
DisclosureofInformationPolicy
TheAfDBdevelopedanewpolicyondisclosureofinformationin2004,whichwasreviewedagainin2005.Themainthrustofthepolicyisto“discloseallinformationonitsoperationsandactivitiesunlesstherearecompellingreasonsnottodoso”.18
Arangeofoperationalinformationistobemadeavailable(seetablebelow)aswellasinformationonenvironmentalandsocialimpactassessments;progressreportsonprojectimplementation;evaluations;informationonprocurementandservices;Bankfinancialinformationandsomeadministrativeandlegalinformation.Notably,therecentreviewmadeavailablesummarydecisionsoftheBoardofDirectors(seethedisclosurepolicyforfulldetails).Informationthatwillnotbedisclosedincluderecordsofinternaldeliberativeprocesses;legaladviceandmattersindispute;internalfinancialinformationthatmayaffectgroupactivitiesincapitalandfinancialmarkets;informationdealingwithinternaladministration.
WhiletheAfDB’spolicyisrecognisedtobeprogressive,inpracticetheDisclosureofInformationPolicyisnotknowntothepublicortocivilsocietyorganisations.
OperationalinformationavailablefromtheAfDB
Typeofinformation Whatdoesittellyou? How/whencanyouaccessit?
Economicandsectorstudies,reviewsandstrategypapers
PubliclyavailableafterconsiderationbytheBoard
CountryStrategyPapers(CSP)
Outlinespriorityareasforbankintervention.
Draftshouldbeavailableaspartofthein-countryconsultationprocess.
CountryGovernanceProfile(CGP)
Assessesgovernanceandmapsotherdonorinterventionsinthisarea
PubliclyavailableafterconsiderationbytheBoard
CountryDialoguePapers(CDP)
InlieuofCSPsforcountriesinchronicarrearsorinnon-accrualstatus(arrearsofsixmonthsormore);servesasabasisfordialoguetoaccelerateresumptionofBankoperations
PubliclyavailableafterBoardapproval
18 TheAfDBGroupPolicyonDisclosureofInformation,October2005http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/18605BE4282F0594E040C00A0C3D1115
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 21
Policybasedloandocuments(afterBoardapproval)
Documentsrelatingtoquick-disbursingfundsforpolicyandinstitutionalreform.
Publiclyavailableafterapprovaloftheloan.
CountryPerformanceAssessment(CPA)
Madeupoftwoparts,theCountryPolicyandInstitutionalAssessment(CPIA)andtheCountryPortfolioRating(CPR).
TheoverallCPAisavailableontheAfDBwebsitealongwiththeCPRandtheCPIAquestionnaire.
HIPC-relateddocuments
ProvidesinformationonamountofHIPCdebtreliefacountryisentitlestoaswellastheplantofinancethebalanceoftheAfDBgroup’sshare.
DocumentsavailableafterBoardreviewunlessthecountryconcernedobjects.
ProspectiveProjectBrief(PPB)
Makesprojectinformationavailablewhileaprojectisstillunderpreparationandsubjecttochange.
Publicdisclosureonlyafterconsultationwithcountrygovernmentconcerned.
ProjectAppraisalReports(PAR)
DescribestheprojectaswellastheAfDB’sassessmentofthefeasibilityofandjustificationfortheproject.
PubliclyavailableafterBoardapproval.
OperationsPolicyPapers
Includessectoralpolicypapersandguidelines.
AvailableonrequestthroughthePublicInformationCentre(PIC),fieldofficesandthewebsitewithin2weeksofapprovalbytheBoardofdirectors.Draftpolicypaperswillbeavailableonthewebsite50dayspriortoBoardapproval.
Waysofaccessinginformation
TheAfDBhasrecentlyoverhauleditswebsite,makingiteasiertoaccessawiderrangeofinformationonBankoperationsandprojects.Althoughthisiscommendable,itshouldbenotedthatmanyAfricanorganisationsdonothavereliableaccesstotheinternet.
Thewebsiteprovidesasearchfacilitywhichallowsyoutoaccessdetailsofprojectsbycountry,alongwitharecordofloanandgrantapprovalsorganisedbyyear,sector,andlendinginstrument.ThecountrypagesalsoprovidelinkstoProjectAppraisalReports,CountryStrategyPapers,tenders,newsandevents.MostinformationontheAfDBwebsiteisavailableinbothFrenchandEnglish.
Forthosewhohavefurtherenquiries,thereisaPublicInformationCentre(PIC)locatedattheAfDBheadquartersinTunis.ThePICisthereferencepointforthoseseekinginformationontheAfDB’soperationsandactivities,althoughasdecentralisationgets
22 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
underway,informationonnationalprogrammesmaybemoreeasilyavailablefromcountryoffices.Whenrequestingprojectdocumentation,itisbesttobeasspecificaspossibleandwhenpossible,toaskfordocumentsbyname.Afeemaybechargedforsomepublications.TheAfDBwebsiteprovidescontactdetailsforthePICandcountryoffices.
In2005,theGlobalTransparencyInitiative(GTI)conductedresearchtotestthedisclosurepoliciesofanumberofInternationalFinancialInstitutions(IFIs).TheymaderequestsforminutesofBoardmeetings,thecurrentCSPforSouthAfricaandforinformationregardingtheconsultationprocessforanewCSPthatwasabouttobedeveloped.
AfterbeingadvisedwheretoaddressrequestsforinformationbyamemberofstaffinTunis,therequestswentcompletelyunacknowledged.GTIwastoldthattheOfficeofthePresidentincountrywouldbeabletoprovidetheinformation.Thisprovedtobeuntrue.19
HowistheAfDBheldtoaccountfortheimpactofitspolicies?
In2004,theAfDBestablishedanIndependentReviewMechanism(IRM)whichissimilartoaccountabilitymechanismsfoundatotherIFIs(forexample,theWorldBank’sInspectionPanel).ThestatedpurposeoftheIRMis“toreceiverequestsfrompersonsadverselyaffectedbyaprojectfinancedbyaBankGroupentity.”TheIRMwillreceivesuchrequestsfromtwoormorepeoplewhocandemonstratethattheirrightsorinterestshavebeennegativelyaffectedbytheAfDB’sfailuretocomplywithitsownoperationalpoliciesandprocedures.
TheIRMconsistsofaComplianceReviewandMediationUnit(CRMU)andaRosterofExperts.TheCRMUisaunitwithintheAfDBthatdeterminestheeligibilityofarequest,managestheprocessandcarriesout‘problemsolving’.TheCRMUmayalsorecommendremedialactionbywayofaComplianceReview.IfapprovedbytheBoardofDirectors,externalexperts(remuneratedbytheAfDB)willinvestigatetheAfDB’spolicycomplianceintheprojectandsubmitfindingsandrecommendationstotheBoard.Theoverallprocedureislengthyanditisnotclearwhethercompensationisavailabletothosewhoserequestisjudgedtoberightful.
CivilsocietyandtheAfDB
Cooperationwithcivilsocietyisstillweak.TheAfDBpublisheditspolicyandguidelinesoncooperationwithcivilsocietyorganisationsin1999.20Thepolicyissaidto‘reflectBankcommitmenttoseekeffectivecollaborationwithselectedpartsofAfrica’scivilsociety’.ThedocumentsetsoutwaysinwhichCSOscanengagebothinpolicyformulationandinoperations.Atthecountrylevel,CSOsmayonlyparticipateinoperations“aftertheconsentoftheRMCgovernment,atleastona‘no-objection’basis”.InadditiontheAfDBhasitsown‘CSOeligibilitycriteria’,whichareadapteddependingonthecontextofeachprojectandprogramme.
19 IDASAandtheGlobalTransparencyInitiative(2006),Behind Closed Doors: Secrecy in International Financial Institutions, editedbyCatherineMusuva
20 AfricanDevelopmentBank(2001),Cooperation with Civil Society Organisations, Policy and Guidelines http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F878940A108BFECCE030C00A0C3D15DE
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 23
Civil society concerns with the AfDB
• ItisfeltthattheAfDBisheavilyinfluencedbythemorepowerfulinternationalfinancialinstitutions.ThemajorityofAfricanmembershavelimitedcapacitytocontributefinancially.RelianceoncontributionsfromnonAfricanmembersmeansAfricacedingameasureofpoliticalcontrol.Asaresult,theAfDBfacesresourceuncertaintiesandpossiblesabotagebythosethatwouldbethreatenedbyahighprofileBank
• InformationabouttheAfDB’soperationsisnoteasilyaccessible.AlthoughtheAfDBhasrecentlyupdateditswebsite,thisinformationisnotpracticallyaccessibletothemajorityofAfricanCSOswithoutaccesstotheinternet
• ThereislimitedawarenessoftheAfDB’soperations,activities,policies,programmesandproceduresamongthelocalgroupsmostaffectedbythem.Thatsaid,theresponsibilityforkeepingcivilsocietyinformeddoesnotliewiththeAfDBalone,butalsowithmembergovernments
• LimitedunderstandingorconfidenceinCSOsandlimitedeffortstoincreaseengagement
WhatarethemechanismsforNGOengagement?
ItisunclearwhatmechanismshavebeenputinplacetoprovidefortheparticipationofcivilsocietyandNGOsintheprojectandprogrammeprocesses.SomecivilsocietyorganisationsandNGOsareregisteredwiththeAfDBatitsheadquarters.However,AfricanCSOsandNGOshavestruggledtomeettheAfDB’scriteriaforparticipationinBankfundedprojectsandprogrammes.
TheAfDB’sEnvironmentalandSustainableDevelopmentUnitisresponsibleforthecoordinationanddevelopmentofitsoverallrelationshipwithNGOs.ThisunitworkscloselywiththeoperationsdepartmentsoftheAfDBtoensurethatNGOviewsaretakenintoaccountinselectedBankoperationsandinpolicydialoguewithRMCs.WiththedecentralisationoftheAfDB’soperations,thereismorescopeforCSOengagementatthecountrylevel.However,thisrelationshipisoverseenandlimitedbygovernments.Effortstoinvolvestakeholdersin,forexample,thedevelopmentofCountryStrategyPapers,hassofarbeenincidental.
AfDB/CSOs Permanent Committee
Thecommitteewasestablishedin1996andwassupposedtomeeteveryyearbutthishasnotbeenthecase.
• ThiscommitteewaschairedbyAfDBRepresentativeandarepresentativeofAfricanCSOsandtherearetworepresentativesfromeachsub-regioninAfrica
• Discussionshavenothadaclearfocus.Thecommitteewasmeanttomeettodiscusskeyissuesindevelopmentthatfacethecontinent
• EngagingCSOsandNGOsinPolicymakingwasconsideredtobeoneofthemainobjectivesofthecommittee,butithasnotbeenachievedbecauseofpoorinterdepartmentalcoordinationwithintheAfDB
• ThecommitteeexpressedanintentiontoinvolvelocalNGOsinthemonitoringandevaluationprocess,butthishasnothappenedbecauseofAfDBrulesandlegislation
24 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
Annual meetings
TheAfDBannualmeetingsareheldinmidtolateMayeachyear.ThemeetingsmaybeavenuethroughwhichcivilsocietyorganisationscanexertinfluenceonBankmanagementandpolicies,althoughthishasnotbeenthecasesofar.Themeetingstaketheformofaministerialroundtablefollowedbyaseriesofseminars.
TheAfDBhasalsoorganisedaWaterWeekinthepast(2004).ThiseventbringstogetherAfDBwaterstaff,aswellasinvitedexternalstakeholders,includingclients,donororganisations,NGOs,andprivatesectorrepresentatives.
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 25
Annex Useful contact details
HeadquartersRueJosephAnoma01BP1387Abidjan01Coted’IvoireTel:(225)20204444Fax:(225)20204943Contact:Mr.N.SANGBE,OfficialRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
TemporaryRelocationAgencyAngledestroisrues:AvenueduGhana,RuePierredeCoubertin,RueHediNouiraBP.3231002TunisBelvedèreTunisiaTel:(216)71333511/71103450Fax:(216)71351933Email:[email protected]
Fieldoffices
BurkinaFasoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaleduBurkinaFaso(BFFO)ImmeubleAdministratifetTechniquedel’ARTEL(AutoritéNationaledeRégulationdesTélecommunications)5èmeEtageOuagadougouBurkinaFasoTel:(226)50375750/51/53Fax:(226)50375749Contact:Mrs.AntoinetteDINGA-DZONDO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
CameroonGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduCameroun(CMFO)ImmeubleNo1067bisRue1750NouvelleRouteBastosYaoundéCamerounTel:(237)5520354Fax:(237)2200796/0799Contact:Mr.GilbertGALIBAKA,OfficerinChargeEmail:[email protected]
26 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
ChadGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduTchad(TDFO)ImmeubleBCC2emeetageAvenueCharlesdeGaulleBP193N’DjamenaTchadContact:Mr.PascalD.BITOUMBOU,ResidentRepresentativeTel:(235)524679,(235)524312/523311Fax:(235)524397Email:[email protected]
DemocraticRepublicofCongoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduR.D.Congo(CDFO)ImmeubledelaBCDC(BanquedeCommerceduCongo)Boulevarddu30Juin–KinshasaNRCKinshasa340KINSHASAIRépubliqueDémocratiqueduCongoTel:(243)0815705989Contact:Mr.MedjomoCOULIBALY,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]
EgyptAfDBGroupEgyptCountryOffice(EGFO)1Al-GazayerSquare1stFloor,NewMaadiCairoEgyptTel:(202)5160906Fax:(202)5160868Contact:Mr.O.AW,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
EthiopiaAfDBGroupEthiopiaCountryOffice(ETFO)SEVITABuilding,7thFloorAfricaAvenue(closetoAddisAbabaInternationalAirport)P.O.Box25543Code1000AddisAbabaEthiopiaTel:(251)1627741Fax:(251)1627742Contact:LucyFYE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 27
GabonGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduGabon(GAFO)ImmeubleSaintGeorgesQuartierKalikakB.P.4075LibrevilleGabonTel:(241)768576/+241768579Fax:(241)768577Contact:MrBassaryTOURE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
GhanaAfDBGroupGhanaCountryOffice(GHFO)HeritageTower7thFloorAccraGhanaTel:(233)21662840,(233)21662818Fax:(233)21662855Contact:Mr.AlieuJENG,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
Guinea-BissauAfDBGroupGuinea-BissauNationalProgrammeOffice(NPO)BissauGuinea-BissauContact:Mr.AnsumaneMANE,NationalProgrammeCoordinator
KenyaAfDBGroupKenyaCountryOffice(KEFO)11thFloor,LandmarkPlazaArgwingsKodhekRoadUpperHillNairobiKenyaCellNo:(254)721940557Contact:Mrs.DominaBUZINGO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
28 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
MadagascarGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaldeMadagascar(MGFO)ImmeublePleinCiel,9èmeétageAnkorondranoRueRavoninahitriniarivoAntananarivoMadagascarTel:(261)(0)320461418Fax:(261)202264232Contact:Mr.NadjirSAFIR,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
MalawiAfDBGroupMalawiCountryOffice(MWFO)2ndFloor,Kang’ombeHouseBox30732CityCentreLilongweMalawiTel:(+265)01774460-62/64Fax:(+265)01774469Contact:MrFrankKUFAKWANDI,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
MaliGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaldeBamako(MLFO)ImmeubleInvestimBâtimentBEx-BaseAérienne(QuartierduFleuve)BP2950BamakoMaliTel:(223)6973989Ext:6050-6099Contact:Mr.ThizierSEYA,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
MoroccoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduMaroc(MAFO)Immeuble“EspaceslesLauriers”1erEtageAngledesavenuesAnnakhiletMehdiBenBarkaHayRiadRabatMarocTel:(212)37565937/37713826/27Fax:(212)37565935Contact:M.MATONDO-FUNDANI,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]
TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 29
MozambiqueAfDBGroupMozambiqueRegionalOffice(MZFO)JAT4Building25SeptemberAvenueMaputoMozambiqueTel:(258)21326409or(258)823945374or(258)823025980Contact:Ms.AliceHAMER,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
NigeriaAfDBGroupNigeriaCountryOffice(NGFO)Plot813LakeChadCrescentMaitamaDistrictAbujaNigeriaTel:(234)94133261/262,(234)96721738/738Fax:(234)94133260/13219563851
RwandaGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduRwanda(RWFO)ImmeubleBCDI8AvenuedelaPaixBP7329KigaliRwandaTel:(250)504297/Secretariat:+(250)504298Mobile:(250)08308701Contact:Mr.JacobDikoMUKETE,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]
SenegalGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduSénégal(SNFO)Appartements3,4,et5RésidenceRokhayaRouteHotelMéridienPrésidentLesAlmadiesDakarSénégalTel:(221)5276686Ext:3821-3826Contact:M.MohamedH’MIDOUCHE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
30 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector
SierraLeoneAfDBGroupSierraLeoneCountryOffice(SLFO)BishopBuildingNo13LaminaSankohStreetFreetownSierraLeoneMobile:23276572828Contact:Mrs.MargaretKILO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
TanzaniaAfDBGroupTanzaniaCountryOffice(TZFO)InternationalHouse,5thFloorGardenAve,P.O.Box6024DarEsSalaamTanzaniaTel:(255)222125281/2(office),(255)222125286(Direct)Fax:(225)222125283Contact:Mrs.SiphoMOYO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
UgandaAfDBGroupUgandaCountryOffice(UGFO)14thFloorCrestedTowersBuildingHanningtonRoadP.O.Box28509KampalaUgandaTel:(256-41)236166/(+256-41)236167Fax:(256-41)234011Contact:Mr.M.A.OJELADE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
ZambiaAfDBGroupZambiaCountryOffice(ZMFO)ABCPyramidPlazaChurchRoadandNasserRoadCathedralHillPOBox51449RidgewayLusakaZambiaTel:(260)1254613Mobile:(260)096643626Fax:(260)1251415or1250114Contact:Mrs.VivienneAPOPO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]
African Civil Society Network on Water and Sanitation (ANEW)
c/o Maji na Ufanisi
Theta Lane, off Lenana Rd, Hurlingham, Nairobi, Kenya
PO Box 58684-00200
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel + 254-20-2727107/8
Fax + 254-20-2726332
www.freshwateraction.net/anew
Freshwater Action Network (FAN)
2nd Floor
47-49 Durham Street
London
SE11 5JD, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 20 7793 4522/4509
Fax: +44 20 7793 4545
www.freshwateraction.net
WaterAid
2nd Floor
47-49 Durham Street
London
SE11 5JD, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 207 793 4500
Fax: +44 20 7793 4545
www.wateraid.org
All three charities are registered no.288701