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African MusicAfrican Music
West African MusicWest African Music
Founded on the Founded on the oral oral traditiontradition so has no so has no musical notationmusical notation
Passed on through Passed on through the generations by the generations by GriotGriot
Griot – storyteller, Griot – storyteller, poets, a wandering poets, a wandering musician musician
African DrummingAfrican Drumming
Watch videoWatch video Look out for the Look out for the different instrumentsdifferent instruments
and and elementselements in the music in the music
The InstrumentsThe Instruments
The DjembeThe Djembe
The most common drum The most common drum and and intergralintergral part of part of West African musicWest African music
the name the name comescomes from from the saying "Anke dje, the saying "Anke dje, anke be" which anke be" which translates to translates to "everyone "everyone gather together"gather together"
Now Now used in many types used in many types of musicof music around the around the world – latin, fusionworld – latin, fusion
Sounds on the djembeSounds on the djembe
BassBass - - Striking the skin with the palm and Striking the skin with the palm and fingers toward the drum's centre produces fingers toward the drum's centre produces a bass notea bass note
SlapSlap ToneTone
– SStriking the skin near the rim (with the fleshy triking the skin near the rim (with the fleshy part of the palm just above the rim) produces part of the palm just above the rim) produces the tone and slapthe tone and slap
– Striking the tone like its a hot pan. Beginners Striking the tone like its a hot pan. Beginners may think of the tone and slap as fingers may think of the tone and slap as fingers "together" and "apart.""together" and "apart."
The DundunsThe Dunduns
Double headed drumDouble headed drum Very important in providing the Very important in providing the foundationfoundation for the for the
musicmusic The The traditional styletraditional style has each player using a single has each player using a single
drum resting on its side, either on the floor or on a drum resting on its side, either on the floor or on a stand, and striking the head with one stick and a bell stand, and striking the head with one stick and a bell mounted on top with the other mounted on top with the other
For the other style, known as For the other style, known as ballet styleballet style as it is used as it is used in the National Ballets, one player has command of in the National Ballets, one player has command of the three dununs standing on the floor. the three dununs standing on the floor.
A A melodymelody is created across the interplay of the three is created across the interplay of the three dununsdununs
The DundunsThe Dunduns
ComponentsComponents
ComponentsComponents
SoloSolo – performed by the – performed by the master drummer on the master drummer on the djembedjembe
AccompanimentAccompaniment – – performed by a group of performed by a group of djembe playersdjembe players
DundunDundun DancingDancing Percussion rattlePercussion rattle or or
agogo bellsagogo bells
The Master DrummerThe Master Drummer
Takes Takes many yearsmany years to become a to become a Master DrummerMaster Drummer
The master drummer The master drummer directsdirects the the whole performance and signals whole performance and signals to the other players when to to the other players when to start or change accompaniment start or change accompaniment by by rhythmical cuesrhythmical cues
Signals to other players to take Signals to other players to take on the soloon the solo
Watches the feet of the Watches the feet of the dancersdancers and responds accordinglyand responds accordingly
Controls the changes to make Controls the changes to make sure the music is always sure the music is always interestinginteresting
Main featuresMain features
Call and responseCall and response PolyrhythmsPolyrhythms – the complex rhythms – the complex rhythms
played by the drummers that interweave played by the drummers that interweave with each other and with the rhythm with each other and with the rhythm played by the dundunsplayed by the dunduns
The music usually increases in The music usually increases in tensiontension as as the piece progresses the piece progresses
The The tempo and dynamicstempo and dynamics vary from vary from section to section to provide interest and section to section to provide interest and varietyvariety
KukuKuku
Kuku is a popular rhythm played at all kinds Kuku is a popular rhythm played at all kinds of festivals, including full moon of festivals, including full moon celebrations. celebrations.
Kuku is a women's dance performed in a Kuku is a women's dance performed in a circle.circle.andand played when the women came back played when the women came back from fishing. They would take their fishing from fishing. They would take their fishing tools and dance.tools and dance.
http://tontinkan.net/en/rhythm8.htmhttp://tontinkan.net/en/rhythm8.htm
http://www.african-drumming.com/my_music.htm