After-Unit Review Notes on Patterns Observed. Complex Adaptive Systems. Unit Review – Complex Adaptive Systems. Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries. Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries. Infrastructure (framework) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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[email protected], attributed copies permitted Rick Dove Industry Professor School of Systems and Enterprises Stevens Institute of Technology, USA ES/SDOE 683 ES/SDOE 683 Self Organizing Agile Systems and Self Organizing Agile Systems and Enterprises Enterprises Architectural Patterns Enabling Self Organizing Systems Architectural Patterns Enabling Self Organizing Systems of Systems of Systems After-Unit Review Notes on Patterns Observed After-Unit Review Notes on Patterns Observed
ES/SDOE 683ES/SDOE 683Self Organizing Agile Systems and EnterprisesSelf Organizing Agile Systems and EnterprisesArchitectural Patterns Enabling Self Organizing Systems of SystemsArchitectural Patterns Enabling Self Organizing Systems of Systems
After-Unit Review Notes on Patterns ObservedAfter-Unit Review Notes on Patterns Observed
Unit 02 Review – Complex Adaptive SystemsPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries; Protocols
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• Substrate enables/constrains behavior - (Lattice used in experiment)• Fitness Engine• Protocols and assembly rules of the knot, common currencies
• Limited set of modules
• Exogenous vs endogenous fitness functions• Exploration VS exploitation• Time VS breadth of exploration
• GA as search/evolutionary pattern• Bow Tie Architecture
• Diversity of population is required• If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it
Unit 03 Review – Agility Class 1 and 2• Dependencies between XP practices• Tightly coupled practices form an invariant infrastructure• Generative rules
• Genes
• Tight Coupling Efficiency VS Lose Coupling Flexibility• Exploration VS Exploitation• Vertical VS Horizontal Transmission
• ?
• Practices to be replaced need be replaced by similar scale practices
• Network Analysis• Mutations
• ?
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries; Protocols
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• Requirements don’t stop changing when you deliver
• Catalysts as resources
• Centralized/Decentralized
• Class 1 & Class 2 agile system pattern• Decentralized network pattern a la Starfish/Spider • Strength/weakness network types• Graphical pattern of key elements for agile systems
• RRS 10 principles• Class 2 demands information to trigger response• Class 2 agents are selfish motivated• SoS must evolve to survive
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
Unit 04 Review – Multi-Agent Systems• Communication protocol• Rules of engagement (rate of contact)• Contact-rate pattern determine task allocation
• Ants are expendable modules, module pools are task types
• Organization VS Individual • Fine grained (exploration) VS • Peer pressure VS Diversity of expression course grained (exploitation) agents• Rate of contact of mixed task allocation types
• Environmental-change reaction • All ants in same “family” promotes cooperation• S-curve population • Subsumption architecture• Peer pressure • Wisdom of the Crowds (diversity of information)• Highly haphazard individual ants = lots of errors but statistical global behavior
• One queen per colony • Affects (environment change) based action• Hierarchy of task change • Autocatalysis, coupled processes,
provides • Mating happens across colonies benefit to someone outside the system
• Hydro-carbon communication chemicals, nest
• Is there an S-curve relationship to a network type? (look into neural nets for clues)• What does the 50% ant reserve mean?• Task switching hierarchy relationship to Mazlow’s priorities.
Unit 05 Review – HIT/UPAN SystemsPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• Presence of cheating assumed and countered systemically• Systemic exploration and verification of discovery• Methods for moving to new ground to explore• Energy to sustain reaction
• Participants• Catalysts
• Quantity VS Quality of participating• Privacy VS Utility• Horizontal VS vertical information learning; peer VS authoritative learning & knowledge
• Systemic verification through paired confirmation: two independent people agree, two part validation with known truth indicating likely truth
• Asymmetric and symmetric patterns• Fractal reflective architecture pattern of natural laws
• Reward as a motivator • Tipping point of beginning of Autocatalytic phase• Large number of participants• Participation adds value• Cooperative behavior independent of ultimate goal
• Statistical verification• Wisdom of the Crowds, aggregation• Repetition for verification
• Invisible symbiotic relationship• Hierarchical replication – one generation enables the next• Consider reputation/bragging as a catalyst to cause Linux involvement• Think environment as catalyst
Unit 06 Review – Open Community SystemsPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• Governance (rules) and common ethics• Mode of operation (communication method)• Intuitive tools to support the effort• Easy access to Body of Knowledge• Infrastructure that enables individual participation (no group needed)
• Agents and innovative ideas?• Self learning collaboratively (interaction)
• Risk vs reward• Sweet spot between order and chaos• Top down vs bottom up• Static vs evolving governance
• Self policing/correction• Aging pattern of governance is observed often• Enable engagement with an infrastructure that leverages
the innovation and handles all the support requirements• Quantity of participants is important• Autocatalysis requires critical mass• Self imposed ethics and rules • Participants feel direct value for effort invested• Loose organization allows plausible deniability• Encouragement is important
• Authority figure can too-strongly influence behavior• Open to anyone, low barrier to entry• Meritocracy• Asynchronous interaction enabled• Local decisions allow custom-appropriate actions & reactions• Easy access to knowledgE
Infrastructure
(active/passive)
Resources
(modules)
Forces in Tension
Patterns
Principles
Tools
OtherNoteworthy
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• Governance evolves• Android platform for distributed app developers• Governance rules need to have some constraints
• Top down vs bottom up
• Scale free network• Hubs of strength influence local
network development, weak ties with other nodes adds value
• Crash can come quick, build up takes time• Dean, Occupy, and Al-Q have loose structure in common• Behavior emerges, situations that have to be dealt with emerge unexpectedly
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
Unit 07 Review – Systems of Systems• Common language
• ?
• Skills vs Morals?• Order vs chaos: size of patch size• Individual vs groups benefit
• Tit-for tat• Patch theory (decentralized)• Feed and protect
• Understand your adversary• Security & consumed energy of agents is key before greater motivations can be valued• Evolution is directed to more for less (lowering the friction)
• ?
• ?
Infrastructure
(active/passive)
Resources
(modules)
Forces in Tension
Patterns
Principles
Tools
OtherNoteworthy
• Strong and weak link balance• Co evolution ecology• Simulated annealing
• Strong and weak link balance• Survivability vs productivity• More vs less
• Generative framework (the boundary establishment)• Evolving environment• Real world
• personnel and small groups• rewards• systems
• emergent behavior• tension between aberrant behavior & • requisite variety• aggression vs going along
• randomness• critical mass point (phase change)• Liveness
• digital & human trust in autonomous sys• collective action• open company principles• statistical distributions
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs• Org behavior in general• flexibility/adaptability/composability• DODAF and SysML• consider UxV providing info about why it is doing whatever ….?• meth and metrics for swarm assessment• cognitive assessment frameworks and metrics
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Forces in tension; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
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Unit Review – Systems of Systems
• perception and misperceptions• learning systems• learning/teaching
• Starkermann’s work• Simulation & VR• real world (as a testbed tool)
• validation over verification• MOE over MOP• situated in real world• system as organisim rather than
• Elements/agents can play multiple roles at different times
• Top down / bottom up regulation• Collective wisdom / leadership• imperfect agents can result in an effective system
• Swarm converge/diverge• Systems/networks age/evolve over time• Common vale/enemy unifies a SoS• Agent population size affects behavior
• Self Awareness in SO-SoS is desired• Incentivies as a motivator for behavior• Leadership in SoS is better than consensus• 4 principles of system self awareness
• Agent-based modeling• Control theory• Maslov’s hierarchy
• An SoS can be partially self organizing• No individual behaviors predictable but collective behavior is• Effectiveness not predicated on efficiency
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Forces in tension; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• Common value/enemy unifies a SoS• Maslov’s hierarchy• Information enables desired activity
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
Unit 08 Review – Network Systems• Network protocols• Dendrites and synapse
• Nodes /agents and connections• Behavioral scripts
• Realistic vs simplistic understanding• Conflicting perspectives• Connectivity vs isolation• External vs internal control
• Scale free, small world, Random network patterns• Neural network• Learning as adaptive behavior• Self aware/heeling behavior to obtain a role in participation
• All models are wrong but some are useful• Simple rules can result in complex behavior• Central strong nodes are a vulnerability• Self awareness and self healing• Recognition and evaluation of peer behavior• Actionable evaluations
• Model• Network model is a potential tool for depicting the vulnerabilities of a system to be intervened in• New model of cortical process
• Sense making in big data is a frontier activity• Money talks (faster commercial accomplishment) while academia walks (slower)
Infrastructure
(active/passive)
Resources
(modules)
Forces in Tension
Patterns
Principles
Tools
OtherNoteworthy
• You can understand high level behavior w/o understanding low level mechanisms• Biology is a useful model source• Simple rule set and large combination produce complex outcomes• Prediction is the fundamental security mechanism/goal• Time at different granularity at different levels
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• Complexity vs simplicity• Performance vs stability (on the boundary)• Model simplicity vs sufficiency• Uselessness vs usefulness (neuron boosting its participation)
• Learning encoded in the network• Fractal vertical & horizontal
Unit 09 Review – Evolutionary SystemsPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Trade offs; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations
• ?
• Unforgotten prior usefulness may lie dormant and become valuable for future use (no refactoring is done)
• Robustness vs adaptability• Constraints created by two different interacting systems
• Horizontal gene transfer• Patterns of evolution (6) Repetition, repetition with variation, symmetry, imperfect symmetry, elaborated regularity,
preservation of regularity• The infinite game (concept)• Codependency (of 2 SoS) (enabling and constraining)
• Robustness achievable through redundancy and distributed alternative mechanisms• Tendency toward complexity – directed evolution• SoSes (may) exhibit a tendency toward complexity as they evolve• SoSes beget SoSes
• ?
• Positive or negative interpretations are situation/environment dependent• Lossless evolution
• Memory + dynamic action as evolutionary mechanism• Governance• Feedback (positive and negative)
• Spore• Mathematica• Game of life
• Uncertainty
Plug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundariesPlug and Play enablers/constrainers; Rules that set behavior boundaries
Drag and drop elements; The stuff that gets mobilized
Forces in tension; Yin/Yang; Good/Bad;
Seen again…differently; What might we abstract for re-use; Possible “pattern language” metaphors
Guide lines; Values; Domain independent concepts
Things we can employ to solve problems, develop conclusions, shape inquiry, analyze situations• Gaming VR as training mechanism• Forecasting a la what’s his name
