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Afterschool Programs
That Reflect the Learning in Afterschool & Summer
Learning Principles
By Sam Piha, Rozel Cruz, and Laura Karosic, Temescal Associates !
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Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to describe the practices of actual afterschool programs that
exemplify the learning principles promoted by the Learning in Afterschool project (LIA).
Below we offer some background and a full description of the Learning in Afterschool project
and its five learning principles that should define quality afterschool programming.
We follow this with a brief description of several afterschool programs and their practices
that align with the LIA learning principles. In the appendix, readers can find, among other
things, a full profile of these programs, perceived value of these practices and evidence of
their effectiveness, and what program leaders believe are needed to implement these
practices and program components. For more information on the LIAS project, go to
www.learninginafterschool.org. !
Background on the Afterschool Movement
In the years since the publication of the Carnegie study, A Matter of Time (1992), we have
seen a huge expansion in the funding of afterschool programs. This is due to a consensus
among policymakers and voters that afterschool programs are an essential contributor to
reducing risk among young people.
In the early years, afterschool programs were valued as ways to keep kids safe afterschool,
thereby providing vital support to single parents and working families. Later, these programs
were expected to improve measures used to gauge school achievement. At the time, few
people understood the opportunities discussed in A Matter of Time - the potential of
afterschool programs to engage and excite young people in learning.
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About the Learning in Afterschool &
Summer (LIAS) Project
The Learning in Afterschool & Summer Project is an effort by afterschool advocates and
leaders to unify the field of afterschool and focus the movement on promoting young
people!s learning. This means offering opportunities not found at home or in school and
applying our most recent knowledge on learning to our afterschool practices.
The idea of promoting young people!s learning and broader development after the
classroom day is not new. What is new is the vast number of children who are now able to
access afterschool programs. We believe that afterschool programming is a unique
institution that must offer more than safe havens or homework help after school. If
afterschool programs are to achieve their true potential, they must become known as
important places of learning – learning that complements, but is distinguished from, the
learning that happens at school or home.
The goal of the Learning in Afterschool & Summer (LIAS) project is to position afterschool
programs as places for learning. The project draws upon an extensive and growing body of
research and is informed by the national discussions on education reform and youth
development. Achieving this goal will require the incorporation of specific learning principles
and approaches in the definition and expectations of afterschool programs, and acceptance
by a broad array of stakeholders.
About the LIAS Learning Principles
Below we detail each of the LIAS learning principles. We follow this by sharing program
examples that demonstrate this principle. It is important to note that many of these
examples demonstrate other LIAS principles as well. These principles did not happen
accidentally. Instead, they are intentionally built into the design of these youth programs. All
of these programs are operated within a school setting and receive funding from California!s
Afterschool Education and Safety (ASES) program or federal 21st Century Community
Learning Centers (21st CCLC).
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Learning that is Active Learning and memory recall of new knowledge is strengthened through different exposures
– seeing, hearing, touching, and doing. Afterschool learning should be the result of
activities that involve young people in “doing” – activities that allow them to be physically
active, stimulate their innate curiosity, and that are hands-on and project-based. Hands-on
learning involves the child in a total learning experience, which enhances the child!s ability
to think critically.
Afterschool
Program
Examples
WINGS: Winners Growing Strong (K-6) ASES, National City, CA
All of the program activities offered to participants are hands-on, project-based, and end in a
culminating event where the participants showcase the skills they!ve learned. The
participants are given the opportunity to join the club of their choice. Activities include:
Author Fair, where youth learn the entire process and production of writing and illustrating
their own books, then display them at a fair where their books can be read and signed with
their autograph; Art Gallery, where youth learn different styles of art and/or different artists
and display their own works of art in a gallery where refreshments are served and tours are
lead; Theater Production, where youth practice plays, musicals, and/or reader!s theaters
and learn all aspects of a stage performance (costumes, stage presence, voice projection,
etc) and present a theater production in front of an audience.
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AP Giannini Middle School (grades 6-8), Sunset Neighborhood
Beacon Center, San Francisco, CA Participants in the Sunset Neighborhood Beacon program engage in learning that is very
active. Each participant has a choice of 10 different project-based clubs. Project-based
learning "clubs" employs a range of experiential approaches. All of the clubs are
encouraged to integrate technology based on state goals and standards. The clubs include
diverse activities such as Urban Dance, Newsletter/Movie-Making, MOUSE Squad, Urban
Music, Peer Resources and a variety of fitness activities. When appropriate, the
participants use a high-speed Internet connection and a variety of technologies and
software including iMovie, FruityLoops Studio, Adobe Photoshop and the Microsoft Office
suite to accomplish club goals.
Every project-based
learning club addresses
multiple school subjects
with particular emphasis
on English language arts.
For example, the MOUSE
Squad has strong
reading, writing and
comprehension
components while
simultaneously
emphasizing
mathematical reasoning,
scientific investigation and
experimentation, and
technical skill-building.
Urban Dance addresses
content in the arts, social
studies and mathematics.
Participants learn about
break dancing as part of
hip-hop culture and how it
has evolved over time.
When young people are
performing the basics of
break dancing, they use
addition and division
patterns to keep rhythm
and visualize the overall
pattern of the dance form.
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Alvarado ExCEL, (K-5), San Francisco, CA
Youth in Alvarado ExCEL work on media projects where they use Photoshop and
other graphic design software to create films about a theme of their choice. These
media projects are hands-on and result in a final product, allowing them to develop
skills in design and filmmaking. In the past, youth have researched their ancestry
and created videos around this theme. This also provides youth with the opportunity
to become culturally aware.
Poway Unified School District ASES Program
(5 elementary and middle schools), Poway, CA One of the major events at the Poway ASES program is the annual Duct Tape Fashion
Show. Elementary and middle school youth design fashion accessories, gowns, and sports
outfits made entirely of duct tape. In its third year, this program is highly successfu in
engaging youth in an active and meaningful way. The fashion show is put on in mid March
each year, but youth begin planning and working on costumes as early as November. Youth
learn pattern making and construction techniques and have the opportunity to work on their
designs once or twice a week in the afterschool program. When it is time to perform the
fashion show, young people model the final product. A panel of judges, consisting of school
board members, district employees, and others, votes for the best outfit from the different
competing schools.
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Learning that is Collaborative Knowledge should be socially centered, as collaborative learning provides the best means to
explore new information. Afterschool programs are well positioned to build skills that allow
young people to learn as a team. This includes listening to others, supporting group learning
goals, resolving differences and conflicts, and making room for each member to contribute
his or her individual talents. Collaborative learning happens when learners engage in a
common task where each individual depends on and is accountable to each other.
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Afterschool
Program
Examples
Orrick Year Round Enrichment Program (K-5), Bessie
Carmichael Elementary School, San Francisco, CA
Each club teaches the participants the importance of being part of a team. In the Video
Making Club, participants follow a theme and cover core values within the video. They learn
the different roles of a production crew, make short vignettes, then showcase the video. In the
Music Club, participants are first taught the basics, practice their skills, then are given the
opportunity to perform as a whole group. The Sewing Club allows participants to learn basic
sewing skills then showcase the final product. A past project was a quilt where participants
were responsible for making their own tile square and then learning how to put every square
together making the quilt.
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Alvarado ExCEL (K-5), San Francisco, CA
This program offers hands-on projects that include carpentry and building. Both of these
projects require collaboration among the youth, as they are working on one project and must
problem-solve together to complete it. For example, youth built a small-scale replica of the
Golden Gate Bridge from scrap wood. They had to work together to fit different sized
materials that were able to bear weight.
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Club Timberwolf (6-8), Julian Junior High School (ASES),
Julian, CA Teen CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) is a program designed to train junior
high students how to respond as a team to emergency situations. Students are trained in
basic first aid, search and rescue, with a focus on teamwork and the ability to coordinate
with emergency professionals. Teen CERT members learn to be prepared for a large-scale
disaster or emergency such as: structure fire, forest fire, earthquake, or terrorist attack.
Students learn from emergency professionals and are given basic equipment to help them
be prepared.
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Learning that is Meaningful Young people are intrinsically motivated when they find their learning meaningful. This
means having ownership over the learning topic and the means to assess their own
progress. Motivation is increased when the learning is relevant to their own interests,
experiences, and the real world in which they live. Community and cultural relevance is
especially important to new immigrant youth and those from minority cultures. Rather than
learning that is focused on academic subjects, young people in afterschool can be helped to
apply their academic skills to their areas of interest and real world problems. Also, when
learning involves responsibility, leadership, and service to others, it is experienced as more
meaningful.
Afterschool
Program
Examples
McKinley Elementary School (K -5) After School Enrichment
Program (ASEP), San Francisco, CA
In Snack Squad, a handful of youth work together to learn the practical skills for leading a
healthy lifestyle through working in the vegetable garden, nutrition education, and experience
planning and preparing healthy snacks. These youth are given the opportunity to be leaders
and pass the information on to other students through physical activities and peer-to-peer
education.
Poway Unified School District ASES Program (5 elementary and
middle schools), Poway, CA Several afterschool activities are developed by gathering student input on their interests as
well as staff talent and interest. The wrestling program is especially popular. Wrestling
students from the high school coach and mentor middle school youth wrestlers, allowing the
middle school youth to develop skills should they want to pursue wrestling in high school. It
also provides the high school youth with a sense of purpose by becoming mentors and role
models to the middle school youth.
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HEAT: (Highlanders Effecting And powering Tomorrow) (9 -12),
McLane High School (ASSETs), Fresno, CA
McLane High School HEAT afterschool program engages youth in activities that are
meaningful and expands horizons. They do this by involving youth in conferences and
by connecting them with community organizations.
Summits & Conferences
• Female Youth Empowerment Conference: HEAT works with others to identify 100
female youth that are at-risk for dropping out and sponsors a conference that consists
of five workshops that focus on improving these young people!s chances for success in
a meaningful way. Workshops include resume writing, importance of physical health
and activity, importance of healthy relationships, and developing personal statements
for college.
• Freshmen summit on slowing drop out rate: A group of freshmen youth meets
regularly and discusses strategies for slowing the drop out rate. Some strategies
include handing out certificates to freshmen who have attended a certain number of
school days, and they receive rewards for grade improvement. At the end of the year,
the group of freshmen type up a report of what schools and the government can do to
slow the drop out rate, and send it to the school district. The event is led by youth in all
grade levels 9-12.
• The Teen Abuse Project works toward preventing teen abuse and is held in February
and March each year. Eight youth go through 20 hours of training and then perform
skits for the entire school relating to awareness of teen abuse and violence. Various
events are held in a weeklong violence prevention and awareness campaign,
concluding with a summit at the end of the week.
The McLane High School HEAT program also engages with a number of community
partners to receive in-kind donations, bring in speakers, and introduce youth participants
to community service opportunities. Examples include donations from major department
stores for the various events, workshops on healthy relationships by local organizations,
and opportunities to participate in community service with organizations that restore local
parks. This partnership with community partners exposes youth to new things and new
places, and gives them a greater awareness of things going on in their community.
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After School All-Stars (K -12), 450 school sites
in 12 different cities
The Life Service Action initiative demonstrates the meaningful LIAS principle by giving
participants the opportunity to improve their communities through hands-on student-led
service projects. Past projects included creating a healthy lifestyle video, volunteering for
the Special Olympics, planting urban gardens, fundraising for local charities, and serving
meals to the homeless.
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Learning that Supports Mastery Young people tell us they are most engaged when they are given opportunities to learn
new skills. If young people are to learn the importance and joy of mastery, they need the
opportunity to learn and practice a full sequence of skills that will allow them to become
“really good at something.” Afterschool activities should not promote the gathering of
random knowledge and skills. Rather, afterschool learning activities should be explicitly
sequenced and designed to promote the layering of skills that allows participants to create
a product or demonstrate mastery in a way they couldn!t do before. Programs often
achieve this by designing activities that lead to a culminating event or product that can be
viewed and celebrated by peers and family members. For older youth, many programs
are depending on apprenticeship models to assist youth in achieving a sense of mastery.
Afterschool
Program
Examples
Poway Unified School District ASES Program (5 elementary and
middle schools), Poway, CA
Another special event at the Poway Afterschool program is the annual Robotics Expo. This
program for middle schoolers started when a high school student from Poway thought it
would be good to start building robotics skills in youth before they reached high school. The
Poway high school robotics team has been involved in national competitions and is very
successful. Once a week, a high school mentor goes to the middle school afterschool
robotics activity to help youth with their projects. Youth spend this time planning, keeping
records, and making adjustments to their projects in preparation for the robotics competition
held in the gym. Parents and students attend this event, where 10-12 teams of two youth
participate in demonstrating and adjusting their designs.
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Sanchez Enrichment and After School Program (K-5), San
Francisco, CA
In the Gardening Club, participants learn the skills needed to grow and maintain both a vertical
and traditional garden including measuring plant growth and knowing how much water the plants
need. The participants of the Gardening Club are given the opportunity to learn a full sequence of
skills over time, as they start off knowing very little about gardening. Their project culminates after
their vegetables are fully grown when they learn how to properly cook them for eating.
Balboa High School Afterschool (9-12), San Francisco, CA
In the digital media arts club, participants learn various software programs and develop the
skills to design complex 3-D animations. A filmography class has also given participants the
chance to learn how to use video equipment and perform editing techniques. In the film
class, youth have the option of participating in something called Streetside Stories, a
program that builds literacy through storytelling. In this program, youth participants share a
personal experience or story about themselves on a video that they shoot themselves. The
stories are also published in a book every year. When the movies are completed, they are
screened by the whole school at a final exhibition that includes food and live music. Finally,
the videos are put on Streetside website. !
LA!s BEST Afterschool Enrichment Program (K-5) in over 186
Elementary Schools, Los Angeles, CA
LA!s BEST activities and clubs provide participants with the opportunity to develop their
skills via projects that require moving through increasingly complex tasks. Their science
activities, for example, have children initiate the process by developing inquiry skills, then
collecting evidence via experiments, applying knowledge via assessments, and culminating
with public presentations of their projects.
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Club Timberwolf (6-8), Julian Junior High School (ASES),
Julian, CA
The Kids with Cameras program began as a partnership between Club Timberwolf!s Garden
Club and the Volcan Mountain Foundation, a wilderness protection program that advocates for
the preservation of Volcan Mountain. For three weeks on Friday during the afterschool program,
youth participated in photography workshops where they were introduced to the camera and
learned composition and mechanics. Local retired photographers were recruited by members of
the Volcan Foundation!s Education Committee to teach the course and eventually accompany
the youth to Volcan for further hands-on instruction.
First, participants practiced taking pictures in the school garden for three weeks. They then
traveled to Volcan Mountain, a wildlife preserve in Julian Junior High!s back yard, to photograph
the preserve. The best images were used to make a series of gift cards for sale at the garden
market and school office. The proceeds go to garden programs.
Photographers also looked over the young people!s shots from Volcan, voted on the best
images, and mounted them into 14x18 prints. An artists! reception was held at the public
library, with youth and their parents, the garden club, library staff, and members from the
community in attendance to celebrate the collection of photos. The prints are currently on
display in the school library and will be hung gallery style in a classroom. The photo
display is open to travel to go to other Volcan organizations.
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Students Plus After School (9-12), Crawford High School
(ASSETs), San Diego, CA
Collective Voices, Peacemakers, and Refugee Speakers Clubs are clubs offered by
Students Plus After School. These clubs are focused on increasing young people!s public
speaking skills. In the Refugee Speakers Club, participants go out and share their story
with other local high schools,
allowing participants to
demonstrate their mastery of
public speaking. Collective Voices
is a structured public speaking
class, where youth learn the
technical aspects of public
speaking. The course culminates
in the participants traveling to a
local college to speak in front of a
class of 300 students about their
experiences.
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Learning that Expands Horizons Young people benefit by learning opportunities that take them beyond their current
experience and expand their horizons. Learning about new things and new places
promotes a greater sense of potential of what they can achieve and brings a sense of
excitement and discovery to the learning environment. Meeting new people can expand
social networks in ways that create new opportunities. Afterschool programs have the
flexibility to go beyond the walls of their facilities. They can use the surrounding community
as a classroom and bring in individuals and businesses that young people may not
otherwise come into contact with.
Expanding young people!s horizons also includes helping them to develop a global
awareness. This includes increasing their knowledge of other cultures and places and their
understanding of the issues and problems they have in common across cultural and
political divides.
Afterschool
Program
Examples
Balboa High School Afterschool (9-12), San Francisco, CA
At the Balboa program, one of the many hands-on clubs is the Build On club. This club
offers participants the opportunity to travel outside of the country to build schools in poor,
rural areas. This club exposes youth to different cultures and increasing their global
awareness.
In the Mouse Squad Club, participants learn the basics of computer hardware, including
how to troubleshoot, provide others with computer help, and other technology related skills.
All of these clubs are designed to provide youth the opportunity to explore their potential
and skills related to specific careers.
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After School All-Stars (K -12), 450 school sites
in 12 different cities
CampUs, a Summer High School Transition program of We Are Ready initiative:
Participants camp out at a college campus for 6 days so that they can learn all about what
life is like in high school and college. While on campus, they are taught study skills and
about the SATs, they create their own personalized 4-year plans, and they learn what
requirements need to be met for graduation. Participants have the opportunity to pick
majors, complete a mock college application which includes an essay, resume,
recommendation letter, and in-person interview, and take part in a mock acceptance
ceremony on the last day, held by the All-Stars staff. This allows the participants to
visualize the process.
A second program component is the Career Exploration Opportunities (CEO) Initiative.
Participants are exposed to different career options by meeting with local business owners,
community leaders, and role models. In-person interviews and field trips to workplaces and
business schools are just some ways that participants are able to expand their horizons
and learn skills for the workplace and potential careers. For example, participants
interested in culinary arts were given the opportunity to interview chefs at the Culinary
Institute. Those interested in fashion design were given the opportunity to take a design
class at the Skechers headquarters where they were able to design their own sneakers.
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ABC (Achieve, Believe, Commit) After School Program, Orange
Glen High School (9-12), Escondido, CA
The Fashion Club meets once a week and participants must apply to be accepted into the
club. Career speakers and community business owners are invited to speak and give
lessons. Past projects have included a Recycle Event, where accessories are made from
recycled products and modeled at a “trashion show”. The Fashion Club has also done
community service projects where participants made beanies for a homeless shelter and
made holiday cards for an orphanage. An all-expense paid field trip to Fashion Institute of
Design and Merchandising (FIDM) included a private lecture from an FIDM speaker, tour of
the campus, and lunch.
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LA!s BEST Afterschool Enrichment Program (K-5) in over 186
Elementary Schools, Los Angeles, CA
Activities, field trips and site visits from luminaries afford their students opportunities to
become exposed to and to experience concepts beyond their daily routines. Whether via
a trip to the Getty Museum, a visit with an actor or the local librarian, or activities that
make global connections to children!s lives in Colombia, children experience events,
cultures and histories designed to broaden the realm of possibilities for what they can
know and become.
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The Prep Program (ASSETs), South El Monte High School (9-12),
South El Monte, CA
Advocates For Change (AFC) is PREP's afterschool club which focus on creating change
through community service and fundraising in order to give back to the local and global
community. Projects include volunteering at Columbia Middle School and Nativity, and raising
awareness of the current genocides in the world.
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About Temescal Associates www.temescalassociates.com
Temescal Associates is dedicated to building the capacity of leaders and organizations in
education and youth development who are serious about improving the lives of young
people. Our clients include leaders of youth serving institutions and organizations, school
and youth program practitioners, public and private funders, intermediary organizations, and
policy makers. Their work ranges from building large scale youth and community initiatives
to providing services to young people on a day-to-day basis.
To accomplish this, Temescal Associates draws on a pool of gifted and highly experienced
consultants who excel at eliciting the internal knowledge and wisdom of those we work with
while introducing new knowledge and strategies that can transform the day-to-day practices
that lead to improved youth outcomes.
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