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AIRWORTHINESS GUIDANCE

Issue: 1 Date: 18 Jul 2019 Guidance No: AG 1202

Qualification and Experience Criteria for Instructor, Knowledge Examiner and Practical Assessor

General Pursuant to section 24O of the Civil Aviation Act 1969 [Act 3], the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM) may, from time to time, issue Notices, circulars, requirements, Directives and information on any aspect of safety in civil aviation. This Airworthiness Guidance (AG) is issued pursuant to the section 24O and contains information about standards, practices and procedures acceptable to CAAM. This AG sets forth an acceptable means, but not the only means, of accomplishing or showing compliance with the airworthiness requirements of CAAM. Material in this AG is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature and does not constitute a regulation.

Purpose

This AG is issued to provide guidance to CAAM Part-147 Maintenance Training Organisations, for the initial assessment of qualifications, competencies and skills for the appointment of Instructors, Knowledge Examiners, and Practical Assessors in respect of compliance with Airworthiness Notice 1201. It also provides guidance for the Continuance / Revalidation of existing CAAM-Part 147 Instructors, Knowledge Examiners, and Practical Assessors. Applicability This AG is applicable to persons/ organisations regulated by Airworthiness Notices 1201, and persons applying under Regulation 37 (b), of Civil Aviation Regulation 2016. 1.0 General

1.1 The assessment process and the continuance / revalidation process should be developed by the Maintenance Training Organisation and referenced in the relevant Maintenance Training Organisation Exposition (MTOE).

1.2 Training organisations should retain a record of the Instructors, Knowledge Examiners,

and Practical Assessors training, qualifications and experience for an indefinite period

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as well as ensuring that ALL instructional staff are issued with copies of their Personal Authorisation Documents or Certificates.

1.3 A record system should be established within the organisation to record the skills, proficiencies and competencies for the continuance / revalidation of Instructors, Knowledge examiners, and Practical assessors within the approved training organisation. Periodicity of these checks should be recorded and retained in the individual’s personal training record file.

1.4 CAAM shall have access to these records during compliance audit.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Instructor:

A nominated person who will deliver a CAAM Part-66 Module in accordance with AN1101 Appendix 1 and/ or Appendix 3 or part thereof. The instructor is not necessarily the person involved into the drafting of the course material such as content, duration or equivalent, however he must be involved at some point into the organization of the lessons themselves, such as creation of the instructor notes, slides, sequencing or equivalent.

2.2 Knowledge Examiner:

A nominated person who will determine the level of theoretical knowledge of the trainees on a particular module, element, or part thereof to be examined. The function may include the drafting and/or the selection of questions (MCQs and essays), the performance of the examination exercise itself for essay question, the evaluation of the correctness of answers (except when correct answers are pre-determined) and the final judgement regarding the level of knowledge demonstrated by the trainee. Persons solely supervising an exam session consisting of pre-selected MCQ questions are not considered as examiners but are considered as support staffs (invigilators), and are therefore not subject to the knowledge and experience requirements, but need to be trained to the examination procedure described in the MTOE. A Knowledge Examiner must be approved by CAAM.

2.3 Practical Assessor:

A nominated person who will determine the level of practical knowledge/ practical skills of the trainees on a particular module, element, or part thereof. The function may include ensuring evidence of skill and experience acquisition and determine whether the student is competent at using tools and equipment and working in accordance with maintenance manuals ands assess student on their situational awareness ability. Drafting and/or the selection of practical tasks and assessment, the performance oversight and assessments of the practical activities/ assessment kit developed. A Practical Assessor must be approved by CAAM.

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2.4 Authorisation Documents/ Certificates

The part of a course that an individual is authorized by the training organisation to instruct, examine or assess; this scope can cover a full course or be reduced to a particular module or element, or even be limited to a part thereof as an example sub-module, a specific area within a sub-module or equivalent, ATA chapter, sub-section of ATA chapter for type training or equivalent.

3.0 Engineering Instructor Requirements

3.1 General Requirements

a) All aircraft basic and type training Instructors whether permanently or temporally employed, must have undergone an instructional techniques training course and be able to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the CAAM Part 66 and 147 regulatory requirements. Additionally, they should have a practical working knowledge of the MTOE and associated training procedures.

b) All Engineering instructors, Knowledge examiners and Practical assessors permanently employed within the Part 147 training organisation must be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Maintenance Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors).

c) Engineering instructors may with the approval of CAAM also hold other positions

within the training organisations, i.e. Knowledge examiner, Practical assessor; these other roles must be clearly identified against the individual within the relevant MTOE and annotated on their Personal Authorisation Documents of Certificates.

d) All sub contracted Basic and Type instructors are to be vetted and assessed prior

to the commencement or delivery of any training. The assessment process is to consist of a face to face event with the training manager or its deputy. The process should also include a presentation demonstration to ascertain the applicant’s levels of subject knowledge; delivery skills and techniques. All such assessment is to be recorded and retained by the training organisation.

3.2 Type Training Instructor

a) The basic criteria for an aircraft type training instructor must be, either: i) Hold an aircraft maintenance engineer’s licence acceptable to the authority

and successfully completed an instructional techniques / ‘train the trainer’ course to a nationally recognised standard or to a standard agreed by the authority; or

ii) Hold an aeronautical or electrical or mechanical engineering degree and successfully completed an instructional techniques / ‘train the trainer’ course to a nationally recognised standard or to a standard agreed by the authority; or

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iii) Provide evidence of previous employment as an aeronautical type-training instructor. (See paragraph 8) - Grandfather Rights will be given to any individual who can satisfactorily demonstrate previous employment as an Instructor however before being permitted to instruct they must demonstrate satisfactory update training; and

iv) 3 years of relevant experience, including 1 year of experience on the relevant

aircraft type(s). The experience must be representative of the elements(s) to be taught and gained in civil aviation environment or acceptable equivalent such as maintenance, engineering, design organisation, or equivalent This requirement does not necessarily apply for new type-certified aircraft. Contact the authority for these specific cases.

b) With respect to paragraph 3.2(a)(ii) and 3.2(a)(iii) above, the prospective Type

training instructor should undergo a type course specific to the category and type training to be taught. This must be evidenced by: i) A Part 147 Certificate of Recognition (training and exam) issued by an

appropriately approved Part 147 maintenance training organisation for a type training (level 3) successfully received on the relevant aircraft(s) and including theoretical and practical elements. The Certificate of recognition should address the category of licence corresponding to the specialty of the instructor (for example B2 for an avionic instructor); and

ii) A refresher/ update course on the concerned aircraft type if the instructor has not instructed the concerned aircraft type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two years preceding its employment in the current Part 147 organisation.

c) To avoid conflicts of interest, the Part 147 exam should not be attended in the Part

147 organisation where the instructor is to exercise its privileges, unless specific measures are taken and accepted by the Authority to demonstrate that the integrity of the examination is secured.

d) The instructor should attend a number of lesson “sit-ins” of the type-training course

on the material he or she is to deliver. This number may vary with each organisation, depending upon the experience of the instructor and their approved procedures.

e) The instructor should then prepare and deliver a training session in a monitored

environment, attended and assessed either by the training manager or his delegated representative or his subject matter expert, as part of the organisations assessment process, prior to the instructor being approved to deliver a course, (commonly referred to as a competency assessment).

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f) Acceptance of other type training course and their accreditation

i) Other type-training courses received in a non-Part 147 organisation (including theoretical and practical elements) can only be considered for acceptance when the curriculum/level of the course is equivalent to Part 66 Appendix 3.

ii) To get these courses accredited for the purpose of satisfying qualification requirements, the equivalency of the course shall be demonstrated by the maintenance training organization by following these principles:

iii) When a Part 147 maintenance training organisation intends to nominate

training staff not having attended the relevant type training course in an approved Part 147 maintenance training organisation (so the instructor does not hold a Part 147 type training certificate), the internal Quality system of the Part 147 organisation has to demonstrate the equivalency of the other course by reviewing and assessing the following items:

1) Type training

syllabus: Syllabus levels for the type training should be assessed for equivalence to Part 66 Appendix 3 for the relevant licence-category;

2) Type training course length:

Verify that the course length is equivalent to CAAM Part 147 course for the same or similar aircraft type.

3) Type training course provider:

Record the course provider. Assess as far as it is possible that the training documentation/ material came from a reputable source.

4) Category of type training:

Ensure that course completed by the Type instructor is relevant to the scope of the licence category intended for the course that is to be included in the individual’s approval (e.g. avionic = avionic type training course and not Airframe/power plant).

5) Theoretical and practical training:

Verify that the course covered the theoretical and practical elements. If the training covered only the theoretical aspect, then the practical training shall be justified separately. In this case it should be noted that the practical training may have been carried out in the past as a structured OJT when the applicant was under the control of an approved maintenance organisation.

6) Examination: Verify that individual training course certificates and the associated examination results are available. Verification that the exam result is at least equivalent to Part-66 requirements; Review, when available, the examination paper and

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assess the multi-choice questions (number of multi-choice question per hour of training, pertinence of the questions, etc.). Update Training for Type Training Theory Instructor.

g) Continuation training for type training instructor i) Update training should consist of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24

months into more than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the latest training techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at relevant lectures and symposiums etc., appropriate to the knowledge being trained.

ii) Records should indicate when update training was scheduled and when it

took place for each instructor / examiner and practical assessor. The update training must also provide evidence of compliance in both THEORETICAL and PRACTICAL skills. And a competency review should be held on file for the relevant period supporting the authorisation

3.3 Basic Training Instructor

a) The basic criteria for a basic training instructor must be, either:

i) Comply with any of the requirements listed in paragraph 3.1; and

Hold a Part 66 aircraft maintenance engineer licence applicable to the relevant category/sub-category; or

ii) Provide evidence of previous employment as a basic mechanical or electrical engineering training instructor; or

iii) Hold an aeronautical / electrical or mechanical engineering degree and have successfully completed a formal instructional techniques course to nationally recognised standard or to a standard agreed by CAAM; or

iv) Provide evidence of previous employment as a technical training instructor (See paragraph 8); and

v) 1 year of relevant experience in a civil aviation environment for those instructors nominated to teach Modules 11,12,13,14,15,16,17. The experience must be adapted to cover the subject to be taught and gained in an aviation engineering department or in a line and/ or base maintenance AMO. This should be increased to 3 years of relevant experience in civil aviation environment (aeronautical maintenance), or acceptable equivalent, for those instructors nominated to teach Module 7; the experience must also be representative of the subject(s) to be taught.

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NOTE: For individuals involved with the instruction of Modules 1 and 2 ONLY, an academic teaching qualification, relevant to the modules being taught is acceptable. No requirement of specialty experience has been defined for instructors nominated to teach the remaining Modules of Part 66 Basic syllabus; however practical experience in aircraft maintenance, design or production activities is considered advantageous; the advantage for the instructor is to understand the practical applications of a scientific knowledge, and therefore to better appreciate the knowledge that the student must receive.

b) On meeting the criteria as stated above; the prospective Basic training instructor should attend training on the specific Part 66 module to be taught.

c) Ideally the Basic Skills Instructor should attend a number of lesson “sit-ins” of the specific Basic Part 66 module course he is to deliver, in a monitored environment, attended and assessed by either, the training manager, or his delegated representative, as part of the organisation’s assessment process, prior to the instructor being approved to deliver a course

d) Continuation training for basic training instructor

i) Update training should consist of minimum of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24 months into more than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the latest training techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at relevant lectures and symposiums or equivalent appropriate to the knowledge being trained.

ii) Records should indicate when update training was scheduled and when it took place for each instructor or knowledge examiner and practical assessor.

e) Part 147 Requirements

i) All Part 147 Basic and Type Instructors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE. (List of training instructors, knowledge examiners and practical assessors). This list should identify the scope of authorisation for each instructor for example B1, B2, B757, B777, Airbus 340 etc.

The Part 147 organisation should ensure that the scope of authorisation for each instructor, including any sub-contracted instructor, is current and applicable to the subject being taught.

ii) The Part 147 training organisations should ensure that all staff remain conversant with the requirements of CAAM Part 66 and CAAM Part147, and any associated instruction and/ or guidance material published by CAAM via updated training

iii) The Part 147 training organisations that employ sub-contracted instructors should maintain a record of the courses instructed and identify the amount of experience gained in each discipline.

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iv) A record of instructor and/ or examiner recency check should be retained, by the Part 147 training organisation, demonstrating at least 35 hours of update training carried out over a 24 month period, in both THEORY & PRACTICAL skills (as applicable) and be able to be produced during audit by CAAM.

3.4 Type Training / Practical Instructor

Basic criteria for an aircraft Type Training / Practical instructor must be:

a) Speciality Knowledge: -

A Part 147 Certificate of Recognition (training + examination + practical assessment) issued by an appropriately approved Part 147 training organisation or successfully completed type training course conducted by OEM for a type training (level 3) successfully received on the relevant aircraft(s) and including theory & practical.

Note: In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the Part 147 examination & practical assessment should not be attended in the Part 147 organisation where the instructor is to exercise its privileges unless specific measures are taken and accepted by CAAM to demonstrate that the integrity of the examination is ensured

The Certificate of recognition should address the category of licence corresponding to the speciality of the instructor (for example: B2 for an avionic instructor); and

i) A refresher/ update course on the concerned aircraft type if the instructor has not instructed the concerned aircraft type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two years preceding its employment in the current 147 organisations; or

ii) A type training (theory + practical) received in a non-Part 147 organisation. The curriculum/ level of the course must comply with Part 66 Appendix 3; or

Note: In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the exam & practical assessment must not be attended in the organisation where the instructor is to exercise its privileges.

iii) A refresher/ update course on the concerned aircraft type if the instructor has not instructed the concerned aircraft type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two years preceding its employment in the current Part 147 organisation; or

iv) A specialised training (for example hydraulics) on the relevant aircraft type(s). The curriculum/ level of the course must comply with at least with Part 66 Appendix 3. The scope of instruction must be limited to the relevant speciality; and

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v) A refresher/ update course on the concerned aircraft type or aircraft type concerned systems if the instructor has not instructed the concerned aircraft type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two years preceding its employment in the current 147 organisation.

b) Pedagogical Skills: -

i) Instructor Certificate (delivered by a legal entity, recognised by its local authorities and acceptable to CAAM, where the instructor will exercise his privileges; or

ii) Evidence of completion a “Train the trainer course” to a nationally recognised standard; or

iii) A practical instructor privilege (documented) granted by the Maintenance organisation when this part is contracted out (note: an administrative assessment of the competency is still required to be completed and documented by the Part 147 training organisation to determine how the maintenance organisation qualifies internal instructors); or

iv) Assessment performed and documented by the Training Organisation’s Training Manager (if himself appropriately qualified as practical instructor and in accordance with an MTOE procedure); and

Be acceptable to CAAM, following an in-situ audit in actual training conditions.

c) Speciality Experience: -

i) 3 years of relevant experience, including 1 year of experience on the relevant aircraft type(s). (The experience must be representative of the tasks to be instructed and gained in approved civil aviation environment, for example aviation maintenance/ production), or acceptable equivalent, including line and/or hangar maintenance experience; or

ii) 3 years of experience in similar aircraft types, and additional experience on the particular aircraft type gained through type training, or equivalent

d) Update Training for the Practical Instructor

i) Update training should consist of minimum of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24 months into more than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the latest training techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at relevant lectures and symposiums etc. Records should indicate when update training was scheduled and when it took place for each instructor / examiner and practical assessor.

ii) The update training must also be documented as evidence in compliance with PRACTICAL skills and evidencing where possible application of use of

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practical involvement (for example being involved in maintenance activities such as: engines changes, component removals/ replacement, BITE tests, detailed system tests, structural repairs, troubleshooting or equivalent).

4.0 Knowledge Examiner requirements

4.1 General Requirements

a) All Knowledge examiners must be able to demonstrate an have understanding of CAAM Part 66 and Part 147 regulatory requirements and a comprehensive working knowledge of the MTOE document and associated training procedures.

b) All Part 147 Knowledge examiners should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors).

c) A Knowledge Examiner may at the discretion of CAAM also hold other positions within the training organisation, as example engineering instructor or practical assessor, where these other roles must be clearly identified against the individual within the relevant MTOE and on their personal Authorisation Certificate.

Note: A Knowledge Examiner shall not issue an examination paper or invigilate an examination in a subject area where he/she has acted as an instructor.

d) An organisation shall appoint a Chief Knowledge Examiner/ Examination Manager. In accordance with Notice 1201, the training organisation should submit CAAM Form 4 to the CAAM for approval prior to inclusion into the MTOE Para 1.2.

4.2 Qualifying the Knowledge Examiner

a) The knowledge examiner must be:

i) Meet the same criteria as the theoretical instructor of either the concerned Basic Modules (for example, examiner for Module 11 should meet the criteria of instructor for Module 11) or Type Training elements (for example, examiner for navigation topic meet the criteria of navigation chapter/ elements instructor for type-training); or

ii) Completion of a ‘train the examiner’ course to a nationally recognised standard; and

iii) Conversant with the Part 66 syllabus that details the level of number and level of questions per module; and

iv) Able to compile both written and multi choice question papers and, in the case of the written papers supply a model answer sheet detailing the marking guide; and

v) Able to mark and analyse the students’ responses and provide feedback to the instructor/ training manager, detailing any inconsistencies with the examination results or process.

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5.0 Practical Assessor requirements

5.1 General requirements

a) All Part 147 nominated Practical Assessors, whether permanently or temporally employed, must demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the CAAM Part 66 and Part 147 regulatory requirements, additionally they should demonstrate a comprehensive practical working knowledge of the MTOE document and associated training procedures.

b) Practical Assessors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors). This list should identify the scope of authorisation for each Practical Assessor for example B1, B2, B757, B777, Airbus 340 etc., and be clearly shown on their Personal Authorisation Certificate (commonly referred to as scope of approval).

c) Practical Assessors may also hold other positions within the training organisations, as example engineering instructor or knowledge examination, where these other roles must be clearly identified against the individual MTOE.

d) The Practical Assessor should assist instructional personnel in developing the practical training tasks and assessment criteria.

e) The Practical Assessor may also be nominated by an approved CAAM Part145 AMO, together with associated documented procedure, as outline in this section to CAAM for acceptance.

5.2 Qualifying the Practical assessor

a) The Practical Assessor must either:

i) Meet the same criteria as the Practical instructor of either the concerned Basic training Modules (for example, Practical assessor for module 11 meet the criteria of Instructor for Module 11) or the concerned Type-training elements (for example, Practical assessor for landing gear tasks meet the criteria of practical Instructor for landing gear chapter/ elements), and having also successfully completed a formal instructional / facilitators techniques course, and an assessor training course; or

ii) When training is delivered and assessed under the control of an approved AMO (Basic Practical training elements contracted to another AMO, maintenance practical training directly-approved by CAAM) hold a current aircraft-type technical authorisation, issued by a Part 145 organisation, on the subject/ aircraft-type being taught, and having also successfully completed a formal instructional/ facilitators techniques course, and an assessor training course.

b) All Part 147 / 145 nominated Practical Assessors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, or relevant section of MOE. (List of Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors). This list should identify the scope of

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authorisation for each Practical Assessor for example B1, B2, B757, B777, Airbus 340 etc.

c) When Practical assessors hold other positions within the training organisations, although the roles of the assessor and the instructor for the practical elements of a type training course may be combined, the objectives associated with each function should be clearly understood, and the competence and qualification criteria according to organisation’s procedures should be met for both functions. Whenever possible (depending on the size of the organisation), it is recommended to split the roles, in order to avoid any conflicts of interest.

6.0 The continuation of an instructor, knowledge examiner and practical assessor’s authorisation.

6.1 General requirements

a) In accordance with Notice 1201 paragraph 5.2(i) “Instructors and Knowledge examiners shall undergo update training at least every 24 months relevant to current technology, practical skills, human factors and the latest training techniques appropriate to the knowledge being trained or examined”. This should also be supported with a valid competency review for that period.

b) The training should consist of a minimum of 35 hours within the 24-month period. In addition, training organisation personnel are to remain conversant with the latest revision of the CAAM Part 147 requirements, and any associated instruction and/ or guidance material published by the CAAM. They should also be conversant with the respective organisations MTOE and associated training procedures.

c) Part 147 training organisations should ensure that personnel training records, including records of qualifications, update training and experience and competency is retained for each Instructor, Knowledge Examiner and Practical Assessor. It is also expected that a Part 147 organisation and its instructional staff should be able to evidence recency as part of the continuation of an approval. Organisations may wish to adopt the standard industry default of 6 months experience in a 24-month period, alternatively they may wish to define their own within their approved MTOE, subject to the approval of CAAM.

7.0 Revalidation of Authorisation

7.1 General requirements

a) In order for an Instructor, Knowledge examiner or Practical Assessor’s authorisation to be revalidated following renewal / expiry / withdrawal, the maintenance training organisation should implement a reinstating procedure within their approved MTOE that will cover the relevant training disciplines associated with the authorisation concerned and evidence of recency, where applicable.

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b) The criteria for reinstating should take into consideration the length of time the individual has been away from that specific training environment or discipline.

c) Any Instructor, Knowledge examiner or Practical assessor who has passed 24-month period without exercising the privileges of his authorisation, as a minimum, shall comply with the table below:

Inactive Period Recovery action

24 to 30 months 35 hours update training + Continuation training + Training organisation procedures and processes + 2 monitored training sessions with another instructor covering both Theoretical and Practical aspects.

30 months 60 months

As above plus two sit-ins on the type course for the authorisation being sought.

60 months and longer

Re-training in the core subject with successful examination.

8.0 'Grandfathering'

8.1 Instructors, examiners and assessors accepted by an organisation through the approved MTOE prior to the entry into force of this Airworthiness Guidance and exercising their privileges, or part thereof, at the entry into force of this standard, are considered as fulfilling the knowledge and experience requirements

8.2 However, an assessment of the gap between actual training qualifications and this standard in order to identify deficiencies in the qualification should be performed by the Part 147 maintenance training organisation, and a corrective-plan should be provided to CAAM within a reasonable timeframe.

8.3 With respect to paragraph 8.1 above, the instructor, examiners and assessors are allowed to continue exercising its privileges until the next renewal of the approval, starting from the last expiry of the approval granted effectively from the date this Airworthiness Guidance was issued.

8.4 With respect to paragraph 3.2(a)(iii) and 3.3(a)(ii) & (iii) of this document, “Grandfather” provisions accepting full compliance with the above criteria at the time of the entry into force of the issuance of this Airworthiness Guidance cannot be considered as transferrable between different Part 147 maintenance training approvals. Any Instructors, examiners and assessors qualifying in respect of paragraph 8.1 above within an organisation after this shall comply with the requirements of Notice 1201.

9.0 Permanent Instructors and Contract Instructors

9.1 Airworthiness Notice 1201, paragraph 5.2(d) requires organisation to have a nucleus of permanently employed staff sufficient to undertake the minimum required to maintain the organisations scope of approval. Such staff should therefore be directly employed by the organisation and to giving the necessary capacity and stability with regards to

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permanently employed Instructors, Assessors & Examiners ensure the continued stability of the organisation and therefore ensuring the organisations its ability to meet the requirements of its approval and any subsequent scope. Any staff on zero hours contracts will be considered as contractors unless the organisation can satisfy CAAM that an individual:

a) Meets the requirements for an employee;

b) Is required to report for work when requested; and

c) Does not perform any work for another aviation maintenance training organisation.

9.2 A failure to meet any of the requirements above is considered to be a failure of the organisation to fulfil its obligations under Part 147 environment. Findings of the appropriate level will be raised in accordance with Airworthiness Notice 1201, paragraph 13. 0. Where this impacts on the capability of the organisation to perform its approved scope of work CAAM may decide to suspend, limit or revoke the affected parts of the approval.

9.3 The use of contract instructors is permitted providing the organisation can provide evidence that without the use of the contractors they can still support the organisations scope of approval.

AHMAD NIZA Chief Execu ve Officer

Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia

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