Date post: | 16-Feb-2017 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | akram-bhuiyan |
View: | 444 times |
Download: | 0 times |
AGE CHANGING OF DENTISTRY
REFERENCES Orban’s oral histology and embryology
Ten Cate’s oral histology
Oral anatomy ,histology and embryology
Berkovitz , Holland , Moxham
AGING Definition : Refers to irreversible and
inevitable change that occurs with time
It is also defined as sum of all morphological and functional alteration in an organism that leads to functional impairement
BIOLOGICAL AGING PROCESS IS : Universal : detectable in all members
of the species
Progressive: develop gradually and irreversibly
Deleterious : harmful to the survival of individual
AGING AND THE HARD TISSUES
ENAMEL
DENTIN
CEMENTUM
ALVEOLAR BONE
DENTALHARD
TISSUES
ENAMEL CHANGES
Attrition
Change in permeability
Discoloration
Chemical and surface changes
ATTRITION
Physiological wear of occlusal or incisal and proximal surfaces of teeth resulting in a decrease in vertical dimension
In severe attrition dentin may be exposed
CHANGE IN PERMEABILITY Young enamel acts as a semi-permeable
membrane and permits slow passage of water and molecular substances through the pores between the crystals.
With age the enamel crystals grow in size and the pores between them is obliterated resulting in reduced permeability of the enamel.
DISCOLORATION Normal: white to
yellowish white. With age darkening seen. Thought to be because of: I. Loss of enamel rods-
this loss alters the light reflection of enamel and results tooth color change.
II. Deepening of dentin color seen through progressively thinning layer of enamel.
CHEMICAL AND SURFACE CHANGES Increase in fluoride and nitrogen content.
Water and organic content decrease with age.
Reduction in organic content reduces chance of caries in teeth with age.
Loss of Perikymata
DENTINThe main changes in dentin
associated with aging are Increase in sclerotic dentin. Increase in the number of
dead tracts. Increase in formation of
reparative and reactive dentin.
Vitality of dentin
DEAD TRACTS In normal dentin the odontoblastic
processes may disintegrate and the empty tubules get filled with air. These are called dead tracts.
They appear black in transmitted light and white in reflected light.
In narrow pulpal horns degeneration of odontoblast seen due to crowding of odontoblasts.
thought to be the initial step in the formation of sclerotic dentin.
Dead tract
SCLEROTIC DENTIN\TRANSPARENT DENTIN Refers to the dentinal tubules that have
become occluded with calcified materials. It may be result of the aging process and
called physiologic dentin sclerosis or may occur due to some irritation like caries, attrition, abrasion and called reactive dentin sclerosis
When this occurs in several tubules in the same area , the dentin assumes a glassy appearance and become transparent
Most common in apical 3rd of the root.
It appears transparent or light in transmitted light and dark in reflected light.
Sclerotic dentin
REPARATIVE –REACTIVE DENTIN If the provoking stimulus cause destruction
of the original odontoblasts, the new, less tubular dentin formed by newly differentiated odontoblast like cells is called Reparative dentin.
However if the odontoblast survive the provoking stimuli the dentin produced by them is called Reactionary dentin
Reparative dentin
Reactive dentin
VITALITY OF DENTIN
Since the odontoblasts do not degenerate normally, dentin is laid down throughout life.
Although after the teeth have erupted and become functional dentinogenesis slows and further dentin formation is at much slower rate
CEMENTUM Hypercementosis . Cementicles. Change in permeability. Cementum re-absorption and
repair
HYPERCEMENTOSIS
It is an abnormal thickening of the cementum. may be generalized or localized ,diffused or
limited. Hypercementosis is termed cementum
hypertrophy if the overgrowth improves the functional qualities of the cementum and is termed cementum hyperplasia if it is not correlated with increased function.
FIG : A
FIG : B
CEMENTICLES They are ovoid or round
calcified structure that are formed as a result of calcification of the degenerated periodontal tissue or the epithelial rests of Malssez.
Cementicles may be: 1. Free in the periodontal
ligament. 2. Attached the cementum 3. Embedded in the
cementum
FC-free cementicleSC-sessile cementicle
Permeability : The permeability of cementum decreases gradually by age.
The permeability from the periodontal side is lost except in the most recently formed layer of cementum, while that from the dentine side remains only in the apical region.
Cementum Resorption and Repair: Cementum resorption can occur after trauma or excessive occlusal forces .
After resorption ceases, the damage is usually repaired.
If the repair establishes the former outline of the root surface it is called anatomic repair. However if only a thin layer of cementum is deposited and the root outline is not constructed it is called functional repair.
ALVEOLAR BONE Bone resorption is
the major age change in alveolar bone.
Common site of resorption- labial aspect of alveolar crest.
Bone reabsorp
tion
Decrease in height and width of the jaw
Distance between the crest of the
alveolar bone and cemento-enamel junction increase
Alveolar sockets
appear jagged and uneven
OTHER CHANGES The marrow space have fatty infiltration.
Loss of maxillary bone is accompanied by increase in size of maxillary sinus.
Internal trabecular arrangement is more open which indicate bone loss.
THANK YOU