Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration88thth Grade U.S. History Grade U.S. History

DirectionsDirections

►Use your thinking map to follow along and Use your thinking map to follow along and record the information presented in each slide. record the information presented in each slide.

►For each topic area, you will listen as the For each topic area, you will listen as the information is given, then complete a 30-30-30.information is given, then complete a 30-30-30.

►You may ask questions at any point by raising You may ask questions at any point by raising your hand quietly.your hand quietly.

Causes of ExplorationCauses of Exploration►Sea Route to AsiaSea Route to Asia►MotivesMotives►TechnologyTechnology►SponsorsSponsors

A Sea Route to AsiaA Sea Route to Asia

►Marco Polo (1200s)Marco Polo (1200s) Italian merchant who traveled to China Italian merchant who traveled to China Long journey across the Silk RoadLong journey across the Silk Road Wrote a book about China’s gloryWrote a book about China’s glory Inspired Europeans to explore and tradeInspired Europeans to explore and trade

►Trade goodsTrade goods Asia was home to valuable spices, silk, porcelain, Asia was home to valuable spices, silk, porcelain,

and tea; huge potential for profit!and tea; huge potential for profit!

MotivesMotives

►Sea trade was much safer and more profitable Sea trade was much safer and more profitable than overland tradethan overland trade Why?Why?

►Besides profit, explorers could gain:Besides profit, explorers could gain: AdventureAdventure FameFame GloryGlory LandLand

TechnologyTechnology

►The compass was invented in Asia and first used The compass was invented in Asia and first used for large-scale navigation by Zheng He (1400s)for large-scale navigation by Zheng He (1400s)

►The astrolabe was a tool that measured the The astrolabe was a tool that measured the angles of stars along the horizon to help angles of stars along the horizon to help explorers determine their locationexplorers determine their location

►The caravel was a new type of ship with square The caravel was a new type of ship with square and triangular sails that was capable of long-and triangular sails that was capable of long-distance traveldistance travel

SponsorsSponsors

►European countries began to compete for European countries began to compete for control of important trade routescontrol of important trade routes

►Sponsors (monarchs or other wealthy figures) Sponsors (monarchs or other wealthy figures) supported exploration by paying for ships, supported exploration by paying for ships, supplies, and time; investment; supplies, and time; investment;

►Exploration was also a chance to spread religionExploration was also a chance to spread religion►A dream come true for an explorerA dream come true for an explorer

Major Events in the Major Events in the Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

►Portugal leads the wayPortugal leads the way►Columbus sails for SpainColumbus sails for Spain►Magellan makes historyMagellan makes history►Conquistadors in the AmericasConquistadors in the Americas

Portugal Leads the WayPortugal Leads the Way

►Prince Henry of Portugal built Prince Henry of Portugal built a school for exploration a school for exploration around 1420around 1420

►Bartholomeu Dias makes it to Bartholomeu Dias makes it to the southern tip of Africathe southern tip of Africa

►Vasco da Gama sails around Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope and the Cape of Good Hope and reaches Indiareaches India

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

► Italian navigator with a brilliantly flawed planItalian navigator with a brilliantly flawed plan► Gained sponsorship from King Ferdinand and Queen Gained sponsorship from King Ferdinand and Queen

Isabella of SpainIsabella of Spain► Set sail west in 1492; Set sail west in 1492; NiNiñña, Pinta, Santa Mariaa, Pinta, Santa Maria► Returned to Spain in glory (mistakenly)Returned to Spain in glory (mistakenly)► Made three more voyages still thinking he was in India; Made three more voyages still thinking he was in India;

called the natives Indianscalled the natives Indians► European exploration of the Americas resulted in European exploration of the Americas resulted in

colonization of the land and removal of the nativescolonization of the land and removal of the natives

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

►A Portuguese sailor hired by Spain to find a A Portuguese sailor hired by Spain to find a route around South America to Asiaroute around South America to Asia

►Named the Pacific Ocean for its peaceful watersNamed the Pacific Ocean for its peaceful waters►Magellan ends up killed in the PhilippinesMagellan ends up killed in the Philippines►18 men survived; over 200 to start18 men survived; over 200 to start►Magellan credited with being the first to Magellan credited with being the first to

circumnavigate the globe; his crewmember Juan circumnavigate the globe; his crewmember Juan Sebastian del Cano finished leading the tripSebastian del Cano finished leading the trip

In the 1500s, many Spanish In the 1500s, many Spanish explorers came to the Americasexplorers came to the Americas

Gained control of all of present-Gained control of all of present-day Mexico and Central Americaday Mexico and Central America

Aided by guns, horses, diseaseAided by guns, horses, disease Hernan Cortes conquered the Hernan Cortes conquered the

Aztecs in MexicoAztecs in Mexico Francisco Pizarro conquered the Francisco Pizarro conquered the

Incas in South AmericaIncas in South America

ConquistadorsConquistadors

Hernan Cortez & the Hernan Cortez & the AztecsAztecs

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro & the Inca & the Inca

Effects of ExplorationEffects of Exploration

►World-wide trade systemsWorld-wide trade systems►Development of a new global economyDevelopment of a new global economy►Colonization of the AmericasColonization of the Americas

New Trade SystemsNew Trade Systems

► Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange A system of exchange between the “old” and “new” worlds; A system of exchange between the “old” and “new” worlds;

plants, animals, diseaseplants, animals, disease From America: beans, tobacco, corn, tomatoes, vanilla, From America: beans, tobacco, corn, tomatoes, vanilla,

turkey, cocoa, potatoes, avocadoesturkey, cocoa, potatoes, avocadoes From Europe/Asia/Africa: bananas, livestock, onions, From Europe/Asia/Africa: bananas, livestock, onions,

sugarcane, coffee, grapes, diseasesugarcane, coffee, grapes, disease► Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

A system of exchange between the Americas, Europe, and A system of exchange between the Americas, Europe, and Africa which brought slaves to the AmericasAfrica which brought slaves to the Americas

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Economic PoliciesEconomic Policies

►Capitalism: an economic system in which people Capitalism: an economic system in which people use resources to turn a profituse resources to turn a profit Founded in competition!Founded in competition! Investments; patrons; Medici familyInvestments; patrons; Medici family

►Mercantilism: a policy that a country’s power Mercantilism: a policy that a country’s power depends on its wealthdepends on its wealth Wealth came from trade and goldWealth came from trade and gold Led to rivalry for colonies that sent home gold and Led to rivalry for colonies that sent home gold and

produced goods for the home countryproduced goods for the home country

Colonization of the AmericasColonization of the Americas

►European countries sent groups of settlers to European countries sent groups of settlers to the Americas to build coloniesthe Americas to build colonies

►Europeans turned natives into slaves to work Europeans turned natives into slaves to work their farms and tobacco plantationstheir farms and tobacco plantations

►Eventually, they turned to slaves in AfricaEventually, they turned to slaves in Africa Enslaved Africans were tied together and marched Enslaved Africans were tied together and marched

down to a European fort on Africa’s west coast down to a European fort on Africa’s west coast where they were traded for cheap goods. If they where they were traded for cheap goods. If they survived the brutal conditions on the ship, they were survived the brutal conditions on the ship, they were sold to plantation owners in the Americas. sold to plantation owners in the Americas.