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Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

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Age of Ideologies I WWII: WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonh Pius XII, Dietrich Bonh öffer, Corrie öffer, Corrie Ten Boom Ten Boom
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Page 1: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Age of Ideologies I

WWII:WWII:

Pius XII, Dietrich BonhPius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boomöffer, Corrie Ten Boom

Page 2: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Post WWI ChristianityPost WWI Christianity• 1914 World War I started1914 World War I started• 1918 World War I ended, leaving a much 1918 World War I ended, leaving a much

changed Europechanged Europe• Post WWI Europe suffered a massive Post WWI Europe suffered a massive

dechristianization dechristianization • The Roman Catholics responded with The Roman Catholics responded with

increased ties to the state, and various increased ties to the state, and various social programs, to some good effectsocial programs, to some good effect

• The protestant churches were a bit more The protestant churches were a bit more shaken, and due to weaker ties with the shaken, and due to weaker ties with the state less able to respondstate less able to respond

Page 3: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Post WWI ChristianityPost WWI Christianity• Especially in Central Europe, Germany Especially in Central Europe, Germany

was the worst destroyed by WWI and had was the worst destroyed by WWI and had previously been the center for the majority previously been the center for the majority of European missions workof European missions work

• Britain was also discouraged and Britain was also discouraged and subjected to great losses in WWIsubjected to great losses in WWI

• In both churches the rise in intellectualism In both churches the rise in intellectualism marked a moving away of scholars from marked a moving away of scholars from ChristianityChristianity

Page 4: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII Roman CatholicismWWII Roman Catholicism• 1933 Hitler and the Nazi party took 1933 Hitler and the Nazi party took

majority control in the governmentmajority control in the government• The RCC had long been seeking a The RCC had long been seeking a

concordat (legitimizing agreement) with concordat (legitimizing agreement) with Germany in order to maintain influenceGermany in order to maintain influence

• Shortly after Hitler’s rise to power a Shortly after Hitler’s rise to power a concordat was signed laying out various concordat was signed laying out various benefits and concessions on both partsbenefits and concessions on both parts

• The most important were, freedom of The most important were, freedom of religion, clerics not involved in political religion, clerics not involved in political parties, and no state interference in RCC parties, and no state interference in RCC organizationsorganizations

Page 5: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII Roman CatholicismWWII Roman Catholicism• The Reichskonkordat was negotiated by The Reichskonkordat was negotiated by

Cardinal Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Cardinal Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli who was shortly to Giovanni Pacelli who was shortly to become pope Pius XIIbecome pope Pius XII

• The concordat gave legitimacy to the Nazi The concordat gave legitimacy to the Nazi party allowing an even greater control of party allowing an even greater control of the government to fall to themthe government to fall to them

• Some use the above as an excuse to Some use the above as an excuse to blame Hitler and WWII on the RCCblame Hitler and WWII on the RCC

• The problems in the concordat were The problems in the concordat were understood, but seen as unavoidableunderstood, but seen as unavoidable

Page 6: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII Roman CatholicismWWII Roman Catholicism• Cardinal Pacelli became Pope Pius XII on Cardinal Pacelli became Pope Pius XII on

his 63his 63rdrd birthday, March 2, 1939 birthday, March 2, 1939

• In spite of his former working with them, In spite of his former working with them, the Nazi's complained about himthe Nazi's complained about him

• When the war began Pius XII tried to When the war began Pius XII tried to maintain the traditional neutralitymaintain the traditional neutrality

• He did speak out somewhat against the He did speak out somewhat against the Nazi’s, but never directly called for action Nazi’s, but never directly called for action against themagainst them

Page 7: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII Roman CatholicismWWII Roman Catholicism• The RCC’s record during WWII is rather hit The RCC’s record during WWII is rather hit

and miss, sometimes doing great deeds, and miss, sometimes doing great deeds, other time neglecting great needsother time neglecting great needs

• The pope never would take an open stand The pope never would take an open stand against the Nazis but did try to obtain against the Nazis but did try to obtain passports and aid some Jewish emigrationpassports and aid some Jewish emigration

• After WWII the Pius XII and the RCC’s role After WWII the Pius XII and the RCC’s role in the war was greatly criticizedin the war was greatly criticized

• Pius was accused of being Hitler’s puppet, Pius was accused of being Hitler’s puppet, criticized for his lack of involvement, and criticized for his lack of involvement, and his acceptance of the Ustase’s war crimes his acceptance of the Ustase’s war crimes

Page 8: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII Roman CatholicismWWII Roman Catholicism• Pius XII had other influences on the RCCPius XII had other influences on the RCC• He exercised papal infallibility in declaring He exercised papal infallibility in declaring

the doctrine of the assumption of Marythe doctrine of the assumption of Mary• Called the Great Consistory and ended the Called the Great Consistory and ended the

400 year long majority of Italian Cardinals400 year long majority of Italian Cardinals• Published an Encyclical titled Humani Published an Encyclical titled Humani

Generis, explaining the RCC v. EvolutionGeneris, explaining the RCC v. Evolution• Died in 1958 under the administrations of a Died in 1958 under the administrations of a

quack, who also botched his embalmingquack, who also botched his embalming• 1999 the RCC appointed the ICJHC to 1999 the RCC appointed the ICJHC to

investigate the conduct in WWII, they were investigate the conduct in WWII, they were inconclusiveinconclusive

Page 9: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII ProtestantismWWII Protestantism• Protestantism being inherently more Protestantism being inherently more

divided than Catholicism, they suffered divided than Catholicism, they suffered greater losses during the inter-war periodgreater losses during the inter-war period

• When the Nazis took power they also tried When the Nazis took power they also tried to take control of the church, they formed to take control of the church, they formed the National Reich Church by the National Reich Church by conglomerating the protestants togetherconglomerating the protestants together

• The Nazis attempted to make a puppet The Nazis attempted to make a puppet church that was merely another platform church that was merely another platform for popular indoctrinationfor popular indoctrination

Page 10: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

WWII ProtestantismWWII Protestantism• Through a process called “positive Through a process called “positive

Christianity” they tried to emphasize the Christianity” they tried to emphasize the Aryan Jesus and deemphasize his Aryan Jesus and deemphasize his JewishnessJewishness

• While most churches went along with it, While most churches went along with it, generally loving nation above God, the generally loving nation above God, the “Confessing Church” went underground“Confessing Church” went underground

Page 11: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Dietrich BonhDietrich Bonhöfferöffer• Born 1906 in Breslau Germany, the 6Born 1906 in Breslau Germany, the 6thth of 8 of 8

children in an upper middle class familychildren in an upper middle class family

• Wanted to be a minister from an early ageWanted to be a minister from an early age

• Got his doctorate in theology from the Got his doctorate in theology from the University of Berlin, then studied at Union University of Berlin, then studied at Union Theological in New YorkTheological in New York

• While in New York he came to enjoy the While in New York he came to enjoy the “African-American Spiritual”“African-American Spiritual”

• Returned to Germany in 1931, pastored for Returned to Germany in 1931, pastored for a time, and was resistant to the Nazisa time, and was resistant to the Nazis

Page 12: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Dietrich BonhDietrich Bonhöfferöffer• 1931 Along with Martin Niem1931 Along with Martin Niemöller and Karl öller and Karl

Barth he set up the “Bekennende Kirche” Barth he set up the “Bekennende Kirche” or “Confessing Church”or “Confessing Church”

• Taught in various underground seminaries Taught in various underground seminaries training German pastorstraining German pastors

• Emphasized that Nazi ideology must be Emphasized that Nazi ideology must be resisted and the Jews must be helpedresisted and the Jews must be helped

• 1939 he joined a group of conspirators 1939 he joined a group of conspirators who were trying to assassinate Hitlerwho were trying to assassinate Hitler

• 1943 money used to help Jews escape was 1943 money used to help Jews escape was traced to him and he was imprisonedtraced to him and he was imprisoned

Page 13: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Dietrich BonhDietrich Bonhöfferöffer• In 1944 the failed July 20 Plot revealed In 1944 the failed July 20 Plot revealed

Bonhöffer’s connections to the conspiracyBonhöffer’s connections to the conspiracy

• He was moved through various He was moved through various prison/concentration campsprison/concentration camps

• 1945 in Fl1945 in Flossenbürg he was executed by ossenbürg he was executed by hanginghanging

• His major literary contribution to today is His major literary contribution to today is the book the book The Cost of DiscipleshipThe Cost of Discipleship

Page 14: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Corrie Ten BoomCorrie Ten Boom• Born April 15, 1892 in AmsterdamBorn April 15, 1892 in Amsterdam

• Grew up in a strong Christian home, Grew up in a strong Christian home, greatly influenced by her fathergreatly influenced by her father

• Became the fist licensed woman Became the fist licensed woman watchmaker in the Netherlandswatchmaker in the Netherlands

• During WWII her family actively hid many During WWII her family actively hid many Jews helping them to escapeJews helping them to escape

• Her entire family was arrested, her father Her entire family was arrested, her father died, and her and her sister were sent to died, and her and her sister were sent to RavensbrRavensbrück concentration campück concentration camp

Page 15: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Corrie Ten BoomCorrie Ten Boom• Her sister died very shortly before Corrie Her sister died very shortly before Corrie

was releasedwas released

• Corrie began an international ministry Corrie began an international ministry speaking and teaching about Christspeaking and teaching about Christ

• A movie “The Hiding Place” was based on A movie “The Hiding Place” was based on her autobiographyher autobiography

• She died on her 91She died on her 91stst birthday in 1983 birthday in 1983

• You can listen to her at You can listen to her at http://www.sermonindex.net/modules/mydhttp://www.sermonindex.net/modules/mydownloads/viewcat.php?cid=14ownloads/viewcat.php?cid=14

Page 16: Age of Ideologies I WWII: Pius XII, Dietrich Bonhöffer, Corrie Ten Boom.

Hitler’s ChristianityHitler’s Christianity• Some try and claim that Hitler was a Some try and claim that Hitler was a

Christian, many Christians claim Hitler Christian, many Christians claim Hitler was an atheistwas an atheist

• He was probably primarily atheistic and He was probably primarily atheistic and “Christian” in formality also because it “Christian” in formality also because it gave him influence, obviously, he was not gave him influence, obviously, he was not actually a Christianactually a Christian

• In any case Hitler was a rather notorious In any case Hitler was a rather notorious liarliar


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