AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Country Profiles
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Click the country name to go that page.
To return to this page, click the symbol at the top of each page.
Afghanistan 3
American Samoa 4
Armenia 5
Australia 7
Azerbaijan 10
Bangladesh 13
Bhutan 15
Brunei Darussalam 16
Cambodia 17
China 18
Cook Islands 22
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 23
Fiji 26
French Polynesia 29
Georgia 30
Guam 33
Hong Kong, China 34
India 37
Indonesia 40
Islamic Republic of Iran 43
Japan 44
Kazakhstan 47
Kiribati 48
Kyrgyzstan 49
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 50
Macao, China 52
Malaysia 55
Maldives 58
Federated States of Micronesia 60
Mongolia 61
Myanmar 63
Nepal 66
New Caledonia 68
New Zealand 69
Northern Mariana Islands 72
Pakistan 73
Palau 74
Papua New Guinea 75
Philippines 77
Republic of Korea 80
Russian Federation 83
Samoa 86
Singapore 89
Solomon Islands 90
Sri Lanka 91
Tajikistan 94
Thailand 95
Timor-Leste 98
Tonga 99
Turkey 100
Turkmenistan 103
Tuvalu 104
Vanuatu 106
Uzbekistan 107
Viet Nam 110
LIST
PAGE 2
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 1,300,0002050 5,039,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 91.42015 80+ 76.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 74.9W 76.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 76.2W 78.0
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 21.72050 12.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 4.0%2050 9.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.2%2050 0.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 83.0%W 60+ 38.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 43.5%W 65+ 7.5%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 10.7%
AfghanistanKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 3PAGE 3
PAGE 4
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 4,0002050 10,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 93.32015 80+ 59.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.3W 81.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 80.4W 84.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 13.42050 4.8
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.8%2050 17.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.6%2050 4.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
American SamoaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 4
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ArmeniaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 493,0002050 902,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 67.12015 80+ 50.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.0W 81.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 80.5W 84.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2015 6.52050 2.6
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 63W 63
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 16.3%2050 33.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 2.9%2050 7.1%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 82.2%W 60+ 42.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 27.0%W 60+ 27.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 40.6%W 65+ 26.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 80.0%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 5PAGE 5
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
A
ArmeniaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Division of Elderly Issues, Ministry of Labour and Social Issues
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Strategy on Ageing Issues and Social Protection of Older Persons and Action Plan (2011)• Road Map for Mainstreaming Ageing in Armenia (2011)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Voluntary accumulative pension system (2011)
• Mandatory accumulative pension system (2014)
• Law on Funded Pension (amended 2014)
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
Family benefits for poor households: eligibility based on scoring relating to children, persons with disabilities and older persons in the family
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
Free primary health services for people 65 years and above
Training for providers of elderly care
The National Institute of Labour and Social Research develops special training programmes for caregivers and conducts training sessions
Long-term care
Day-care centres, services at home and elderly houses
Self-care
28 community centres for older persons with recreational activities, one meal per day, medical services and care
Mental health services
Day care centre for people with mental health disorders, including older persons
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
–
Employment opportunities
–
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Two Social Houses for homeless older persons set up in 2008, with plans for one more
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
Draft indicators for monitoring have been developed
CONTACT
Division of Elderly Issues, Ministry of Labour and Social Issues
Website: www.mlsa.am
PAGE 6PAGE 6
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
AustraliaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 4,887,0002050 9,483,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 90.62015 80+ 68.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 83.3W 86.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 87.3W 90.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 4.62050 2.7
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 20.4%2050 28.3%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 3.9%2050 8.3%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 72.0%W 80+ 50.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 80+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 16.8%W 65+ 7.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 83.0%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 7PAGE 7
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AustraliaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Office for an Ageing Australia (1986) with a government appointed Ambassador for Ageing promoting healthy, positive and active ageing.
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Age Discrimination Act (2004): prohibits discrimination based on age in employment and the provision of goods and services
• Charter of Residents Rights and Responsibilities; and Charter of Rights and Responsibilities for Community Care
• National Aged Care Advocacy Program: services promoting the rights of people receiving residential and community aged care services
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Addressing ageing issues is a whole-of-government responsibility
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Social Security Act (1991)
• The retirement income policy is based on three pillars: (i) age pension; (ii) compulsory Superannuation Guarantee system; (iii) voluntary retirement savings
Health insurance
• Health Insurance Act (1973): free public hospital care and subsidized medical services and medications under the Medical Benefits Scheme, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the Continence Aids Payment Scheme
Other social protection schemes
• Superannuation benefits tax-free from age 60 to encourage continuing workforce participation. The system aims to incentivize private savings and facilitate transition to retire-ment.
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• National Health Act (1953)
• Health Insurance Act (1973)
• Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights (2008)
• Aged Care Access Initiative: to improve access to health care services in residential care facilities for older per-sons
• National Palliative Care Strategy (2010)
Training for providers of elderly care
• National Carer Strategy: the fifth priority area relates to training and education
• Aged Care Workforce Fund: supports a continuum of training, education and support for care-workers, from short courses to certificate and post-graduate courses
Long-term care
• Aged Care Act (1997)
• Home and Community Care Program: domestic assis-tance, personal care, nursing service, social support, home modifications and transport
• Carer Payment: support to carers providing full time care to someone with a severe disability, illness or who is frail due to old age
• Carer Recognition Act (2010) and the National Carer Strategy (2011) respond to the needs of informal carers
• National Respite for Carers Program
Self-care
• Pilot funding for increasing consumer directed care
PAGE 8PAGE 8
PAGE 9
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AustraliaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Mental health services
• Fourth National Mental Health Plan: an agenda for collab-orative government action in mental health 2009-2014
• Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia Program
• Dementia Behaviour Management Advisory Services: support to care-workers and informal carers
• National Dementia Support Program: dementia helpline, referral service, dementia and memory community centers, counselling, education, training, awareness raising etc.
PLWHA / care-givers
• Seventh National HIV Strategy (2014-2017)
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Aged Care Complaints Scheme (2007): the right to a safe environment and freedom from abuse, violence and neglect in government subsidized care services
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• Community Sector Support Scheme: supports a national secretariat and activities of community-based organisations focusing on public education, community consultation and representing the interests of older persons
• Ageing Consultative Committee: forum with 25 member organisations for consultation, discussion and advice on issues of relevance to aged care
Employment opportunities
• Fair Work Act (2009)
• Age Discrimination Commissioner within the Australian Human Rights Commission: focus on addressing barriers to equality and participation faced by mature workers and older Australians
• Programs under Experience+: programs to assist mature people to find or keep jobs
• Investing in Experience’ Employment Charter
• Investing in Experience’ Tool Kit
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Social Housing Initiative: prioritizes housing for older persons and incorporates universal design
• Capital funding being made available for the construction of specialist residential aged care facilities for homeless older people
Mobility
• Livable Housing Design: to meet needs of all Australians with mobility issues
• National Urban Policy: special attention to plan and de-sign cities for the needs of older person
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Community Care Common Standards (2011)
• Residential Aged Care Accreditation Standards
• Monitoring of residential aged care provided by the independent Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency
• Government subsidized providers of care services for older persons are obliged to report suspected assaults under the Aged Care Act since 2007
CONTACT
Department of Social Services
Website: www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/ageing-and-aged-care
PAGE 9
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
AzerbaijanKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 980,0002050 2,674,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 78.12015 80+ 68.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.4W 79.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.4W 81.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 12.92050 3.8
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 63W 59
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 10.0%2050 24.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.3%2050 3.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 81.0%W 60+ 38.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 21.0%W 60+ 19.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 11.4%W 65+ 5.1%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 81.7%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 10PAGE 10
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AzerbaijanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
No designated coordinating body. State authorities and scientific organizations within this field interact and coordinate to address issues related to older persons.
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (art 25 on prohibition of discrimination based on age in employment and social protection; art 35 on the right to work; art 38 on the right to social protection)
• The Labour Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan (art 16) prohibition of discrimination during hiring or a change in or termination of employment
• The State Program for Improving Social Protection of Elderly Citizens (2006)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
The State Program for Improving Social Protection of Elderly Citizens (2006)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Law #55-IIIQ of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Social Benefits Decree (2006)
• Law #54-IIIQ of the Republic of Azer-baijan on Labour Pensions (2006)
• Social Allowance (old age) (2006): age of eligibility 67 (men) and 62 (women)
Health insurance Other social protection schemes
• The Law on the Minimum Subsistence Level in the Republic of Azerbaijan (2011)
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Order 3 of the Minister of Health (2008) on cessation of charged medical services offered by treatment and prophylactic facilities: provides equal conditions and greater access to medical services, necessary medication and other therapeutic actions to the population, including older persons
Training for providers of elderly care
• Training on Development of Social Work Standards for Azerbaijan (2008-2009), in collaboration with UNICEF
Long-term care
• The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Social Services to the Elderly (2001): ensures social services for persons aged 70 years and above, which covers services such as in-home social service, in-patient social service, individual social service and social counseling
• The State Program for Improving Social Protection of Elderly Citizens (2006)
Self-care
–
Mental health services
• Law #142-IIQ of the Republic of Azerbaijan on psychiatric care (2001)
PLWHA / care-givers
–
PAGE 11PAGE 11
PAGE 12
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AzerbaijanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• The State Program for Improving Social Protection of Elderly Citizens (2006): aims to ensure participation of older persons in social, economic and political life
Employment opportunities
• The Employment Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan: provides for equal opportunities in employment and prohibits discrimination
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Social Services to the Elderly (2001): provision for accommodation in residential institutions
Mobility
• Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Social Services to the Elderly (2001): provisions for access to transportation and other services for older persons
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Reports on issues related to older persons are submitted to the relevant authority coordinating the State Program and to the Government, in accordance with the provisions of the State Program.
PAGE 12
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
BangladeshKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 11,235,0002050 43,492,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 104.22015 80+ 99.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.2W 79.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.3W 83.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 13.22050 4.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.0%2050 21.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.9%2050 3.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 91.0%W 60+ 28.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 8.0%W 60+ 7.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 49.4%W 65+ 15.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 39.5%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 13PAGE 13
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
BangladeshPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Bangladesh National Committee on Ageing
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, article 15: the right to social security in cases of undeserved want arising from, inter alia, old age.
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Policy on Ageing (2007)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Old Age Allowances Programme (OAAP): provides a safety net for destitute and asset-less older persons
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
–
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
Bangladesh Association for the Aged and Institute of Geriatric Medicine manages Day-Care Centers, Old Age Homes and Domiciliary Care
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Special provisions for older women contained in:
• Suppression of Violence against Women and Children Act (2000)
• Prevention of Cruelty against Women and Children Act (2000)
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Bangladesh Retired Government Employee Welfare Associa-tion (1976) conducts advocacy around the wellbeing of older persons
Employment opportunities
Interest-free loans provided to older persons for starting a business
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Ministry of Social Welfare established Old Age Homes (Shanti Nibash) in six divisions: destitute older persons provided with free lodging, care, medicare and recreational facilities
Mobility
Reservation of seats in public and private transport
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Joint Secretary of Ministry of Social Welfare: oversees and monitors old age allowances programme
• Department of Social Services: special cell opened for monitoring old age allowances and issues related to older persons
CONTACT
Ministry of Social Welfare
Website: www.msw.gov.bd
PAGE 14PAGE 14
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 56,0002050 235,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 128.62015 80+ 112.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 80.2W 80.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.6W 84.0
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 13.42050 4.8
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.4%2050 24.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.0%2050 3.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 73%W 60+ 56%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 46.4%W 65+ 30.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 3.2%
BhutanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 15PAGE 15
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 33,0002050 169,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 95.32015 80+ 77.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 80.1W 82.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 85.4W 86.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 16.42050 2.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.6%2050 30.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.7%2050 6.2%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 86.0%W 60+ 52.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 14.4%W 65+ 3.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 81.7
Brunei DarussalamKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 16PAGE 16
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 1,052,0002050 3,969,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 67.82015 80+ 61.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.3W 77.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 81.1W 83.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 15.62050 5.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.8%2050 17.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.5%2050 2.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 87.0%W 60+ 50.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 14.0%W 60+ 12.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 64.8%W 65+ 44.3%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 5.0%
CambodiaKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 17PAGE 17
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ChinaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 209,239,0002050 491,532,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 96.02015 80+ 74.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.3W 80.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.7W 85.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 7.72050 2.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 15.2%2050 36.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.6%2050 8.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 79.0%W 60+ 61.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 40.0%W 60+ 34.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 28.2%W 65+ 16.1%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 74.4%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 18PAGE 18
PAGE 19
Country nameChinaAGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
China National Working Commission on Ageing (CNWCA) and China National Committee on Ageing (CNCA) as secretariat
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly (1996, amended 2012)
• The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China: right to assistance from the State and society when old, sick or unable to work
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Decision of the State Council on Strengthening the Work for the Aged (2000)
• Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Care for Senior Citizens (2005)
• The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of China’s Undertakings for the Aged (2011-2015)
• Plan on Construction of Social Support Service System for the Elderly (2011-2015)
• The State Council’s Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Services for the Elderly (2013)1
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Pensions insurance system for retired government employees (1950s)
• Basic Pension Insurance System for Enterprise Employees (1950s)
• New Rural Social Pension Insurance System (2009)
• Social Pension Insurance System for Urban Residents (2011)
Health insurance
• Basic medical insurance system for employees in urban areas
• Basic medical insurance for urban residents (not working)
• System of new rural cooperative medical insurance
Other social protection schemes
• Minimum-living guarantee system for urban and rural residents (1997)
• Rural (2003) and urban (2005) medi-cal assistance system
• Five Guarantees for rural residents: food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial expenses subsidized by government (1950s)
• Poverty alleviation projects (1978)
• Provisional relief in case of natural disasters (1950s)
• Policy of regular subsidy for disabled (1996)
• Allowance for older couples abiding by single child policy in rural areas (2004)
• The Starlight Plan 2 providing national community welfare services for older persons in rural and urban areas
1 Zheng, et al. (2013). Working paper: Ageing in China, Potential of Silver Economy of China. Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
2 United Nations Population Fund and HelpAge International (2011). Overview of Available Policies and Legislation, Data and Research, and Institutional Arrangements Relating To Older Persons - Progress Since Madrid. Report compiled in preparation for The State of the World’s Older Persons 2012
POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
PAGE 19
PAGE 20
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of China’s Undertakings for the Aged (2006-2010)
• National Research Programme on Strategies to Cope with Population Ageing
• Plan of Social Service System on Elderly Care (2011-2015)
• Basic public health services (Wei Fu She Fa No.70, 2009): includes health care services for the elderly
• Free medical care for the senior citizens aged 95 and above (in Beijing and Jining, 2009)
Training for providers of elderly care
• Training project on social work interventions for age care facilities
• Training project on vocational qualifications for social welfare professionals working with elderly, children and persons living with disabilities
• Professional certification for the profession of civil affairs: incorporating carers for older persons
• Specialized nursing courses in old age care
Long-term care
• The Twelfth Five-year Plan on Development of Age Care Service: age care service system should be based on home care, supported by community services and supple-mented by institutional care.
• Home Care Service ‘Nine Supports’ Policy for Elderly and Disabled in Beijing (2008)
• Economic subsidies for family caregivers (in Nangjing, 2014)
• Urban Long term care insurance system (in Qingdao, 2012)
Self-care
• Action for Helping Seniors to Regain Their Eyesight
• Millions of Seniors’ Fitness Campaign
• Awards for Healthy Seniors
• CNCA Pilot project: Virtual Institution for Older People
• Outline for National Health Education and Health Im-provement Work (2005-2010)
• Outline for Development of China’s Nursing Work (2005-2010)
Mental health services
• Plan for China’s Mental Health Work (2002-2010) : addresses prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
PLWHA / care-givers
• Regulations on Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS ( 2006)
• China’s Plan of Action for Reducing and Preventing the Spreading of HIV/AIDS (2006- 2010)
• Older persons on China’s mainland are included in the targeted group of policies on HIV / AIDS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Opinions on Preventing and Stopping Domestic Violence
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• According to the Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening the Building of a Government Ruled by Law, State Council and relevant ministries (national and local) must listen to opinions of organizations / representatives of older people when making policies and regulations involving their interests
Employment opportunities
• Silver Age Action Programme: organizing retired intellectuals to assist the development of western China
• Opinions on Further Bringing into Play the Expertise of Retired Professional and Technical Personnel
• Universities of the Aged in China and the China Association of Universities for the Aged 3
3 G.M. Boulton-Lewis and M.Tam (2012). Active Ageing, Active Learning: Issues and Challenges. Education in the Asia Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects 15. DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2111-1_1. © Springer Science +Business Media B.V. 2012
PAGE 20
PAGE 21
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Pilot project for livable communities for the aged and age-friendly cities (2009): Huangpu District (Shanghai City), Xuanwu District (Nanjing City of Jiangsu province) and Jianhua District (Qiqihar City of Heilongjiang prov-ince)
• Code for Design of Buildings for Elderly Persons (1999)
Mobility
• Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Care for Senior Citizens (2005)
• Codes for Design on Accessibility of Urban Roads and Buildings (2001)
• Regulations on Construction of Barrier-free Environment (2012)
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National Standards for the Occupation of Professional Nurses for the Aged (2002)
• Unified standard to categorize older persons into several different grades of nursing needs (2013, Shanghai) 4
• CNCA – data collection on ageing issues, annual working conference to share information and monitor implementation of plans.
• Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress:- i) organizes surveys on implementation of Law on Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly and ii) reviews report of State Council on ageing work
• National Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) also monitors work conducted in relation to ageing
CONTACT
China National Committee on Ageing
Website: http://www.cncaprc.gov.cn
4 China Daily (2013). News article “Shanghai establishes standard to categorize elderly”, 12 March 2013
PAGE 21
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,0002050 6,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 91.82015 80+ 76.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.6W 82.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.7W 86.5
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 8.02050 3.6
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 11.4%2050 24.8%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.5%2050 5.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
Cook IslandsKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 22
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 3,149,0002050 6,557,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 60.72015 80+ 20.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 73.7W 79.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.0W 82.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 7.32050 3.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 12.5%2050 24.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.2%2050 4.2%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 15.0%W 60+ 12.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 55.1%W 65+ 37.1%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
Democratic People’s Republic of KoreaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 23
POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Democratic People’s Republic of KoreaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Central Committee of Korean Federation for Care of the Aged (KFCA)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
DPRK Law on the Care for the Elderly (2007)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Strategic Plan of KFCA (2010 - 2014)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Rules and Regulations on System of Social Security (1951) :regular pension provided to older persons on the basis of the length of their service
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
• Rules and Regulation on Sanitarium for Disabled Soldiers
• Homes for the Aged and the Disabled
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• DPRK Law on Public Health (1980): universal and free healthcare
• Strategic Plan of KFCA: strengthening of household doctor system, provision of comprehensive medical check-ups for older persons twice a year and construction of comprehensive care facilities for older persons
Training for providers of elderly care
• Strategic Plan of KFCA: training programme on geriatrics and gerontology for primary health care (PHC) doctors and caregivers in Homes for the Aged
• Training of trainers workshops for primary health care doctors
Long-term care
Older persons with potential risk of disease are registered at primary health care (PHC) institutions and regular home visits are carried out by doctors
Self-care
Strategic Plan of KFCA: facilities for recreation, as well as information, education and communication on health and rehabilitation of older persons
Mental health services
• Registration of older persons with psychosocial disabilities is in progress
• Strategic Plan of KFCA :counseling on mental and psychological symptoms
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Strategic Plan of KFCA: eliminate violation of rights of older persons and education to establish an atmosphere of re-spect and preferential treatment for older persons
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Strategic Plan of KFCA: promotes older persons who are capable of doing so to make contributions to the manage-ment, technical renovation, literature and art in workplaces
Employment opportunities
Association of Older Persons : opportunities for older persons productive engagement , for example translation of technical data in scientific and research institutions
PAGE 24
PAGE 25
POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKSPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Strategic Plan of KFCA: advocacy on the needs of the older persons to Ministry of City Management, Ministry of National Construction Supervision and other urban planning and construction agencies
Mobility
Strategic Plan of KFCA: supply of assistive devices such three wheel cart and walking sticks, construction of the sloping road, handrails and installation of safety chains etc. to ensure the ease of travel for older persons
Monitoring of quality and standards
National Commission for the Care of the Aged (2004): nationwide monitoring of the care for older persons through full implementation of the DPRK Law on the Care of the Elderly
CONTACT
Korean Federation for Care of the Aged
Website : www.korelcfund.org.kp
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
PAGE 25
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
FijiKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 83,0002050 182,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 88.32015 80+ 64.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.3W 78.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.8W 82.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 11.22050 4.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9.3%2050 19.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.6%2050 3.2%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 76.0%W 60+ 44.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 11.0%W 60+ 9.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 40.1%W 65+ 17.0 %
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 10.6%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 26
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
FijiPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Inter Agency Working Committee on the Elderly (IAWCE)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Fiji National Policy on Ageing (2011-2015)
• Fiji National Policy on Ageing Action Plan (2011-2015)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Mandatory pension insurance pro-vided by the Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF) (revised in 2011) : for all workers between 15 and 55 years in the formal sector
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
• Temporary Allowance to destitute families to supplement income: eligibility criteria are 65 years or above, chronically ill or permanently disabled without income support
• Poverty Benefit Scheme: cash al-lowances and food vouchers to poor households for a maximum of three years
• Social Pensions Scheme (SPS): for persons 70 years and above who have no source of income and are not recipients of other support schemes
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
Fiji National Policy on Ageing, goal 1, focuses on greater integration and participation of older persons in decision making and community affairs.
Employment opportunities
–
PAGE 27
PAGE 28
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
FijiPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
• Bus fare and taxi concession cards for persons 60 years and older or persons with disabilities
Monitoring of quality and standards
• The Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation, as the convener of the Inter Agency Working Committee on the Elderly , is responsible for monitoring and evaluation of the Action Plan and for advising the Cabinet on policy issues on Ageing as per NCOP recommendations.
• The National Council of Older Persons (NCOP) is the monitoring arm of the Ministry.
CONTACT
Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation
Website: http://www.welfare-women.gov.fj/
PAGE 28
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 29
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 32,0002050 94,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 98.12015 80+ 77.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.9W 81.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 84.6W 86.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.82050 2.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 11.6%2050 28.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.3%2050 7.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 68.0%W 60+ 48.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 9.4W 65+ 4.2
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
French PolynesiaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 29
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
GeorgiaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 769,0002050 1,151,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 65.62015 80+ 49.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.5W 81.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 81.0W 84.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 4.72050 2.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 19.3%2050 33.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 3.6%2050 7.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 84.0%W 60+ 38.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 53.1%W 65+ 39.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 89.8%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 30
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
GeorgiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
–
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Georgian Law on State Pension (2005): universal public old age pension for men 65 and years and above and women 60 years and above
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
–
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Georgian Law on State Pension (2005): universal public old age pension for men 65 and years and above and women 60 years and above
Health insurance
• State Health Program for people 60 years and above (2007)
Other social protection schemes
• Georgian Law of Social Aid (2006): means-tested system, including cash allowances and health insurance
• Social Assistance Resolution of Government of Georgia No. 145
• Family Allowance Provision: monthly cash allowance to socially vulnerable persons e.g. single unemployed older persons
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
State Health Program for people 60 years and above (2007): provides emergency services, cardio-surgery, cancer and palliative care, ambulance services, basic primary health care services
Training for providers of elderly care
Family doctor curricula, with one module focused on geriatric care
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
State program’s mental health disorders subprogram: 24 hours specialized services for persons with dementia caused by congenital and acquired mental diseases, as well as persons with disabilities
PLWHA / care-givers
State Program for HIV/AIDS Care (1997): covers all citizens of Georgia
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
–
Employment opportunities
–
PAGE 31
PAGE 32
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
GeorgiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
Tbilisi Mayor’s Office program (2005): older persons living in Tbilisi pay half the tax on transport
Monitoring of quality and standards
Public Law State Care Agency’s structural subdivision inspection group periodically visits elderly homes and checks tech-nical recourses, quality of nutrition, finances etc.
CONTACT
Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs
Website: http://www.moh.gov.ge
PAGE 32
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 23,0002050 56,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 88.42015 80+ 61.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 79.8W 84.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 86.0W 89.1
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 7.52050 3.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 66W 66
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 1.6%2050 7.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.8%2050 8.1%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 82.0%W 60+ 52.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 34.5%W 65+ 17.3%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW –
GuamKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 33
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 1,581,0002050 3,334,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 90.62015 80+ 64.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 83.4W 88.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 87.2W 92.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 4.82050 1.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 21.7%2050 40.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 4.3%2050 15.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 82.0%W 60+ 52.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 11.4%W 65+ 3.4%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 72.9%
Hong Kong, ChinaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 34
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Hong Kong, ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
The Elderly Commission
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Hong Kong Basic Law: protects the rights of all the Hong Kong residents, regardless of their age
• Sex Discrimination Ordinance (1995): all-rounded protection to all the people, including older persons
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Ageing in place: as the core principle adhered to in all policies for older persons
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme (2000): first pillar of a privately managed compulsory pension plan for income maintenance
Health insurance
• Private health insurance: covered individually or by employers
• Health Protection Scheme (HPS): voluntary and government-regulated scheme for health insurance
Other social protection schemes
• Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme (1971, formerly Public Assistance Scheme): means-tested safety net for older persons
• Social Security Assistance Scheme (1973, formerly Disability and Infirmity Allowance): comprises Old Age Allowance and Disability Allowance
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Public general outpatient services: for low-income and underprivileged groups, including vulnerable or disabled older persons
• Outreach Primary Dental Care Services for the Elderly (2011 - 2014)
• Community Health Centres: one-stop, comprehensive primary care services with continued care
Training for providers of elderly care
• Outreach health education service: on-site training for health care workers in residential care homes
• District-based Scheme on Carer Training (2007)
Long-term care
• Centre-based day care services
• Pilot Scheme on Home Care Services for Frail Elders : personalised home care services for older persons waiting for nursing home placement
Self-care
• Elderly Health Services (1998): health education programme to improve self-care abilities and encourage healthy living
• Neighbourhood Active Ageing Project : mobilises community organisations and volunteers to promote neighbourhood support and inter-generational harmony
Mental health services
Psychogeriatric outreach services for older persons with mental health problems: assessment and treatment ser-vice to those residing in residential care homes
PLWHA / care-givers
Treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS: HIV management, nursing care and medical social services offered –including for older persons living with HIV
PAGE 35
PAGE 36
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Hong Kong, ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Strategies adopted to prevent and address elder abuse: data collection, dedicated projects, trainings and education programmes
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• Representatives of users of elderly care centres and carers encouraged to form committees to express their opinions on the quality of the facilities and services
• Views of older persons sought during the Elderly Commis-sion’s Study in 2009 and 2011, which helped Government formulate policies
Employment opportunities
• Comprehensive employment services (vacancy search) for older persons, free of charge
• Elder Academy Scheme: to promote continued learning amongst older persons
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Residential Care Homes (Elderly Persons) Ordinance (Cap. 459) (the RCHE Ordinance), complemented by the Code of Practice for Residential Care Homes (Elderly Persons) issued by the Director of Social Welfare under Section 22(1)
• Home Environment Improvement Scheme for the Elderly: assistance to without family support to improve their home conditions
Mobility
• Non-emergency ambulance transfer service
• Easy-Access Transport Service
Monitoring of quality and standards
• The Elderly Commission monitors the implementation of policies and programmes affecting older persons
• Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS): annual reporting on self-assessment of Essential Service Require-ments (ESRs) and Service Quality Standards (SQSs) by service operators
CONTACT
The Elderly Commission
Website: www.elderlycommission.gov.hk
PAGE 36
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
IndiaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 116,553,0002050 330,043,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 94.52015 80+ 81.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.0W 78.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 79.8W 81.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 11.72050 4.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.9%2050 18.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.9%2050 2.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 83.0%W 60+ 40.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 17.0%W 60+ 16.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 43.2%W 65+ 11.4%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 24.1%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 37
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
IndiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Draft National Policy on Senior Citizens (2011)
• Scheme of Integrated Programme for Older Persons (1999)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pen-sion Scheme: monthly cash transfer to older persons 60 years and above living below the poverty line
• Pension to retired Central Civil Gov-ernment Servants
Health insurance
• Health Insurance for Senior Citizens: age for purchasing insurance raised to 65 years
• Rashtriya Swastya Bima Yojana : health insurance for below poverty line households with no age limit
Other social protection schemes
• Annapoorna Scheme: 10kgs of food grains per beneficiary per month pro-vided to older persons not covered by Indira Gandhi Pension Scheme
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
National Programme of Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE), (2010): includes primary health care, long-term care and social services as well as community based ser-vices for persons 75 years and above
Training for providers of elderly care
• National Initiative Care of Elderly (NICE): various courses on issues relating to older persons offered by the National Institute of Social Defence
• Skills Development Initiative Scheme: based on Modular Employable Skills and includes a course on geriatric care
Long-term care
National Program for the Health-Care for the Elderly (NPHCE), (2010): accessible, affordable and high quality long-term care
Self-care
Integrated Programme for Older Persons (IPOP): grants for Volunteers Bureau for Older Persons, Senior Citizens Asso-ciations and self-help groups to promote their programmes and activities
Mental health services
• Integrated Programme for Older Persons (IPOP): financial assistance for Day Care Centres for patients with Alzheimer’s or dementia
• National Initiative Care of Elderly (NICE): training on management of dementia care
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
State Governments and Union Territories: measures taken to control crime against older persons, with New Delhi being the pioneer
PAGE 38
PAGE 39
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
IndiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
National Council for Older Persons: promotes and coordi-nates concerns of older persons
Employment opportunities
National Initiative Care of Elderly (NICE): training on com-puter skills for senior citizens
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Draft National Policy on Senior Citizens (2011): promotes ageing in place, homecare services and other related programmes
Mobility
National Policy on Older Persons: fare concessions for and preference in reservation of seats and modification of vehicles for easy entry or exit
Monitoring of quality and standards
Inter-Ministerial Committee: monitors quality of elderly care services
CONTACT
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Website: www.socialjustice.nic.in
PAGE 39
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
IndonesiaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 21,195,0002050 61,896,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 89.22015 80+ 62.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.2W 77.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.0W 80.1
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 13.02050 4.7
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.2%2050 19.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.7%2050 2.3%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 84.0%W 60+ 38.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 24.0%W 60+ 24.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 54.3%W 65+ 27.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 8.1%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 40
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
IndonesiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
National Commission for Older Persons (NCOP)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Law No. 13 on Older Person Welfare (1998)
• Government Regulation No. 43 on Implementation of Efforts to Improve Older Persons’ Welfare (2004)
• Minister of Interior Affairs Regulation No. 60/2008 on Guide for Establishment of NCOP and Community Empowerment in Managing Regional Older Population
• Presidential Decree No. 52 on National Commission for Older Persons (2004)
• Presidential Instruction No. 1 on Acceleration of Implementation of National Programme Priorities (2010)
• Presidential Instruction No. 3 on Development Programmes for All (2010)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Plan of Action (NPA) for Older Persons’ Welfare (2009-2014)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Older Persons’ Social Security: monthly cash transfer for vulnerable older persons
• Pension for Civil Servants (Taspen)
• Social Insurance for Private Sector Workers: Old Age Savings for Formal Workers (Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja| Jaminan Hari Tua)
Health insurance
• Financed health coverage program for the poor and near-poor (Jamkes-mas)
Other social protection schemes
• Social welfare assurance (2004): community-run, to replace income in case of workers’ sickness, accident or death
• Permanent Social Welfare Assistance (2004): provided to older families or social organizations working for older persons
• Social Older Homes (1978): for neglected older persons’ or those hospitalized in social service homes
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• NPA on Older person welfare (2009–2014), Action 5: reinforce efforts in health services for older persons
• Health Law (2009): provides for the facilitation of older persons’ access to health care services
• Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) for Older Persons Care
• Integrated Health Services Centres (Posyandu) for Older Persons
• Media campaigns on ageing and age-friendly primary health care centres
Training for providers of elderly care
• Geriatric units in major provisional hospitals: provide trainings
• Trainings for caregivers provided by: Ministries of Health, Education, Manpower and Technology as well as Indone-sian Training Centre on Ageing
• Manual for primary health care centre workers and guide-book for informal caregivers providing home care services in the community
PAGE 41
PAGE 42
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
IndonesiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
HEALTHY AGEING
Long-term care
• Family Care Support System for Older Persons ( Bina Kelu-arga Lanjut Usia) : family based long-term care
Self-care
–
Mental health services
• Counselling for older persons available at age-friendly health centres
• Mental health needs of older persons are mainstreamed into general health policy
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
NCOP’s Social Advocacy team (2006): for older victims’ of fraud, neglect, abuse and violence
Rapid Reaction Team (2009): in emergency for neglected victims, violence, separation from families and other emergen-cy cases
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• NPA for Older Persons’ Welfare (2009-2014), Action 6: optimalize community participation of older persons
Employment opportunities
• Usaha Ekonomi Produktif (UEP) or Economic productive efforts: monetary assistance to individual older persons to increase income
• Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) or Economic groups: monetary assistance to older people in groups
• Training in second career: for civil servant pensioners
• Work Centers in almost all 34 provinces providing train-ings to workers in the informal sector, including older workers who would like to work
• Third age programmes are promoted in several campuses
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia No. 36 (2005) on Implementation of Law No. 28 (2002) on Build-ings: requirement of accessibility for older persons
Mobility
Reduced fee in transportation (land, sea and air) for older population over 60 years
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National Plan of Action for Older Persons’ Welfare addresses coordination in Monitoring and Evaluation of older persons’ programmes
• Standard training for caregiver of older persons and training module developed by the Ministry of Manpower and Tech-nology
CONTACT
National Commission for Older Persons (Komisi Nasional Lanjut Usia)
Website: www.komnaslansia.or.id
PAGE 42
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 6,501,0002050 28,755,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 103.32015 80+ 110.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 79.1W 79.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.0W 82.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.12050 2.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.2%2050 31.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.9%2050 3.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 90.0%W 60+ 50.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 30.0%W 60+ 41.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 30.8%W 65+ 3.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 26.4%
Islamic Republic of IranKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 43
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
JapanKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 41,874,0002050 45,636,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 79.82015 80+ 54.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 83.0W 88.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 86.8W 92.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 2.52050 1.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 33.1%2050 42.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 7.8%2050 15.1%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 84.0%W 60+ 55.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 29.7%W 80+ 14.5%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 80.3%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 44
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
JapanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
The Aged Society Measures Council
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Basic Law on Measures for an Aging Society (1995)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
General Principles Concerning Measures for the Aged Society (1996, revised in 2001)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Public Pension Scheme (since 1942): universal basic pension for all per-sons above 65 years of age
• Private and public sector workers are also covered by employees’ pensions or mutual aid pensions and receive an earnings-related pension in addi-tion to the basic pension
Health insurance
Health Care Insurance System: univer-sal free medical care with small user fee
Other social protection schemes
Public Assistance System (1950) to guarantee a minimum standard of living to destitute people. Provides 8 types of assistance, including: livelihood, education, housing and medical assistance
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Universal healthcare system (1961)
• Advanced Elderly Medical Service System (2008)
• Health Promotion Act (2003)
• Various policies such as “2nd Healthy Japan 21 (2013-20122)”: aiming to prolong healthy years of life and reduce health inequalities
• Basic Law on Measures for an Aging Society (1995), articles 5 and 10
Training for providers of elderly care
• Training for leaders of municipal long-term care services
• Public job training for home helpers and certified care workers (since 2009)
Long-term care
• Long-Term Care Insurance System (2000): integrated community care system for older persons offering long-term care services such as home-visits, life support with activities of daily living, emergency response and secur-ing of housing
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
• Specific Infectious Disease Prevention Guidelines Regard-ing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS preven-tion guidelines) (2006)
PAGE 45
PAGE 46
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
JapanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Act on Prevention of Elder Abuse, Support for Caregivers of Elderly Persons and other Related Matters (2005): early de-tection of and response to abuse of older persons
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
–
Employment opportunities
• Employment Measures Law (Law No. 132 of 1966, amended in 2007): prohibits age discrimination in vacancy announcements
• Elderly Employment Stabilization Law (revised in 2004): measures to ensure stable employment until 65 years of age
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Act on Securing Stable Supply of Housing for the Elderly (revised in 2011): registration system for residence with care/health services for older persons
Mobility
Law for Improving Accessibility for the Elderly and Disabled: progressively making public transportation, buildings, roads, etc. barrier-free
Monitoring of quality and standards
The Aged Society Basic Act (1995 Bill #8): the Government must present an Annual Report of the Ageing Society on the status of the older population and related policy measures.
CONTACT
The Aged Society Measures Council
Website: http://japan.kantei.go.jp/policy/index/kourei/index_e.html
PAGE 46
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 1,881,0002050 4,183,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 60.72015 80+ 39.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 74.4W 79.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 75.6W 81.6
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.92050 5.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 63W 58
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 10.7%2050 18.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.1%2050 2.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 79.0%W 60+ 37.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 51.0%W 60+ 43.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 13.4%W 65+ 8.4%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 95.9%
KazakhstanKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 47
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7,0002050 21,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 72.62015 80+ 45.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.5W 77.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 76.5W 79.8
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 16.62050 8.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 50W 50
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.1%2050 12.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.4%2050 1.4%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
KiribatiKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 48
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 420,0002050 1,327,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 70.12015 80+ 55.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.5W 79.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 75.8W 81.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 15.22050 6.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 63W 58
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.1%2050 16.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.9%2050 2.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 76.0%W 60+ 35.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 28.0%W 60+ 28.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 21.2%W 65+ 8.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 100.8%
KyrgyzstanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 49
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 406,0002050 1,490,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 81.92015 80+ 67.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.8W 77.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 78.9W 82.0
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 16.12050 7.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.0%2050 14.7%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.5%2050 1.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 83.0%W 60+ 46.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 42.3%W 65+ 22.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 5.6%
Lao People’s Democratic RepublicKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 50
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Lao People’s Democratic RepublicPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
National Committee on Elderly (1999)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Constitution of Laos (Article 39)1 states working people’s right to receive assistance in old age
• Decree (No 156/PM) on the Approval and Declaration of Application of the National Policy towards the Elderly in the Laos PDR 2
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Policy towards the Elderly (2004)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Social security scheme for the public sector: includes old-age pension
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
–
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
National Policy towards the Elderly: promotes healthy and active ageing
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
–
Employment opportunities
–
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
–
CONTACT
National Committee on Elderly, Division of Disability and Elderly, Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare
Website: http://www.molsw.gov.la/molsw/Main/index.php
Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its member States and associated members.
1 Constitution of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Available at : http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@ilo_aids/doc-uments/legaldocument/wcms_117348.pdf (Accessed 19 May 2015)
2 Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, Lao PDR (2013). Country Presentation - 11th ASEAN and Japan High Level Officials Meeting on Caring Societies (3-5 December 2013)
PAGE 51
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 88,0002050 290,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 95.62015 80+ 57.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 81.3W 84.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 86.4W 88.5
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.82050 2.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 14.8%2050 34.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.8%2050 9.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 84.0%W 60+ 49.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 20.9%W 65+ 6.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
Macao, ChinaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 52
PAGE 53
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Elderly Service Division, Social Welfare Bureau SAR Macao, China
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Special Law for the Protection of Older Persons Rights (2011 draft)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Chief Executive’s Policy Addresses (2006-2010): formulated policies relating to older persons based on the framework of MIPAA
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Social Security Fund (2011): basic income after retirement
Health insurance
National Health Program (1984): uni-versal coverage
Other social protection schemes
Central Savings System: persons aged 65 years or above, may withdraw all or part of their money from their personal account
• Filial Cash Allowance (2005): cash allowance to persons aged 65 years
• Wealth Partaking scheme (2008):yearly cash allowance
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Healthcare Subsidy Scheme (2010):
• All 65 years old or above Macao residents entitled to free medical services
Training for providers of elderly care
• Program for Professional Training of Social Welfare Personnel
• Training Course for Health Care Workers
• Training course on Mental Health Care with Older Persons
• Community Education and Professional Training Programs on Alzheimer‘s Disease
Long-term care
• Day Care Service Centre for Older Persons: provides nursing and care services for the disabled and older persons without family support
• Integrated Home Care and Support Service: domestic home care services for older persons
• Aged Home Service: 24-hour institutional care services for disabled and older persons
Self-care
• Annual Chief Executive‘s Policy Address emphasizes promotion of self-care in older persons
• Link for Solitary Living Elderly: phone support and contact for older persons living alone
Mental health services
• Mental Health Program for Older Persons :psychological and emotional support by social workers and counselors
• Care and Attention Homes for people with Alzheimer’s
PLWHA / care-givers
AIDS Prevention and Control Commission :provides services, including to older persons living with HIV
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Macau, ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 53
PAGE 54
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Macau, ChinaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• Family Service Centers of Social Welfare Bureau: provide counselling services to older persons
• Formal reporting system between NGOs and Social Welfare Bureau on abuse, neglect or violence against older persons
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• Elderly Service Committee: discusses issues such as primary health care, long term care and other social services for older persons
• NGO encouraged to organize older persons working groups to review needs and provide feedback to Social Welfare Bureau
Employment opportunities
• Employment for the Aged :Labour Department accepts applicants of 65 years and above for employment
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Barriers Free principle (2007): applied to architectural design
Mobility
• Barriers Free Principle (2007): to make Macao accessible to all people with disabilities
• Elderly Transportation Allowance Scheme: heavily subsi-dized travel on public buses
• Love Transport (2009): non-emergency transport to and from hospital free for older persons with disabilities or living alone
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Quality Improvement Mechanisms (2006):to improve service quality in both the government sector and NGOs
• Residential Service Enhancement Program: aims to improve service equipment, systems and environments
• Monitoring systems administered through the Elderly Service Division and the Elderly Service Committee
CONTACT
Elderly Service Division, Social Welfare Bureau, Macao, China
Website: http://www.ias.gov.mo
PAGE 54
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,784,0002050 9,592,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 95.82015 80+ 123.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.4W 80.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 81.5W 83.5
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 11.92050 3.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9.2%2050 23.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.8%2050 3.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 86.0%W 60+ 50.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 22.0%W 60+ 20.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 31.7%W 65+ 10.3%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 19.8%
MalaysiaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 55
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Policy for Older Persons and Plan Of Action for Older Persons (2011)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Employees Provident Fund (1991): retirement savings scheme for em-ployees
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
• Financial Assistance Schemes (tem-porary)
• Invalidity Pension, Dependents Ben-efit and Survivors Pension: paid for lifetime to those qualifying under the Social Security Scheme
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• National Health Policy for Older Persons (2008) and Plan of Action (POA) Healthcare Services for Older Persons (revised 2008).
• Healthcare Services for Older Persons (1996)
Training for providers of elderly care
• National Health Policy for Older Persons (2008) - as part of “Human Resource Planning and Development”, trainings conducted for health care providers (formal and informal) at all levels
• Elderly Care Courses :for Medical Attendants and Social Welfare Assistants on basic skills to care for older persons in institutions
Long-term care
• Day-care centres (2002): facilities for older persons whilst family members or guardian are at work
• Home help services (1994):offered by NGOS, targeted at poor older persons
Self-care
• National Health Policy : strengthening healthy lifestyle strategies throughout the life course
• Older Persons’ Clubs at government health clinics: recreational, social, health and other activities
Mental health services
• Mental Health Programme (1996):for all age groups, gen-der and ethnic groups; promoting support groups such as Alzheimer’ Disease Foundation
PLWHA / care-givers
HIV/AIDS Control Programme (1986) – for all age groups, gender, ethnicities, cases, carriers as well as the carers
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Domestic Violence Act (1994)
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MalaysiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 56
PAGE 57
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MalaysiaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• Representatives of older persons appointed in National Advisory and Consultative Council for the Older Persons and in all 7 sub-committees under the Council
• Representatives of older persons from various NGOs involved in formulation of National Health Policy and Plan of Action for Older Persons
Employment opportunities
• Minimum Retirement Age Act (2012): increase in min-imum retirement age from 55 to 60 for private sector employees
• Regulation protecting part time workers, including: an-ticipated to encourage participation of older persons in labour market
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Citizen Housing Project (Projek Perumahan Rakyat):af-fordable public housing for all citizens of Malaysia
• National Housing Policy (NHP): adequate housing for sale or rent, based on specific needs of target group e.g. older persons
Mobility
Special facilities and Universal Access features for older persons in public transport, including special fares and priority seating
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National Advisory and Consultative Council for the Older Persons monitors implementation of the Policy and Plan of Action for Older Persons
• National Occupational Skills Standard : specification of competencies expected of a skilled worker who is employed in an occupational area
CONTACT
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development
Website: www.kpwkm.gov.my
PAGE 57
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 25,0002050 125,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 104.52015 80+ 135.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 79.0W 80.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 84.2W 84.6
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.42050 3.8
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.8%2050 25.3%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.8%2050 3.7%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 76.0%W 60+ 48.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 9.0%W 60+ 10.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 50.6%W 65+ 24.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 99.7%
MaldivesKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 58
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
–
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
–
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
–
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
–
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
–
Employment opportunities
–
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
–
CONTACT
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MaldivesPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 59
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 8,0002050 16,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 91.42015 80+ 69.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.5W 78.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.5W 80.1
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.12050 9.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.5%2050 12.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.7%2050 1.3%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 71.0%W 60+ 37.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
Federated States of MicronesiaKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 60
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
MongoliaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 189,0002050 848,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 76.42015 80+ 53.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.0W 79.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.4W 85.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 18.12050 4.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.4%2050 21.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.7%2050 2.2%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 70.0%W 60+ 33.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 20.0%W 60+ 18.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 18.1%W 65+ 10.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 100.0%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 61
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MongoliaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry for Social Welfare and Labour, Ministry for Health and the National Development and Innovation Committee
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Mongolian law on social welfare of older persons
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Strategy on Ageing (2009)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Mongolian Law on Social Welfare for Older Persons
• Social Welfare Pension: means-test-ed pension for women 55 years and above and men 60 years and above
Health insurance
Mongolian Law on Health Insurance for Older Persons
Other social protection schemes
–
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
The National Strategy on Ageing includes financial support for NGOs protecting and promoting the rights of older persons
Employment opportunities
The National Strategy on Ageing encourages employment of older persons
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
Monitoring of the National Strategy on Ageing every 2 years and evaluation every 3-4 years
CONTACT
Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour
PAGE 62
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
MyanmarKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 4,787,0002050 11,967,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 78.32015 80+ 62.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.7W 77.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 76.5W 79.0
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 12.52050 5.1
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.9%2050 18.8%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.8%2050 2.1%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 73.0%W 60+ 39.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 12.0%W 60+ 9.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 41.5%W 65+ 26.2%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW –
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 63
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MyanmarPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Draft Older Persons Law
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Draft National Plan of Action for the Elderly
• Draft National Policy on Ageing (2014/15-2030/31)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Civil service pension scheme: Non-contributory pension for persons in civil or political service. 50 per cent of the last salary is served as pension
• Social pension (to be introduced in 2015): monthly cash transfer to older persons
• Social security old age pension scheme (forthcoming): voluntary contributory scheme for companies with more than five workers
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
• Myanmar National Social Protection Strategic Plan (December 2014) : programmes and services to prevent and respond to social protection related risks and vulnerabilities of older persons
• Homes for the Aged
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Elderly Health Care Project (1993), under the Community Health Care Programme of the National Health Plan
• Day Care Center for the Aged (2013): fully funded by the Government and provides social care, health care, nutrition and recreation to those who are socially isolated with or without family but having normal ADLs
Training for providers of elderly care
Trainings conducted as part of the Elderly Health Care Project, for Older People Self Help Group (OPSHG) staff and the ASEAN Home Care workers
Long-term care
• ROK-ASEAN Home Care Programme (2004): home care and primary health care for poor older persons living alone
• Elderly Health Care Project: training community volunteers to provide long term care and increased accessibility to all forms of healthcare (community-based approach)
Self-care
Elderly Health Care Project (1993): emphasizes self-care for older people
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
PAGE 64
PAGE 65
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
MyanmarPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Draft National Plan of Action for the Elderly : includes measures to address neglect, abuse and violence against older persons
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Older People Self-Help Group/OPSHG Programme (2008): OPSHGs are village-level multi-functional organizations comprising older persons above 60 years
Employment opportunities
• Older People Self-Help Group Programme (2008): livelihood grants for selected older people conducting microfinance activities
• Rural Development on Ageing (RDA): capacity building of older people and family members, grants for micro- economy, livestock breeding and agriculture, water and sanitation, rural development activities, primary health care awareness and home care
• National Social Protection Strategic Plan: Job identification and matching programmes for older persons
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National Committee on Aging once formed will be responsible for reviewing progress on a bi-annual basis.
• Social Protection Working Committee is responsible for overall monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of social protection programmes and interventions6.
CONTACT
Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
Website: http://www.mswrr.gov.mm/
PAGE 65
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NepalKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,455,0002050 6,491,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 88.62015 80+ 77.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.4W 78.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 80.0W 82.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 11.12050 5.6
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 58W 58
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.6%2050 17.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.7%2050 2.4%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 88.0%W 60+ 71.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 14.0%W 60+ 15.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 67.6%W 65+ 41.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 62.5%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 66
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
NepalPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Central Senior Citizen Welfare Committee (2006)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Senior Citizen Act (2006)
• Senior Citizen Regulation (2008)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Action Plan for Senior Citizens (2006)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Universal Social Pension Program for older persons from 75 years and single women from 60 years
Health insurance
Senior Citizens Treatment Service Pro-gram (2004): provision of services for a fixed amount in designated govern-ment health service outlets, depend-ing on the economic status and nature of health problem
Other social protection schemes
Social Security Program Implementation Guidelines (2003)
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
Senior Citizens Treatment Service Program: essential med-icines and certain free services and assistive devices for older persons from 75 years
Training for providers of elderly care
One session on care of older persons included in the annual district level health worker training
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
–
Employment opportunities
–
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
New public spaces will be built keeping in mind the needs of older persons
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Central Senior Citizen Welfare Committee
• Senior Citizen Regulation (2008) includes specified minimum standards for old age homes. No data or monitoring of the standards available.
CONTACT
Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare
Website: www.mowscw.gov.np/
PAGE 67
PAGE 68
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 37,0002050 92,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 94.52015 80+ 71.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.3W 82.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.7W 86.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 6.62050 3.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 14.5%2050 24.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.9%2050 5.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 66.0%W 60+ 39.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 7.5%W 65+ 4.3%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
New CaledoniaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 68
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
New ZealandKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 921,0002050 1,650,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 88.92015 80+ 69.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 83.2W 85.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 87.4W 89.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 4.42050 2.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 65W 65
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 20.3%2050 29.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 3.6%2050 9.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 76.0%W 60+ 53.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 25.5%W 65+ 15.1%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 98.0%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 69
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
New ZealandPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
The Office for Senior Citizens, Ministry of Social Development
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Bill of Rights Act 1990 and Human Rights Act 1993: specifically addresses age discrimination
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• New Zealand Positive Aging Strategy and Action Plan (2001)
• Health of Older People Strategy (2002)
• The New Zealand Carers’ Strategy Action Plan (2014 -2018): includes older carers and carers of older people
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
The New Zealand Superannuation (NZS) and Retirement Income Act 1991 : not dependent on contributions and does not vary according to the length of time in the paid workforce. It is not income or asset tested
Health insurance
• Universal health care
• Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC): provides comprehensive, no-fault personal injury cover for all New Zealand residents and visitors to New Zealand
Other social protection schemes
Income support in the form of dis-ability allowances, accommodation supplements, special needs grant and other forms of financial assistance are available
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Universal Health Care with co-payments for primary healthcare and out-of-pocket payment for alternative medicines and therapies
• Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Older People (2010)
• Green Prescriptions programme: exercise referral scheme
Training for providers of elderly care
• Strengthening the Aged Care Workforce (2011)
• Supporting nurses working in aged care
• Review of the general practitioner’s training programme
Long-term care
• Social Security (Long-Term Residential Care) Regulations (2005)
• Residential Care Subsidy
Self-care
• Innovative models for supporting older people to remain at home, such as Supported Transfer and Accelerated Rehabilitation Team (START) in Waikato; and Community Rehabilitation Enablement Support Teams (CREST) in Christchurch
Mental health services
• Dementia Behavioural Support Advisory Services
• Dementia Services Mental Health and Addiction Services for Older People guidelines
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• Elder Abuse and Neglect Prevention Services (2007): provide information to assist healthcare professionals in identify-ing and teaching how to deal with abuse of older persons
• The Taskforce for Action for Violence within Families : advises Family Violence Ministerial Team on how to make im-provements to the way family violence is addressed, and to eliminate family violence in New Zealand
PAGE 70
PAGE 71
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
New ZealandPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
• Voluntary Community Coordinators Programme (1999): work with the Office of Senior Citizens to provide the Government with an older persons’ perspective
Employment opportunities
• Human Rights Act (1993)
• The Business of Ageing: Realising the economic potential of older New Zealanders (2011 – 2051)
• Employment Relations (Flexible Working Arrangements) Amendment Act (2007)
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Housing modifications provided for persons in need, including older persons
Mobility
SuperGold Card: free discount and concession card avail-able to New Zealand residents who aged 65 years or above. Off-peak free travel from 2011.
Monitoring of quality and standards
• The Human Rights Commission enforces and applies the Bill of Rights Act 1990 and the Human Rights Act 1993
• Certification and Monitoring of Aged Residential Care
• Revised Home and Community Support Services Standard (2012)
CONTACT
The Office for Senior Citizens, Ministry of Social Development
Website: http://www.msd.govt.nz
PAGE 71
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 72
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 4,0002050 21,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 130.72015 80+ 54.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.9W 83.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.4W 86.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 15.22050 1.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9.5%2050 40.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.3%2050 11.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
Northern Mariana IslandsKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 72
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 12,476,0002050 39,970,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 104.42015 80+ 110.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.5W 78.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.9W 79.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.12050 7.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.6%2050 12.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.6%2050 1.3%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 81.0%W 60+ 48.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 9.0%W 60+ 7.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 40.6%W 65+ 9.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 2.3%
PakistanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 73
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 74
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 1,0002050 7,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 79.42015 80+ 46.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 77.0W 79.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 80.7W 84.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 12.02050 4.0
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9.9%2050 24.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.1%2050 4.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
PalauKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 74
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 387,0002050 1,322,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 79.72015 80+ 50.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 73.3W 76.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 74.7W 78.5
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 19.92050 9.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 5.1%2050 10.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.3%2050 0.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 75.0%W 60+ 52.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 58.7%W 65+ 48.3%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 0.9%
Papua New GuineaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 75
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Department for Community Development, Religion and Sports, Disability and Elderly Division
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
–
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
–
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
A social protection policy , including a pensions scheme for older persons, is under development
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
–
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
–
Employment opportunities
–
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
–
Monitoring of quality and standards
–
CONTACT
Department for Community Development, Religion and Sports
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Papua New GuineaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 76
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7,321,0002050 20,781,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 80.22015 80+ 56.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.1W 78.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 76.6W 80.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 13.92050 6.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.3%2050 14.0%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.6%2050 1.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 80.0%W 60+ 49.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 18.0%W 60+ 17.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 47.4%W 65+ 28.1%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 28.5%
PhilippinesKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 77
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
National Coordinating and Monitoring Board which is an inter-agency mechanism chaired by the Department of Social Welfare and Development
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 (Republic Act 9994)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Philippine Plan of Action for Senior Citizens (2011 - 2016)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010: monthly social pension to indigent senior citizens
• Guidelines on the Implementation of the Social Pension for Indigent Senior Citizens (Administrative Order No. 15 Series of 2010)”
Health insurance
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010: mandatory Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Philhealth) coverage for indigent older persons
• Act Instituting a National Health In-surance Program for All Filipinos and Establishing the Philippine Health In-surance Corporation for the Purpose (Republic Act 7875)
Other social protection schemes
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 includes:
• Free Medical Benefits e.g. medical and dental services, diagnostic and laboratory tests
• Free vaccines
• Funeral and burial services
• Social safety assistance for, inter alia, food, medicine, domicile repair to cushion effects of economic shocks, disasters and calamities
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 contains various provisions relating to health care for older persons
Training for providers of elderly care
• Capacity building and training of health care providers for older persons provided by several institutions
• Trainings to Prevent Elderly Abuse, Neglect and Exploita-tion
• The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA): accredits, coordinates and monitoris technical vocational education and training programs and provides guidelines for training for caregivers
Long-term care
• DSWD Long Term Care Program for Senior Citizens (LTCSC) General Implementing Guidelines (Administrative Order No 05, Series of 2010)
• Guidelines on the Home Care Support Services for Senior Citizens (Administrative Order No. 04, Series of 2010)
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010: care services for older persons without family care
Self-care
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 promotes self-care by providing equipment and assistance in neighborhood support services
• The Inter-generational Program: social technology bring-ing together different generations in mutually beneficial activities
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
PhilippinesPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 78
PAGE 79
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
PhilippinesPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
HEALTHY AGEING
Mental health services
• The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (Republic Act 7277) and the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 includes mental health services
• The General Appropriations Act provides agencies with funds for services and programs for older persons with psycho-social disabilities
PLWHA / care-givers
• Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (Re-public Act 8504): protection of the rights of all persons living with HIV, including older persons
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act 9710), section 33 on the protection of women senior citizens from neglect, abandonment, domestic violence, abuse, exploitation, and discrimination.
• Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Criminal Neglect of a Vulnerable Elderly Persons or a Person with Disability (Senate Bill 2389)
• Regulating Residential Homes for the elderly – HB 1847 (pending)
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
• Act to Maximize the Contribution of Senior Citizens to Nation Building, Grant Benefits and Special Privileges and For Other Purposes (Republic Act 7432)
• Act on Representation of the Elderly in Sanggqunian and Local Special Bodies of all Local Government Units (Sen-ate Bill 1394)
• Senior citizens have their own party list and are repre-sented in Congress
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act encourages the partic-ipation of Senior Citizens’ People’s Organizations and networks
Employment opportunities
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010: government assis-tance in:
• Job matching, information and access to livelihood resource centers Tax deductions for private entities em-ploying older persons
• Education programmes for older persons
• First week of October of every year proclaimed as “Elderly Filipino Week”
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010: utility discount for senior citizens center and residential care/group homes and provisions for the national shelter program to include housing needs of older persons
• Executive Order No. 105, Series of 2003: group homes and foster homes for neglected, abandoned, abused, de-tached, and poor older persons and persons with disabil-ities
Mobility
• The Accessibility Law (Republic Act 344) on accessible design of housing, transportation and equipment
• Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 : discounts on pub-lic transportation
Monitoring of quality and standards
The Standards Bureau of the Department of Social Welfare and Development sets and monitors standards of all social welfare and development activities
CONTACT
Department of Social Welfare and Development
Website: www.dswd.gov.ph
PAGE 79
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Republic of KoreaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9,326,0002050 21,003,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 77.42015 80+ 44.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 81.5W 86.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 86.2W 91.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 5.62050 1.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 18.5%2050 41.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 2.8%2050 13.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 87.0%W 60+ 44.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 42.2%W 65+ 23.4%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 77.6%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 80
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Republic of KoreaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Office for Population Policy (Bureau of Senior Policy), Ministry of Health and Welfare
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Welfare of the Aged Act (revised in 2011)
• Act on Long-Term Care Insurance for Senior Citizens (2007)
• Act on Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Employment and Aged Employment Promotion (2008)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Second Basic Plan on Low Fertility and Aging Society (2011–2015)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• National Pension Scheme (1988): covers everyone aged 18 to 59 re-siding in Korea (full-time housewives and those covered under the Special Occupation Pensions are excluded) and pension benefits classified into old-age benefit, disability bene-fit, survivor benefit and lump-sum refund
• Basic Old Age Pension Scheme (2008)
Health insurance
• National Health Insurance (1989): universal health care coverage
Other social protection schemes
• National Basic Livelihood Security Act (1999): cash, education and medical benefits
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Basic Plans on Re-defining Functions of Medical Insti-tutions (2011): greater focus on chronic disease care, hospitals should be specialized and large hospitals should focus on education and research
• Residential and Medical Welfare Facilities for the Elderly
Training for providers of elderly care
• Visiting Health Management Project
• Training of Experienced Nurses with specific focus on illnesses of older persons
• Care Worker Training Tnstitute: formal accreditation sys-tem and includes modules on Long Term Care and Long Term Care Skills
Long-term care
• Long-term Care (LTC) Service of Korea: for 65+ or under 65 with geriatric conditions and services provided are based on needs assessment
• Long-term Care Insurance for the Elderly (2008)
Self-care
• Elderly Physical Activity Project (2005)
• Elderly-Elderly care (2008): support for healthy older persons taking care of others
Mental health services
• Online test (2004) with questions that can be conduct-ed on smartphones by downloading a dementia-check application
• Dementia Early Diagnosis Project (2006): free screening for those aged 60 and above
• Dementia Treatment Cost Support Project (2010): sup-ports co-payment for those aged 60 and above who earn less than 50 per cent of the average national household income
PLWHA / care-givers
• Long-term care supporting program for the elderly who are living with HIV/AIDS (2009): hospital-based nursing and assistance in daily life such as medical examination, hospice service, consultation
PAGE 81
PAGE 82
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Republic of KoreaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• Project to support elderly protection agencies (2004): abuse prevention education and professional counseling
• Project to operate shelters for abused elderly (2011)
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Long-term Care Committee: includes representatives from the Korean Senior Citizens Association and makes decisions on contribution rates and fee schedules of the Long-term Care Insurance for the Elderly
Employment opportunities
• Publicly financed employment programs for low-income elderly persons (2004) in both the public and private sectors
• 2nd Plan to Promote Aged Employment (2012-2016)
• Senior Citizen Talent Banks: non-profit or organizations providing free-of-charge job placement services
• 50+ New Workplace Adaptation Support Program: pro-motes employment of jobless people aged 50 and above
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Planned measures on Housing Security for the Elderly and expansion of rental housing for older persons
• Senior Friendly Industry Promotion Act (revised 2010) : Houses or any other facilities that older persons reside in or use considered as ‘senior friendly product or service’ under the Act
Mobility
• Increased low-floor buses and elevators at subway stations
• Full exemption to those aged 65 and above from the cost of public transportation
Monitoring of quality and standards
• The Ministry of Health Welfare evaluates and monitors the implementation plans made at the central and local government levels
• Private research institutions hired year-end to assess whether policies have been formulated and implemented according to implementation plans
CONTACT
Ministry of Health and Welfare
Website: http://english.mw.go.kr
PAGE 82
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
Russian FederationKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 28,729,0002050 36,990,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 55.02015 80+ 33.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.2W 80.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 76.3W 82.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 5.22050 2.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 20.0%2050 28.8%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 3.1%2050 5.1%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 78.0%W 60+ 36.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 13.2%W 65+ 8.4%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 100.0%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 83
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Russian FederationPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry of Health and Social Development
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
Federal Programme “Older Generation” (2002–2010)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Old-age retirement pension, disability retirement pension, retirement survi-vor pension:
• Federal Act “On State-provided Pensions in the Russian Federation” (2001)
• Federal Act “On Retirement Pensions in the Russian Federation” (2001)
• Federal Act “On the Pension Scheme Security for Certain Categories of Citizens” (2011)
• Federal Act ”On Veterans” (1995)
• Federal Act “On the Procedure for Funding State Pensions, Payment” (1998)
Health insurance
Federal Act “On Compulsory Medical Insurance in the Russian Federation” (2010): free medical care for certain diseases, illnesses and preventive care
Other social protection schemes
• Support provided to older persons to pay for accommodation and ser-vices (heating, water supply, gas and electricity).
• Federal Act No. 178 “On State Social Assistance” (1999): provision of medicines and free transportation to treatment
• Regional programmes for social pro-tection of older persons, for example “Elder Generation” (2008-2010) in the Murmansk region
• Social premiums to improve the financial situation of non-working pensioners
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Programme for a Healthy Lifestyle Development
• Federal Act “On Fundamentals of Health Protection in the Russian Federation” (2011) “
• Order of the Russian Ministry of Health No. 297, “On Improving the Medical Care for the Elderly and Senile Citizens in the Russian Federation” (1999)
Training for providers of elderly care
• Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics opened in 10 universities: postgraduate training of physicians and mid-level staff
PAGE 84
PAGE 85
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Russian FederationPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
HEALTHY AGEING
Long-term care
• Network of agencies and specialised teams that provide social, domestic and other services in-home
• 957 general residential homes for older persons and per-sons with disabilities
• 252 special homes for elderly citizens, providing social services
• Several models of home-care services as social assis-tance and nursing care services provided in various regions
Self-care
• Various initiatives at the regional level, such as the “Emer-gency Button” providing 24 hour access to emergency medical care to older citizens in St Petersburg
Mental health services
• Government resolution No. 890 (1994): monetary support to people with mental illnesses
• Nursing homes and rest homes for veterans include and psychiatric departments for persons with dementia and Alzheimers
PLWHA / care-givers
• Government resolution No. 890 (1994): monetary support to people with certain diseases, including HIV and AIDS
• 100 centres providing care and treatment for HIV and AIDS patients
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• Ill-treatment of older persons fall under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
• Federal Act “On the Bases of Social Services to the Population in the Russian Federation” (1995) - social rehabilitation for victims of abuse and other forms of ill-treatment
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Federal Act “On Amendments to Individual Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Order to Support Socially-ori-ented Non-profit Organisations” (2010): financial support for social and public organisations formed by older citizens
Employment opportunities
Federal Act “On Employment in the Russian Federation” (1991): free consultation, training and assistance to find employment
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Citizens belonging to preferential categories (veterans and their widows) provided with housing under the Hous-ing Code of the Russian Federation
• Special Homes for Veterans built using modular technolo-gies and social apartments in some regions
Mobility
• Special ‘ Social Service Taxi’ for older persons in Moscow and other regions
• Federal Act “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens”
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National standards for social services
• A list of indicators for integrated monitoring of the socio-economic situation of older persons and the development of measures to improve older persons situation
CONTACT
Ministry of Health and Social Development
Website: http://www.rosmintrud.ru/eng/ministry/structure
PAGE 85
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 15,0002050 34,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 82.52015 80+ 50.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.4W 81.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 81.8W 85.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 11.12050 5.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.9%2050 14.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.1%2050 3.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 79.0%W 60+ 49.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 23.0%W 65+ 5.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 49.5%
SamoaKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 86
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
SamoaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development (MWCSD)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
–
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Retirement Pension: for persons 55 years and above
• National Old Age Pension Scheme (administered by National Provident Fund):for persons 65 years and above
Health insurance
Health benefits: pensioners entitled to free medications at the National Health Pharmaceutical
Other social protection schemes
• Micro Finance Facility Scheme (2008): grants and business trainings for unemployed women, including older women to establish small businesses
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• National Policy for Women (2010-2015) covers access by the elderly women to primary health care services at the community level and Policy for Persons with Disabilities (2011-2016) supports older persons with disabilities
• Health Promotion Policy and Mental Health Policy : pro-motes healthy living , healthy homes and healthy villages programmes
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
National Health Service (NHS): mobile clinic visits to elderly patients in their homes on a daily basis
Self-care
–
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
• MWCSD and partners (Ministry of Police and Prisons, Samoa Victim Support Group, Family Haven and others) working together to reduce incidences of violence, including against older persons
• Samoa Victim Support Group: Facilities to house victims of abuse and violence and also services such as health and education for those under their care
PAGE 87
PAGE 88
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
SamoaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
MWCSD employs Village Representatives (VR) and Village Women Representatives (VWR) as liaison officers between the Government and the communities. The majority of VRs and VWRs in both Upolu and Savaii are older persons.
Employment opportunities
• Government provides opportunities for older persons to extend their services beyond retirement to a maximum of five years, on the condition of medical fitness clearance.
• Government led programmes to preserve and promote traditional skills: includes income generation for elderly weavers of fine mats
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
–
Mobility
Older persons entitled to free transportation by ferry be-tween Upolu and Savaii and between Upolu and American Samoa
Monitoring of quality and standards
Annual reviews are conducted to determine the progress of the National Policy for Women, including elderly women
CONTACT
Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development
Website: http://www.mwcsd.gov.ws/
PAGE 88
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 1,000,0002050 2,699,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 87.82015 80+ 57.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 82.5W 87.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 87.0W 92.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 –2050 –
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 62W 62
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 17.9%2050 40.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 2.4%2050 13.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 84.0%W 60+ 51.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 36.0%W 65+ 16.5%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 0.0%
SingaporeKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 89
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 30,0002050 108,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 100.52015 80+ 96.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.1W 77.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.5W 80.4
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 16.82050 8.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 50W 50
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 5.2%2050 10.8%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.4%2050 1.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 74.0%W 60+ 51.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 39.9%W 65+ 17.9%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 13.1%
Solomon IslandsKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 90
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Sri LankaKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,886,0002050 5,951,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 79.52015 80+ 67.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 79.1W 81.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.6W 85.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 7.12050 2.6
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 50
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 13.9%2050 28.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.5%2050 6.6%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 87.0%W 60+ 66.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 6.0%W 60+ 6.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 35.0%W 65+ 8.2%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 17.1%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 91
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Sri LankaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
National Council of Elders (NCE)
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
Protection of the Rights of Elders Act, No.9 (2000)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• National Charter for Senior Citizens & National Policy for Senior Citizens (2006)
• National Plan of Action on Ageing (2012-2021)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Public Servant Pension Scheme (PSPS) programmes: monthly pension for life based on last drawn salary plus a gratuity upon retirement (60 years and above)
Health insurance
Free universal health care for all citizens
Other social protection schemes
• Financial Assistance for T.B, Leprosy and Cancer Patients
• Employees Provident Fund and Em-ployees Trust Fund
• Public Assistance Monthly Allowance for families of minimum two persons
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• National Health Policy implemented through Health Mas-ter Plan (2006-2015): covers health care of older persons
• National Policy on Disability Accessibility regulation: free health services, rehabilitation hospitals and free supply of assistive devices such as intraocular lenses, spectacles, Braille machines etc.
Training for providers of elderly care
• Post Graduate Institute of Medicine is due to commence a Diploma in Geriatrics
• Care-Givers Training: three weeks course in social ethics and health aspects
Long-term care
• Regional long-stay hospitals
• Establishment of stroke units
• Specialized hospitals make use of primary health care institutes for prolonging treatment and follow-up
Self-care
• Day centers
• Screening Outreach Clinics conduct health education and promotion
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Neglected parents can seek redress with the Maintenance Board for Elders under the Protection of the Rights of Elders Act
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
Elders Committees at the provincial level involve older per-sons in development programmes to promote their rights, welfare and participation in decision-making
Employment opportunities
Self-employment projects encouraging older persons to engage in self-employment such as poultry, farming, home gardening, sweet making, etc.
PAGE 92
PAGE 93
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Sri LankaPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Regulations for accessibility for older and physically chal-lenged persons
Mobility
• Standards to provide easy access for Senior Citizens
• Building industry engaged to create awareness of housing options for Senior Citizens
• Easy access facilitated to public buildings, places of wor-ship and recreational facilities
Monitoring of quality and standards
• National Council for Elders: comprised of members from various ministries as well as elders and voluntary organiza-tions, which meets every month to discuss the promotion and protection of the welfare and rights of older persons
• National Secretariat for Elders: implements programmes and monitors progress at the divisional level through Elders Rights Promotion Assistants
CONTACT
National Council of Elders
Website: http://www.socialwelfare.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=arti-cle&id=131&Itemid=106&lang=en
PAGE 93
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER1
2015 425,0002050 1,888,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 95.62015 80+ 89.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.2W 80.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.4W 82.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 20.72050 7.6
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 63W 58
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 5.0%2050 13.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.6%2050 1.8%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 81.0%W 60+ 46.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 21.6%W 65+ 8.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES2
MW 80.2
TajikistanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 94
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ThailandKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 10,731,0002050 23,153,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 84.92015 80+ 69.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 80.0W 82.6
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.0W 85.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 6.92050 1.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 15.8%2050 37.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 2.1%2050 9.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 81.0%W 60+ 52.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 21.0%W 60+ 17.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 39.4%W 65+ 19.7%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 81.7%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 95
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
ThailandPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
National Older Persons’ Commission
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
The Act on Older Persons (2003)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
The Second National Plan for Older Persons (2002–2021)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Old Age Allowance (1993): non-con-tributory monthly allowance for underprivileged older persons
• Old Age Insurance (1999): contrib-utory pension scheme for those employed
Health insurance
National Health Security Act (2002): universal health care coverage under which most older persons in Thailand can access free medical services
Other social protection schemes
• Social Security Act (1990): social protection and social security pro-grammes for persons in the informal sector, including old age allowance
• Cash assistance for older persons in need
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Free integrated health services for older persons
• Elderly Clinics: services include health check-up and physical and mental treatment
Training for providers of elderly care
• Thousands of volunteers trained under the Home Health Care initiative
• Three day training for caregivers in the community
• Trainings run by nursing colleges and schools of medicine also covers geriatric care
• Ministry of Health organizes trainings on geriatrics for health professionals on a yearly basis
Long-term care
• Committee on Long Term Care established to initiate inte-grated health and social services for older persons
• Elderly homes providing health care and rehabilitation for underprivileged older persons (13 homes across the country)
• Community Based Integrated Services of Health Care and Social Welfare for Older Persons: project in select-ed provinces to develop a model for elderly care in the community
• Social Welfare Development Centres offering long-term residential home for older persons without other shelter or caregiver (12 centres across the country)
• Home Health Care Centres at the sub-district level to promote long-term health care for older persons with chronic illnesses
Self-care
• Since 2005, Elderly Clubs promoting self-care and social participation, established in all provinces
Mental health services
• Elderly Mental Health Care System (2007): home-visits to prevent and delay mental and physical deterioration
PLWHA / care-givers
• Cash allowance, counseling and social assistance provid-ed for older persons living with HIV
• Care and treatment for HIV/AIDS covered under the Uni-versal Healthcare Coverage Scheme
PAGE 96
PAGE 97
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
ThailandPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Section 11 (8) of the Act on Older Persons (2003): assistance provided to older persons facing dangers of torture or unlawful exploitation or abandonment
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
National Older Persons Commission: five representatives of older persons associations appointed as members of the Commission for a four–year term
Employment opportunities
• Ministerial Notification on the Protection, Promotion and Support on Suitable Occupation and Skill Training for Old-er Persons (2004): includes recruitment services, consul-tancy on occupations, pre-working and skills training
• Elderly Fund (2005): interest-free loans for elderly people to start a business
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Aged Friendly Housing and Community (2005): initia-tive to promote awareness, encourage development of aged-friendly housing and public spaces and adjustments of accommodations of older persons
Mobility
Section 11(5) of the Act on Older Persons (2003): facilities and safety for older persons should be provided in build-ings, vehicles and public places
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Standards of Institutional Care for the Elderly: covering institutions’ operational/administrative structure, service provi-sion and quality of services
• Standards of Elderly Welfare Promotion and Rights Protection: covers education and learning and economic and social welfare of older persons
• The standards are outlined in manuals and also include data collection and data analysis
• Monitoring and appraisal of the 2nd National Plan for Older Persons carried out every 5 years
CONTACT
The Bureau of the Empowerment for Older Persons
Website: www.oppo.opp.go.th
PAGE 97
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 85,0002050 174,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 92.12015 80+ 73.3
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.1W 77.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 78.5W 80.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.32050 11.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 60
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.2%2050 8.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.5%2050 1.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 75.0%W 60+ 46.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 36.2W 65+ 16.2
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 100.0%
Timor-LesteKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 98
PAGE 99
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 8,0002050 18,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 73.52015 80+ 48.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.2W 81.0
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 79.2W 84.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.82050 6.2
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8.2%2050 12.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.4%2050 2.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 78.0%W 60+ 55.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 55.7%W 65+ 29.2%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW 1.0%
TongaKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 99
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 8,829,0002050 25,530,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 76.12015 80+ 53.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 78.6W 82.7
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 83.6W 86.7
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 8.92050 3.0
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 58
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 11.2%2050 26.6%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.4%2050 5.4%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 86.0%W 60+ 48.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 38.0%W 60+ 35.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 20.6%W 65+ 6.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 88.1%
TurkeyKEY INDICATORS
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 100
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
TurkeyPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Social Services and Child Protection Agency under the Ministry of Family and Social Policy
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
–
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• The Situation of Elderly People in Turkey (2007)
• National Plan of Action on Ageing (2007)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Law no. 2022 provides a pension to citizens 65 years and above with no other income or relatives
• Optional private plans subsidized by the government through income tax reduction
Health insurance
• Law no. 2022: older persons who cannot afford medical treatment can acquire a “green card” with free of charge medical treatment in public hospitals
• Health insurance coverage is 83 per cent (including green card holders 96 per cent)
Other social protection schemes
–
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Policies on equal and affordable access to primary and secondary health care services, including affordable access to essential medications and other therapeutic measures for older persons
• The Family Medicine System (2005) providing access to primary health care services
Training for providers of elderly care
• Training in geriatrics and gerontology for personnel work-ing in residential institutions for older persons
• “Caregivers for older persons” and “Companions for older persons” programmes implemented in non-formal voca-tional secondary education
Long-term care
Daily Care and Home Care Services and the Elderly People Service Centers: support to care of older persons at home
Self-care
–
Mental health services
The Elderly People Service Centers provide services for older persons who suffer from illness such as dementia and Alzheimer
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision-making
NGOs working on ageing actively participated in the prepa-ration of the National Plan of Action on Ageing
Employment opportunities
–
PAGE 101
PAGE 102
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
TurkeyPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Promotion of “Ageing in Place” in the community, including affordable public housing and universal design
Mobility
Programs providing free public transportation in several municipalities
Monitoring of quality and standards
– Public and private elderly care homes and elderly care and rehabilitation centres are subject to inspection to ensure they meet the standards of national legislation
CONTACT
Social Services and Child Protection Agency, Ministry of Family and Social Policy, Turkey
Website: http://www.aile.gov.tr/tr
PAGE 102
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 103
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 369,0002050 1,197,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 72.42015 80+ 47.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 75.0W 78.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 75.6W 80.0
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 16.52050 5.7
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 62W 57
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.9%2050 18.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 25.0%2050 79.0%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 77.0%W 60+ 36.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 20.6%W 65+ 7.7%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW %
TurkmenistanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 103
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 104
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 02050 0
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 60.32015 80+ 51.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 74.7W 77.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.9W 80.9
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 9.02050 8.4
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M –W –
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 10.3%2050 11.4%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.2%2050 2.7%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ –W 65+ –
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW –
TuvaluKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 104
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
UzbekistanKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,217,0002050 7,087,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 74.52015 80+ 52.9
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.6W 79.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.0W 81.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.32050 5.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 7.4%2050 19.1%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 1.0%2050 2.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 83.0%W 60+ 37.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 18.0%W 60+ 19.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 20.6%W 65+ 7.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 98.1%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 105
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.2 HelpAge International. 2013. Global Age Watch Index.
PAGE 106
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER 1
2015 17,0002050 68,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 97.82015 80+ 93.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.9W 79.2
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 80.0W 83.3
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 14.12050 6.5
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 55W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 6.5%2050 14.2%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.5%2050 1.9%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 77.0%W 60+ 57.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ –W 60+ –
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 68.0%W 65+ 48.2%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES 2
MW 3.5
VanuatuKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 106
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 2,072,0002050 7,039,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 78.12015 80+ 55.5
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 76.6W 79.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 77.0W 81.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 15.72050 5.3
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 78.1%2050 55.5%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 0.9%2050 2.5%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 83.0%W 60+ 37.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 17.6%W 60+ 19.3%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 20.6%W 65+ 7.6%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 98.1%
UzbekistanKEY INDICATORS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 107
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
UzbekistanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Ministry of Labour and Social Security
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 39 (1992) on right to social security in old age
• Law on State Pension Security (1994) provides for old age security
• Draft law on social services for the elderly and other categories of the population (2015)
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
• Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.PP-1542 on “Additional Measures to Further Improve Social Protection of the Elderly Living Alone, Pensioners and the Disabled for 2011-2015 Period” (2011)
• Declaration of 2015 as the Year of Attention and Care for the Older Generation
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
Old age retirement pension: a joint system consisting of contributions by working citizens and obligatory deductions of enterprises. Women and persons living with disability under special circumstances are entitled to early retirement
Health insurance
–
Other social protection schemes
The system of “Mahallas”or neigh-bourhood committees: dealing with issues relating to women, children, older persons and persons living with disabilities
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
–
Training for providers of elderly care
–
Long-term care
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.PP-1542 provides for home care, annual check-ups and improvement of living conditions
Self-care
Declaration of Year of Older Persons (2015)5: free well-ness programmes for war and labour veterans who served during 1941 to 1945
Mental health services
–
PLWHA / care-givers
–
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
–
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
–
Employment opportunities
–
PAGE 108
PAGE 109
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
UzbekistanPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
Houses of older persons are repaired or equipped to better suit the needs of occupants
Mobility
• Older persons with issues related to mobility are provided free transport or at a reduced fare
• Equipment required such as wheelchairs and sticks are provided free when the need arises
Monitoring of quality and standards
–
CONTACT
Ministry of Labour and Social Security
Website: www.mehnat.uz/en
PAGE 109
* The definition and data sources of all the indicators are provided in Annex 1. Information based on responses received in 2012 to the Regional Survey on Ageing distributed by ESCAP to its Member States and associated members.
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
Viet NamKEY INDICATORS
POPULATION AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 9,614,0002050 31,432,000
SEX RATIO, MEN PER 100 WOMEN
2015 60+ 66.52015 80+ 43.4
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2010–2015)
M 79.3W 84.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT AGE 60 (2045–2050)
M 82.9W 87.2
OLD AGE SUPPORT RATIO
2013 10.42050 2.9
STATUTORY RETIREMENT AGE
M 60W 55
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 AND OVER
2015 10.3%2050 27.9%
PROPORTION OF PERSONS AGED 80 AND OVER
2015 2.0%2050 6.2%
PROPORTION CURRENTLY MARRIED
M 60+ 85.0%W 60+ 44.0%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS WHO ARE LIVING INDEPENDENTLY OR ONLY WITH SPOUSE
M 60+ 30.0%W 60+ 27.0%
PROPORTION IN LABOUR FORCE, 2015
M 65+ 33.9%W 65+ 22.8%
PROPORTION OF OLDER PERSONS COVERED BY OLD-AGE PENSION SCHEMES
MW 34.5%
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS PAGE 110
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Viet NamPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
NATIONAL COORDINATING BODY ON AGEING
Viet Nam National Committee of Ageing
LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS
• Law on the Elderly (2010)
• Constitution, Article 66 on State assistance to older persons without support
NATIONAL POLICY ON AGEING
National Programme of Action for the Elderly (2012–2020)
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Old age pension
• Social Insurance Law (2006)
• Social Transfer Programs (Decree 67/2007, and amended to 13/2010): focusses on older persons living alone, persons living with disability, living with HIV/AIDS and aged more than 90 years
Health insurance
• Article of Social Insurance of the Ordinance: free health insurance for poor older persons
• Circular 02/2004/TT-BYT: free health insurance for older persons 90 years and above
• Law on Elderly (2010): all older per-sons entitled to discounted payments for health services
Other social protection schemes
• Social Protection Policy (2000): monthly allowance to older persons 60 and above with no means of support
• Decree 13/2010/ND-CP: cash trans-fer programme that aims to reduce vulnerabilities and poverty in old age
HEALTHY AGEING
Policy on health care for older persons
• Social Protection Policy (2000): free health care insur-ance for poor older persons
• Decree No. 02/2004/TT-BYT: health care for older people in the community
• Decree No. 02/2005/TT-BYT: health services for elderly in the community including home-based care
• Decree 13/2010/ND-CP: older persons living alone, poor or older persons with disabilities should be given priority access to health care
Training for providers of elderly care
• Central Gerontology Hospital: short-term trainings for health providers
• National Institute of Gerontology: research unit on health in ageing
• Vietnam Women Union: seminars and training of trainers on knowledge and skills for care of older persons.
• Vietnam Red Cross Association: established a coordinator network for ageing care in the community
Long-term care
Social protection centres: geriatric treatments for older persons
Self-care
• High Tree, Large Shadow Programme (Cay cao bong ca): encourages older persons to be active in social and familial lives
• Decree No. 2/2004/TT-BYT: encourages older persons in learning self-care skills
Mental health services
Programs under Decree 13/2010 : medical services pro-vided at Central Gerontology Hospital and Gerontological Departments of provincial hospitals, support provided in some social protection centres
PLWHA / care-givers
Programme on HIV/AIDS prevention and assistance for PLWHA: awareness-raising, treatment and support; In-ter-generation Sympathy Club for HIV/AIDS-affected older persons
PAGE 111
PAGE 112
Country namePOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Viet NamPOLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS CONTINUED…
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: KEY FACTS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE AND NEGLECT
Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence (2007), Article 3 on protection of lawful rights and interests of children, the older persons with disabilities, and women
PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENT
Participation in policy / decision -making
• All society care and promote the potentials of the elderly: older persons encouraged to assist in local activities e.g. construction, conservation, cultural knowledge transfer etc.
• National Assembly includes representatives of Vietnam Association of the Elderly (VAE)
Employment opportunities
• National Program of Action for the Elderly (2012-2020) encourages older people who wish to open their own businesses
• Articles 166 and 167 of the Labour Code 2012 addresses older workers’ rights; older persons are granted the right to work while receiving pension benefits as well as ensur-ing ‘decent work’
• Vietnam Women Union (VWU) programs for female elderly: Small Loans for Women; Advancement of Women; Intergenerational Self-help Clubs.
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Housing
• Law on Elderly (2010): regulations on construction sites to facilitate older persons mobility
• Social Houses in Communities model: rely on support from the community volunteers to improve the living condi-tions of poor older persons
Mobility
Law on Persons with Disabilities (2010): guidelines on making public transport accessible for persons living with disabilities and older persons
Monitoring of quality and standards
• Multi-sectoral working groups conduct annual evaluations: reports submitted to the Prime Minister
• Decree No. 68/2008/ND-CP: sets criteria for establishing and running social protection facilities
CONTACT
Viet Nam National Committee of Ageing
Web: http://vnca.molisa.gov.vn/
PAGE 112
AGEING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: PAGE 113
Ageing at a Glance and other Social Development publications
are available from www.unescap.org/our-work/social-development
For further information on this publication, please address your enquiries to:
Social Development DivisionEconomic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel: 66 2 288-1513
Fax: 66 2 288-1030
E-mail: [email protected]