Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário1
Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário
Agenda 2030
Policy formulation, negotiation, decision and evaluation
Stakeholders engagement and participation
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master on Environmental EngineeringGestão de Ambiente e Território/ Environment and Territory Management 4/2
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Bibliography• Creighton, J. L. 2005. The Public Participation Handbook: making better
decisions through citizen involvement. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
• Fleming et al 2017, The sustainable development goals: A case study. Marine Policy 86 (2017) 94–103
• Faludi A. The environmentally centred view of planning. Pergamon Press; 1987
• Healey, P 1997. Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies, UBC Press
• Nilsson and Persson, 2017. Policy note: Lessons from environmental policy integration for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, Environmental Science and Policy, 78: 36–39
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Decision cycleOODA Loop – John Boyd
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Basic concepts in planning
Allocate resources to activities or uses;
To define development objectives and strategies;
To establish rules (policies to support thedesign of actions)
PLANNING IS....
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
“Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment” (A/RES/70/1), adopted on 25th September 2015
17
Objectives
169
Targets
232
Indicators
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
SDG are global Governments (and organizations) are expected to take ownership and establish national (and corporate) frameworks for their achievement
(adapted from UN, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/developmentagenda)
SDG help to clarify what is meant by sustainability and sustainabledevelopment
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
https://blog.kumu.io/a-toolkit-for-mapping-relationships-among-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-a21b76d4dda0(see also: Le Blanc, 2015, Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets; UN DESA)
Systemic view on the SDG - indivisible whole
Network of goals
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Systemic view on the SDG - indivisible whole
Network centred on SDG10
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
SDG Compass (SDG Compass – The Guide for business action on the SDGs; GRI, WBCSD, UN Global Compact) 2015 http://sdgcompass.org/Framework for businesses implementation of the SDGs Step 1: Understanding the SDGs
Step 2: Defining prioritiesStep 3: Setting goalsStep 4: IntegratingStep 5: Reporting & communicating
The Gap FrameKatrin Muff, Agnieszka Kapalka, Thomas Dyllick, 2017Applies SDG Compact – looking for actions
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Policy formulation, negotiation, decision and
assessment
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
UNEP, 2009
Policy analysis
Policy formulation
Evaluation
Implementation
Decision-Making
Agenda setting
Policy Decision cycle
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Four key policy-making dimensions (Nilsson and Persson, 2017)
1.Normative framework guiding2.Political will to implement3.Cognitive and analytical capacities4.Institutional (organizational and procedural) arrangements
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Value – knowledge – rules model of decision-making (Fleming et al 2017)
Analysis and diagnosis of institutional (formal and informal), values-based (culture, norms, preferences, expectations, identity, motivations) and informational (knowledge) factors that constrain or enable decisions
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Multiple territorial perceptions
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Negotiation and persuasion
Negotiationhttps://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=A0geKV3.mKtaKIUATb4PxQt.;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNGozbWZ1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjQxMjNfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=ted+talks+negotiation&fr=yhs-iba-1&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1#id=9&vid=dcfb6eeb0d5bf443fcafa6c236b60cad&action=view
Negotiation vs persuasionhttps://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrEg6dJmqtaV0MA2rkPxQt.?p=negotiations+and+persuasion&fr=yhs-iba-1&fr2=piv-web&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1&type=fbds_5907_CHW_PT#id=3&vid=1752f76087fe609f7d1857ed55abe2f9&action=view
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Stakeholders in planning process
Stakeholders= population?
Stakeholders have different motivations and interests, sometimes convergent others conflictual
Public interest: Public good or private corporative interests?
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Aarhus Convention and European Directive 2003/4/CE of 28 January
http://www.unece.org/env/pp/
Access to information, Public participation in environmental decision-making and Access to justice in environmental matters
Principle 10 of Rio Declaration(1992)
Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens….each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment ….and the opportunity to
participate in decision-making processes.
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html
Citizens participation ladderArnstein (1969, Journal of the American Planning Association, 35: 216-224)
Manipulation
Information
Consultation
Participation
Delegation of power
Citizens control
Public weight in decision-making
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Communicative-planning approaches – emphasis on the role of actors in the planning process
1. How to select the relevant actors?2. What is the relevant information for each relevant actor,
and how to get it? 3. What are the characteristics of important social
networks, and how can they be identified and analyzed? 4. How to apply the information on actors and actor
networks in practical situations?
Thissen (2001)
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Dynamic Actor Network Analysis (DANA)Systemic description of an actor in relation to the relevant causal situations, on
the structure of objectives, or on the structure of the network, which implies his relationship with other actors in the network
Visualization with graphs analysis will enable:- Analysis of different perspectives between actors- Clusters of actors- Analysis of dependence structures
http://dana.actoranalysis.com/
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Formal network
Informal network
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http://www.sas2.net/Social Analysis Systems
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Who is involved?
Stages and Methods of PP
Benefits of PP
Potential application:
-EIA
-SEA
-Strategies for Sustainability
-Local Agenda 21
-Spatial and Development planning
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Participative techniques - Hands on planning
"If you want to know how the shoe fits, ask the person who is wearing it, not the one who made it."
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
TED Talk: How to be a change agent?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR1Dn1HdSpA
Agents of change
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCommunities of Komiža, Patti and Palamós
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
WP communicationCommunity learning and knowledge brokerage
Collect information from common and empirical knowledge among the community
Promotes and depends on interactions with local stakeholders:
Co-develop of community’s sustainable development strategy for marine ecosystems
Co-define strategic options and strategic paths for marine ecosystems sustainable management
Image source: Arbter et. al 2005, p. 18
Sharing results during project duration: involvement, communication and dissemination
Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário
Ostrom E. 2009. A general framework for analysing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science; 325: 419-422.
WP communicationCommunity learning and knowledge brokerageSocial-Ecologial Systems Approach: