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Atomic Theory Polka
• Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.
• Thomson worked with cathode rays and said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model makes much more sense to me.” A new chapter in atomic theory started to unfold.
• When Rutherford played around with atoms made of gold. When a few of his alpha particles came bounding back, he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked them off the track.
• Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.
• Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in orbits with specific energies.”
electron
neutron
proton
• Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no way to know the orbit or a path, where the electron’s gonna go.”
• Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy mathematics, and made a model of the atom based on quantum mechanics. It has orbitals and those are based on probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of pure uncertainty.
• Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.
Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles PROTONSPROTONS pp++
In the nucleusIn the nucleus +1 charge+1 charge 1 amu1 amu
ELECTRONELECTRON ee--
In electron cloudIn electron cloud -1 charge-1 charge 11//18401840 amu amu
NEUTRONNEUTRON nnoo
In the nucleusIn the nucleus No chargeNo charge 1 amu1 amu
Atomic numberAtomic number
Used to arrange elements in PT by Used to arrange elements in PT by MosleyMosley
# of PROTONS# of PROTONS
# of ELECTRONS # of ELECTRONS IFIF an ATOM an ATOM
IsotopesIsotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in Atoms of the same element that differ in the # of neutronsthe # of neutrons
Atomic MassAtomic Mass
The The weightedweighted average of all isotopes. average of all isotopes. Always a decimal (unless a man-made Always a decimal (unless a man-made
element)element)
Mass numberMass number
Mass of an isotopeMass of an isotope AlwaysAlways a whole number – a whole number – not on PTnot on PT # of PROTONS + NEUTRONS# of PROTONS + NEUTRONS
NuclideNuclide Tells atomic # and mass # of an atomTells atomic # and mass # of an atom
23231111NaNa
Sodium-23 has ____ protons, ___ electrons Sodium-23 has ____ protons, ___ electrons and ____ neutronsand ____ neutrons