AGENDA AGENDA DefinitionsDefinitionsVisual History of Civil Rights in the USVisual History of Civil Rights in the USFinal Exam PreviewFinal Exam Preview

Period 3: Mon 12/19 9:40 amPeriod 3: Mon 12/19 9:40 amPeriod 4: Tues 12/20 9:40 amPeriod 4: Tues 12/20 9:40 amPeriod 5: Wed 12/21 7:30 amPeriod 5: Wed 12/21 7:30 amPeriod 6: Wed 12/21 9:40 amPeriod 6: Wed 12/21 9:40 am

HW: Prep for Final Exam HW: Prep for Final Exam (Benchmark & Essay)(Benchmark & Essay)Bring textbook & ID to Final to exchange booksBring textbook & ID to Final to exchange books

DefinitionsDefinitionsWrite your own definition of the following:Write your own definition of the following:

MinorityMinorityDiversityDiversityEqualityEquality

What do these terms have in common?What do these terms have in common?What kinds of emotions are associated What kinds of emotions are associated

with these terms (connotation)?with these terms (connotation)?

MinoritiesMinoritiesWe often refer to minorities when we We often refer to minorities when we

discuss government or the history of the discuss government or the history of the United States… who are minorities?United States… who are minorities?

Women, African Americans, Native Women, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, any small group within the Americans, any small group within the Caucasian majority in America is Caucasian majority in America is considered a minorityconsidered a minority

DiversityDiversityThe United States is one of the most The United States is one of the most

ethnically diverse countries in the world ethnically diverse countries in the world being a country of native populations and being a country of native populations and immigrants.immigrants.

Our history and the progress of our Our history and the progress of our government and Constitution reflects this government and Constitution reflects this diversity.diversity.

EqualityEquality According to the Constitution all men (women) According to the Constitution all men (women)

should be considered equal in this countryshould be considered equal in this country This does not mean we are all the same but This does not mean we are all the same but

should have EQUAL opportunity and EQUAL should have EQUAL opportunity and EQUAL rightsrights

This principal outlaws This principal outlaws De Jure segregation but but De Facto segregation is still the realityDe Facto segregation is still the reality

Do you think we can ever overcome Do you think we can ever overcome discrimination in this country?discrimination in this country?

Integration: Brown v. Board of Education

Rosa Parks

Rosa ParksRosa ParksRosa Parks was born on Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913. She grew up February 4, 1913. She grew up in Pine Level, Alabama, right in Pine Level, Alabama, right outside of Montgomery.outside of Montgomery.In the South, Jim Crowe laws In the South, Jim Crowe laws segregated African American’s segregated African American’s and whites in almost every and whites in almost every aspect of life.aspect of life.

This included a seating policy on This included a seating policy on buses. White’s sat in the front, buses. White’s sat in the front, Blacks sat in the back.Blacks sat in the back.

Buses also drove White students Buses also drove White students to school. Black students were to school. Black students were forced to walk everyday.forced to walk everyday.

Events Leading Up To Rosa’s ProtestEvents Leading Up To Rosa’s ProtestParks was an active member of The Civil Rights Parks was an active member of The Civil Rights Movement and joined the Montgomery chapter of Movement and joined the Montgomery chapter of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1943.Colored People) in 1943.In 1944 Jackie Robinson refused to give up his bus seat In 1944 Jackie Robinson refused to give up his bus seat in Texas.in Texas.In 1955, Black Activist in Montgomery were building a In 1955, Black Activist in Montgomery were building a case around Claudette Colvin, a 15 year old girl who case around Claudette Colvin, a 15 year old girl who refused to give up her seat on a bus. She was arrested refused to give up her seat on a bus. She was arrested and forcibly removed from the bus.and forcibly removed from the bus.African Americans made up 75% of the passengers in African Americans made up 75% of the passengers in the Bus system but still had to deal with unfair rules.the Bus system but still had to deal with unfair rules.

The ArrestThe ArrestOn December 1, 1955 On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a give up her seat to a White man on a bus.White man on a bus.Parks was arrested and Parks was arrested and charged with the charged with the violation of a violation of a segregation law in The segregation law in The Montgomery City Code.Montgomery City Code.50 African American 50 African American leaders in the leaders in the community met to community met to discuss what to do discuss what to do about Rosa’s arrest.about Rosa’s arrest.

“People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” -Rosa Parks Autobiography

Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus BoycottOn December 5, 1955, On December 5, 1955, through the rain, the African through the rain, the African Americans in Montgomery Americans in Montgomery began to boycott the began to boycott the busses.busses.40,000 Black commuters 40,000 Black commuters walked to work, some as far walked to work, some as far as twenty miles.as twenty miles.The boycott lasted 382 days.The boycott lasted 382 days.The bus companies The bus companies finances struggled. Until finances struggled. Until the law that called for the law that called for segregation on busses was segregation on busses was finally lifted.finally lifted.

SNCC takes action

March on Washington

Ruby BridgesRuby Bridges In 1960, at the age of 6, Ruby Bridges became the first In 1960, at the age of 6, Ruby Bridges became the first

black elementary school child to attend a white school.black elementary school child to attend a white school. Due to White opposition of integration, Ruby needed to be Due to White opposition of integration, Ruby needed to be

escorted to school by federal marshals.escorted to school by federal marshals. After Ruby entered the school, many of the teachers After Ruby entered the school, many of the teachers

refused to teach and many of the White students went refused to teach and many of the White students went home.home.

Ruby went to school everyday.Ruby went to school everyday.

The Problem We All Live With, By Norman Rockwell

Watts Riots

Malcolm X

Malcolm XMalcolm XX Born in Omaha Nebraska, Malcolm Little was

the son of a Baptist preacher who urged Blacks to stand up for their rights.

X His father was killed by White Supremacist in Michigan, in 1931.

X After time, Malcolm moved to Harlem where he became involved in gambling, drug dealing and robbery.

X Malcolm was arrested at the age of 20 for armed robbery. In jail he studied the teaching of theElijah Muhammad.

Elijah MuhammadElijah MuhammadX Elijah Muhammad was the leader of Elijah Muhammad was the leader of

the mostly Black political and the mostly Black political and religious group The Nation Of Islam.religious group The Nation Of Islam. His teachings, often perceived as racist, His teachings, often perceived as racist,

preached complete separation from preached complete separation from Whites in society.Whites in society.

He often expressed the idea the Blacks He often expressed the idea the Blacks were the first people to rule the world were the first people to rule the world and that the Whites tricked them out of and that the Whites tricked them out of power and oppressed them.power and oppressed them.

Young Malcolm X developed his adept Young Malcolm X developed his adept speaking skills and political ideas speaking skills and political ideas under the direction of Elijah under the direction of Elijah Muhammad.Muhammad.

Nation Of IslamNation Of IslamX The Nation Of Islam

(NOI) was an activist group that believed that most African slaves were originally Muslim.

X The NOI urged African Americans to reconvert to Islam in effort to restore the heritage that was stolen from them.

X The NOI wanted to create a second Black nation within the United States.

X The “X” in Malcolm’s name symbolizes the rejection of his slave name.

Malcolm X: The ActivistMalcolm X: The ActivistX Malcolm X made constant Malcolm X made constant

accusations of racism and accusations of racism and demanded violent actions of self demanded violent actions of self defense.defense.

X He constantly retold the injustices He constantly retold the injustices his people suffered in the past. his people suffered in the past.

X Malcolm X gathered wide spread Malcolm X gathered wide spread admiration from African admiration from African American’s and wide spread fear American’s and wide spread fear from Whites. However White from Whites. However White college students could not ignore college students could not ignore the harsh realities of his the harsh realities of his preaching's.preaching's.

Malcolm X Speaks, 1965Malcolm X Speaks, 1965X ““Be peaceful, be courteous, Be peaceful, be courteous,

obey the law, respect obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to his hand on you, send him to the cemetery.”the cemetery.”

X ““Nobody can give you Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it.”If you're a man, you take it.”

X ““You can't separate peace from You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his be at peace unless he has his freedom.”freedom.”

Black PowerBlack PowerBlack Power is a term that emphasizes racial Black Power is a term that emphasizes racial pride and the desire for African Americans to pride and the desire for African Americans to achieve equality.achieve equality.The term promotes the creation of Black The term promotes the creation of Black political and social institutions.political and social institutions.The term was popularized by Stokely The term was popularized by Stokely Carmichael during The Civil Rights Movement.Carmichael during The Civil Rights Movement.Many SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Many SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) members were becoming critical Committee) members were becoming critical of leaders that articulated non-violent of leaders that articulated non-violent responses to racism.responses to racism.

Black Panther Party

Stokely Carmichael

Tommie Smith and John CarlosTommie Smith and John CarlosTommie Smith and John Tommie Smith and John Carlos give the Black Carlos give the Black Power salute at the 1968 Power salute at the 1968 Summer Olympics.Summer Olympics.The two men were The two men were suspended by the United suspended by the United States team and banned States team and banned from Olympic village.from Olympic village.The action is considered The action is considered a milestone of The Civil a milestone of The Civil Rights Movement.Rights Movement.

Black Panther PartyBlack Panther Party

U.S. African American Militant group.U.S. African American Militant group. Founded in 1966 in Oakland.Founded in 1966 in Oakland. Led by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.Led by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Believed violent revolution was the only way to receive Believed violent revolution was the only way to receive

freedom.freedom. Urged African Americans to arm themselves.Urged African Americans to arm themselves.

The Violent PanthersThe Violent Panthers In the late 60’s party leaders got In the late 60’s party leaders got

involved in violent confrontations involved in violent confrontations with the police.with the police. The results was death on both sides.The results was death on both sides.

Huey Newton was tried in 1967 Huey Newton was tried in 1967 for killing a police officer.for killing a police officer.

Black Panther activist Bobby Black Panther activist Bobby Seale, was a member of the Seale, was a member of the Chicago Eight.Chicago Eight. A group of eight people who A group of eight people who

disrupted the 1968 Democratic disrupted the 1968 Democratic convention.convention.

Funk Music: Parliament

Civil Rights Law Civil Rights Law Our rights are protected by the laws of this Our rights are protected by the laws of this

countrycountryThe Civil Rights Acts of the 1960s The Civil Rights Acts of the 1960s

solidified the principles on which this solidified the principles on which this country was founded and guaranteed country was founded and guaranteed them to everyonethem to everyone

Currently programs like affirmative action Currently programs like affirmative action strive to reverse the historical trend of strive to reverse the historical trend of racial discrimination in this countryracial discrimination in this country

Rodney King

LA Riots

Civil Rights TodayCivil Rights Today The struggle for civil rights in America has The struggle for civil rights in America has

shifted to immigrants and homosexualsshifted to immigrants and homosexuals The United States is a nation of immigrants and The United States is a nation of immigrants and

outsiders, it has been from its inceptionoutsiders, it has been from its inception The Constitution guarantees protections to all The Constitution guarantees protections to all

who reside on US soil, regardless of citizenship who reside on US soil, regardless of citizenship or sexual orientationor sexual orientation

The focus of the Supreme Court is now squarely The focus of the Supreme Court is now squarely on the aforementioned groups, we can expect to on the aforementioned groups, we can expect to see changing policies in the next decadesee changing policies in the next decade

Final Exam EssayFinal Exam Essay Prompt PromptAfter viewing the video clips, write a reflective After viewing the video clips, write a reflective

essay in response to the following prompt:essay in response to the following prompt:

Based on what you have learned this semester Based on what you have learned this semester in American Government, explain how the in American Government, explain how the video clips address and demonstrate the video clips address and demonstrate the diverse aspects of diverse aspects of governmentgovernment, , civil libertiescivil liberties and and civil rightscivil rights. Be sure to include the . Be sure to include the powers, roles and responsibilities of the various powers, roles and responsibilities of the various branches of government.branches of government.