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Agenda
Review
• How did Mongol conquest affect Korea?• How did the Mongol threat affect Japan?• How was the modern state of Vietnam
created?
Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)
ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)
Objectives
• Describe the environment of tropical Africa and Asia.
• Evaluate how environmental differences shaped cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia.
Essential Questions
• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?
• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?
Map 14-1, p. 370
Target: Tropical Lands and Peoples
• The Tropical Environment– Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.– Rainy and dry seasons.– Altitude creates variations.
• Human Ecosystems– Hunters, fishers, herders, farmers
• Water Systems and Irrigation– Vietnam, Java, Malay, Burma – conserved
monsoon rains, terraced.– North and south India – dams, irrigation canals.– Large irrigation systems.• Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
– Southeast Asia – canals.
• Mineral Resources– Ironworking – hoes, axes, knives.– Copper – wire, currency, statues.– Gold.
Essential Questions
• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?
• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?
Agenda
Review
• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?
• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?
Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)
ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)
Objectives
• Identify the circumstances under which the first Islamic empires arose in Africa and India.
Essential Questions
• Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?
Map 14-2, p. 373
Target: New Islamic Empires
• Mali (Western Sudan)– Muslim rule (600’s on) stimulated Saharan trade.– Muslim Berbers defeated Ghana (1076), did little
to spread Islam.– Muslim attacks on Christian Nubian kingdoms
(1200s).– Ethiopia remained Christian.
– Sub-Sahara – gradual and peaceful conversion. – Expansion of commercial contacts in western
Sudan and East African coast.
– Well-developed agricultural base, control of regional trans-Saharan trade routes.
– Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337)• Ibn Battuta visited (1352-1354) during reign of Mansa
Suleiman (r. 1341-1360).• Fall – rebellions, outside attacks.
• Delhi Sultanate in India– Turkish dynasty captured Delhi (late 1100s).– 1206-1236 – Muslim invaders extended rule• Movement away from brutal conquerors.• Conquered peoples received protection for tax.
– Sultan Ala-ud-din Khalji (r. 1296-1316) increased control over outlying provinces.
– Firuz Shah (r. 1352-1388)• Taxed Brahmins. Built mosques, colleges, and hospitals.
– Terror, harsh military, pillage, and high taxes.
– Personal and religious rivalries within Muslim elite, Hindu discontent.• Bahmani kingdom (1347-1482).• Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565)
– By 1351, all of south India had cast off Delhi rule, north India rebelled.
Essential Questions
• Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?
Agenda
Review
• How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade?
• How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?
Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)
ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)
Objectives
• Identify how the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tied together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
• Describe how cultural and ecological differences promoted trade.
• Describe how this trade and other contacts promoted state growth and the spread of Islam.
Essential Questions
• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?
• How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade?
• How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?
Map 14-3, p. 376
Target: Indian Ocean Trade
• 14th century fall of Mongol Empire disrupted overland routes.
• 1200-1500: trade increased and facilitated spread of Islam.
• Monsoon Mariners– Demand for luxuries rose.– Several legs of voyage.– Dhows – Arabian Sea vessel.
p. 381
– Junks in China.– Decentralized and cooperative commercial
interest connected the Indian Ocean regions.
• Africa: The Swahili Coast and Zimbabwe– City-states by 1500 as a result of expanded trade.– Common culture and language built on African
grammar and vocabulary, many Arabic and Persian terms, Arabic script.• Swahili.
– Kilwa.
– Great Zimbabwe• Stone structures.• Farming and cattle herding, long-distance trade (gold
and salt).• Decline – most likely forest depletion and overgrazing.
• Arabia: Aden and the Red Sea– Aden – monsoon winds = drinking water and grain
for export.– Common commercial interests = good relations
among religions and cultures.
• India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast– Gujarat prospered from the Arabian Sea and the
Delhi Sultanate.• Merchants helped spread Islam.• Manufactured goods for trade.
• Southeast Asia– Strait of Malacca• Political rivalry (14th and 15th centuries).• Siam, Majapahit.
– Malacca• Alliance with China. • Ruler’s conversion to Islam promoted trade with
Muslim merchants.• Southeast Asian products.
Essential Questions
• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?
• What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?
Agenda
Review
• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?
• What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?
Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)
ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)
Objectives
• Describe the social and cultural changes reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period.
Essential Questions
• What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?
Target: Social and Cultural Change
• Architecture, Learning, and Religion– Social and cultural changes affected cities more
than rural areas.– Blend of old and new.– Mosques, churches, temples – centers of
education and prayer.
• Muslim scholars.• Muslim rulers seldom required conversion.– Merchants, Muslim domination of trade,
marriage.– Invasions eliminated last strongholds of Buddhism.
• Social and Gender Distinctions– Growth in Hindu slavery with Muslim expansion.– African slaves - military and administration of
some Indian states.– Slaves worked in trades, military units, copper
mines, as servants.
• Status of Hindu women improved.– Sati was optional.– Seldom played role in commerce, administration,
or religion.• Adopting Islam did not always mean adopting
Arab social customs.
Essential Questions
• What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?