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AGENT TECHNOLOGY-
APPLIED TO THE PROTECTIONOF POWER SYSTEMS
VINAY
.
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Introduction to Technology What is
anAgent?
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Definition of an agent
We define asoftware agentto be a computer
program that hasthe basicproperties asshown above.
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Agent architecture Our agent proposal uses geographically
distributed agents located in a number of
IntelligentElectronic Devices (IEDs)
An IED is a hardware environment that has thenecessary computational, communication, and
other I/O capabilities needed to support a software
agent.
An IED can be loaded with agents that can
perform control and/or protection functionality.
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local area networks(LANs) and wide area
networks are used for the interaction
between the IEDs. For the purpose of this abstract, an IED
must be capable of receiving and
supporting user-based agent software. Decision-making is made based on
knowledge received from other agents as
well as on local measurements. Local measurements might include of the
current, voltage, and breaker status.
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Agents might even interface with legacysystems such as Supervisory ControlandData Acquisition (SCADA) systems.
These networks will be based on Internetstandards even if the systems remainedindependent of the global network
conglomeration.
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EPOCHS EPOCHS,the Electr ic Power andCommunicat ion Synch ronizing Simu lator.
There is a requirement for the platform thatcould simultaneously simulate both electricpower and communication elements.
An EPOCH is a new environment allowing users
to create and test agent-based communicationsscenarios involving electric power transients.
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AnEPOCHmakes use of three majorsimulators
PSCAD/EMTDC, for electromagnetictransient simulation
PSLF, for electromechanical transientsimulation.
NS2, to simulate network communication.
AnEPOCH
also adds two components ofits own.
i.Agent HQ
ii.Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI)
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PSCAD/EMTDC, PSLF, andNS2allowuserdefined extensions.
APSCAD/EMTDC scenario can includeuser-defined libraries that addequipment definitions using the Cprogramming language that were notpresent in the original software.
NS2uses C++ language.
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Agent HQ presents a unified worldviewto all simulated agents and acts as aproxy for all inter-simulation
information exchange. ARun-Time Infrastructure (RTI) is
responsible for maintaining consistent
simulation timing between allcomponents
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet LAN
Environment
Agent--based IEDs structure
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Fault in Environment
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Agent
Communication
Control and
Protection
Schemes.
Sensor input Actuator output
Ethernet lan
Rectification to Environment
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Conclusions We have described the use of agents forpower systems protection.
One of the most fundamental features ofan agent is its ability to communicate.
Agent-based systems necessarily rely oncommunication networks to addfunctionality beyond what can beachieved by traditional methods.
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It is still far too early to predict thefuture of agent-based protection and
control systems. There are many issuesthat must be dealt with in agent-basedprotection and control.
Communication security, propercommunication protocol selection, and theappropriate range of applications foragent-based methods are just a few of
many issues that must be dealt withbefore agents will be ready for use in realsystems.
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References;
[1] Coury DV, Thorp JS, Hopkinson KM, Birman KP (2000) Agent Technology Applied toAdaptative Relay Setting for Multi-Terminal Lines. Presented at IEEE Power EngineeringSociety Summer Meeting,Seatle, Washington.
[2] Coury DV, Thorp JS, Hopkinson KM, Birman KP (2000) Improving the Protection of EHVTeed Feeders Using Local Agents. Presented at IEEE Summer Meeting
[3] General Electric (2003) PSLF Manual.
[4] McLean C, Riddick F (2001) The IMS Mission Architecture for Distributed
Manufacturing Simulation. Presented at Summer Computer Simulation Conference
[5] Redfern MA, Chiwaya AAW (1994) A New Approach to Digital Current DifferentialProtection for Low and Medium Voltage Feeder Circuit using a Digital Voice-Frequency GradeCommunication Channel.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery vol. 9:1352-1358
[6] Samad T, Harp S, Wollenberg B, Morton B,Pires L, Brignonne S (1999) Siimulation ofComplex Systems for the Power Industry with Adaptive Agents. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA TR112816
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